baganibrave men, warriors, a status of considerable prestige achieved by the taking of human life under culturally prescribed conditions (Lebar 1975) (PMP: *baRani)

kabatitia shrub: Callicarpa caudata Maxim., Verbenaceae (PPH: *kabatíti)

lagoa tree: Myristica fatus Houtt. (Madulid 2001) (PPH: *lagu₂)

latoŋa stinging plant: Urtica bullata Bl. (Madulid 2001) (PMP: *lateŋ) *laCeŋ

maganibrave men, warriors, a status of considerable prestige achieved by the taking of human life under culturally prescribed conditions (Lebar 1975) (PWMP: *ma-baRani) *baRani

51. Bahasa Indonesia (233) WMP (Poerwadarminta 1976) [ind] (Indonesian) Indonesia (Java and Bali)

adaskind of hemp, Cannabis sativa; a substance such as marijuana, hashish, etc., made from the leaves and flowers of this plant (PWMP: *aqedas)

akanabout (as in ‘forget about’); concerning; in order to (PWMP: *aken₂)

-anthe suffix -an is used to form nouns from various types of base ... It is also used to form a small number of adjectives and adverbs ... When added to a root which can function as a noun, the suffix -an 1. occasionally produces a noun which hardly varies in meaning from the base noun (e.g. ruaŋ 'room' : ruaŋ-an 'room'); 2. more usually it produces a noun whose referent has some real or fancied resemblance to the referent of the base noun (e.g. achir 'end' : achir-an 'suffix', anak 'child' : anak-an 'interest (on an investment)', rambut 'hair' : rambut-an 'a fruit, the hairy cherry'; 3. when added to a noun root (usually reduplicated) the suffix -an forms a noun which refers to a collection of the referents of the simple noun, or of related referents (e.g. bintaŋ 'star' : bintaŋ-an 'constellation', pohon 'tree' : pohon-pohon-an 'trees, the vegetable kingdom'; 4. when added to a numerative (usually only satu, or those which can be preceded by satu in the form se-), the suffix -an forms a noun referring to a group consisting of that number (e.g. satu 'one' : satu-an 'a unit', -puluh 'ten' : puluh-an 'decade, a group of ten'; 5. when added to a verb (all other prefixes and suffixes being lost), the suffix -an forms a noun which refers to what is involved in the performance of the action referred to by the verb, whether as the product or the instrument (e.g. makan 'eat' : makan-an 'food', me-lukis 'to draws, paint' : lukis-an 'a drawing, painting', meŋ-ayun 'to rock, sway' : ayun-an 'cradle'. Such nouns in -an contrast with nouns in ke- -an, per- -an and peŋ- -an in that they refer to more concrete or definite things, while the three latter groups refer to more abstract processes. Nonetheless, there is sometimes a congruence in meaning between the noun in -an and the other nouns, especially those in per- -an and peŋ- -an... 6. Such nouns, derived from verbs by the addition of -an, refer to a collection of items, when the root is reduplicated (e.g. meŋ-gali 'to dig' : gali-an 'what is dug up' : gali-gali-an 'minerals, root crops', tembak 'to shoot' : tembak-an 'shot' : tembak-tembak-an 'shooting'; 7. Just as the suffix -an, added to a reduplicated noun root, produces a noun referring to a collection of items, the same suffix, added to a few adjective roots, usually reduplicated, produces a noun referring to a collection of items which can be characterized by that adjective (e.g. enak 'delicious' : enak-enak-an 'delicacies', manis 'sweet' : manis-an 'candy, sweets'; 8. Otherwise, adjectives and the occasional verb root, when reduplicated and followed by -an, produce adjectives, or adverbs of manner (e.g. teraŋ 'bright' : teraŋ-teraŋ-an 'frank', takut 'afraid' : takut-takut-an 'bashful', buta 'blind' : buta-buta-an 'at random, blindly') (Macdonald and Soenjono 1967:65ff). (PAN: *-an)

anakoffspring; young person or animal; person who originates from or was born in (a given country, area, etc.); person belonging to a certain occupation (family, etc.), as anak kapal 'crewmember of a ship'; small part of some larger thing, as anak baju 'undershirt', anak bukit 'small hill (at foot of mountain)', anak air 'small tributary stream' (PMP: *anak) *aNak

anak-aninterest on money (PWMP: *anak-an) *aNak

anak anakmany children; a small child (PWMP: *anak anak) *aNak

anak anak-andoll (PWMP: *anak anak-an) *aNak

anak anak-an mentimunchild adopted for one's wife (lit. 'cucumber doll') (PWMP: *anak anak-an) *aNak

anak buahpeople who belong in one's family, (nation, etc.) (PMP: *anak buaq) *aNak

anak gampaŋillegitimate child (PMP: *anak) *aNak

anak mérahneonate (lit. 'red child') (PMP: *anak a ma-iRaq) *aNak

anak oraŋnon-relative (PMP: *anak i tau) *aNak

añam-anwhat has been plaited or woven; things that have been plaited (PWMP: *añam-en) *añam

añam-an rambuta plait or braid of hair (PWMP: *añam-en) *añam

anjaŋlong, tall (abbreviation of panjaŋ) (NOISE)

antar-anmoney, etc. given by the groom's family to his future parents-in-law; goods which are taken or sent on request; person who escorts or accompanies (PMP: *hateD-an) *SateD

antar-meŋ-antaraccompany one another, send to one another (as gifts of food) (PWMP: *maŋ-hateD) *SateD

apa apaanything; what(so)ever (PMP: *apa apa) *apa₁

asah-aninstrument used to whet or sharpen (PMP: *hasaq-an) *Sasaq

asah-anwhat has been sharpened (PWMP: *hasaq-en) *Sasaq

Bahasa Indonesia (20 / 233)

asin-anvegetables (fruits, etc.) that have been salted (PWMP: *qasin-an) *qasiN

babattripe (PWMP: *babat)

baloŋshallow pond (PWMP: *baqeluŋ)

bambaŋflat and wide, spacious (PWMP: *baŋbaŋ₁)

baŋun-anwhat is erected, what is constructed (house, building, bridge) (PWMP: *baŋun-an) *baŋuN

baŋun-baŋunform, shape, build (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN

baurto mix (PWMP: *bahuR)

baur-anmixture (of foods, vegetables, etc.) (PWMP: *bahuR-an) *bahuR

be-ratus-ratushundreds and hundreds (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus

ber-baurmixed, mixed with (PWMP: *maR-bahuR) *bahuR

ber-buatdo, perform something (PWMP: *maR-buhat) *buhat₂

ber-deŋarlistened to, followed, obeyed (PWMP: *maR-deŋeR) *deŋeR

ber-hujan-hujandeliberately walk (play, etc.) in the rain (PWMP: *maR-quzan) *quzaN

ber-kaituse a hook (PWMP: *maR-kawit) *kawit

ber-kayucontaining wood; search for wood in the forest (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw

ber-limafive together (as five people living in the same house) (PWMP: *maR-lima) *lima

ber-lubaŋhaving a hole or depression (PWMP: *maR-lubaŋ) *lubaŋ₁

ber-ludahto spit (PMP: *ludaq)

ber-pilih-pilihchoose very carefully (PWMP: *maR-piliq) *piliq

bər-pisah-pisahto keep to oneself (PWMP: *pisaq)

Bahasa Indonesia (40 / 233)

bər-saŋkutconnected with, involved with (PWMP: *saŋkut)

bər-saŋkut-aninvolved with, implicated (PWMP: *saŋkut)

bər-sinaw-sinawsparkle and shine (PWMP: *sinaw)

bər-sintukto rub the body, as when bathing (PWMP: *sintuk)

ber-tanamto plant, engage in the work of planting (PWMP: *maR-tanem) *CaNem

buah tomattomato: Solanum lycopersicum (probably < Dutch tomaat) (LOAN)

buatfor (someone), because of (PMP: *buhat₂)

buat-anwhat is made; result of work; way of making (PMP: *buhat-an₂) *buhat₂

buat apawhy? For what reason or purpose? (PWMP: *buhat apa) *buhat₂

bubardisperse, scatter (of people who have been gathered in one place) (LOAN)

burasdelicacy made of rice and soft coconut pulp wrapped in a banana leaf (LOAN)

dapur-dapurexternal part (of things, or parts of the body) (PWMP: *dapuR dapuR) *dapuR₁

dataŋ-dataŋjust arrived, newly arrived (PMP: *dateŋ)

derisa sound like that of walking through dry grass, cloth being cut, etc. (ROOT)

duatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa

dua-duatwo by two, two at a time (PMP: *duha duha₁) *duSa

dua hatihesitant, unsure (PMP: *duha) *duSa

erat-eratfirmly, tightly, of binding (PMP: *heRet) *SeReC

gagumute, dumb (PWMP: *gagu)

getak-getuksound of knocking (PWMP: *getuk)

Bahasa Indonesia (60 / 233)

giathard-working, industrious; enthusiastic (about activities, etc.) (PWMP: *giqed)

gubitsummon by waving (fingers motioning downward and inward) (ROOT)

halaŋ-anthe cause or reason that a plan cannot be executed (PWMP: *qalaŋ)

hambathold back, impede (PWMP: *habed)

hati-hatiwatch out! take care! (PWMP: *hatay)

hujanrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

huján lebatheavy rain, downpour (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

hujan panassunshower ( = "hot rain") (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

hujan rintik rintikdrizzling rain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

imbaŋweigh, balance; compare (PMP: *imbaŋ)

kacawmixed indiscriminately; tangled, disordered; disturbed, not at peace (PWMP: *kacaw)

kailfishhook (PAN: *kawil₁)

ka-laut-anthings connected with the sea (PWMP: *ka-lahud-an) *lahud

k-anak k-anaksmall child (usually below seven years of age) (PMP: *ka-anak) *aNak

kanduŋpocket, pouch; womb (PWMP: *kanduŋ)

kantuksleepiness (PWMP: *kantuk)

kayuwoody tree; wood (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw

kayu apifirewood (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw

kə- -anmarker of the adversative passive; kə-hujan-an ‘be caught in the rain, be caught in a downpour’ (cf. hujan ‘rain’); kə-siaŋ-an ‘to oversleep’ (cf. siaŋ ‘bright daylight’); kə-tidur-an ‘to fall asleep inadvertently (as when needing to stay awake)’ (cf. tidur ‘sleep’); kə-panas-an ‘be overcome by the heat of the sun’ (cf. panas ‘hot’) (PAN: *ka- -an₁)

ke-benar-ancoincidence (PWMP: *ka-bener-an) *bener

Bahasa Indonesia (80 / 233)

ke-berat-anobjection (PWMP: *ka-beReqat-en) *beReqat

ke-dataŋ-anthe arrival of something (PWMP: *ka-dateŋ-an) *dateŋ

ke-deŋar-anable to be heard; to be heard (PWMP: *ka-deŋeR-an) *deŋeR

ke-duasecond (PMP: *ika-duha) *duSa

ke-hujan-anbe caught in the rain (PWMP: *ka-quzan-an) *quzaN

kəjatbe stiff, rigid, as with fear (Echols and Shadily) (PWMP: *kezat)

kəlap-kəliptwinkle, flicker (of a lamp, star, firefly, etc.); to blink (of the eyes) (PMP: *kelap₂)

ke-mati-anoccurrence of death; suffer because of a death (PWMP: *ka-m-atay-an) *aCay

(k)emisbeg (LOAN)

ke-nulaŋ-anhave a fish bone stuck in the throat (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)

ke-salah-anmistake, error; fault, offense (PWMP: *ka-salaq-an) *salaq₁

ke-tahu-anknowledge, what is already known (PWMP: *ka-taqu-an) *Caqu

ke-takut-ana state of fear; a feeling of fear; a condition of fear; hesitation; worry; anxiety; be struck by fear (PWMP: *ka-takut-an) *takut

kətawato laugh (PWMP: *ka-tawa) *Cawa

kə-tənaŋ-ancalmness; fixedness, certainty in one’s thinking (PWMP: *ka-teneŋ-an) *teneŋ

ke-toloŋ-anreceive help or assistance (PWMP: *ka-tuluŋ-an) *tuluŋ

ke-turun-andescendants; generation (PMP: *tuRun₁)

kimpalcompact, without spaces inside (PWMP: *kimpal kimpal) *kimpal

kipayto wag the tail, of a dog (PWMP: *kipay)

lanjaŋlong and thin (NOISE)

Bahasa Indonesia (100 / 233)

laut-anvery wide sea, ocean (PWMP: *lahud-an) *lahud

(lawi)-lawilong curved tail feather of rooster or bird (PWMP: *lawi-lawi) *lawi₁

lubaŋhole, depression in the ground (PMP: *lubaŋ₁)

ludahsaliva (PMP: *ludaq)

lumpiaconfection consisting of a fritter filled with meat, bamboo shoots, etc., then rolled and fried, or sometimes boiled (LOAN)

lumpiaChinese pastry filled with meat or fish and vegetables (Echols and Shadily 1963) (LOAN)

mata guntiŋsharp edge of scissors (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata hatideep feelings (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata hurufletter of the alphabet (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata jalaholes in the mesh of a net (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata jalanlookout, scout (‘eye of the path/road’) (PMP: *mata nu zalan) *maCa

mata kailpoint of a fishhook (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata kayuhardest part of wood, corewood of tree (PMP: *mata nu kahiw) *maCa

mata lukaopening of a wound (PMP: *mata) *maCa

matidie; dead; not having ever lived; various figurative senses, including: break up, of a gathering; quiet or ceased (wind); not moving any longer (machine parts); waterless (wells or springs); numb (skin); extinguished (lamp, fire, etc.); dead-end (path, etc.); fixed or agreed so that it cannot change (price, agreement, etc.); fallen quiet (as marketplace); not used any longer (as a language); set (sun) (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay

mati beranakdie in childbirth (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay

mati kutu(ña)unable to do anything any more (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay

me-laŋitto go “sky high” (of prices) (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC

me-lesitsquirt out (PWMP: *lesit)

me-libatto bandage, wrap up (PWMP: *libej)

Bahasa Indonesia (120 / 233)

me-ludahto spit (PMP: *ludaq)

me-ludah-ito spit at or on (PMP: *ludaq)

mə-mayuŋ-ito shade with a parasol (PWMP: *ma-mayuŋ) *payuŋ

me-milihchoose something that is desired (PWMP: *ma-miliq) *piliq

memper-anak-kangive birth to children (PWMP: *mampaR-anak aken) *aNak

memper-duadivide into two parts (PMP: *duha) *duSa

me-ñakit-ito cause pain to someone (sadness, suffering, etc.) (PWMP: *ma-ñakit) *sakit

me-nanakto boil rice in a pot (PWMP: *ma-nanek) *taNek

men-cucutsip, suck (PWMP: *cutcut)

men-deŋarto hear (PWMP: *man-deŋeR) *deŋeR

men-duabecome two times, etc. (PWMP: *man-duha) *duSa

men-dua-iadd one until it becomes two (as of wives) (PWMP: *duha-i) *duSa

mə-ñəsakbecome tight or difficult (of breathing, one’s life); become packed or stuffed to overcrowding; to press or force (PWMP: *ma-ñeksek) *seksek₁

me-ñesapto drink by sipping, as a bird or an animal; to suck; to nurse, as a baby (PWMP: *ma-ñepsep) *sepsep

me-nulaŋ-iremove the bones (as from fish) (PWMP: *ma-nuqelaŋ) *tuqelaŋ

me-nurunto descend (PMP: *tuRun₁)

me-ŋailto fish with hook and line (PAN: *kawil₁)

me-ŋailto fish with hook and line (PWMP: *ma-ŋawil) *kawil₁

meŋ-alapfetch (knock down) fruits, etc. (PWMP: *maŋ-alap) *alap

meŋ-amaŋ amaŋfrighten someone, threaten (by pointing a weapon at them, etc.) (PWMP: *amaŋ amaŋ)

Bahasa Indonesia (140 / 233)

meŋ-ambil hati(lit. 'fetch the liver') win someone's affection (PMP: *qalap qatay) *qaCay

meŋ-ampun-ipardon, forgive (PWMP: *maŋ-ampun-i) *ampun

meŋ-anak semaŋwork as a servant, do menial labor (PWMP: *maŋ-anak) *aNak

meŋ-anak suŋaistream profusely (blood, etc.) (PWMP: *maŋ-anak) *aNak

meŋ-añamplait (laths, pandanus leaves, etc.), as in making a mat or basket (PWMP: *maŋ-añam) *añam

meŋ-añam rambutplait or braid hair (PWMP: *maŋ-añam) *añam

meŋ-antar-(kan)send or accompany a person on his way (PWMP: *maŋ-hateD) *SateD

meŋ-apa(apa)-ido something to (PWMP: *maŋ-apa-i) *apa₁

meŋ-apilike fire, resembling fire, becoming fire (PWMP: *maŋ-hapuy) *Sapuy

meŋ-asakcram something in so that it is compact or full (PWMP: *maŋ-hasek₂) *hasek₂

meŋ-asak-ipush or press against (PWMP: *hasek-i) *hasek₂

meŋ-asin-isalt something, put salt on (PWMP: *qasin-i) *qasiN

meŋ-atasclimb up, ascend (PWMP: *maŋ-atas) *aCas

meŋ-aturmake (pile, stack, put, arrange, place, etc.) nicely so that everything is neatly in place (PWMP: *maŋ-qatuR) *qatuR

meŋ-ayutcopulate (PWMP: *ayut)

mə-ŋəjapto flicker (of lamps, lightning, etc.) (PWMP: *kezap)

meŋ-emisto beg (LOAN)

meŋ-gamak-gamakgrip or handle something, as to determine its weight (PWMP: *gamak)

meŋ-halaŋto block, obstruct, lie athwart (PWMP: *qalaŋ)

meŋ-hambatrestrain, hinder, block, obstruct (PMP: *qambat)

Bahasa Indonesia (160 / 233)

meŋ-hujanlike rain (in great quantities, for example) (PWMP: *maŋ-quzan) *quzaN

meŋ-uŋkit-uŋkitbring up old grievances (NOISE)

me-ŋutu-iseek out lice, pick lice from the hair (PWMP: *ma-ŋutu) *kuCux

olok-olokwords intended to tease or ridicule, or just to have fun (PWMP: *ulug)

pem-baŋun-anprocess or manner of construction (PWMP: *paŋ-baŋun-an) *baŋuN

peŋ-nominal prefix often forming words that denote agents, or less commonly products of an action (PWMP: *paŋ-)

pe-ŋailperson who fishes with hook and line; equipment for fishing with hook and line (PWMP: *pa-ŋawil) *kawil₁

peŋ-ampun-anforgiveness, absolution (PWMP: *paŋ-ampun-an) *ampun

peŋ-antarperson who leads or escorts another; means of leading or escorting (PWMP: *paŋ-hateD) *SateD

peŋ-apittwo people who stand on the right and left of the bride or groom (PWMP: *paŋ-hapit) *Sapit

peŋ-asah-anmanner or action of whetting or sharpening (PWMP: *paŋ-hasaq-an) *Sasaq

peŋ-emisbeggar (LOAN)

peŋkolto curve, bend (as a road) (PMP: *pikul)

pe-ŋulitthe person who skins or peel something (PWMP: *pa-ŋulit) *kuliC

per-The prefix per- replaces the prefix ber- of verbs and adjectives, and so forms a noun indicating the person or instrument performing the action referred to by that verb, or possessing the quality referred to by that adjective (Macdonald and Soenjono 1967:99) (PWMP: *paR-) *paR-₁

per- ... -anin a few cases per- replaces ber- in verbs and combines with the suffix -an to form nouns referring to the process of the action referred to by the verb; occasionally the noun refers to the place where the action is performed (Soenjono and Macdonald 1967:100) (PWMP: *paR- ... -an) *paR-₁

per-anak-anuterus, womb; mixed descendants of native population and immigrants (PWMP: *paR-anak-an) *aNak

per-awak-anposture, shape or condition of the body (PWMP: *paR-hawak-an) *Sawak

per-buat-anwhat is done, what is carried out (PWMP: *paR-buhat-an) *buhat₂

pilihchoice (PAN: *piliq)

Bahasa Indonesia (180 / 233)

pilih-anwhat is chosen, one’s choice (PWMP: *piliq-en) *piliq

pukaŋcrotch (Echols and Shadily 1963) (PWMP: *pukaŋ)

ratus-anhundreds and hundreds (PWMP: *Ratus-an) *RaCus

rawananxious; emotion, tenderness (PMP: *rawan)

regukgulping down (PMP: *re(ŋ)guk)

rimpuŋtied together of the feet (PMP: *rimpuŋ)

ruaŋ-ana spacious room, as a classroom (PWMP: *Ruqaŋ-an) *Ruqaŋ

sakit bulanmenstruation (PWMP: *sakit bulan) *bulaN

samaof one kind; not different; aligned (PWMP: *sama)

sama-samaall of them; equally for both sides (PMP: *sama-sama) *sama

santakpunch, jerk at something (PWMP: *santak)

saŋgahreject, turn back, oppose; protest, have a different view or opinion (PWMP: *saŋgaq)

sawaŋplant used to treat kurap: Cordyline fruticosa (PWMP: *sabaqaŋ)

sawaŋ laŋitspace between earth and sky (PWMP: *sawaŋ₂)

se-beraŋacross; on the other side (PMP: *beraŋ)

se-kilap matamomentary closure of the eyes; a moment (PMP: *kilep)

selaŋbetween; intervening (of time, events, space, etc.) (PWMP: *selaŋ₁)

seŋgak-seŋguksob uncontrollably (PWMP: *seguk)

seŋgukshort broken respiration, as in sobbing (PWMP: *seguk)

sepakkick (forward or to the side) (LOAN)

Bahasa Indonesia (200 / 233)

sepak ragaa game played with a ball woven of rattan, using the foot and head (to keep it aloft) (LOAN)

sesap-anplace where a bird drinks (PWMP: *sepsep-an) *sepsep

siarticle used before personal names (usually regarded as somewhat disrespectful); to highlight the person who executes or is affected by an action (si pengirim ‘the sender’, si penipu ‘the one who was deceived’, etc.); used with the names of various kinds of vegetation, animals, etc. (PAN: *si₁)

sinaw s<əm>inawshining (PWMP: *sinaw)

sisir ~ me-ñisirfollow (the coast, etc.) , walk along the edge of something (PMP: *siDsiD)

solaŋargue with, repudiate, reject, deny (something said) (PWMP: *suleŋ)

suato approach one another, to meet (NOISE)

sulitdifficult, complicated; hidden, kept secret; unclear (PWMP: *sulit₁)

tabuhanlarge wasp that usually nests in trees (PMP: *tabuqan)

tahuunderstand after seeing (witnessing, experiencing, etc.); familiar with; clever, capable; aware; already (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu

takut-takut-aneasily startled; afraid of things; shy; hesitant (PWMP: *takut-an) *takut

tali taliplant with beautiful blossom: Quamaclit pennata (PWMP: *tali tali)

tampuŋreceive and collect together (produce from an area, excess produce, etc.) (PWMP: *tampuŋ)

tanjakstretching upward (of headcloth, sail, etc.), tilting up the tip; to climb; become higher (PWMP: *tazek)

temut-temutmumble (PWMP: *temud)

tər-prefix marking accidental or uncontrolled action (PAN: *taR-)

ter-aŋkatraised, lifted (PWMP: *taR-aŋkat) *aŋkat

ter-halaŋimpeded (to that it cannot go forward or be carried out) (PWMP: *qalaŋ)

ter-kikihgiggle (ROOT)

tər-kilasfleeting, in an instant (PWMP: *kilas)

Bahasa Indonesia (220 / 233)

tər-kulayhanging limply; almost broken but still hanging (of hands, tree branches, etc.), hanging limply (as the ears of dogs, a flag); drooping, as a flower in the heat (Echols and Shadily 1963) (PWMP: *kulay₂)

tər-saŋkut hativery much attached to another person (PWMP: *saŋkut)

ter-tanamalready planted (PWMP: *taR-tanem) *CaNem

tər-tidurto fall asleep unintentionally (tidur ‘sleep’) (PAN: *taR-)

tidak apa apait's nothing, never mind (PWMP: *NEG + apa apa) *apa₁

tipak ~ tepakslap with the palm or the back of the hand (PWMP: *tipak)

tiris-anplace where a leak occurs (PWMP: *tiRis-an) *tiRis

tuŋkuswrapped (as rice in a banana leaf) (PWMP: *tuŋkus)

turundescend (PMP: *tuRun₁)

turun t<əm>urunfrom grandparents to grandchildren (PWMP: *t<um>uRun) *tuRun₁

uakretching; physical nausea (PMP: *uak₂)

untuŋprofit, gain (LOAN)

urisscratch; draw a line (Also Acehnese uréh 'line, scratch') (ROOT)

Bakatan (30) WMP. see: Bekatan

52. Balaesang (47) WMP (Himmelmann 2001) [bls] Indonesia (Sulawesi)

akitraft (PMP: *Rakit)

bawipig (PAN: *babuy₃)

buku usukrib (PAN: *Rusuk)

bulu kireeyebrow (PWMP: *kiray)

dalaŋroad (PMP: *zalan)

do-ruatwo (PMP: *da-duha) *duSa

itawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *ita₁)

ka-kaoscratch (an itch, the body) (PAN: *kaRaw₁)

kompoŋbelly (PWMP: *kempuŋ) *kempeŋ

láiaginger (PMP: *laqia)

lalehousefly (PMP: *lalej)

ma-jaʔatbad, rotten, nasty (PMP: *ma-zaqat) *zaqat

ma-nanoŋto bury (PWMP: *ma-nanem) *CaNem

mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

meki-kitabe seen (PAN: *kita₂) *kita

me-lampato walk (PMP: *lampaq)

miu2pl., you all (PMP: *kamu-yu) *amu

mo-kupugrandchild (PMP: *kempu)

mo-munito hide something (PWMP: *maŋ-buni) *buNi

nimpisthin (object) (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis

Balaesang (20 / 47)

nipaa swamp palm: Nipa fruticans (PMP: *nipaq)

no-nolato fry (PMP: *saŋelaR)

ntomu mesi-to meet, come across (PWMP: *temu₂)

pa-katuto send (PMP: *katu) *kaCu

peitbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC

pe-pituseven (PAN: *pa-pitu) *pitu

pisomachete (PMP: *pisaw)

puputo pick, pluck (PMP: *pupu₁)

ranolake (PAN: *danaw)

ruithorn (PMP: *duRi)

saluriver mouth (PWMP: *saluR)

sambunito hide (PWMP: *sambuni)

s-ami1pl. excl., we (PAN: *ami)

se-sionine (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa

sikuelbow (PAN: *sikux)

sipitnarrow (PAN: *sipit)

s<um>aŋitto weep, to cry (PAN: *C<um>aŋis) *Caŋis

sumpit-anblowgun (PMP: *sumpit)

susubreast (PAN: *susu₁)

suuŋcarry on the head (PAN: *suquN)

Balaesang (40 / 47)

taiexcrement, feces (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi

tanoŋto bury (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem

ta-taŋamiddle, center (PMP: *teŋaq)

tondokfence, hedge (PWMP: *tendek₂)

tooperson (PMP: *tau₁) *Cau

ule saasnake (PMP: *sawa)

upaŋbait (PWMP: *umpan)

Balangao (15) WMP. see: Balangaw

53. Balangaw (15) WMP (Reid 1971) [blw] (Balangao) Philippines [aka: Balangao]

adino, negation of non-nominal expressions (PAN: *adi)

agirelated people of same generation; a "sibling" word (PMP: *huaji) *Suaji

andulong (PWMP: *a(n)duq)

bu-báʔewoman (PPH: *bu-bahi) *bahi

d-itawe (dual incl.) (PAN: *ita₁)

d-ita-wwe (plural incl.) (PAN: *ita₁)

dud-dulawyellow (PPH: *dulaw)

he-nowho? (PAN: *-nu₁)

iápcount; read (PMP: *ihap)

lawɨ'dbetel leaf (PWMP: *Rawed)

-no2sg. minimal postnominal possessor; your (PWMP: *nu₂)

-no2sg possessor and non-subject agent (PAN: *-nu₂)

otʔotto scratch (PWMP: *kutkut₁)

y-adithat (3p) (PMP: *a-di) *-di

y-adithat (demonstrative) (PWMP: *qadi)

Balangingi Samal (1) WMP. see: Samal (Balangingi )

54. Balantak (43) WMP (van den Berg and Busenitz 2012) [blz] Indonesia (Sulawesi)

anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak

apufire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy

atoproof (PMP: *qatep)

bituʔonmoon, month (PAN: *bituqen)

buayacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)

bubutpull out (PMP: *butbut₂) *buCbuC

bunutcoconut husk (PMP: *bunut₁)

duyuŋdugong (PMP: *duyuŋ₂)

ipersonal article (PAN: *i₃)

inumto drink (PMP: *inum)

kaanto eat (PAN: *kaen)

kabusfinished (PMP: *kabus₁)

limahand (PAN: *qa-lima) *lima

ma-polospainful (PMP: *hapejes)

mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mon-sosopto suck (PAN: *sepsep)

mo-tuʔaold (PMP: *ma-tuqah) *tuqaS

naanname (PMP: *ŋajan)

nuurcoconut (PMP: *niuR)

oerattan (PAN: *quay)

Balantak (20 / 43)

oriiʔpole, post (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi

oromimmerse (PAN: *edem₂)

penekto climb (PMP: *panahik)

puputo pick (PMP: *pupu₁)

pupusfinished (PWMP: *puspus₁)

raŋ-gugurto tremble (PWMP: *gurgur₂)

roŋorto hear (PMP: *deŋeR)

roonleaf (PMP: *dahun)

ruatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa

salaʔwrong (PMP: *salaq₁)

tobokto stab (PAN: *tebek)

toluthree (PAN: *telu)

tumpugrandchild (PMP: *ta-umpu) *umpu

tunuto burn (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh

tuurknee (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS

usanrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

utokbrain (PMP: *hutek)

uusto chew (PMP: *ququs)

wakatroot (PMP: *wakat)

wawato carry, bring (PMP: *baba₁)

Balantak (40 / 43)

weerwater (PMP: *wahiR)

wewerlip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR

witiscalf of the leg (PMP: *bities)

55. Bali (Uneapa) (67) OC (Ross n.d. b., Anastasia Vuluku Kaue from Makiri village, courtesy of Hiroko Sato) [bbn] (Uneapa) Papua New Guinea [aka: Uneapa Bali]

borokopig (POC: *boRok) *beRek

bughacrocodile (POC: *puqaya) *buqaya

chiro-chiromooyster (POC: *tiRom) *tiRem

darikisea (PMP: *tasik)

ga-ravievening (POC: *Rapi) *Rabiqi

ga-ravievening (POC: *ka-Rabiqi) *Rabiqi

ghami1pl exclusive subject pronoun (PAN: *k-ami) *ami

ghandoracuscus (POC: *kadoRa) *kandoRa

ghate-liver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay

ghawamouth (POC: *qawa₂)

ghazusmoke (PMP: *qasu₃)

ghita1pl inclusive subject pronoun (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁

ghumatasnake (POC: *mwata)

ghumuŋuearth oven (PMP: *qumun)

ghuzaŋarain (POC: *qusan) *quzaN

ighaŋafish (PEMP: *ikan) *Sikan

izunose (POC: *icuŋ) *ijuŋ

kavulime for betel chew (PAN: *qapuR)

kulubreadfruit (PMP: *kuluR)

lavaratastrong wind and rain (PMP: *habaRat) *SabaRat

Bali (Uneapa) (20 / 67)

limahand (PAN: *qalima)

lo-luakato vomit (PMP: *luaq)

loŋor-ito hear, listen (POC: *roŋoR) *deŋeR

lotosore (POC: *loto₂)

luidugong (POC: *ruyuŋ₂) *duyuŋ₂

lumutumoss, algae (PMP: *lumut)

maito come (POC: *maRi) *aRi

maito come (POC: *mai) *ai₃

manukubird (POC: *manuk)

mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mateto die (POC: *mate) *aCay

maurileft side, left hand (PEMP: *mauRi) *wiRi

mazaghichisick (POC: *masakit) *sakit

mazakacooked; ripe (PEMP: *ma-qosak) *qesak

nanakapus (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq

ndalaŋapath, road (POC: *jalan) *zalan

ŋizaŋawhen? (PMP: *ŋa-ijan) *ijan

ŋorapayesterday (POC: *ñoRap) *ñeRab

pe-liuto turn and go back (PMP: *liu₂)

potumountain (POC: *potu₂) *potu

Bali (Uneapa) (40 / 67)

puro-navel (POC: *pusoc) *pusej

raghidry season (PCEMP: *raki)

raraŋaburned skin (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ

rauŋuleaf (PEMP: *raun) *dahun

robokoto fly (POC: *Ropok) *Rebek

rumakahouse (PAN: *Rumaq)

taŋichito mourn for the dead (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis

tawangaa tree: Pometia pinnata (PMP: *tawan)

te-toluthree (PEMP: *tolu) *telu

toŋoromangrove tree (PMP: *teŋeR)

tuvaplant with root that is pounded and mixed with water to stun fish: Derris elliptica (POC: *tupa₂) *tubah

uratavein (POC: *uRat) *huRaC

vaghorunew (PEMP: *baqoRu) *baqeRuh

vakararoot (POC: *wakaR-a) *wakaR

vaŋan-ito feed (POC: *paŋan-i) *paŋan

vatustone (POC: *patu) *batux

vizito tie (POC: *pisi₁)

vonukufull (of a container) (POC: *ponuq) *peNuq

vulu-vulututree sap (POC: *bulut) *pulut

vunutucoconut husk (POC: *bunut₁)

Bali (Uneapa) (60 / 67)

wagacanoe (POC: *waga) *waŋka

zagharureef (PMP: *sakaRu)

zaghatabad (POC: *saqat) *zaqat

zamanaoutrigger float (POC: *saman) *saRman

zaŋavulukuten (PMP: *sa-ŋa-puluq) *puluq

zurukacoconut milk (POC: *suRuq₁) *zuRuq

zuzufemale breast (PAN: *susu₁)

56. Balinese (1712) WMP (Barber 1979) [ban] (Bali) Indonesia (Java and Bali) (dialects: Low 4, High 5)

-asuffix indicating the third person (singular or plural) as a pronoun expressing the genitive, or the agent of a passive verb, or the direct object of a transitive verb (PMP: *-a₂)

abaŋgutter, drain-pipe, channel (PWMP: *abaŋ₂)

abaŋ-anchannel, groove (PWMP: *abaŋ₂)

a-belahhalf a fathom (from fingertip to center of chest) (PAN: *belaq)

a-bidaŋone page, one sheet (PWMP: *bidaŋ)

abinhold in the lap (PMP: *qabin)

abuashes, earth mixed with ash; cigar-ash; dirt; dust, powder (PMP: *qabu)

abutpull out, pull up; raise (anchor) (PMP: *abut₁)

acarpickles; pickled (not sweet) (LOAN)

adabe, exist; existence, being (Low Balinese) (PMP: *wada)

adanname, appellation; give a name (PMP: *ajan)

adasmint, a sort of herb used in medicine and cooking (PWMP: *hadas)

adas manisaniseed (PWMP: *hadas)

adeksmell, be smelt, follow a scent (PMP: *hajek) *Sajek

adek-insmell this! (PAN: *Sajek-en) *Sajek

adeŋcharcoal, carbon; ashes of a cremated body (PMP: *qajeŋ)

adiyounger sibling; afterbirth, placenta (PMP: *huaji) *Suaji

adi-yaŋbe regarded as or called 'younger brother' (PAN: *Suaji-an) *Suaji

adufighting, duel, quarrel (PWMP: *adu)

aḍuhalas, oh! (pain, grief); address to superiors; illness, groaning (PMP: *aduq)

Balinese (20 / 1712)

agakattitude, manner (LOAN)

agamareligion (LOAN)

agemhold (PWMP: *agem₁)

agukshout (PWMP: *haguk)

ahafig (PMP: *qaRa₁)

ahi, wahiday (PAN: *waRi₁)

ahusan air-current, draught (PMP: *qaRus)

ajaktake with one, take along, invite to do something with one; the verb can only be used to equals or inferiors (iriŋ~ŋiriŋ) must be used for superiors); it implies that one or more persons desires others as individuals (including animals) to do something, to act in some way with the subject or agent (PWMP: *azak)

ajegerect, stand upright (Also Sundanese andeg 'remain standing') (ROOT)

ajimantra, religious formula (allegedly in Sanskrit) (LOAN)

akahroot, tree root (PMP: *akaR)

akahroot, tree root (PMP: *wakaR)

akaklaugh loudly (PMP: *akak)

akaklaugh loudly (PWMP: *hakhak)

akalintend, be intended for; mind, intention (LOAN)

akalmind; intention (LOAN)

aka-ŋolder brother or sister (PWMP: *aka-ŋ) *aka

alahdestroy, defeat, abandon; destruction (PWMP: *alaq₂)

alahbe like, resemble (PWMP: *alaq₃)

alaptake off, pluck (fruit), harvest; take away, abduct; the fruit-harvest (PAN: *alap)

Balinese (40 / 1712)

alap-anthe harvesting of fruit (PWMP: *alap-an) *alap

alasuninhabited land, jungle, forest; desert, wilderness; wild (PMP: *halas) *Salas

alas-anwilderness, inaccessible wild area (PWMP: *halas-an) *Salas

aluiguana (PWMP: *haluh)

alunwave of the sea (PMP: *qalun)

alurcurrent (PMP: *qaluR₂) *qaluR

amaheat (PWMP: *amaq)

amah-anwood eaten into dust (by worms); cooked rice (PWMP: *amaq-an) *amaq

ambahweak, tasteless (e.g., lime for betel) (PMP: *qambaR)

ambaŋhinder, interfere with (PMP: *abaŋ₁)

ambarkind of jewelry; musk civet (LOAN)

ambedstrap, girth (horse) (PWMP: *hambej)

ambedstrap, girth (horse) (PWMP: *qa(m)bej)

ambedstrap, girth (horse) (PWMP: *Ra(m)bej)

ambé-nfront balcony, porch, veranda, gallery (PWMP: *ambiq)

ambeŋkeep watch to prevent people from passing; close a road (PWMP: *hambeŋ)

ambetstrap (PWMP: *ambet)

ambet basaŋsaddle-girth (PWMP: *ambet)

ampaŋlight, easy, not heavy (PWMP: *hampaŋ)

ampasremnants, left-overs; the remains of pressed sugarcane when the juice has been extracted (fed to pigs) (LOAN)

Balinese (60 / 1712)

amperugall, bile (PAN: *qapejux)

ampetstanch, stop the flow (PWMP: *ampet)

ampinbunch (of leaves), bundle, pile, heap (PWMP: *ampin)

ampisthin, worn thin (PWMP: *Rampis)

ampiun, apiunopium (LOAN)

amplastree with hard, rough leaves which are used like sand-paper to smooth down wood (PMP: *qa(m)pelas)

ampukwidely scattered, dispersed (PWMP: *ampuk)

ampunpardon, forgive (PMP: *ampun)

ampuŋharvest rice (ROOT)

ampuraforgive, pardon (NOISE)

amukrave, be furious; attack in fury (PMP: *hamuk)

amuk-amuktumult, great noise; furious, mad rage (PMP: *hamuk)

anakperson, human individual; the word originally meant 'child' as in Malay ...; it is the widest word for 'human being', and needs to be qualified with other nouns or with adjectives to give it content; alone it may even be used with nouns indicating animals (bémasé ento anak 'those goldfish'), and with personal pronouns (PMP: *anak) *aNak

anak anakpeople, persons (as individuals, as opposed to woŋ which = a person or persons as members of a category) (PWMP: *anak anak) *aNak

anak bugisa Buginese (LOAN)

andalevel, degree, stage (NOISE)

añiharvest rice (PMP: *qanih) *qaniS

añi añithe kind of knife traditionally used for cutting rice; the heads are cut off just below the grain, leaving most of the straw standing in the field (PMP: *qanih) *qaniS

aniayatyranny, unjust treatment (LOAN)

antemstrike, hit hard (PWMP: *qantem)

Balinese (80 / 1712)

antiexpect, wait for (NOISE)

antiŋ-antiŋear-pendants (LOAN)

a-nuone, a certain one'; di dina anu 'on a certain day (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁

a-nu-n(preceding a personal name) the one belonging to, that of (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁

aŋenliver, 'heart'; consider, meditate on (LOAN)

aŋethot, warm, tepid (water) (NOISE)

a(ŋ)gutsnatch at something with the mouth, bite at (dog) (ROOT)

aŋinwind (PMP: *haŋin)

aŋin-anbe bloated with wind (PWMP: *haŋin-an) *haŋin

aŋin-aŋinfan (PMP: *haŋin-haŋin) *haŋin

aŋin-aŋin-anempty-headed (PWMP: *haŋin-an) *haŋin

aŋkasbe always just about to do something; be always prevented from doing what one intends (ROOT)

aŋkatset off, march to war, depart (PWMP: *aŋkat)

aŋkebcover(ing), lid, bed-spread, table-cloth (PWMP: *aŋkeb)

aŋkepdouble, fold double (ROOT)

aŋsagoose (LOAN)

aŋsanaspecies of tree (LOAN)

aŋsaŋgills of fish (PMP: *hasaŋ)

aŋsaŋ-angills of fish (PWMP: *hasaŋ-an) *hasaŋ

aŋsekthrong, be close together, push on each other (PMP: *hasek₂)

Balinese (100 / 1712)

aŋsek-aŋbe pushed close together (PMP: *hasek₂)

aŋseŋbreathe (PWMP: *qaseŋ)

aŋseŋ-anbreath, breathing; hot blast of air (PWMP: *qaseŋ)

aŋussmell like burnt rice (PMP: *haŋus₂)

apawhat?; apa is used as an 'empty' word at the beginning or end of a sentence to indicate that the sentence is a question (PMP: *apa₁)

apa apawhatever?; also indefinite pronoun: anything (PMP: *apa apa) *apa₁

apaplevel, flat, even (ROOT)

apemsort of puff-cake (LOAN)

apifire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy

apitplace between two things, shut in on both sides; be between (PMP: *hapit) *Sapit

apit-ana trap; a bet, wager; a sort of claw with which women fasten the warp in the loom (PWMP: *hapit-an) *Sapit

apit-apita split bamboo into which the ribs of the roof run (PWMP: *hapit hapit) *Sapit

apuhlime, chalk (for betel) (PAN: *qapuR)

arakspirit (drink) (LOAN)

artamoney (LOAN)

asalorigin; customary, usual (LOAN)

asatvery thirsty, dried out (PMP: *asat)

asemtamarind; sour, acid (PWMP: *qalesem)

asem-asem-anfruits which taste sour (PWMP: *qalesem)

asepsmoke, give off smoke; the smoke of sacrifice, incense; thick smoke (PWMP: *asep)

Balinese (120 / 1712)

asepsmoke, give off smoke; the smoke of sacrifice, incense; thick smoke (PWMP: *qasep)

asep meñanthe smoke of incense (PWMP: *asep)

asep meñanthe smoke of incense (PWMP: *qasep)

asihlove, like, favor (PMP: *qasiq) High

asilresult, crop, yield (LOAN)

asudog (PAN: *asu₁)

asukgo in, enter (PWMP: *hasuk)

atagspur on, incite, encourage; invite; drive out (PWMP: *atag)

atahyoung, unripe (fruit); green (leaves); not fully cooked (PWMP: *hataq)

atatgreen parrot (LOAN)

atawaeither, or (LOAN)

atehlead away, follow, accompany, escort (Low Bal.) (PMP: *hateD) *SateD

ateh-anexport (PMP: *hateD-an) *SateD

atiliver; mind, soul, heart, desire, will (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay

ati-atidesire passionately (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay

ati-atiname of a magic plant (PMP: *qatay qatay₁)

awakbody; life; the self (PMP: *hawak) *Sawak

awanclouds (PWMP: *hawan)

awanjourney, travel (NOISE)

awaŋ-awaŋair, sky, unlimited space (PMP: *awaŋ)

Balinese (140 / 1712)

awewave the hands, make signs with the hands (PMP: *away₁)

awiperform, carry out, do; compose (writings) (NOISE)

awusthirsty (NOISE)

aya-hfather (refined speech) (PMP: *aya₂)

ayamcock, hen, domestic fowl (PWMP: *qayam₂)

ayaŋcharming, pretty (NOISE)

ayumblock (a passage); set up obstacles (PWMP: *ayum)

ayunto rock, swing (PWMP: *hayun)

ayun-ana swinging cot for a baby; cradle; a swing (PWMP: *hayun)

babadto clear forest; clearing, a cleared space (PWMP: *bajbaj)

babadstomach of an animal (LOAN)

babakscrape, graze (the skin), blister (from walking or working); peel off (skin) (PMP: *bakbak₁)

babak-anbark of a tree (PWMP: *bakbak-an) *bakbak₁

babudomestic servant, maid (LOAN)

bacokstab, pierce (PWMP: *bacuk)

badbaddisentangle, open, clear (PWMP: *bajbaj)

bagahole, gap, groove, ravine; vulva (NOISE)

bagaltoo large, too coarse (basketry, carving) (PMP: *bagal)

bagusbeautiful, handsome (man); title of brahman men (LOAN)

bahaglowing coal, a coal fire (PMP: *baRah)

Balinese (160 / 1712)

bahahswollen and red, inflamed (of a wound) (PAN: *baReq)

bahahswollen and red (as a wound) (NOISE)

bahasgrain, i.e. rice; the uncooked seeds (PMP: *beRas)

bahatheavy; loaded; difficult, burdensome; important (PMP: *beReqat)

bahbahshatter, scatter, fall to pieces; scattered, dispersed (PWMP: *baRbaR)

bahem warakrhinoceros horn (supposed to arouse potency in men) (LOAN)

bahunew; newly, just now (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh

bahukrotten (NOISE)

bakula small basket (PWMP: *bakul₁) *bakul

bakuŋlily (PAN: *bakuŋ₁)

balanweal raised by a blow with a thin stick or lash (PMP: *balan)

balaŋgrasshopper, locust (PWMP: *balalaŋ₁)

balea platform, raised on pillars, with a thatched roof and walls on one or two sides; most houses have more than one of these in the complex, and the life of the family is lived on them ... there are bales also in temples and in public places in buildings (PMP: *balay)

bale paŋguŋa high platform (PWMP: *paŋguŋ)

balesreward, recompense, desserts; to reward, repay, retaliate; respond, reply (to a letter) (PAN: *bales₁)

balimake offerings, sacrifice (NOISE)

balianshaman, healer (many named varieties) (PWMP: *balian)

balikbe wrong way round, be reversed, (come) from the opposite side (PMP: *balik₂)

balik sumpaha great festival of offereings to turn such a curse back on its layer (PWMP: *sumpaq)

balyan m-anak-anmidwife (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak

Balinese (180 / 1712)

banahyam sp. (NOISE)

banidare, to bold, venture (PMP: *baRani)

bantalpillow, cushion; kind of sweets wrapped in young coconut leaves (PWMP: *bantal)

banṭéŋbovine, cow, bull (High Balinese) (LOAN)

bantiŋstrike, throw (PMP: *bantiŋ)

bantiŋstrike, throw (LOAN)

ban-uwater (LOAN)

baŋbaŋhollow place, esp. in a road; pit, grave; den; dig a hole or pit in the ground (PMP: *baŋbaŋ₃)

baŋbaŋspecies of large sea fish (PMP: *baŋbaŋ₅)

baŋesnoisome, unpleasant in smell or taste (PMP: *baŋ(e)qes)

baŋgaboastful, proud; resistant, recalcitrant (LOAN)

baŋkudua tree: Morinda spp. (PWMP: *baŋkudu)

baŋunrise, get up (from bed) (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN

baraŋthing, property, matter (LOAN)

barisstrip, row, rank (ROOT)

basehwash, rinse; wet, damp (PMP: *baseq)

baseh-inbe washed by someone (PWMP: *basaq-en) *baseq

batesborder, boundary, limit (PWMP: *bates)

bates-inbe limited (PWMP: *bates)

baṭikbatik cloth (PWMP: *batik₁)

Balinese (200 / 1712)

batisfoot, leg (PWMP: *baties)

batu-n butuhtesticles (PMP: *batu) *batux

bawipig, boar (PAN: *babuy₃)

bayarrelease from a debt, pay a debt (PMP: *bayaD)

béapayment for work; payment for a religious festival; customs-duty, toll; cost, expense (LOAN)

bebeda tight band or ring round the waist; having a tie round it; born with a dark ring round the belly (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej

bébéka water-fowl (LOAN)

bebek, bekbekpowdered herbs or spices; powder; grit (PMP: *bekbek₁)

bébék aŋsaswan bébék doloŋgoose bébék mameriduck (LOAN)

bebelstump; shoot of a plant; a blockhead; dull, blunt; unintelligible (PMP: *belbel₁)

bebeŋdam, dike, closure (PWMP: *beŋbeŋ) *beŋbeŋ₁

bedwind round, tie round (PWMP: *embej)

bedwind round, tie round (Also ebed 'wrapped up, wrapped about') (ROOT)

bédadifferent; difference (LOAN)

bedbedtie, bandage, wrap a cloth round (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej

bedbed-aŋbe tied around something, be wrapped around something (PWMP: *bejbej-an) *bejbej

beḍilgun, firearm (LOAN)

beḍil-beḍil-anplay at shooting (LOAN)

beḍuglarge heavy drum, such as is used in mosques (LOAN)

bedugape, large monkey (LOAN)

Balinese (220 / 1712)

begbegstout, stocky (person) (NOISE)

béhéŋhave swollen lips (PWMP: *biRiŋ₂)

bekelmoney or provisions for a journey; livelihood (PWMP: *bekel)

bekel-aŋbe given provisions or money (PWMP: *bekel)

bélasacrifice; support, help, stand by someone; look after, care for; commit sati, die on a husband's funeral pyre, kill oneself as a sign of loyalty (LOAN)

belah(noun) crack, split, break, half; (adj.) half (PAN: *belaq)

belah-anfragment, fraction, piece (PAN: *belaq)

béla matisacrifice one's life for someone (LOAN)

belantiktiger-trap (PWMP: *bala(n)tik)

belaŋspeckled, spotted (PMP: *belaŋ₂)

belaŋ buŋkema spotted dog with black mouth (PMP: *belaŋ₂)

belassever, separate, part from, divorce; wean (a child) (NOISE)

belatcleft, space between, border, limit; to limit, set a limit to (PMP: *belat₁)

belatuksp. of woodpecker (PMP: *balalatuk) *balalaCuk

belatukspecies of woodpecker (PWMP: *belatuk)

belibuy (PMP: *beli)

beli-aŋbe bought for someone (PWMP: *beli-an) *beli

belidaweaver's beam (PMP: *balija) *baRija

beli-nwas bought by (PWMP: *beli-en) *beli

beliŋbiŋspecies of fruit which grows on trees (PWMP: *baliŋbiŋ)

Balinese (240 / 1712)

belua species of long grass (NOISE)

b-el-usbusstream out, come out together (many people) (PMP: *busbus)

benariver-mouth, estuary (PMP: *bena)

benalstrike, whip, beat (PWMP: *benal)

benal-inbe beaten, whipped (PWMP: *benal)

benaŋthread, very thin string, sewing-thread (PWMP: *benaŋ)

benbenbe filled full (as a beehive full of larvae) (PWMP: *benben₁)

bencahwreck, break in pieces; perish, piece, fragment (ROOT)

benehright, correct; just, true, sincere (PMP: *bener)

beneh-inbe put right, be repaired (PMP: *bener)

bentisbe slightly swollen (PWMP: *bentis)

bentukshape, form; curve (PMP: *bentuk)

beŋaŋopen, spacious (PMP: *beŋaŋ₃)

beŋaŋ-aŋbe made open, be cleared (PMP: *beŋaŋ₃)

beŋernot make a great effort to hear (PWMP: *beŋeR)

beŋkekbe short, stumpy; be low (voice), not loud (PWMP: *beŋkek)

béŋkotcrooked (wood); bent, as a person under a load (PMP: *bikut)

beŋkuhbent, crooked (PMP: *beŋkuq)

beŋkukcrooked, bent (PMP: *bekuk)

beŋkuk-beŋkukwalk in a very bent attitude (PMP: *bekuk)

Balinese (260 / 1712)

berberflutter, flap (PMP: *berber₁)

bersih, bresihclean, pure (LOAN)

berudscratch, graze, peeling of skin (ROOT)

besahwash with the hands (PMP: *besaq)

besah-anlaundry; manner of washing (PMP: *besaq)

besaranspecies of mulberry tree, sycamine tree (NOISE)

besehswell (parts of the body); swollenness. (NOISE)

besiiron (LOAN)

biasausual, ordinary; usually (LOAN)

biasah-aŋget accustomed to (LOAN)

bibihlip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR

bibihedge, border, margin (PMP: *birbir₁)

bibih-aŋ, bibih-inbe left as a margin (PMP: *birbir₁)

bibitseed, seedling; germ, bacteria (LOAN)

bibit-anseed, seedlings ready for transplanting; fresh vaccine (LOAN)

bibit cukitvaccine (smallpox) (LOAN)

bidaŋpage of a book, sheet of paper; classifier for flat, thin things (PWMP: *bidaŋ)

bidaŋ-anpage; a copy of a book (PWMP: *bidaŋ)

bihiŋred (fowl) (PMP: *biRiŋ₁)

bikakaŋbe straddled (PWMP: *bikaŋkaŋ)

Balinese (280 / 1712)

bikasbehavior, manner, fashion, action; behave, act (PWMP: *bikas)

biketscar, mark of a wound (NEAR)

bilabhil tree: a species of mango (PMP: *bila₁)

bilaŋevery, each; to count, reckon (PAN: *bilaŋ₁)

bilukswing about, turn (PMP: *biluk)

binihseed rice; rice-seedling; plant (PMP: *binehiq) *bineSiq

binih-anseed for sowing (PMP: *binehiq) *bineSiq

bintaŋstar (LOAN)

bintenutree sp. (PWMP: *bintenu)

biŋkihgasp, pant, sigh (ROOT)

biŋuŋenraged, distracted, perplexed, confused, mad (LOAN)

biŋuŋenraged, distracted, perplexed, confused, mad (NOISE)

birahilove (LOAN)

biri-birisheep (LOAN)

birudark blue (LOAN)

bisabe able because one has knowledge or skill (LOAN)

bisikto whisper (PWMP: *bisik₃)

bisudumb, stupid (LOAN)

bisululcer, have an ulcer (PMP: *bisul)

bocorleak, be leaky; have diuresis (LOAN)

Balinese (300 / 1712)

bodomad, insane (LOAN)

bok-bok-anfalse hair (PWMP: *buhek buhek-an) *bukeS

bok-ingrow hair, become hairy (PWMP: *buhek-en) *bukeS

bokormetal dish on feet, small tray (LOAN)

bolaball (LOAN)

boŋkahopen, be opened (PWMP: *bukaq)

boŋkakproud (LOAN)

boŋoldeaf; deafness (PWMP: *buŋul)

boŋol-boŋol-ansomewhat deaf (PWMP: *buŋul)

boroŋmake a contract, contract for (LOAN)

boroŋ-ancontract, legal arrangement (LOAN)

bosokrotted, mouldy, rotten (PMP: *busuk)

buahfruit, product; esp. betel-nut (PMP: *buaq)

buah-buah-anfruit (PMP: *buaq)

buah caturset of chess-men (PMP: *buaq)

buatthing, matter, subject; necessary, needed; bet, wager (PMP: *buhat₂)

buatcarry, bear, have a loan (PMP: *buhat₃)

buat-anbe wagered (money) (PMP: *buhat₂)

buat-anload, burden (PMP: *buhat-an₁) *buhat₃

buat-aŋregard as important, pay attention to, emphasize, regard as necessary (PMP: *buhat-an₂) *buhat₂

Balinese (320 / 1712)

buat-inbe bet, be wagered (money) (PMP: *buhat₂)

buat-inbe loaded (PMP: *buhat₃)

buat-né(its matter) concerning, about, for (PMP: *buhat₂)

bubufish trap woven of bamboo (PAN: *bubu₂)

bubudput in a hole, plant seedlings (PWMP: *bubud)

bubud-inbe planted (PWMP: *bubud)

bubuhgruel, pap, porridge (PMP: *buRbuR₁)

bubukweevil, grub (in wood); powder, dust from sawn wood or bamboo; the pith of bamboo (PMP: *bukbuk₃)

bubululcer, callus on hand or foot (PWMP: *bubul)

bubul-aŋulcerated (PWMP: *bubul)

bubuŋbare mountain-top (not forested); a clearing in a wood; rock, cliff, long ridge (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)

bucekspoilt, bad (PWMP: *bucek)

budbudput in a hole, plant seedlings (PMP: *budbud₁)

budidesire, wish, hope (LOAN)

buduhmad, foolish, senseless; madman; besotted over, madlyfond of buduh-an fiance'e; foolishness, madness buduh-buduh-an confused In mind; madhouse (LOAN)

bugiskind of sweetmeat (LOAN)

buhuchase, drive away, hunt (NOISE)

buhukworn out, drab, bald, in a tumbledown state (PAN: *buRuk)

buhuk-anworn-out clothes (PAN: *buRuk)

buhuk-aŋbe worn continuously (PAN: *buRuk)

Balinese (340 / 1712)

buhusslip away, get away (PWMP: *burus₁)

buhusslip away, get away (ROOT)

buiprison (LOAN)

buinagain, still, further, more (NOISE)

buin manieven tomorrow (NOISE)

buin pidanlater, afterwards (NOISE)

bukaopening, beginning; be opened (PMP: *buka)

bukbukto batter, pound (PMP: *bukbuk₂)

bukbukheap, pile (NOISE)

buketthick coconut cream (PMP: *buket)

buktifood, enjoyment, advantage, profit, increase, right of ownership, condition, honor; eat; to prove (LOAN)

bukusection of bamboo between two joints; joint of a finger or toe; a part; a word in a sentence (PMP: *bukuh)

bulanmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN

bulan-anperiod of months, pregnancy (PWMP: *bulan-an) *bulaN

bulan ka-paŋaneclipse (lit. 'the moon is eaten') (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN

bulaŋput a tie round something; put a girdle round the waist-cloth (women); thread used to tie the steel spurs to a cock's foot (PWMP: *bulaŋ)

bulaŋ-aŋbe girded (PWMP: *bulaŋ)

bulihrice-seedling; rice-stalk; catkin (PMP: *buliR)

buluhair (man, animal), feather (bird) (PMP: *bulu₁)

buluhreed, a thin pliable bamboo; barrel of a gun; the glass chimney of a lamp (PAN: *buluq₂)

Balinese (360 / 1712)

bulu-nthe feathers of (PMP: *bulu-n) *bulu₁

bulu-n-inbe provided with hairs (PWMP: *bulu-en) *bulu₁

bulu-n mataeyelash (PMP: *bulu ni mata) *bulu₁

bulu-n merakpeacock feather (PMP: *bulu-n) *bulu₁

bunbun-anthe front of the skull (PWMP: *bunbun-an₁) *buNbuN

bunciŋbride, bridegroom, bridal pair (LOAN)

bunciŋbride, bridegroom, bridal pair (NOISE)

bunciŋ-aŋbe brought together in marriage by the parents (LOAN)

bunciŋ-aŋbe brought together in marriage by the parents (NOISE)

buncisbeans (LOAN)

bunispecies of small sour fruit, growing in clusters; the tree on which this fruit grows (PWMP: *buRnay)

buntasdisperse (a gathering) (PWMP: *butas₁)

buntas-aŋbe made to disperse (PWMP: *butas₁)

buntehto circle, go round; round cage or basket for a cock (PMP: *bunteR)

buntilknot; wrap in something; pack; involve in (PWMP: *buntil)

buntil-ana package of cakes or meat (PWMP: *buntil)

buntuttail (PMP: *buntut₁) *buntut

bunutthe wild fig tree (PWMP: *bunut₂)

buŋaflower; interest, rent (PMP: *buŋa)

buŋa-buŋah-anmany kinds of flowers (PMP: *buŋa)

Balinese (380 / 1712)

buŋah-aŋbe adorned with flowers, have a flower behind one's ear (PMP: *buŋa)

buŋa-n asepflowers of smoke = incense (PMP: *buŋa)

buŋa-n kahaŋsea-weed (PMP: *buŋa na batu) *buŋa

buŋbuŋa length of bamboo from below one knot to just below the next, used as a container; quiver for arrows (PWMP: *buŋbuŋ₁)

buŋbuŋ-ancontainer, money-box (PWMP: *buŋbuŋ₁)

buŋbuŋ-inbe put in a bamboo cylinder (PWMP: *buŋbuŋ₁)

buŋkahopen turn upside-down, expose, uncover (PWMP: *bukaq)

buŋkalturn over, open (PWMP: *buŋkal)

buŋkembe firmly closed (lips); keep silence (PWMP: *buŋkem)

buŋkemfirmly closed (lips) (Also Sundanese buŋkem 'blindfold, bind the mouth') (ROOT)

buŋkukbend over with age or illness; be bent by a heavy burden (PMP: *buŋkuk)

buŋkulknob, ball; classifier, esp. for big things (PMP: *buŋkul)

buŋkul-anround thing, pellet, particle (PWMP: *buŋkul-an) *buŋkul

buŋkuŋring, finger-ring; ring on a staff or handle (PWMP: *buqekuŋ)

buŋkusbundle, pack wrapped in cloth; an egg in which the chick has died (PWMP: *buŋkus)

buŋkus-anbale, parcel, package (PWMP: *buŋkus)

buŋkutbent over, bowed down with age, or by a weight; the man in the moon (PMP: *bukut)

buŋutmouth, beak, snout (PWMP: *buŋut)

burburscatter, throw down in confusion (NOISE)

burbur-anconfusion, dispersion (NOISE)

Balinese (400 / 1712)

buriback, backside (NOISE)

burikmottled, speckled, pocked (PWMP: *burik)

buritbackside, behind, back (PMP: *burit₁)

burit-anstern (ship) (PMP: *burit₁)

buruto hunt, to chase (LOAN)

busbusstream out in crowds; take away, slip away (PMP: *busbus)

busuŋdropsy, swollen belly; enlarged, pregnant (PWMP: *busuŋ)

butablind; blindness (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa

butaevil spirit, esp. those haunting burial places (LOAN)

buta kalademon (LOAN)

butbut, bubutpull out, pluck, extract (PMP: *butbut₂) *buCbuC

butuhtesticle; scrotum (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq

buyutgreat-great grandfather and great-great grandchild (the sixth stage in genealogy, up and down) (LOAN)

bwayacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)

cakepenclose, shut in tightly (ROOT)

cakep-ana Balinese book, written on palm leaves and enclosed between two boards (PWMP: *cakep)

cakep-aŋto cause to be enclosed, be shut in by someone (PWMP: *cakep)

campuhmix, mingle (NEAR)

campurmix; have sexual or other intercourse; unclean, ceremoniallyimpure, not be able to enter a temple (usually because of menstruation) (NEAR)

cegukto make the sound ‘guk’ (PWMP: *ceguk)

Balinese (420 / 1712)

cegutbite, gnaw (ROOT)

cekcekgecko, lizard (PWMP: *cekcek)

celebdip in water, baptize (PMP: *celeb)

celebdip in water, baptize (ROOT)

celukbay, bight (PWMP: *celuk)

cemerceremonially unclean (LOAN)

ceŋikmake a mournful sound: ŋik (ROOT)

ceŋkaŋspan (tip of the first finger to thumb) (ROOT)

cikupenclose, hold together (ROOT)

cukcukpick up with the beak; poke repeatedly, peck at (PMP: *cukcuk)

cukupto close (umbrella, book) (PWMP: *cu(ŋ)kup)

cukupto be complete, be enough (LOAN)

cuŋkubone of the places where offerings are made, worship offered (PWMP: *cuŋkub)

cupitnarrow (space) (PWMP: *cupit)

dadachest, breast (PWMP: *dahdah) *daSdaS High

da-dalih-anopinion (expressed or thought), accusation (PWMP: *dalih-an) *dalih

da-dalua flying white ant (PMP: *dalu₁)

dagiŋmeat, flesh; contents, what is in (LOAN)

dagiŋ-inbe contained in, be filled with (LOAN)

dahamaid, virgin; virginal, not having borne fruit (PMP: *daRa₂)

Balinese (440 / 1712)

dahatdry land, shore (PMP: *daRat)

daha twaold maid (PMP: *daRa₂)

dakep-abe arrested (PAN: *dakep)

dakep-dakeptry several times to catch a fly (PAN: *dakep)

dakidust, dregs, dirt, mud; dirty, muddy (PMP: *daki)

daki-n limaexhaustion (PMP: *daki)

dakitput very close (PMP: *dakit)

dalemdeep, as the sea; the deep (sea); respect, regard; king (PMP: *dalem)

dalem-aŋbe made deep (PMP: *dalem)

dalitglue, paste, plaster, caulking (PMP: *dalit₁)

damuhdew (PWMP: *dahemuR)

daŋananhilt of a kris (PWMP: *daŋanan)

daŋdaŋcopper pot, kettle (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ

daŋseknear, be in a crowd (PWMP: *da(ŋ)sek)

ḍapḍapa species of shade tree (PMP: *dapdap₁)

dataflat, level; all (PAN: *dataR)

datah-aŋbe made completely level; be treated all alike (PAN: *dataR)

dateŋ-anguest (PWMP: *dateŋ-an) *dateŋ

ḍatuking, chief (an archaic form of ratu) (PMP: *datu)

dayuŋoar (LOAN)

Balinese (460 / 1712)

dayuŋ-aŋto be rowed for, be caused to row (LOAN)

ḍekḍek(of rice), grind very fine (PMP: *dekdek) *dekdek₁

dekemhold firmly, hold fast to (ROOT)

deketunite, stick to, be close to; close (a wound) (PMP: *deket₁) *dekeC

deket-aŋbe brought together, be united (PMP: *deket₁) *dekeC

deket-inbe stuck to by something (PWMP: *deket-en) *dekeC

dekuklower a horse's head (PMP: *dekuk)

demdemjet black, shining (black hair) (PAN: *demdem₂)

deŋdeŋ ~ deŋdeŋdry in the sun (LOAN)

deŋkulknee (PWMP: *deŋkul)

depafathom (measure = distance from fingertip to fingertip of both outstretched arms) (PAN: *depah)

depa-hinto be measured with the outstretched arms (PWMP: *depa-en) *depah

derephelp with the rice-harvest in return for a share of the crop (PWMP: *deRep)

deseknear, forward; pressed together, crowded (PWMP: *desek₁)

dewa-saksihave a god as witness, swear an oath in a temple (LOAN)

dipreposition: in, on, at (PAN: *di)

didihto froth, foam, bubble; scum, froth, rice water, skin floating on oil (PMP: *diqdiq)

dihiself, person (said to be 'the true Balinese form of the commoner diri', the latter borrowed from Javanese) (LOAN)

dilahflame, blaze (PMP: *dilaq₁)

dilapto spread, of flames; to lick (of the tongue or of flames) (PWMP: *dilap₂)

Balinese (480 / 1712)

diŋdiŋpartition-wall, screen of woven bamboo (PMP: *diŋdiŋ₁)

diŋdíŋ-anbe partitioned (PMP: *diŋdiŋ₁)

diŋehhear (PMP: *diŋeR)

diŋincold, very cold (PMP: *diŋin)

diŋin-diŋina climbing plant which flowers during the cool season (PMP: *diŋin)

diŋkelcrooked, bent over (Also Old Javanese riŋkel 'curled up (falling, lying)') (ROOT)

dolsale (< Javanese) (LOAN)

donleaf (PMP: *dahun)

don-an ~ dahun-anleaves used as plates (PMP: *dahun)

dondonfoliage (PMP: *dahun)

don-donfoliage (PMP: *dahun-dahun) *dahun

don-donn-anleaves of many kinds, gathered to be eaten as vegetables (PMP: *dahun)

duatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa

d-uluuphill from (PMP: *di qulu) *quluh

d<um>ahabe still a virgin (PWMP: *d<um>aRa) *daRa₂

d<um>ilahto flame, flare up (PMP: *d<um>ilaq) *dilaq₁

duŋkaŋstep, stride, step over, take a big step (ROOT)

ḍuyuŋa species of sea fish (PMP: *duyuŋ₂)

dwa-ŋ-dasatwenty (PMP: *ŋa)

ebedwrapped up, wrapped about (PWMP: *embej)

Balinese (500 / 1712)

ebukdust, powder (PMP: *ebuk)

ebukdust, powder (PMP: *rebuk)

ebukdust, powder (ROOT)

ebutpull up (weeds), draw out (PMP: *hebut) *SebuC

edaparticle marking a negative imperative: do not (PWMP: *enda)

eḍemrest, be at rest, sleep (PWMP: *qendem)

ehesshrunken, dwindled, made lower; fallen in (burnt roof) (PMP: *eRes)

ejanladder (PMP: *haRezan)

elarwing of a bird (PMP: *qelad₂)

eledswallow down (PWMP: *qeled)

eleshard inner wood of trees (NOISE)

elethire, rent (PMP: *elet₁)

eliŋweep, wail; crying, weeping (PMP: *eliŋ)

elukcurve, bend; bend in a kris blade (PWMP: *qeluk)

(e)lukcurve, bend; wave in a kris-blade (ROOT)

emasgold (LOAN)

embahtake, be taken (PWMP: *embaq)

embancarry a child; rear, bring up (a child) (PMP: *heban) *SebaN

embedband or ring which firmly closes something (PWMP: *embej)

embedband or ring which firmly encloses something (ROOT)

Balinese (520 / 1712)

embékbleat like a calf or lamb (LOAN)

embuŋyoung bamboo shoots, eaten as a vegetable (PMP: *rebuŋ)

emegstill wet, damp (as greens just picked) (PWMP: *emeg)

emisdirty, covered with dirt, untidy (house, compound) (LOAN)

empakbreak, break off of itself (e.g. a branch) (PWMP: *epak)

empakbreak, break off of itself (as a branch) (PWMP: *hepak)

empakbreak, break off of itself (e.g. a branch) (ROOT)

empanbait; to bait, feed (PAN: *paen)

empan-inbe fed, be baited (PAN: *paen)

empatfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat

empat-anfourth, quarter (PWMP: *epat-an) *Sepat

empeldam a stream, make a fishpond (ROOT)

empeŋmake confused sounds, be noisy, have a humming or roaring in the ears (PMP: *epeŋ)

empespress, apply pressure (NOISE)

empetclose off, pinch, stuff full, obstruct, shut, lock (ROOT)

empupandit, scholar, craftsman; carpenter (PMP: *empu)

emuhave the mouth full without swallowing (PMP: *emuR)

énakbe pleasant (taste, smell), enjoyable (LOAN)

enapcease, fall (wind), leave off (NOISE)

encika call to a male Chinese (LOAN)

Balinese (540 / 1712)

encitdiarrhoea (ROOT)

endaŋstopping of the rain (PWMP: *endaŋ)

endaŋ-endaŋ-edry season (PWMP: *endaŋ endaŋ) *endaŋ

enebroof, top of a house (PMP: *qeneb₁) *qeNeb₁

enemsix (PAN: *enem)

eneŋsilent, at rest, still (PMP: *qeneŋ)

enjektread on (ROOT)

enjektread on, stand on, stamp on (NOISE)

entalpalm-tree (NOISE)

entebcut off, prune, top (trees), poll (PWMP: *eteb)

entebcut off, prune, to top (trees), poll (ROOT)

entelthick, close, dense, solid (PMP: *etel)

entel-incrammed, stuffed (PMP: *etel)

entipcrust of rice stuck on the bottom of a pan (PWMP: *etip)

entutfart (PMP: *qetut)

eŋkablift up, open something by lifting a lid (PWMP: *e(ŋ)kab)

eŋkahbreathe out through the mouth (PWMP: *eŋkaq)

eŋkak-eŋkaklament continually (PWMP: *eŋkak-eŋkak) *e(ŋ)kak

eŋkebhide, keep secret (PMP: *e(ŋ)keb)

eŋketbird-lime, sticky stuff, sap of trees (PWMP: *eket)

Balinese (560 / 1712)

eŋketbird-lime, sticky stuff, the sap of trees (ROOT)

eŋkiksound sad (PMP: *e(ŋ)kik)

eŋkiksound sad (PWMP: *re(ŋ)kik)

eŋkiksound sad (ROOT)

eŋkik eŋkirspecies of bird which has a mournful cry (PMP: *e(ŋ)kik)

eŋkik eŋkirsp. of bird which has a mournful cry (PWMP: *re(ŋ)kik)

eŋkik eŋkirsp. of bird which has a mournful cry (ROOT)

éŋkolrest the hand on the body with bent arm; an arm thus bent; form a corner, an angle (PWMP: *iŋkul)

eŋkukthe rise and fall of the voice of the dove (PMP: *ekuk)

éraŋashamed, blush; be angry (PWMP: *iraŋ₁)

eremat rest, lie down (PWMP: *qerem)

eṭikknock, tap, rap (ROOT)

gaḍaŋgreen (with assimilation of the last vowel?) (LOAN)

gaḍuŋthorn apple (a kind of tuber); the root intoxicates when eaten (PWMP: *gaduŋ)

gagahto rape a woman (NEAR)

gagah-anrape (NEAR)

gagakcrow (bird) (PWMP: *gakgak)

gahukscrape, scratch with the fingers (PMP: *gaRuk)

gambirthe name of a species of bushy plant (LOAN)

gaŋsiŋtop (toy) (PWMP: *gasiŋ)

Balinese (580 / 1712)

gasgasitch, itching; to scratch (cat, etc.) (PMP: *gasgas)

gatahgum (used in medicine) (PWMP: *gateq)

gatah kayuresin, gum from trees (PWMP: *gateq)

gatelhave an itch; also used of sexual desire (PMP: *gatel) *gaCel

gelapdark (PWMP: *gelap₂)

gemelclenched fist (PAN: *gemel)

gəmgəmsqueeze between two things (PAN: *gemgem)

genepeven (number), full, complete (PWMP: *genep)

gerahfever (PWMP: *geraq)

gereŋhum (of a crowd), roar (NEAR)

geritscour, scrub (PMP: *gerit) *geriC

getikmake a knocking sound (t for expected ṭ) (ROOT)

gilarevulsion, horror; repelled by something (PMP: *gila)

gilahorror, revulsion (PMP: *gila)

gilapshine, beam, gleam; a shine, a coat of varnish (PMP: *gilap)

gilgiltremble with cold (PMP: *gigil)

gilgil-gilgiltremble with old age; tremble over the whole body (PMP: *gigil)

gintilpimple, lump on the skin (PMP: *gintil)

gisgisscratch with the nails (PAN: *gisgis₁)

gulemcloud (ROOT)

Balinese (600 / 1712)

guntiŋscissors (LOAN)

guwama disease of the mouth in children; quinsy (PMP: *guham) *guSam

habutpull out, pull up, raise anchor (PMP: *Rabut) *RabuC

ha-depaone fathom (PAN: *depah)

ha-dolto sell (intr.) (LOAN)

ha-gemela fistful (PAN: *gemel)

ha-kikita little (PMP: *kikit)

hakityoke, pair (oxen); be paired (PMP: *Rakit)

hakit-hakit-anbe paired off, be married off (PWMP: *Rakit-an) *Rakit

halaŋto thwart, prevent, hinder (PWMP: *qalaŋ)

halaŋ-anobstacle, hindrance; across, athwart (PWMP: *qalaŋ)

halaŋ-inbe prevented (PWMP: *qalaŋ)

halunwave of the sea (PMP: *qalun)

hambuncloud (PMP: *Rabun)

hambun-ana cloud of smoke; smoke (PMP: *Rabun)

hambun-aŋbe lifted into the clouds (PMP: *Rabun)

hañithe warp in the loom (PAN: *qaNi)

ha-pasaŋone pair (PMP: *pasaŋ₁)

hapusto deceive, cheat; deceit, cunning, cheating (PMP: *Rapus)

harepbe in front, put in front; prefer; to face (PMP: *qadep)

Balinese (620 / 1712)

harep-anbefore, in front of; before, in the presence of (PMP: *qadep)

ha-sikione; classifier (general) (NOISE)

hastaarm, hand, forearm; cubit, ell (LOAN)

hasta ginahandiwork (LOAN)

hasuk-inbe made to go in, be put in (PWMP: *hasuk)

hatushundred (occurs only in compounds, as telu-ŋ-hatus ‘300’) (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus

hayabig, large, extremely large (PAN: *Raya)

hayunto rock, swing (PWMP: *ayun)

hayun-ana swinging cot for a baby, cradle; a swing (PWMP: *ayun)

hayun-hayunsit on a swing, swing for pleasure (PWMP: *ayun)

henekbe silent (PWMP: *Renek)

humahhouse, the complex containing the usual group of buildings (stone house, open platform with thatched roof for daily activity, rice-store, kitchen, pig-sty and house shrine) (PAN: *Rumaq)

humah-inbe housed, dwell (PAN: *Rumaq)

huŋkurbehind, afterwards, later (LOAN)

huriplife; live (PAN: *qudip₁) *qudip

husukthe sharp edge or protruding point of something (PAN: *Rusuk)

husuk-husuk-anthe protruding ends of the beams of a roof (PAN: *Rusuk)

hyaŋdeity; also used of priests, hermits, scholars (who are identified with various deities) (PWMP: *qiaŋ)

ia particle which makes nouns refer to definite persons (PAN: *i₃)

ia3sg. and pl. (PAN: *ia₁)

Balinese (640 / 1712)

i anuSo-and-So, an unknown and unnamed person (PWMP: *i-anu, si-anu) *-nu₁

ibabody, self (PWMP: *iba₁)

iba-ibaalone (PWMP: *iba₁)

ibumother (LOAN)

ibus, ibus-anleaf of the palm tree (PWMP: *ibus₁)

idahe, she, they; this is the pronoun for ksatriyas and brahmanas (PMP: *ida)

iḍamhave odd wishes in the way of food (pregnant women) (PWMP: *qidam)

ida-nof him, of her (PMP: *ida)

iḍemclose the eyes (PWMP: *qidem)

iḍemclose the eyes (PWMP: *qi(n)dem)

ijinpermission (LOAN)

ikettie, bind; kind of expensive cloth in which the threads of the warp or the weft are tied off at various places, so that they can be dyed in different colors (PMP: *hiket) *Siket

ikiklaugh loudly (not so loudly as akak) (PWMP: *hikhik)

ikiklaugh loudly (not so loudly as akak) (PWMP: *qi(ŋ)kik)

ikuhtail (PAN: *ikuR)

iliŋsee, look (PWMP: *hiliŋ)

iliŋsee, look (PWMP: *iliŋ₂)

iluttwist, turn (ROOT)

imbaŋcompare (PMP: *imbaŋ)

imbuhadd, increase, be heaped up (PWMP: *imbuq)

Balinese (660 / 1712)

impi, ipia dream (PMP: *hipi) *Sipi

impunsp. of small sea fish (PMP: *hipun₁)

inamother (animals) (PMP: *ina)

ina limathumb (PMP: *ina ni lima) *ina

indikaction, behavior; matter, thing, topic (of speech) (NOISE)

ineblock, shut up, keep closed (PAN: *qiNeb)

inemto drink (High Balinese; = inum in Low Balinese) (PWMP: *inem)

inepstay overnight (PAN: *qinep)

injektread, tread on (ROOT)

intewatch over, chaperone, spy on (PWMP: *hintay)

intendiamond (LOAN)

intipwatch unobtrusively; peep over a wall (LOAN)

intukstamp, grind, pulverize (ROOT)

iŋehmake a monotonous sound, sound always the same (PWMP: *qiŋeR)

iŋetremember, think about, come to one's self, awaken (PWMP: *iŋet)

iŋet-anmemory, remembrance; memorial (PWMP: *iŋat-an) *iŋat

iŋet-iŋetunawares (PWMP: *iŋat-iŋat) *iŋat

iŋsahwash rice, put through water (NOISE)

ipahWB, HB, WZ, HBW (PMP: *hipaR₁) *hipaR

Balinese (680 / 1712)

iriŋaccompany, follow a superior (PMP: *iriŋ₁)

iriscut, carve, make incisions; tap the sap of trees (PMP: *qiris)

iruŋnose (PMP: *ijuŋ)

isepsuck, drink in (PMP: *qisep)

isep-ansugarcane (PWMP: *qisep-an) *qisep

isicontain, be contained in, be filled with; contents, filling, kernel (nut), produce (of a field or garden); flesh (as opposed to fat and bone) (PAN: *isi₅)

isobelly, entrails (of animals) (PWMP: *isaw)

itemblack (PMP: *qitem)

iuŋbe in commotion (country), be unrestful; (PWMP: *iuŋ)

iusexhalation (PWMP: *hius)

jahatbad, immoral, nasty (conduct) (PMP: *zaqat)

jahitsew, do needlework, stitch (PMP: *zaqit)

jahumsewing needle (PAN: *zaRum)

jahum panabokanan awl (PAN: *zaRum)

jakan-awas cooked, was prepared as food (PMP: *zakan)

jalango, walk, travel, proceed; path, road, street, way (PMP: *zalan)

jaŋkutembrace, take in one's arms (PAN: *za(ŋ)kuC)

japitpinch (PWMP: *zapit)

jariji ~ jerijifinger (LOAN)

jariŋnet; fishing net; net for birds (PMP: *zariŋ)

Balinese (700 / 1712)

jariŋ burona net for wild animals (PMP: *zariŋ)

jariŋ-jariŋspider web (PMP: *zariŋ)

jatiteak (LOAN)

jawamillet (PAN: *zawa₂)

jegjegstand up properly (written letters); stand upright (the horns of a bovine) (PWMP: *zegzeg)

jehet ~ jahetsnare, trap for birds (PWMP: *zeRet)

jejegstand bolt upright, stand up straight (PWMP: *zegzeg)

jemakpick up, take, seize, stretch out a hand for something, grasp (PMP: *zemak)

jeŋatput on a sour face; speak sternly, bitingly (ROOT)

jeŋkuknee, kneel (<*-ku) (ROOT)

jileŋsquint, be cross-eyed (PWMP: *zeliŋ)

jukuŋcanoe, dugout (LOAN)

junjuŋcarry on the head (PWMP: *zuŋzuŋ)

juŋjuŋto praise highly, flatter (PWMP: *zuŋzuŋ)

kato; go to; at (PAN: *ka₃)

ka-alahdestroy, defeat (PWMP: *ka-alaq) *alaq₂

ka-asihsaid of newly-married persons (PMP: *ka-qasiq) *qasiq

kabihbe supported (PWMP: *kabiR)

kakawaspider (PWMP: *kakawa₁)

kakawa hembuŋgiant spider (PWMP: *kakawa₁)

Balinese (720 / 1712)

kakeblie forward, slope forward, fall forward (ROOT)

ka-kulsnail, slug (for Ca- reduplication in animal names cf. ka-kupu next to Malay kupu-kupu ‘butterfly’, la-lintah next to Malay lintah ‘leech’, la-lépan ‘millipede’ next to Malay lipan ‘centipede’, etc.) (PWMP: *kuhul)

kalaan ogre, demon, believed to be abroad at noon (LOAN)

kaliriver (in some place names) (PAN: *kali₁) *kali

kali-kukuna tree: Schoutenia ovata (PMP: *kukun)

ka-lodto the sea; north/south (PWMP: *ka-lahud) *lahud

kambiŋgoat (also sheep, but these are rare in Bali) (LOAN)

kampilpurse, bag (PWMP: *kampil)

ka-nawanright (hand) (PAN: *ka-wanaN) *wanaN

kanciŋfastening; button, toggle; bolt, lock, key (LOAN)

kapukthe fibers of the seeds of the kutuh, called by us ‘kapok’ (PWMP: *kapuk)

kapuk-inbe stuffed with kapok (PWMP: *kapuk)

kaputfastened shut, of a chest; buttoned, of a jacket; closed, of the mouth, eyes (PMP: *kaput₁) *kaput

kaput-ansomething wrapped up; parcel, package (PWMP: *kaput-an) *kaput

karatrust (refined speech) (PWMP: *karat₁)

k-asihlove, friendship, peace (PMP: *ka-qasiq) *qasiq

k-asih-asihbe favored by someone, be treated with kindness (PMP: *ka-qasiq) *qasiq

katamplane (tool)) (LOAN)

katilbedstead, couch (LOAN)

kawahhell, where souls are punished for sins before being reborn (PWMP: *kawaq)

Balinese (740 / 1712)

kayarich (PWMP: *kaya)

kayuwood, tree; bolt of cloth, roll of silk (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw

kediklittle (PWMP: *kedik)

kejet-kejetbe convulsed; death agony (PWMP: *kezet)

kejutalarm, consternation (PMP: *kezut₁) *kezuC

ke-kawaspider (PWMP: *kawa)

kekebcover, covering; a storey of a house (PMP: *kebkeb₁)

kekepto embrace, enfold, hide (PMP: *kepkep)

keladia root vegetable (PWMP: *kaladi)

kelaslay bare, peel, skin (PMP: *kelas)

kelawuash-gray; fallow (LOAN)

kembartwins, two things of the same sort (LOAN)

kembar-anone’s like, match (LOAN)

kembuŋswelling, blister (PMP: *kembuŋ)

kemukeep water in the mouth (PMP: *kemuR)

kemuhwash out the mouth (PMP: *kemuR)

kenato reach, hit, touch; meet with; find; grasp, understand; befall, be a victim of, catch (PAN: *keNa)

kena-haŋbe got, be obtained (PAN: *keNa)

kena-hinbe hit by, be befallen by; be obtained (a definite thing) (PAN: *keNa)

k-énakhealthy, recovered from illness (LOAN)

Balinese (760 / 1712)

kenduŋspecies of tree having very hard wood (PWMP: *kenduŋ)

kentelsolidify, become stiff, coagulate; no longer liquid, thick, coagulated (LOAN)

kentel-aŋbe thickened, stuffed full, crammed (LOAN)

kentel-inbe thickened, condensed (LOAN)

kenuscuttlefish, ink-fish (PWMP: *kanuqus)

kepelfist; to grasp in the closed hand (PWMP: *kepel)

kepukbreak off, break the point off something (PMP: *kepuk)

kepuŋto hunt, chase, pursue (PWMP: *kepuŋ)

keriskris, ceremonial dagger (LOAN)

ketegheartbeat, pulse (PWMP: *keteg)

keṭékthe sound of snapping finger and thumb (PWMP: *ketik)

keṭék-keṭékto snap one’s fingers often (PWMP: *ketik)

ketikstrike fire, make a spark ( < *ketik 'make a noise'?) (ROOT)

ketimuncucumber (PMP: *qatimun)

ketua pointed cap worn by padandas (Brahmin priests) at special rites (LOAN)

kidemshut the eyes tightly (PWMP: *kizem)

kiduŋsong, melody, poem, popular tale; singing; to sing (PWMP: *kiduŋ)

kihkihrasp, grate, file (PAN: *kiRkiR)

kijap-kijepblink the eyes (PWMP: *ki(n)zep)

kikitlittle (PMP: *kikit)

Balinese (780 / 1712)

kikit-ansmaller, less (PMP: *kikit)

kilapflash of lightning; ball of fire; meteor (PMP: *kilap)

kimagiant clam (PMP: *kima)

kirathought (LOAN)

kira-kiraapproximately (LOAN)

kirimcarry the ashes of a dead person to the sea (LOAN)

kirim-ana package sent by the hand of an intermediary (said to be from Malay) (LOAN)

kitayou; also ‘I’ (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁

kiwaleft, sinister (LOAN)

kiyad-kiyudsquirm slowly, writhe, wriggle (PMP: *kiud)

kiyudstretch after sleeping (PMP: *kiud)

koŋkoŋ-abe barked at (by a dog) (PAN: *kuŋkuŋ₁)

kubufree-standing hut, almost always the hut built on his rice fields by the owner (PMP: *kubu)

kudahow much/many? which (hour)? (PMP: *kuja)

kuḍuŋhead-covering of women, veil; cap (PWMP: *kuduŋ)

kukuhbe strong, grow strong; be firm, be stiff, be headstrong (PMP: *kukuq)

kukuhbe strong, grow strong; be firm, be stiff; be headstrong (LOAN)

kukulto be bent tightly (arm or leg) (PWMP: *kulkul)

kukussteam, vapor, smoke (PWMP: *kuskus₁)

kulambumosquito net (LOAN)

Balinese (800 / 1712)

kulemnight, dark (PWMP: *kulem)

kulemnight, dark (ROOT)

kumisbeard, moustach (PMP: *kumis)

kumpulto gather together, collect (intr.); a gathering, collection, heap (PWMP: *kumpul)

kupiŋear (PWMP: *kupiŋ)

kupu ~ kupu-kupubutterfly (LOAN)

kupu manukgiant butterfly (PMP: *manuk)

kuraŋdeficiency, lack, shortcoming (LOAN)

kurapa disease of fowls; a white rash on human skin (PAN: *kurap)

kurenhousehold; family (PAN: *kuden)

kuren-anspouse (lit. ‘one cooking pot’, a more refined word than somah (‘one house’) (PAN: *kuden)

kuruweak, unable to stand (because of illness), exhausted (PWMP: *kuru₂)

kuskusto cook rice in steam (PWMP: *kuskus₁)

kuskus-ana basket woven of bamboo, cone-shaped, in which rice is steamed till it is cooked (PWMP: *kuskus-an₂) *kuskus₁

kuskus-ana basket for steaming rice (PWMP: *kuskus₁)

kusumake fire by rubbing two sticks together (PMP: *kusu₁)

kutatown, fortress (LOAN)

kutulouse (head, body) (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux

laba-anwages, gain, interest; what is given by a higher person (LOAN)

labuhto fall, fall off, fall down; anchor; to beach a boat (PWMP: *labuq₁)

Balinese (820 / 1712)

lakimale; man; husband (PMP: *laki₁)

lalahtartness, piquancy; spicy, tart (PMP: *lajaq)

la-lalaha strong-tasting relish with one’s rice (PMP: *lajaq)

lalatuspark, speck (PWMP: *lalatu₂)

la-leŋendoorpost, gatepost (PMP: *leŋen)

la-limafive (PAN: *la-lima) *lima

laluto succeed, be successful; extremely, very (PMP: *lalu₁)

lamalong (time) (PAN: *lama₂)

lamasthin, slimy membrane; mucus on fruit or fish (PWMP: *lamas)

lamasthin slimy membrane, mucus on fruit or fish (NEAR)

lambarleaf, sheet (of paper) (LOAN)

lambuŋside of the body (rarely used of persons) (LOAN)

landakporcupine (PWMP: *landak)

lanjakkick backwards (PWMP: *lanzak)

lanjakkick backwards (ROOT)

laŋito swim (PWMP: *laŋuy)

laŋitsky, heavens, air (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC

laŋit-laŋitpalate, roof of the mouth; the ceiling or roof-ridge of a house or bale (PWMP: *laŋit laŋit) *laŋiC

laŋkaha stride, pace; to stride; go beyond, overstep (PMP: *laŋkaq₁)

laŋuheavy-headed, giddy (PAN: *laŋu)

Balinese (840 / 1712)

lataillness, mental illness (NOISE)

lateŋstinging nettle (PMP: *lateŋ) *laCeŋ

latuspark, speck (PWMP: *lalatu₂)

lawaŋgate, entrance (PWMP: *lawaŋ₂)

layahsail of a boat; to sail in a boat (PAN: *layaR)

layaŋwing, pinion; what hovers (PWMP: *layaŋ₁)

layaŋ-layaŋkite (PWMP: *layaŋ₁)

layufade, wither (PAN: *layu)

lebahdecline (ground), slope downwards; valley, hollow (PWMP: *le(m)baq)

lebihplus (PMP: *lebiq)

lebih-anmore, being more (PMP: *lebiq)

leblebbe forfeited (a pledge) (PWMP: *le(b)leb)

leblebdive, go under water (PMP: *lebleb₂)

lebudust, ashes (LOAN)

lekasbegin, be going to do; beginning (ROOT)

lekesroll something up; a rolled up object (PMP: *lekes)

leketadhere to, be sticky (PWMP: *leket)

leket manahwhat is stuck in the mind; an unforgettable thing, something printed on the memory (PWMP: *leket)

lekuŋconcave (PMP: *leŋkuŋ)

lelebbe forfeited (a pledge) (PWMP: *leleb)

Balinese (860 / 1712)

lembua bovine, a white bull or cow (LOAN)

lembutfine, soft to the feel, floury, smooth (skin) (PWMP: *lembut)

lemehslack, lazy at work, taking it easy, idle (PWMP: *lemeq)

lemekfertile, good (soil) (PMP: *lemek₂)

lempagstrike, hit with something (PWMP: *le(m)pag)

lempagstrike, hit with something (ROOT)

leŋasesame (PMP: *leŋa)

leŋenarm, forearm (PMP: *leŋen)

leŋkuŋbe bowed, bent, spherical; a bow, bend, semicircle (PMP: *leŋkuŋ)

lépaplaster, plaster-work (LOAN)

lepasloose, escape, vanish from sight; not reach, fail to hit, fail to hurt, be separated, dismissed (PWMP: *lepas)

lepit-anfold, pleat (in a garment); inner leaf of a book (PMP: *lepit₂)

lesutire, exhaust, wear out (PWMP: *lesu₃)

lesuŋthe hollowed-out wooden block in which rice is stamped by women to free it of husks, done with the luh (pestle) (PMP: *lesuŋ)

lilitto coil, like a snake; wind round; to climb like a creeper (PAN: *litlit)

limafive (PAN: *lima)

limasa leaf folded into the shape of a boat (PMP: *limas)

limolemon (PWMP: *limaw)

limpaliver, pancreas (LOAN)

limpettwist, entwine, tangle, interweave irregularly (PAN: *lipet)

Balinese (880 / 1712)

linduŋelver, young eel (NEAR)

linuhearthquake, shaking (PAN: *linuR)

lipet-lipetwalk to and fro, turn round and walk back (PAN: *lipet)

liputfulfill (PMP: *liput₁)

liube many; crowd; many, much (PMP: *liu₁)

liwatpass by, pass over, go beyond, cross (a border); exceedingly, very (PWMP: *qaliwat)

liwer-ana motley crowd; move, flee, run away in a confused mass (PWMP: *liwed)

lodsea (PAN: *lahud)

luahvomit; emit water; bubble over (a boiling pot) (PMP: *luaq)

luhtears (PMP: *luheq) *luSeq

luh-anupstream, uphill (PMP: *qulu-an) *quluh

lukislump of rice-porridge wrapped in a leaf (for a journey) (ROOT)

luludknee (PAN: *luluj)

lumbaŋbroad, wide (ROOT)

lumbarbe loose, free, untied, not tied up (as domestic animals) (PMP: *lumbar)

lumbuŋlarge rice granary on posts (PMP: *lumbuŋ₂)

lumpuhlame, paralyzed (PWMP: *lumpuq)

lumutmoss (PMP: *lumut)

lutuŋmonkey; a young monkey (PAN: *luCuŋ)

luwaroutside (PMP: *luqar)

Balinese (900 / 1712)

ma-buluhave hair (PWMP: *ma-bulu) *bulu₁

madu ~ madhuhoney (LOAN)

mah-apibe fiery, be on fire (PWMP: *maR-hapuy) *Sapuy

mahet -ang, -incut with a chisel, hew (PMP: *paqet)

m-ahihither, here; the idea of movement is not expressed, hence mahi = ‘come here’ (PAN: *um-aRi) *aRi

m-ahi-yaŋBring it here! Come here! (PAN: *um-aRi) *aRi

maka-pat-patall four, four each (PWMP: *maka-epat) *Sepat

maka-talu-na period of three days (PWMP: *maka-telu) *telu

ma-kilapto flash, of lightning, to lighten (PWMP: *ma-kilap) *kilap

makuto nail, fasten by nailing (LOAN)

malaŋto be thwarted, be unlucky (in gambling) (PMP: *malaŋ)

ma-lebube cremated (LOAN)

maleslazy (PMP: *males)

maliŋsteal (LOAN)

ma-luabboil; bubble up, boil over (PMP: *luab)

ma-maliŋto be a thief, to steal (LOAN)

m-anakgive birth; be born (not usually of human beings) (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak

m-anak-anproduce young, give birth (usually of animals) (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak

m-anak-aŋyield interest (money) (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak

maṇikjewel (LOAN)

Balinese (920 / 1712)

manukcock, fowl; bird (PMP: *manuk)

ma-ŋanto eat (PMP: *ma-ŋaen) *kaen

maŋanto eat (PMP: *paŋan)

maŋkuhold on the lap, sit on the lap (PWMP: *paŋku)

masakripe; cooked (PMP: *ma-qesak) *qesak

m-asemsour (PWMP: *ma-qalesem) *qalesem

m-asihto caress, soothe (PMP: *ma-qasiq) *qasiq

mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

m-atahunripe, raw, uncooked; be green, young (leaves, fruit) (PMP: *ma-hataq) *hataq

mata hideŋopening in the top end of a kris sheath (PMP: *mata) *maCa

mata kayua knot in wood (PMP: *mata nu kahiw) *maCa

mata n-ahisun (PAN: *waRi₁)

mata putihthe white of the eye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

m-atidie, be quenched (fire); dead (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay

mati kena pedaŋdie by being struck with a sword (PAN: *keNa)

mebeŋto close, not let through (PWMP: *beŋbeŋ) *beŋbeŋ₁

medbedto tie, bandage, wrap a cloth round (PWMP: *maŋ-bejbej) *bejbej

meḍilshoot with a firearm (LOAN)

melahto break, split, crack (PAN: *belaq)

memen matuamother-in-law (WM, HM) (PMP: *ma-tuqah) *tuqaS

Balinese (940 / 1712)

menehact rightly, righteously, justly; must, ought (PMP: *bener)

mespespress with the thumb, squeeze a wound (PMP: *pespes)

mikakaŋstand with feet wide apart (PWMP: *bikaŋkaŋ)

milaŋto count, reckon (PWMP: *maŋ-bilaŋ) *bilaŋ₁

milihto choose, have a choice, make a distinction; if, in case (PWMP: *ma-miliq) *piliq

mipitbe close, be joined closely (PAN: *pitpit₂)

mirahruby (PMP: *ma-iRaq)

miyaksplit, break open (tr.) (PWMP: *pihak)

miyakto split, break open (PWMP: *piqak)

moani, mwanimale (PMP: *ma-Ruqanay) *RuqaNay

molpolto plaster with clay or mud, plaster a wall, stop a hole in an earthen wall (PWMP: *pulpul₂)

mubuto fish with a wickerwork basket trap (PWMP: *maŋ-bubu) *bubu₂

mubudput in a hole, plant seedlings (PWMP: *maŋ-bubud) *bubud

mubuhmake gruel, pap or porridge (PMP: *buRbuR₁)

mubutto pull out, pluck, extract (PWMP: *maŋ-butbut) *buCbuC

mudah ~ murahcheap; be a bargain (LOAN)

mulaoriginal, not an imitation (LOAN)

mulaŋtie the steel spurs to a cock's foot (PWMP: *maŋ-bulaŋ) *bulaŋ

m-ulihreturn home (PMP: *um-uliq) *uliq₁

muŋato flower (PWMP: *maŋ-buŋa) *buŋa

Balinese (960 / 1712)

muŋbuŋto put in a bamboo cylinder (PWMP: *buŋbuŋ₁)

mupuproduce a crop; to harvest, pluck, reap, get gain (PMP: *pupu₁)

mutusto break off, break (PWMP: *putus₂)

m-uwabyawning, gaping wide (PMP: *ma-huab₁) *Suab

nabancatch and keep an animal that has strayed onto your land until it is redeemed by its owner (PWMP: *ma-naban) *tabaN

nabasto chop, cleave, hack (wood), chop til level (PWMP: *tabas) *tabas₁

ñabotto pull up plants, pluck out (hair, feathers) (PMP: *cabut)

nabuhto strike (gong, drum, etc.) (NOISE)

ñabukto wear a sabuk (LOAN)

ñakanto cook rice, cook food, be busy in the kitchen (PMP: *zakan)

nakepgrab something with the flat hand (e.g. a fly); seize, arrest (PAN: *dakep)

ñakepto enclose, shut in tightly (PWMP: *cakep)

ñakitto hurt, damage, torture (PWMP: *ma-ñakit) *sakit

ñaksito bear witness (LOAN)

ñalahdo wrong, commit a fault, be guilty; sin (PWMP: *ma-ñalaq) *salaq₁

nambelto patch, put a patch on (PWMP: *ma-nambel) *tambel

nanahpus, matter (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq

nana matuafather-in-law (WF, HF) (PMP: *ma-tuqah) *tuqaS

naŋguŋcarry something on a pole on the shoulders of two men (PWMP: *taŋguŋ)

naŋisto cry, to weep (PMP: *ma-naŋis) *Caŋis

Balinese (980 / 1712)

naŋkabreadfruit tree, breadfruit (LOAN)

naŋkisto ward off, parry (blows) (PWMP: *taŋkis)

napito winnow grain (PMP: *tapi)

ñariŋto catch with a net (PMP: *zariŋ)

nasakto ripen (fruit) (PMP: *tasak)

nasisteamed cooked rice (PWMP: *in-asi) *asi₃

nasi diŋincold cooked rice (PMP: *diŋin)

nastascut loose, cut off, break in pieces (PWMP: *ma-nastas) *tastas

natahthe complex surrounded by a wall, within which are the buildings constituting the family home; also the yard among the buildings (PMP: *natad) *NataD

ñawasoul (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa

nayuŋto row (LOAN)

nebihbreak s.t. into pieces; the natural divisions of a betel nut; section, quarter, piece, slice (PMP: *tebiq) *Cebiq

nekepto cover, shut, close, cover with a hand (PAN: *tekep)

ñeksekto pack something in tightly, leaving no room; shut something in (PWMP: *ma-ñeksek) *seksek₁

nektekto chop into small pieces (PWMP: *ma-nektek) *tektek₁

ñemer-into defile, make ritually unclean (LOAN)

nempuhtouch something; sway about (in the wind); be struck (by illness); stroke along something; be responsible (LOAN)

nenunto weave (PAN: *tenun)

nenuŋpractice magic, cast spells, prophesy (LOAN)

neŋneŋgaze, stare at (PAN: *NeŋNeŋ)

Balinese (1000 / 1712)

ñepitpick up with tongs or pincers (PWMP: *sempit)

ñəpuhto purify gold, refine or harden iron, make steel; gild; provide with a metal lining (LOAN)

netesgraze, cut oneself, be wounded (PWMP: *testes)

ñikatto brush (PWMP: *sikat)

nimbaŋto weigh; consider (PWMP: *ma-nimbaŋ) *timbaŋ

ñiñiktiny mosquitoes that fly in swarms (PMP: *ñikñik)

niŋkaŋstand with the feet wide apart (PWMP: *tikaŋ)

niŋkebspill (PWMP: *tiŋkeb)

nubato stun fish with tuba (PWMP: *ma-nuba) *tubah

nuduhto command, set a task, give instructions (PMP: *tuzuq₂) *Cuzuq

ñuhcoconut (generic) (PMP: *niuR)

nuladto copy a model, make a copy of a writing; imitate (PWMP: *tulad)

ñulamto embroider, decorate; join together (PMP: *sulam)

ñuliŋto play the flute (PWMP: *suliŋ)

ñumbaŋcommit incest, do something indecent or wrong (PWMP: *sumbaŋ)

numbukhit something hard, hit with a beam of wood, batter with a ram (PMP: *tumbuk)

ñumpah-into swear an oath (PWMP: *sumpaq)

numpukto heap up, pile on each other; write the same consonant twice (PWMP: *tumpuk)

ñundulbe assembled close together, be arrayed (soldiers) (PWMP: *sundul)

nuntunto lead, guide, induce to go (PWMP: *tuntun)

Balinese (1020 / 1712)

nunuroast on a fire, bake on glowing coals; cremate (PMP: *ma-nunuh) *CuNuh

ñurudto decrease, subside, grow less, be left over; take away offerings when they have been presented and the gods have consumed their spiritual essence (LOAN)

nusaisland (PMP: *nusa₁)

nusantarafrom another island, foreign (PMP: *nusa₁)

nusukpierce with a point; bore the ears (PAN: *tusuk)

ñusunto put in layers; to arrange (PMP: *susun) *susuN

nutsutto wipe clean (PWMP: *sutsut₂)

ŋ-abaŋmake a gutter or channel (PWMP: *ŋ-abaŋ) *abaŋ₂

ŋabirito castrate (LOAN)

ŋadanto name, give a name to (PMP: *ŋajan)

ŋadan-into call by name; regard someone as being; accuse someone of (PMP: *ŋajan)

ŋ-adekto smell (something) (PWMP: *meŋ-hajek) *Sajek

ŋa-dolto sell (tr.) (LOAN)

ŋ-aduto fight (PWMP: *maŋ-adu) *adu

ŋ-akuclaim as one's own, say 'mine'; acknowledge (a child) (PWMP: *maŋ-aku) *aku

ŋ-alahdestroy, defeat, abandon (PWMP: *maŋ-alaq₂) *alaq₂

ŋa-laŋimake something swim (PWMP: *laŋuy)

ŋa-limaslook like a boat (PWMP: *maŋa-limas) *limas

ŋa-lukatconduct a purification ceremony for someone who is ritually unclean (PWMP: *lukat₁)

ŋ-alurhave a strong current (river) (PWMP: *maŋ-qaluR) *qaluR

Balinese (1040 / 1712)

ŋ-ambaŋ-into hinder, interfere with (PWMP: *maŋ-abaŋ) *abaŋ₁

ŋ-aŋkatset off, march to war, depart (PWMP: *maŋ-aŋkat) *aŋkat

ŋ-apitplace between two things, shut in on both sides (PWMP: *maŋ-hapit) *Sapit

ŋaputwind round, wrap round (PWMP: *ma-ŋaput) *kaput

ŋ-asemmake something sour (PWMP: *qalesem)

ŋe-lebih-into exceed, be more (PMP: *lebiq)

ŋe-lepasto die (High Balinese) (PWMP: *lepas)

ŋemelto hold in the fist, crush in the hand (PAN: *gemel)

ŋemel-ŋemelto knead well (PAN: *gemel)

ŋ-entutto fart (PWMP: *maŋ-qetut) *qetut

ŋ-entut-infart at someone (PMP: *qetut)

ŋ-garaŋto attack with many others, scramble (PAN: *garaŋ₁)

ŋ-genepto complete, fill, finish (PWMP: *genep)

ŋ-getelpinch, break off with the fingers, pluck off leaves (PMP: *getel) *geCel

ŋ-gigiteat the opium that remains stuck to the pipe (PWMP: *gitgit)

ŋ-giliŋto turn or roll (PWMP: *maŋ-giliŋ) *giliŋ

ŋ-guntiŋto shave; cut the hair (LOAN)

ŋ-gutgutto bite (men and animals); snap, nibble, gnaw (PMP: *gutgut₁) *gutgut

ŋ-ikettie, bind (PWMP: *maŋ-hiket) *Siket

ŋilufeeble, dead; on edge (teeth) (PAN: *ŋilu)

Balinese (1060 / 1712)

ŋiskisto weed with a hoe (PAN: *kiskis)

ŋ-lipetto return, turn back, turn round; reflect; echo (PAN: *lipet)

ŋ-luwar-ito exile, drive out (PMP: *luqar)

ŋoŋkoŋto bark, bark at (dogs) (PAN: *kuŋkuŋ₁)

ŋudayoung, youthful, undeveloped, fresh (PMP: *ŋuda)

ŋuda-hanyounger, too young; premature (of a birth) (PMP: *ŋuda)

ŋuruŋto cover over, put a basket over, put under a basket (esp. a game cock); to shut someone in (PWMP: *kuruŋ)

ŋuskusto cook rice in steam (PWMP: *kuskus₁)

ŋ-utahto vomit (PWMP: *maŋ-utaq) *utaq

ogahshake, move to and fro, be loose (a tooth) (PWMP: *ugaq)

ohoŋtoadstool, mould, mildew, fungus (PMP: *quhuŋ) *quSuŋ

ohophelp, stand by, support (PWMP: *uRup)

olihget, acquire, attain to (PWMP: *uliq₂)

pa-bwatfor, because of, instead of (PMP: *buhat₂)

pacekpeg, nail; stick into, make a hole; plant (seedlings, etc.) (PAN: *pacek)

paḍalike, similar, all-in-all, all, together (often used with no more meaning than to indicate plurality) (PWMP: *pada)

padaŋgrass, plant, herb (PWMP: *padaŋ)

padaŋ silathe name of a rock-field (sila = ‘stone’) (PWMP: *padaŋ)

paḍa-paḍaas much; equally (long, high, etc.) (PWMP: *pada pada) *pada

padirice, corn, grain; a grain (weight); rice in the husk (PAN: *pajay)

Balinese (1080 / 1712)

pagabier (NOISE)

pagehstrong, firm, steady, reliable, sure, unchanging, faithful (PWMP: *pageq)

pagehbe fenced (PMP: *pager) Low

pageh-ana hedge, fence, wall, fortification (PMP: *pager) Low

pagerfence, wall, hadge, fortification (PMP: *pager) High

pahathigh (PAN: *paqa₁)

pahetchisel (PMP: *paqet)

pahia species of shark (PMP: *paRih) *paRiS

pahitkind of tree with small round fruit used as medicine (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC

pakanthe warp (in weaving) (PMP: *pakan)

pakufern, bracken (PWMP: *paku) *paheku

pakua peg, dowel, a wooden pin; a nail, a spike (LOAN)

paku besian iron spike or nail (LOAN)

paku kayua wooden peg (LOAN)

palanutmeg (LOAN)

p-alaŋcross-beam (PWMP: *qalaŋ)

palaŋ, pa-palaŋcross-beam (PMP: *palaŋ₁)

paluhammer, mallet, knocker; to knock, hammer, cut (PMP: *palu) *palu₃

paluŋtrough, oblong basin, cooler (PWMP: *paluŋ₁)

paluŋ-antrough, oblong basin, cooler (PWMP: *paluŋ-an) *paluŋ₁

Balinese (1100 / 1712)

panaharrow (PAN: *panaq)

panah-panah-ana children’s game with bows and arrows (PAN: *panaq)

p-anakbirth; a thing born, a child; used alone it refers to a young animal; interest on money (PWMP: *paR-anak) *aNak

panasheat; hot (PMP: *panas₁)

paṇḍanpandanus (PMP: *paŋedan) *paŋudaN

pandesgrind down, file (NOISE)

panelarge vessel of earthenware or wood (PMP: *panay)

paneshot, troubled; heat (PWMP: *panes)

panjithe name of a wanderer, hero of stories, famous for his chivalry; the inventor of the kris (LOAN)

panteghit, beat, smack, bang (ROOT)

pantesright, fitting, proper; handsome, polite, pleasant (LOAN)

pantes-anrightness, fittingness (LOAN)

paŋ-nominal prefix often forming words that denote agents (PWMP: *paŋ-)

pa-ŋanfood, things to eat (PWMP: *pa-ŋaen) *kaen

pa-ŋan-anfood, things to eat (PWMP: *pa-ŋaen-an) *kaen

paŋan-anfood, things to eat (PWMP: *paŋan-an) *paŋan

paŋgaŋroast over a fire (PWMP: *paŋgaŋ)

paŋgaŋspecies of wild fig tree (NOISE)

paŋguŋtower, cupola, dome (PWMP: *paŋguŋ)

paŋguŋ-ana high place for seeing from, a look-out (PWMP: *paŋguŋ-an) *paŋguŋ

Balinese (1120 / 1712)

paŋitree sp. (PWMP: *paŋi)

paŋkatrank, status (LOAN)

papahthe young or green leaf of a coconut or palm tree; the sheath of a leaf (PMP: *paqpaq₂)

papanboard, plank (PMP: *papan)

papan caturchessboard (PMP: *papan)

pa-pituseven (PAN: *pa-pitu) *pitu

paruda rasp, file (PMP: *parud)

parud-anfilings, what has been rasped or filed (PMP: *parud)

parusstream out strongly; (of water), stream out when a dam is opened, babble (ROOT)

pasaŋpair (of inanimate objects); a distich, a couplet in verse (PMP: *pasaŋ₁)

pasaŋ-ana couple, pair (PMP: *pasaŋ₁)

pasarmarket (LOAN) High

pasihthe sea (PWMP: *pasiR)

pasih-pasih-ana small pool, pond (PWMP: *pasiR-an) *pasiR

pat-aŋfour (in 40, and in counting units of time or distance) (PWMP: *pat-aŋ) *Sepat

patideath (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay

pat-patfour (PMP: *epat epat) *Sepat

payahextremely lean, thin (PWMP: *payaq)

payufind a buyer, be able to sell (PWMP: *payu)

payuŋsunshade, umbrella (made of leaves of trees) (PWMP: *payuŋ)

Balinese (1140 / 1712)

pecahto break, break in pieces (PMP: *peceq₂) *peceq

pecuta long whip (PWMP: *pecut)

pəḍaŋsword, sabre, a long knife (LOAN)

pegeŋhold one's breath, sit quite still, not move a muscle; be deep in thought (PWMP: *pegeŋ)

pelaŋka-nbench to rest on; table (LOAN)

penékgo up, rise, ascend (PMP: *panahik)

penpenput into, fill with (PWMP: *penpen₁)

peñuturtle, tortoise (PMP: *peñu)

penuhbe full of (PAN: *peNuq)

peŋkaŋstraddle; dance with the feet wide apart (PMP: *pekaŋ)

péŋkohcurve inwards, bend inwards (a foot); one who has a bent-in foot (PAN: *pikuq₁)

péok, pioksunken (of eyes, cheeks) (PAN: *piuk)

pepekall together, complete (PWMP: *pekpek₂)

pepetto prevent, block (PWMP: *petpet₂)

pérak ~ piraksilver (LOAN)

perihpainful (PMP: *hapejiq) *Sapejiq

peteŋdarkness, night (PWMP: *peteŋ)

peteŋ bulanthe dark half of the month (PWMP: *peteŋ)

peṭikpick fruit or flowers, break off with the finger (PAN: *peCik)

peṭukknock, beat out; pulse (PWMP: *petuk)

Balinese (1160 / 1712)

p-idanwhen? what time? whenever (PMP: *p-ijan) *ijan

pijerborax, solder (LOAN)

pikaŋthe groin (PMP: *pikaŋ)

pikatlure, decoy, snare (for birds) (PWMP: *pikat)

pikula dry measure (137 pounds); to carry on one’s neck (LOAN)

pilihchoice (PAN: *piliq)

pilih-anchosen one, elected one (PMP: *piliq-an) *piliq

pilis ~ pa-pilisointment put on the eyelids and below the brows (PWMP: *pilis)

pindahmove house (said to be from Malay) (PWMP: *pindaq)

pindaŋfish cooked in salt water (PWMP: *pindaŋ)

piŋgandeep bowl, cauldron (LOAN)

pipithe cheeks (PMP: *pihpih) *piSpiS

pipisgrind, stir with a stick (PMP: *pipis₂) *pipis₁

pipisto grind; stir with a stick (PMP: *pipis₂) *pipis₁

piratoo, very, too much (PAN: *pijax)

pisinterjection to call carts (PWMP: *pis)

pisanfirst; all, complete, whole (PAN: *paR-isa-an) *isa₁

pisaŋplantain, banana (LOAN)

pituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu

piyakbecome separate, split, break open (intr.) (PWMP: *pihak)

Balinese (1180 / 1712)

piyakbecome separate, split, break open (PWMP: *piqak)

polpol-ana wall made of nothing but clay (PWMP: *pulpul₂)

ponḍoktent, hut, temporary or poor dwelling; this is the word one uses for one’s own house in polite speech (LOAN)

pucuktip, point, top (PAN: *qapucuk)

pucuktip, point, top (PWMP: *pucuk)

puhpuhfragment, break pieces off (NOISE)

puhuh, puhquail (bird) (PAN: *puRuq)

puhuntree; classifier for trees (PMP: *puqun)

pujiworship, glory, honor, reverence, praise; compliment (LOAN)

pukaŋleg of animal or bird (PWMP: *pukaŋ)

pukpukto smack with the open hand (PAN: *pukpuk)

pulihto get back into its former shape, look as it once did (PWMP: *puliq)

pulittwine around (PMP: *pulit)

puloisland (LOAN)

puluŋroll into a ball with the hands (PAN: *puluŋ)

pumpun ~ punpunto gather, collect, provide (as wood for fuel) (PWMP: *punpun)

puñan bunuta tree: Cynometra ramiflora (PWMP: *bunut₂)

pungpuŋ-ana piece, a leftover, a remnant, a stump, a candle-end (PWMP: *puŋpuŋ₁)

puntulblunt, dull (PMP: *putul) *putun

Balinese (1200 / 1712)

puntulblunt, dull (NOISE)

puntul-puntul-anbe very blunt (PMP: *putul) *putun

puŋgalbreak off, snap (PWMP: *puŋgal)

puŋgulto top (a tree that will be felled); broken off (of the horns of a cow) (PMP: *puŋgul)

puŋgutbite, bite off, put one's teeth into (ROOT)

puŋkurback (said to be < pa-huŋkur); have one’s back to (LOAN)

puŋsednavel (PMP: *pusej) Low

pupo-ninbe harvested, be reaped (PMP: *pupu₁)

pupu-haŋbe reaped, be harvested; take the landlord’s share of the crop (PMP: *pupu₁)

pupurcosmetics, face-powder, face-cream (PWMP: *purpur)

pusernavel (PMP: *pusej) High

pusuhbud, flower bud, flower of a plantain (PMP: *pusuq₁)

pusuŋtie up hair in a coil (PWMP: *pusuŋ₁)

putihwhite (PMP: *putiq)

putih-putihwhitish (PWMP: *ma-putiq-putiq) *putiq

putusbe finished, have finished learning, highly experienced (PWMP: *putus₂)

putus-anone who is sent; ambassador, apostle (PWMP: *putus₂)

putus-iŋan expert in (PWMP: *putus₂)

puyuhquail (bird) (PWMP: *puyuq)

raŋsukenter, put on (clothes) (PWMP: *ra(ŋ)suk)

Balinese (1220 / 1712)

rapetbe close, be very near; stick together; to close (of a wound) (PMP: *rapet)

rékétadhere, stick (PWMP: *ri(ŋ)kit)

remekcrush, break, perish (PMP: *remek)

rempakto break, crush, smash (PMP: *re(m)pak)

remukcrush, break, smash (PMP: *remuk)

reŋatcrack, split, burst (PWMP: *reŋat)

reŋetangry (PMP: *reŋet) *reŋeC

reŋkegkeep quiet because of sickness (PWMP: *reŋkeg)

ricik(falling water) make a sound (less water than with rocok) (PWMP: *ricik)

rimbitdifficult, slow (PWMP: *rimbit)

riŋkeswrap up, tie together, roll up (in cloth) (ROOT)

ririsrain gently, drizzle (PWMP: *risris)

rupitsmall (PWMP: *rupit)

sabakind of banana (PWMP: *sabeqa)

sabitcarry something under the arm against the body (PMP: *saqebit)

sabitto carry something under the arm against the body (PWMP: *sabit)

sabukbelt, girdle, sash (LOAN)

sadahlean, lean against, rest (a tall thing) against (PWMP: *sandaR)

sadah-into have something leaned against it (e.g. a tree and a ladder) (PWMP: *sandaR)

sagaplant that has a fruit with bright red pits: Abrus precatorius L. (PWMP: *saga)

Balinese (1240 / 1712)

sagsagbreak, crack (PWMP: *sagsag₁)

sagusago, starch (PMP: *sagu₁)

sahuptake hold of with both hands, scoop up water with both hands; put both arms round, embrace, lift (PMP: *saRup₁)

sahutanswer (LOAN)

sahutanswer (PMP: *saRut) Low

sahut-inbe answered (LOAN)

sakapost, pillar, column (LOAN)

sakitillness, pain, damage, hurt, annoyance (PMP: *sakit)

sakit-aŋbe ill, be in pain, be hurt; be made ill (PWMP: *sakit-an) *sakit

sakit guwamto have quinsy (PMP: *guham) *guSam

sakit-inbe hurt by, be caused pain by someone (PWMP: *sakit-en) *sakit

sakit-sakitsick persons (PMP: *sakit)

saksiwitness (person) (LOAN)

saksi-na witness of (LOAN)

salahfault, guilt, wrong-doing, misdeed (the wrong is not moral, but is an offense to normal standards, hence salah pati ‘do wrong in dying’ = ‘die in an abnormal way, as by being executed (PMP: *salaq₁)

salah paticondemned to death; so much, very (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay

salakasilver; silver coin (LOAN)

salinto change, alter; change clothes; pour from one vessel into another (PWMP: *salin)

saliŋ taŋis-into weep over one another (PWMP: *taŋis-en) *Caŋis

saludscoop up water with a vessel, draw water (PWMP: *saluD)

Balinese (1260 / 1712)

sambala very frequently used sauce (green pepper, fish-paste, and lemon juice) (LOAN)

sambehscatter, broadcast (seed), strew, lie scattered (PWMP: *sa(m)beR)

sambutseize, grab (like a beast of prey) (ROOT)

samircurtain (PWMP: *samir)

samoŋ kena belantika tiger was caught by a trap (PAN: *keNa)

sampetblock up (a hole), stop the flow of water (ROOT)

sampiŋside, edge, border, margin (PWMP: *sampiŋ)

sampiŋ-aŋbe edged or provided with an edge, hem, border (PWMP: *sampiŋ)

sampiŋ-inbe avoided by going to one side (PWMP: *sampiŋ)

sandato pawn, pledge; a pledge (PWMP: *sanda)

sandapawn, pledge (LOAN)

sanda-haŋbe caused to pawn (LOAN)

sandaŋcarry on the shoulders or the back (PWMP: *sandaŋ)

saŋaryell, scream (ROOT)

saŋetheavy, grave, serious, hard, bad, worse, very (PWMP: *saŋet)

saŋət-anmore grievous, harder, graver (PWMP: *saŋet)

saŋkalcarpenter’s plane, the wooden part of a plane (LOAN)

saŋkopscoop up water with a hand (ROOT)

sapsapto wipe off, sweep off; sweep together (PWMP: *sapsap)

sapsap-aŋbe wiped off for someone (PWMP: *sapsap-an) *sapsap

Balinese (1280 / 1712)

saputo sweep (floors) (PMP: *sapu)

sapu jagadhair or dress that trails on the ground (PMP: *sapu)

saputcover completely; a man’s loincloth; a cloth worn over other clothes, blanket, cloth cover (PMP: *saput₁)

saput-inbe covered by something (PMP: *saput₁)

saraŋedible bird’s nest (LOAN)

saruŋa sarong (PWMP: *saruŋ)

saruŋ-inbe provided with a sarong (PWMP: *saruŋ)

sawanconvulsion; a child’s convulsions, fits; to have fits, be convulsive (PWMP: *sawan)

sawan baŋkeepilepsy (PWMP: *sawan)

sawaŋbe in sight, be visible, be seen (PWMP: *sawaŋ₂)

sa-wenaŋ-wenaŋat one's will, as one wishes (LOAN)

sayaŋlove, affection; beloved; have love for (PWMP: *sayaŋ)

sayaŋ-aŋbe loved (PWMP: *sayaŋ)

sedeŋenough, right; the right moment; just when, at just the moment when (LOAN)

seḍeŋmoderation, what is fitting; suitable, proper, fitting, moderate; to fit, suit well (clothes) (LOAN)

sedepgood (PWMP: *sedep₂)

segerhealthy, hale and hearty (PMP: *se(ŋ)ger)

segutbite, snap, nibble (men and animals) (ROOT)

sekebcover, cover up; store (fruit, eggs) by covering with ashes or the water-glass; keep secret, hide (PWMP: *se(ŋ)keb)

Balinese (1300 / 1712)

sekedcut something (as bamboo) clean to its base (PWMP: *seked)

sekepkeep secret, hide, cover up (PMP: *sekep)

sekepkeep secret, hide, cover up (ROOT)

seksektightly packed, leave no room; be shut in; be embarrassed; a stopper; a patch closing a hole (in a wall) (PAN: *seksek₁)

selaŋkaŋstand astride of (ROOT)

selaŋkupsnare for catching jungle-fowl (ROOT)

selemblack, dark gray (PWMP: *selem₂)

selem matathe pupil of the eye (PWMP: *selem₂)

selselbe crammed into any space (clothes, etc.) (PAN: *selsel₁)

selselto regret, be sorry about; be annoyed over; be rebuked; be reminded of a mistake (PWMP: *selsel₂)

s<el>uksukforce a way in, thrust something in (PWMP: *s<al>uksuk) *suksuk

selutornamental ring around something, especially just below the top of the hilt of a kris; put an ornamental ring around something (PWMP: *sel(e)qut)

selutornamental ring around something, especially just below the top of the hilt of a kris; put an ornamental ring around something (PWMP: *selut)

semaya ~ sumayaagreement, alliance, promise, covenant (LOAN)

sembahthe bow with palms together of an inferior to a superior; to greet a superior (LOAN)

sənəŋto like, love, prefer (LOAN)

sənəŋ-inbe loved, be preferred (LOAN)

sentula tree from whose leaves a much-used medicine is made (LOAN)

seŋaŋa startled, surprised look (also: a wild look caused by anger) (PWMP: *seŋaŋ)

seŋaŋstartled, surprised look (ROOT)

Balinese (1320 / 1712)

seŋetto sting (PAN: *seŋet₂)

séŋkokhave a stiff arm (PMP: *si(ŋ)kuk₁) *si(ŋ)kuk

seŋseŋcork, stopper (PAN: *seŋseŋ)

seŋseŋ-into be stoppered, corked (PWMP: *seŋseŋ-en) *seŋseŋ

sepaha chewed betel quid (PWMP: *sepaq)

sepah-anthe remains of a betel-package when spat out; sugarcane (PWMP: *sepaq-an) *sepaq

sepakbranch (PWMP: *sepak₁) *sepak

sépakto kick (of man or horse) (LOAN)

sepak-in(the end of a branch) be broken off for a stick (PWMP: *sepak₁) *sepak

sepegchop violently at, hew (ROOT)

səpətunripe, raw, tart, not easily eaten; fig., be angered (PWMP: *sapelet)

səpət-anfury at biting words (PWMP: *sapelet)

səpət-inbe infuriated by words (PWMP: *sapelet)

səpət-səpətspecies of plant whose fruit is ground up and used in the ointment boreh (kind of face powder) (PWMP: *sapelet)

sepibe quiet, be calm, be uninhabited, be empty of people; be absent from where one is expected to be, not be found (PWMP: *sepi)

sepittongs, pincers (PWMP: *sempit)

sepukdust (ROOT)

siparticle used before women’s names instead of ni and hi (PAN: *si₁)

siah-ana parting in the hair (PWMP: *siaq)

sidakepfolding the arms on the chest (ROOT)

Balinese (1340 / 1712)

sidemsmall black ants, usually found on trees (PWMP: *sijem)

sidikind of sieve; put through a sieve (PMP: *siji)

siduspoon, ladle, scoop (PAN: *sidu)

sihamsprinkle with water (LOAN)

sikatbrush, scrubber, polisher (PWMP: *sikat)

sikepa hawk, kite (PWMP: *sikep₁)

sikepweapon; be armed (NOISE)

sikep palalyanhawk for hunting (PWMP: *sikep₁)

sikione (NOISE)

siki-yanunit, unity (NOISE)

siki-yaŋbe united, unified (NOISE)

siksikto look at something very closely, seek something closely (e.g. lice) (PWMP: *siksik₁)

siksikscales (of fish), scurf (in hair) (PMP: *siksik₂)

siksik-anthe hairy pubis (PWMP: *siksik-an) *siksik₂

siksik-inbe scaly (PMP: *siksik₂)

sikuelbow, cubit, ell (PAN: *sikux)

siku-sikua set square (used by carpenters) (PWMP: *siku-siku) *sikux

sikutelbow (PMP: *sikut₁)

silasit like an ascetic; sit properly, with good manners; sit in the proper position before a superior (LOAN)

sila napeksit in the usual way, with each foot under the opposite thigh (LOAN)

Balinese (1360 / 1712)

sila sisihsit with the left foot against the right knee (LOAN)

silatto fence, fencing (as a sport) (PWMP: *silat)

silemdive, go under water, sink; disappear (of the moon at the end of the month) (PWMP: *silem)

sileŋlook away from; (Middle Balinese) squint (PMP: *sileŋ)

silibsecret, kept hidden; be unnoticed, sly (PWMP: *silib)

silukwind in and out, have many curves (PWMP: *siluk)

simbuhpowder or liquid blown from the mouth by a healer as medicine; to blow out in this way; spit poison (some snakes) (PMP: *simbuR)

simpaŋstop on a walk, hence: enter a house; to wrong, deviate (PMP: *simpaŋ)

simpənstore, preserve, put away, keep (LOAN)

simpiredge, margin, rim (PWMP: *simpir)

simsim ~ siŋsimfinger ring (LOAN)

sinahsee clearly, be clear (PMP: *sinaR) *siNaR

sinarradiance, shining (PWMP: *sinar)

sindukspoon; use a spoon (PMP: *si(n)duk)

s<in>uratbe written (LOAN)

siŋetsting, bite (insects) (PWMP: *siŋ(e)het)

sipitslant-eyed (PAN: *sipit)

siramsprinkle with water; wash (LOAN)

siriŋborder, edge (PWMP: *sidiŋ)

sirsirto blow (breeze); hiss (ROOT)

Balinese (1380 / 1712)

sisigtooth-pick; pick the teeth, clean the teeth with tobacco; blacken, dye the teeth (PWMP: *sisig)

sisih-anside, edge (PWMP: *sisiq₁) *sisiq

sisipfault, departure from right, misdeed; to sin, be guilty (NOISE)

sitsittear, break; tear to pieces (PWMP: *sitsit) *sitsit₂

siyapfowl, usually cock (PAN: *siap)

siyokthe sound of rain (PMP: *siuk)

sokoŋsupport, prop up (LOAN)

srabukpowder, dust (ROOT)

sripitnarrow (road) (ROOT)

subeŋearring; a rolled-up palm leaf worn in the ear by girls (PWMP: *subeŋ)

sudapointed sticks stuck in the ground with the point upwards to deter intruders (PMP: *suja)

sugiwash one’s face with one’s hands (PWMP: *sugi)

suhuncarry on the head (a sign of great respect); fig., obey an order (PAN: *suquN)

sujitoothbrush; a pointed thing; embroidery (LOAN)

sukakcough, clear the throat, cough up something stuck in the throat (PWMP: *sukak)

sukakcough, clear the throat, cough up something stuck in the throat (ROOT)

sukehdifficulty; difficult, troubled in mind (PWMP: *suker)

suksukbe pressed together, be close together (sit, sleep, etc.) (PAN: *suksuk)

sukunthe breadfruit tree and its fruit (PMP: *sukun)

sulaskewer, spit, pointed stick (PWMP: *sulah)

Balinese (1400 / 1712)

sulahbald-headed (LOAN)

sulamembroider (PMP: *sulam)

suligia mace or club of wood or iron, having a sharp point (LOAN)

suliŋflute (PWMP: *suliŋ)

suliŋ-suliŋa piece of bamboo with holes between its nodes to channel water (PWMP: *suliŋ)

sulithard to split (of wood) (PWMP: *sulit₁)

sulsulbe crowded together, be pressed together (PWMP: *sulsul₂)

sulsul-aŋto surrender, give in with little pressure (PWMP: *sulsul₂)

suluhlight, lamp, torch, illumination; the eye (PMP: *suluq)

suluh-inbe lit with a lamp, be illuminated; be found out about (PMP: *suluq)

sulurto climb in a spiral (creeper) (LOAN)

sumbaŋincest (PWMP: *sumbaŋ)

sumpaha curse (especially on a piece of land); an oath (PWMP: *sumpaq)

sumpelstopper, cork (PWMP: *sumpel)

sumpetstopper, cork (ROOT)

sumpiŋan ear ornament (PWMP: *sumpiŋ₂)

suŋkabuncover, reveal, remove a cover (PMP: *su(ŋ)kab)

suŋsuŋgo to meet; respect deeply; revere (PWMP: *suŋsuŋ₁)

suŋua conch shell trumpet; used to announce the beginning of the observance of manyepi [an annual ceremony] (PWMP: *suŋu₁)

supitpinch, squeeze; thing to squeeze with, tweezers (PWMP: *supit)

Balinese (1420 / 1712)

suraka shout, war-cry (LOAN)

suramby-averanda, the front part of a house (PWMP: *surambi)

suratwriting, letter, drawing, bill, written account; to write (LOAN)

suremobscure, dim (ROOT)

surudebb-tide (LOAN)

suruŋ ~ ñuruŋto push, push away, force away; take away by the hand; encourage to flee (PWMP: *suruŋ)

surupgo inside, be thrust in; disappear; set (sun); die (PMP: *surup₁)

susubreast; milk (PAN: *susu₁)

susuhfreshwater snail (PMP: *susuq)

susulfollow someone who has gone ahead (PMP: *sulsul₁)

susunsection, layer, hollow (PMP: *susun) *susuN

susun-ansystem, program, arrangement (PMP: *susun) *susuN

sutsut-into be wiped clean (PWMP: *sutsut₂)

taan emphasizing particle (PWMP: *ta₂)

tabahinsipid, tasteless, watery (of food); unfeeling; insensitive (PWMP: *tabaR)

tabancatch and keep an animal that has strayed onto your land until it is redeemed by its owner (PMP: *taban) *tabaN

tabénexcuse, leave, greeting (LOAN)

tabeŋstopper, cork (PWMP: *ta(m)beŋ)

tabeŋstopper, cork (ROOT)

tabiŋloose cover over the ridge of a roof; a partition (PWMP: *tabiŋ)

Balinese (1440 / 1712)

tabuhhammer (gong, etc.) (NOISE)

tabuwanhornet; several different kinds are distinguished (PMP: *tabuqan)

tagihask for, demand; admonish, exhort; threated; be addicted to (drugs, drink) (LOAN)

tahahthe blade of a kind of machete, chopper (PAN: *taRaq₁)

tahanendure, put up with (LOAN)

tahenbear with, endure, persist (LOAN)

tahidirt; rust; scale (metal); dung (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi

tahuknow, perceive (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu

tahumindigo plant (PMP: *taRum)

tajegstand erect; be directly overhead (sun) (PWMP: *ta(n)zeg)

tajithe steel spur fastened to a game cock’s foot (LOAN)

taji-ninbe fitted with steel spurs (LOAN)

tajukstick into something; stick something in the ground; bury; plant dry rice (PWMP: *tazuk)

takeldoubled, folded (ROOT)

takepbe folded over, closed (PMP: *ta(ŋ)kep₁) *takep

takera measure of volume (LOAN)

taktakstrike with a sword (PAN: *taktak₂)

takutfear; to fear, be afraid of (PAN: *takut)

talama tray; the leaf on which food is presented to a guest (LOAN)

talaŋ-talaŋa sea fish (PWMP: *talaŋ-talaŋ)

Balinese (1460 / 1712)

talistring, cord, rope; one thousand (primarily a cord with 1000 képéŋs strung on it, but used in Low Balinese for 1000) (PMP: *talih) *CaliS

tali puŋsedumbilical cord (PMP: *pusej)

taltalhit repeatedly (PWMP: *taltal₁)

taludefeated, beaten (PMP: *talu₂)

talukikind of batik (PMP: *taluki)

tamabe ready, be on hand, never be tongue-tied, be bold (PMP: *tama₂)

tambakdam, dyke; a pool formed from a dammed stream; fishpond; to block, obstruct, dam (PMP: *tambak₂)

tambankind of small sea fish (PWMP: *tamban)

tambel-inbe patched by someone (PWMP: *tambel)

tambeŋobstruct, block; be obstinate (PWMP: *ta(m)beŋ)

tambeŋto obstruct, block; be obstinate (PWMP: *tambeŋ)

tambunto heap up, pack together (things and people) (PMP: *tabun₂)

tampak batissole of the foot (PWMP: *tapak₁)

tampak limapalm of the hand (PWMP: *tapak₁)

tampekstrike with the hand (PMP: *tampek)

tampelto cover up, plaster (a wound), patch (a hole), plaster something and make it watertight; plaster, a covering (PMP: *tapel) *Capel

tampihfold, fold up, put in layers (< *-piq) (ROOT)

tampukthe calyx of a fruit (PWMP: *tampuk₃)

tamuturmeric; dye (PWMP: *tamu₂)

tanahground, land, earth, soil (mainly as agricultural object, but also as building material, and as a political unit) (PMP: *taneq)

Balinese (1480 / 1712)

tanah hampoha sort of clay eaten by pregnant women (PMP: *taneq)

tanah putihchalk (‘white earth’) (PMP: *taneq)

tanḍiŋset opposite to each other; compare; cause to correspond; adversary; match (PWMP: *tandiŋ)

tandukhorn, horns of a bull or cow (LOAN)

tanembury in the ground (seeds, plants, a corpse); grave (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem

tanjuŋcape, promontory, protruding point (LOAN)

tan simpaŋdo as is fitting, not deviate, be right (PMP: *simpaŋ)

taŋgaptake into the hand, accept, receive (PWMP: *taŋgap)

taŋgulbuild a dyke, a dam (PWMP: *taŋgul)

taŋisweeping (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis

taŋis-inbe wept over (PWMP: *taŋis-en) *Caŋis

taŋkebcover up (with a basket, etc.) (PWMP: *ta(ŋ)keb) *ta(ŋ)keb₁

taŋkeparrest, seize, hold (police, etc.) (PMP: *ta(ŋ)kep₂)

taŋkiswarding off, parrying (PWMP: *taŋkis)

tapea sort of fermenting agent, yeast; fermented cassava (PWMP: *tapay)

tape bahasfermented rice (PWMP: *tapay)

tapihan underskirt worn by women (PWMP: *tapiq₂)

tapi-ninto be winnowed by someone (PMP: *tapi)

tapukthe stalk of a fruit (PWMP: *tampuk₃)

tasiksalt; sea, ocean (in court and literary language) (PMP: *tasik)

Balinese (1500 / 1712)

tasik-into be made salty (PMP: *tasik)

tastascut loose, cut off, break in pieces (PAN: *tastas)

ta-taban-anan animal so retained (PWMP: *ma-naban) *tabaN

ta-telutriad, three (PAN: *ta-telu) *telu

ta-telu-ta-teluin threes, three at a time (PMP: *telu-telu) *telu

tawahmake an offer to someone, haggle over a price (PWMP: *tawaD)

tawaŋsky, heaven (PWMP: *tawaŋ)

tawaŋ (tahu-aŋ)to see, perceive, know (PMP: *taqu-an) *Caqu

tebekstab, make a hole in something, make a hole in the ground for planting seedlings; a hole in the ground for a seedling (PAN: *tebek)

tebihbreak in pieces; the natural divisions of a betel nut, section, quarter, piece, slice (PMP: *tebiq) *Cebiq

tebtebcut off short, prune, cut to a point (PAN: *tebteb)

tebukpound rice to dehusk it; thresh (PMP: *tebuk₂) *Cebuk

tebukpound rice to dehusk it; thresh (PWMP: *tebuk₁) *tebuk

tebukpound rice to dehusk it; thresh (ROOT)

teduŋumbrella or sunshade (of paper or silk) (PMP: *teduŋ₁)

tegeŋstrong (NOISE)

tehepspecies of tree which produces fruit like coffee beans, which are fried without oil (PWMP: *teRep)

tekato come, arrive (PMP: *teka₁)

teka-haŋbe caused to come, be brought (PMP: *teka₁)

teka-hinbe come to, be visited (PMP: *teka₁)

Balinese (1520 / 1712)

teka-ncoming, arrival (PMP: *teka₁)

tekenstaff, stick (PMP: *teken)

tekepflat lid; a cork (in a bottle) (PAN: *tekep)

tekep-inbe covered; act as a cover (PAN: *tekep)

tekesfasten, fix in place (esp. the hair, with a band of linen or a ribbon), done by men (PWMP: *tekes)

tékolbent, broken, but not separated (of living wood) (PWMP: *tikul)

tékolbent; broken, but not separated (of living wood) (ROOT)

tektekchop into small pieces (PAN: *tektek₁)

tekukbent, crumpled (PMP: *tekuk₁)

tekukbent, crumpled (ROOT)

telagapond, pool, fish pond (LOAN)

telivulva (PMP: *teli)

teluthree (PAN: *telu)

telusukbore a hole in the nose of a draught animal (ROOT)

tembiŋthe edge of a hole; the rim of a cliff-top; the brim of a ravine (LOAN)

temuto meet, come across, find (PWMP: *temu₂)

tenunweave (PAN: *tenun)

teŋahmiddle, center; in the middle (PMP: *teŋaq)

teŋah hahimid-day (PMP: *teŋaq)

teŋah lemeŋmidnight (PMP: *teŋaq)

Balinese (1540 / 1712)

teŋenright hand, right side (LOAN)

tepakthe flat of the hand or the flank; to hit with the flat of the hand (e.g. a drum) (PMP: *tepak₁)

tepekslap with the flat hand (ROOT)

tepessqueeze, press, pinch (PWMP: *tepes)

tepettake care of, take care about; exactly (PWMP: *tepet₁)

tepettake care of, take care about; hence: exactly (LOAN)

tepiborder, edge, limit, coast (LOAN)

teposbreak off, interrupt, end in (PMP: *te(m)pus)

teraŋlight; clear, bright, visible; dry (season) (PWMP: *teraŋ)

terimareceiving, thanks; to receive, accept, take over, find pleasure in; buy wholesale (LOAN)

terumpahshoe (LOAN)

terusgo through a place without stopping; through; through as far as (PWMP: *terus)

tetepbe sure, firm, certain, in order (LOAN)

tigtigbeat, strike (with a stick), hit, scourge (PWMP: *tigtig)

tihtihcut into very small pieces; smooth with a machete (PWMP: *tiRtiR₁)

tikimitation of a sound, ‘tick’ (PMP: *tik₁) *tik

tikelcrack (a stick) and bend it double without separating the parts; bend something double (a rope); multiply (PAN: *tikel)

tilammattress, bed (LOAN)

tilemlast day of the moon, new moon (PWMP: *tilem₁)

Balinese (1560 / 1712)

tilemlast day of the moon; new moon (ROOT)

timahlead, tin, zinc (PWMP: *timeRaq)

timbaŋbe compared with; weight, weighing (PWMP: *timbaŋ)

timbunheap up, crowd together (PWMP: *timbun)

timpuhto sit (like women) on the ground with the legs bent at the side (PWMP: *timpuhuq)

timuncucumber (PMP: *qatimun)

tinjaktread heavily, stamp when walking, trample on (PWMP: *tinzak)

tiŋkaŋ-inbe straddled, have someone stand astride over something (PWMP: *tikaŋ)

tiŋkebspill; fall face downwards (Also Iban tiŋkap 'prostrate, prone; fall face down') (ROOT)

tiŋkeb-aŋbe spilt, be laid face downwards (PWMP: *tiŋkeb)

tipisthin, fine (linen, paper) (PMP: *tipis)

tipisthin, fine (linen, paper) (LOAN)

tiruto mimic, imitate, copy; a model, copy (for imitation) (LOAN)

tirusthe sharp end, the point; the smallest of a series, rank (PWMP: *tirus)

tisekthronged, pushed close together (ROOT)

titia bridge. a wooden plank across a ditch (PMP: *taytay)

titi-n-inbe bridged by someone (PMP: *taytay)

tiwasbe poor, be needy; poverty, need (NOISE)

tobusto redeem, ransom (PMP: *tebus)

tokthe sound of a thing being hit hard (PMP: *tuk)

Balinese (1580 / 1712)

tuaold, aged; full-grown, adult (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS

tubaa plant having intoxicating sap which is used to make animals unconscious; put into still water it stuns fish (PAN: *tubah)

tuba-hinto be poisoned with tuba (PWMP: *tuba-en) *tubah

tubuha young coconut palm which is about to fruit (PMP: *tubuq, tumbuq) *Cubuq

tudiŋthe index finger (PAN: *tudiŋ)

tuduhbe leaky (PAN: *tuduq)

tuduh-anleak, a leaking spot (PAN: *tuduq-an) *tuduq

tuduŋcover, veil (PMP: *tuduŋ)

tuhedbase, root (PAN: *tuqed)

tuhed kayubase of a tree (PAN: *tuqed)

tuhusure, certain, true; truly, really (PMP: *tuqu₂)

tuhundescend, come down; descent, getting down (as fowls from the trees where they have spent the night) (PMP: *tuRun₁)

tuhun-andownwards, further down (PWMP: *tuRun-an) *tuRun₁

tuhun-aŋbe let down (on a rope); be taken down (PMP: *tuRun₁)

tuhutfollow, obey, observe (a rule) (PWMP: *tuRut)

tuhut-aŋbe followed; according to (PWMP: *tuRut)

tujupoint to, aim at, point out (PMP: *tuzu)

tuju-aŋbe shown; be indicated (PWMP: *tuzuq-an) *tuzuq₁

tujuhindex finger, forefinger; to point to, indicate, show (PAN: *tuzuq₁)

Balinese (1600 / 1712)

tujuh-inbe shown by someone to someone (PAN: *tuzuq-en) *tuzuq₁

tukaŋcraftsman, expert, practitioner; one who is commissioned to work in some way (LOAN)

tuktukbeak of a bird (PAN: *tuktuk₁)

tuktuktop, tip, extremity (PAN: *tuktuk₂)

tukubcover, covering; storey of a house (PWMP: *tu(ŋ)kub)

tukuŋamputate, create a stump (PWMP: *tukuŋ)

tuladmodel, copy (to be copied), original (PWMP: *tulad)

tulad-anmodel, example (PWMP: *tulad-an) *tulad

tulaŋbone, skeleton (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)

tulithen, a little later (NOISE)

tuluspermanent, remaining always the same; used as adverb indicates that something will take place, be done (PMP: *tulus)

tumaclothes louse (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS

tumbaklance, a long spear; perform a dance with spears (PMP: *tumbak)

tumbak-inbe speared several times (PMP: *tumbak)

tumbuhthe first shoot of a plant; to grow, sprout, come up, emerge (of teeth); be born (PMP: *tubuq, tumbuq) *Cubuq

tumpuk-anpile, heap together (e.g. rice sheaves) (PWMP: *tumpuk)

t<um>ulithen (NOISE)

tunuroast on a fire, bake on glowing coals; cremate (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh

tuŋgalunity, union; be one (LOAN)

tuŋkadstick, staff (PWMP: *tu(ŋ)kad)

Balinese (1620 / 1712)

tuŋkaŋstride, straddle (ROOT)

tuŋkədstick, staff (PAN: *tuked)

tuŋkəd-aŋbe used as a stick (PAN: *tuked)

tuŋkəd-inbe provided with a stick (PWMP: *tuked-en) *tuked

tuŋkəd-tuŋkədwalk with a stick because of old age (PAN: *tuked)

tuŋkulbow the head, be subject to (PAN: *Cukul)

tuŋkulbow the head, be subject to (ROOT)

tuŋtuŋpeak, top (PMP: *tuŋtuŋ₂)

turo-n-in pabe slept with by someone (PAN: *tuduR)

turusleep (PAN: *tuduR)

tustusbreak off, pluck (ROOT)

tusuk duibe pricked by a thorn (PAN: *tusuk)

tut buribe followed by someone (NOISE)

tutubthe cloth covering the end of a pillow (PMP: *tutub)

uauncle, aunt (PMP: *uaʔ)

uauncle, aunt (PMP: *ua₂)

uabyawn, gape (PMP: *huab₂) *Suab

ualfeeling of fatigue and pain in the tendons of the hands and feet (NEAR)

uatsinew; muscle; vein (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC

ubadmedicine, remedy (LOAN)

Balinese (1640 / 1712)

ubangrey hair; have grey hair (PMP: *quban) *qubaN

ubia species of potato (PMP: *qubi)

ucapsay, speak, tell, report, announce (LOAN)

udayoung, fresh (PMP: *qubi)

udaŋshrimp (esp. in rivers) (PAN: *qudaŋ)

uhutmassage (muscles); rub with pressure (PMP: *quRut)

ujanrain, shower (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

ujan batuhail (PMP: *quzan batu₂) *quzaN

ujitest, inspect, examine (PWMP: *uzi)

ujurstretched out, rectilinear (PMP: *qunzur)

ukircarve, engrave, decorate with carving (wood, stone or metal) (PMP: *ukir)

ukir-ancarved work; carving-tool (PWMP: *ukir-an) *ukir

ukurmeasure, measure off, survey (land); estimate, guess (LOAN)

ukuthang over (ears of rice), walk bent over with age; be bent (PMP: *quŋkut) *qukut

ulakwind, wind up (yarn) (PWMP: *ulak)

ulak-anreel, spool (of thread, yarn) (PWMP: *ulak-an) *ulak

ulamflesh, meat, fish (PWMP: *qulam)

uledworm, grub, caterpillar (PMP: *qulej)

uled-uledworms, caterpillars (PMP: *qulej qulej) *qulej

uleswrapper, cushion-cover, mattress-cover, glove, skin (animal); outward appearance, color (PMP: *qules₂) *qules

Balinese (1660 / 1712)

ulihreturn, coming back, homecoming; through, because of (PMP: *uliq₁)

uluhead; top, chief; leader; upstream, uphill, above (PMP: *qulu) *quluh

ulun aŋensolar plexus, pit of the stomach (LOAN)

umafield, arable land (PMP: *quma) *qumah

uman tyaŋé limaŋ anun i rakathe field of me (is) five (times) that of I Raka (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁

umbakwave, surf (PWMP: *humbak)

umbituber, root, tuberous vegetable (PMP: *qubi)

umbi-umbi-anyam (PMP: *qubi)

umbulfountain, spring; bubble up, well up (water) (PWMP: *umbul)

undurretreat, yield (PWMP: *undur)

unebcarved wooden panel put over a doorway as an ornament; lock, shut up (ROOT)

uni, uñisound, make a sound (PMP: *huni) *Suni

unjanincrease, add to; rise, as a price (Panitia 1978) (PWMP: *unzan)

untutooth, tusk (PMP: *quntu)

uṇṭukmake a deep bow, hang the head (PWMP: *hutuk)

uŋkabto open, lift the lid of a box, untie a bandage (PWMP: *hu(ŋ)kab)

uŋkab-inbe opened (PWMP: *hukab-en) *hu(ŋ)kab

uŋkuhwalk in a bent posture (PWMP: *hukuq)

uŋkuhwalk in a bent posture, walk bowed down (PWMP: *ukuq)

uŋkuswrap in a cloth (ROOT)

Balinese (1680 / 1712)

upahwages, pay, hire (PMP: *upaq)

upah-angbe paid for for someone (PWMP: *upaq-an) *upaq

upah-upah-anhireling, one who is paid (PWMP: *upaq-an) *upaq

upaspoison (snake, etc.) (PMP: *upas₁)

upihthe calyx of a banana-flower; the sheath surrounding the spring of leaves of the palm (used as a container) (PMP: *hupiq) *Supiq

uremunclear, misty, cloudy (sky), half-dark, twilight (PAN: *qudem)

uriback; come after, be behind, walk behind (PMP: *udehi)

usikannoy, vex (PMP: *usik)

utahvomit (PAN: *utaq)

utaŋdebt (PMP: *qutaŋ)

utaŋ-inbe in debt to someone (PWMP: *qutaŋ-en) *qutaŋ

utekbrain (PMP: *hutek)

utussend (a person) (PWMP: *utus₂)

uyahsalt (LOAN)

uyaŋturn from side to side on a bed; be unable to sleep (PWMP: *huyaŋ)

uyuŋdizzy, staggering (PWMP: *Ruyuŋ)

wahujust, just now (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh

waŋkédead body, corpse (PWMP: *baŋkay)

warakrhinoceros (LOAN)

warisheir, joint heirs (LOAN)

Balinese (1700 / 1712)

waris-anestate, inheritance (LOAN)

wataŋcorpse (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁

wataŋ-ancorpse; corpus delicti; an eye-witness (PWMP: *bataŋ-an) *bataŋ₁

wewater (High Balinese) (PMP: *wahiR)

wedakointment (LOAN)

welassuffix used to form numerals from 11-19 (but not 18) (LOAN)

welasmercy, pity, favor (NOISE)

wenaŋdominate, permit, have power, be the authority (LOAN)

weŋievening, night, darkness; become dark (PMP: *beRŋi)

weteŋbelly, abdomen (PWMP: *beteŋ₂) *beteŋ₁

wikulearned, wise; learned man, doctor, priest (LOAN)

yaan emphasizing particle, it is also used for yes (PAN: *qia)

yuŋdamaged, destroyed, upset, in confusion; swing (PWMP: *iuŋ)

yuŋ-yuŋ-aŋbe made to swing, be given a swing (of a child) (PWMP: *iuŋ)

yuyucrab, lobster (PMP: *qayuyu)

za-ŋa-vulukuten (PMP: *ŋa)

Balinese (High) (5) WMP

asihlove, like, favor (PMP: *qasiq) High

dadachest, breast (PWMP: *dahdah) *daSdaS High

pagerfence, wall, hadge, fortification (PMP: *pager) High

pasarmarket (LOAN) High

pusernavel (PMP: *pusej) High

Balinese (Low) (4) WMP

pagehbe fenced (PMP: *pager) Low

pageh-ana hedge, fence, wall, fortification (PMP: *pager) Low

puŋsednavel (PMP: *pusej) Low

sahutanswer (PMP: *saRut) Low

Balingian (10) WMP. see: Melanau (Balingian)

57. Baluan (16) OC (Blust n.d. 1975) [blq] (Baluan-Pam) Papua New Guinea

kanaicanarium almond (PMP: *kanari)

kapu-nstomach of an animal (POC: *kabuŋ) *kampuŋ

kawkava: Piper methysticum (LOAN)

kumwest wind (NEAR)

kupʷenkind of long rectangular fishing net (POC: *kupwena)

lakto go (POC: *lako) *lakaw

latcoral limestone (POC: *laje)

mwanene-nstraight (POC: *mwanene)

mwaneyunicorn fish (POC: *mwanoRe)

mwasowcinnamon (POC: *masou)

paŋto feed (POC: *paŋan) *kaen

paŋto feed (PMP: *paŋan)

para-n pameareca palm (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁

para-n pwaŋthigh (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁

silbamboo on sail (POC: *jila)

suysoup (POC: *suRuq₁) *zuRuq

58. Banggai (335) WMP (Bergh 1953) [bgz] Indonesia (Sulawesi)

a-causative prefix (PAN: *pa-₂)

abincarry in the arms (PMP: *qabin)

abukfireplace, hearth (PMP: *qabuk)

ademandible, chin (PMP: *qazay)

aifoot, leg (PAN: *qaqay)

ajalanhorse (LOAN)

akaltrick, ruse, deceit, fraud, artifice (LOAN)

akatroot (PMP: *wakat)

alatake away, fetch (PAN: *alaq₁)

alostough creepers or tendrils; rope (PMP: *waRej)

alueight (PAN: *walu)

ampitwhat is folded (PMP: *hapit) *Sapit

ampunforgiveness, pardon (PMP: *ampun)

-ansuffix forming adjectives. The suffix -an is actually local, and in the second instance temporal, and it thus gives the place and time at which or in which the meaning of the stem word is realized... Examples of adjectives with the suffix -an are: buluŋ-an 'loud, of sound' (from buluŋ 'throat', boo-an 'evil-smelling' (from boo 'stench'), buku-an 'strong' (from buku 'bone'), mon-doso-an 'be taboo' (from doso 'a taboo')...The collective function of -an which is found in some other languages is seen in osoa-an 'to marry' (from soa 'spouse') ... In other cases the meaning of the stem word is not available in Banggai, and hence the precise meaning of the suffix -an cannot be determined (PAN: *-an)

anuwhatchamacallit (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁

asudog (PAN: *asu₁)

ataslave (PMP: *qaRta)

ateliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay

ate-andeep (PMP: *qatay-an) *qaCay

baakbreak off, broken off (PMP: *baqak₁)

Banggai (20 / 335)

bababring (PMP: *baba₁)

babamouth (PMP: *baqbaq)

ba-babufamily member (LOAN)

babakbeat a drum (PAN: *bakbak₂)

babohigh-rising forest (PAN: *babaw₃)

ba-bukuexert oneself, make an effort (PMP: *bukuh)

ba-buŋato bloom (PMP: *buŋa)

babuypig (PAN: *babuy₃)

ba-kita-anlook at oneself in the mirror (PAN: *kita₂) *kita

balaniblack magic (PMP: *baRani)

bala-tindakperform a war dance (PWMP: *tinzak)

balikfade, of colors (PMP: *balik₂)

baluk-onsold (PMP: *baluk₂)

banaaŋthread, yarn (PWMP: *banaeŋ)

bansukhousepost (ROOT)

bansuŋlarge basket (PWMP: *basuŋ)

baŋunrise, stand up (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN

barani(Loan) brave, courageous, daring; war leader; dare to do something (PMP: *baRani)

baratheavy (PMP: *beReqat)

ba-salul-anwater conduit, water pipe of bamboo (PWMP: *saluR)

Banggai (40 / 335)

ba-sumpitgo hunting with a blowgun (PMP: *sumpit)

ba-susupto smoke (tobacco) (PAN: *supsup)

ba-tanomdig oneself in (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem

bataŋtrunk, stalk, stem (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁

ba-tilaluplay a bamboo flute (PMP: *tulali) *tulani

batustone (PMP: *batu) *batux

batu-onstony, full of stones (as soil) (PWMP: *batu-en) *batux

baʔa-k-atecommit suicide (PMP: *atay) *aCay

be-belaywide, broad (PMP: *bekelaj)

beegive (PMP: *beRay)

belay-anbreadth, width (PWMP: *bekelaj-an) *bekelaj

bibillip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR

bibiledge (PMP: *birbir₁)

bilatwith open eyes; seeing; clear; fire (PMP: *bilat₁)

bilatwith the eyes open (ROOT)

bilitanews (LOAN)

bindana upaspoisonous snake (PMP: *upas₁)

biŋgislanting, oblique, at an angle (NOISE)

bisasupernaturally powerful (LOAN)

bisarato speak; speech; language (LOAN)

Banggai (60 / 335)

bitiscalf of the leg (PMP: *bities)

bituonmoon; month (PAN: *bituqen)

bituon paunostar (PAN: *bituqen)

bo-boŋolhard of hearing (PMP: *beŋel)

bo-bosulsatisfied from having eaten enough, satiated (PAN: *besuR)

boboytie, bind (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej

bodoʔstupid (LOAN)

bokolwave, billow (ROOT)

bonesand (NEAR)

bonuahouse, dwelling (PMP: *banua)

boŋoldeaf (PMP: *beŋel)

booodor, stench (PMP: *bahu)

boo-anevil-smelling, reeking (PWMP: *bahu-an) *bahu

bosepaddle; to paddle, travel over sea (PMP: *beRsay)

bose-anvoyage (PWMP: *beRsay-an) *beRsay

botikdecoration; color; carving (PMP: *betik₂) *beCik

botokforearm (PWMP: *beteken)

buaŋhole, pit; it leaks! (PAN: *buhaŋ)

buaŋ-anhaving a hole (PAN: *buhaŋ)

bubuŋa well (PMP: *bubuŋ₂)

Banggai (80 / 335)

bueacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)

bukato open (PMP: *buka)

bukalto boil (intr.) (PMP: *bukal₁) *bukal

bukubone (PMP: *bukuh)

buku-anstrong (PMP: *buku-an) *bukuh

bulitrear end, seat, buttocks (PMP: *buRit₁) *buRit

bulitbuttocks, rear end (PMP: *burit₁)

buluŋweed (PMP: *buluŋ₂)

bunduextremity, far end (PMP: *budu)

bunomcloud (ROOT)

buŋaflower, blossom (PMP: *buŋa)

buŋkulknobby, bumpy, lumpy; hump (PMP: *buŋkul)

buŋkullumpy, having lumps or bumps (PWMP: *bu(ŋ)kul)

buŋkul-anhump, lump (PWMP: *buŋkul-an) *buŋkul

buŋkul-ana lump or bump (PWMP: *bu(ŋ)kul)

buŋkutneck (PMP: *bukut)

butamud, mire; earth, soil (PMP: *buRtaq)

buukhead hair (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS

daŋkaŋwide apart (PWMP: *zaŋkaŋ)

dapitpinch, squeeze, press (PWMP: *zapit)

Banggai (100 / 335)

deŋkulto bend; bent (PWMP: *deŋkul)

deŋkuŋcurly, of the hair (PMP: *zeŋkuŋ)

deŋkuŋcurly, of hair; bend (PMP: *dekuŋ)

dilepglitter, sparkle, shine (PMP: *dilep)

-gu1sg possessive pronoun after bases that end with ŋ (PMP: *ni-ku) *-ku

igeneric prefix of location (PAN: *i₂)

ipersonal article (PAN: *i₃)

i-aku1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku)

idak, indaktrample down (PMP: *inzak)

idutremove clothes (ROOT)

i-kami1pl. excl. independent pronoun, we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami

i-kitawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁

i-komuyu2pl. independent pronoun, you all (PMP: *kamu-yu) *amu

inumto drink (PMP: *inum)

iŋatthink about; remember (PMP: *iŋat)

ioyes (PMP: *qio)

ka-formative of abstract nouns from adjectival bases: ka-lanak ‘greasiness’ (cp. ma-lanak ‘greasy’) (PAN: *ka-₅)

kabusall gone, finished, consumed, used up (PMP: *kabus₁)

kabusgone, finished (ROOT)

kalamatalarge basket (PWMP: *kalamata)

Banggai (120 / 335)

kalitatakbutterfly (PAN: *kali-)

kamalipalace, residence of the prince (PMP: *kamaliR)

-kami1pl. excl. accusative pronoun, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami

kandalrailing, place to lean (ROOT)

ka-nipithinness (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis

ka-patusend (PAN: *pa-kaCu) *kaCu

kasorafter (PMP: *kasaw₁)

kayapto beckon, wave the hand (PWMP: *kayab)

kayu-ŋtree, living wood (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw

kiduŋa men’s dance with singing (PWMP: *kiduŋ)

kilaplightning (PMP: *kilap)

k<in>aanwas eaten by someone; food (PAN: *k<in>aen) *kaen

ko-koon-onfood, meal (PAN: *ka-kaen-en) *kaen

ko-lima-nofifth (ordinal numeral) (PMP: *ika-lima) *lima

komboŋbelly; stomach (PWMP: *kempuŋ) *kempeŋ

-komuyu2pl. accusative, you all (PMP: *kamu-yu) *amu

ko-onaswarmth (PMP: *panas₁)

ko tolu-nothe third (PMP: *ka-telu) *telu

kukusrising of smoke (PWMP: *kuskus₁)

kukusrising of smoke (PWMP: *kukus)

Banggai (140 / 335)

kumbalstem of the sago leaf (PMP: *kumbal)

ku-mosiklarge black forest ant (PMP: *me(n)tik) *me(n)tik (X + me(n)tik)

laalhunger (PMP: *lapaR₁)

lakatroot (PWMP: *lakat₁)

laŋkoheight, altitude, elevation (PMP: *laŋkaw)

laŋudrunk, intoxicated (PAN: *laŋu)

lapusgone, lost (PWMP: *la(m)pus₁)

lasopenis; young boy (PMP: *laseR)

lasopenis; boy (PMP: *lasuq₂)

leeŋcave, grotto, cavern, den (PMP: *liaŋ)

limafive (PAN: *lima)

loaspider (PMP: *lawaq₂)

loonleaf (PMP: *dahun)

luatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa

lukutbrood, sit on the nest (PWMP: *dukut₁)

lusukside of the body (PAN: *Rusuk)

maashame (PMP: *ma-heyaq) *Seyaq

ma-anusdrift on a current (PMP: *ma-qañud) *qañud

ma-baŋunto stand something upright (PWMP: *ma-baŋun) *baŋuN

Banggai (160 / 335)

ma-bayarto pay (PMP: *bayaD)

maiCome! (PAN: *um-ai) *ai₃

ma-katolscabies, mange (PMP: *ma-gatel) *gaCel

ma-katolscabies, itch (PMP: *gatel) *gaCel

ma-katol-onsuffer from scabies (PWMP: *gatel-en) *gaCel

ma-katol-onmangy, scabby (PMP: *gatel) *gaCel

ma-laalhungry (PMP: *lapaR₁)

malaneman; male (PMP: *ma-Ruqanay) *RuqaNay

ma-laŋudrunk (PAN: *ma-laŋu) *laŋu

ma-maashy, ashamed (PMP: *ma-heyaq) *Seyaq

ma-mate-konkill (PMP: *ma-m-atay) *aCay

mamissweet (PAN: *ma-hemis) *hemis

ma-nipithin (PMP: *ma-nipis) *Nipis

man-tabasto hack, cut; murder (PWMP: *tabas) *tabas₁

man-talunto weed (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN

man-tanomto bury (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem

man-tapaplace something on a (drying) rack (PWMP: *man-tapa) *Capa

manukchicken (PMP: *manuk)

manu-manuklarger kinds of birds (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk

maŋ-abincarry in the arms (PWMP: *meŋ-qabin) *qabin

Banggai (180 / 335)

maŋa-kabusto spend, squander (PMP: *kabus₁)

maŋa-k-atekill (PMP: *atay) *aCay

maŋ-alatake away, fetch (PWMP: *maŋ-alaq₁) *alaq₁

maŋ-ampil-konbring close to oneself (PMP: *hampil)

maŋ-ampitto fold (PWMP: *maŋ-hapit) *Sapit

maŋ-anasmake something warm (PMP: *panas₁)

maŋ-anusset something adrift (PAN: *qañud)

maŋ-asuhunt with dogs (PWMP: *maŋ-asu) *asu₁

maŋ-ata-ipossess or obtain slaves (PMP: *qaRta)

maŋa-takutto frighten (PAN: *takut)

maŋ-kaanto eat (PMP: *ma-ŋaen) *kaen

maŋ-ka-nipimake something thin (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis

maŋka-sakitmake someone sick, cause someone pain (PMP: *sakit)

maŋkoʔcup (LOAN)

ma-sakitsick, painful; cause pain (PMP: *ma-sakit) *sakit

ma-salacommit adultery (PWMP: *ma-salaq) *salaq₁

mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

ma-takutafraid, be afraid (PAN: *ma-takut) *takut

matedie (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay

mate-andeath (PMP: *m-atay-an) *aCay

Banggai (200 / 335)

mbambadoor (PMP: *baqbaq)

mbambadoor (NOISE)

mbefmbefgoat (LOAN)

mo-bilitainform, give news (LOAN)

mo-bisara-konto discuss, talk over (LOAN)

mo-bosepaddle a canoe (PMP: *beRsay)

mo-bose-itravel to (PMP: *beRsay)

mo-bose-kongo to, travel with (PMP: *beRsay)

mo-bubus-onstream out, be strewn about (PMP: *busbus)

mo-buka-konto open for someone (PMP: *buka)

mo-loŋolto hear (PWMP: *ma-deŋeR) *deŋeR

mo-loŋol-i-konlisten to something (PMP: *deŋeR)

mo-lulunroll something up (PMP: *lulun) *luluN

mo-lusukthin, skinny (showing the ribs), emaciated (PWMP: *ma-Rusuk) *Rusuk

mo-minakfat (of dead matter) (PMP: *miñak)

mom-popotto close off, plug a hole so that nothing can get through (PWMP: *petpet₂)

mon-doŋol-ilisten to (PMP: *deŋeR)

mon-sintakto pull, snare something (PWMP: *sintak)

mon-sususuck at the breast (PWMP: *ma-ñusu) *susu₁

mon-susukto price or pierce (PAN: *suksuk)

Banggai (220 / 335)

mon-tian-aŋ-gonpregnant with (PMP: *tian-an) *tiaN

mon-tolun-ito weed, of multiple objects (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN

mon-tulun-igo below toward (something) (PMP: *tuRun₁)

moŋ-idakto trample down (PWMP: *maŋ-inzak) *inzak

moŋ-inumto drink (PMP: *maŋ-inum) *inum

moŋ-iŋatthink about, remember (PWMP: *maŋ-iŋat) *iŋat

moŋ-kitato see (PAN: *kita₂) *kita

moŋ-kita-anmirror (PAN: *kita₂) *kita

moŋ-kita-konto show, display (PAN: *kita₂) *kita

moŋ-obin-itake in the arms (PWMP: *meŋ-qabin) *qabin

moŋ-ompun-ito pardon (PWMP: *maŋ-ampun-i) *ampun

moŋ-oyok-ito kiss (PWMP: *meŋ-hajek) *Sajek

moŋ-uaŋto call, cry, shout (PWMP: *maŋ-quaŋ) *quaŋ₂

moŋ-uaŋ-goncall to, shout after (PWMP: *maŋ-quaŋ) *quaŋ₂

moŋ-ululpay out rope (PWMP: *maŋ-huluR) *SuluR

mo-onaswarm (PMP: *panas₁)

mo-onofull (PMP: *ma-penuq) *peNuq

mo-ono ko tobuiflood (PMP: *ma-penuq) *peNuq

moo-pisokblind (PWMP: *picek) *picek₁

mo-sosopto suck (PAN: *sepsep)

Banggai (240 / 335)

mo-susunput in layers, stack up (PMP: *susun) *susuN

nukaframboesia (PWMP: *nuka-en) *Nuka

nukaframboesia (PMP: *nuka) *Nuka

nuka-onhave framboesia (PWMP: *nuka-en) *Nuka

-ŋgu1sg possessive pronoun after vowels (suffixed to the possessum for directly possessed nouns such as body parts, but to the determiner ko for indirectly possessed nouns): ko mata-ŋgu ‘my eye’, but ko-ŋgu bonua ‘my house’ (PMP: *ni-ku) *-ku

obusfinished, done (PWMP: *ebus)

oloyoday (PMP: *qalejaw)

oloyoday, sun; daylight (PMP: *qalejaw)

oloyo mata-nosun (‘eye of the day’) (PAN: *mata nu qalejaw) *maCa

o-otiebb (PMP: *qeti₁)

pa-bayarmeans of payment; payment (PMP: *bayaD)

paisu mata-nospring, source of water (PMP: *mata nu wahiR) *maCa

pantalflat, level (PMP: *pa(n)tar₁)

pan-talunweeding implement (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN

pantanforbidden (LOAN)

paŋabranch (PAN: *paŋa₁)

pa-saŋkopdoor, lid (PWMP: *sa(ŋ)kep)

pa-saŋkopdoor (PWMP: *cakep)

patalflat, level (PWMP: *pataR₂)

Banggai (260 / 335)

patal-anplain (PWMP: *pataR-an) *pataR₂

peliŋkind of bamboo (PMP: *periŋ)

pinsil mata-nopoint of a pencil (PMP: *mata) *maCa

piotyoungest child (PMP: *piut)

pituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu

po-alamarry (PAN: *alaq₁)

po-kabus-ontil it is all gone, totally (PMP: *kabus₁)

po-luluninstrument used to roll things up (PMP: *lulun) *luluN

pon-tinahen (PMP: *t-ina) *ina

pooa-k-atekill each other, fight to the death, duel, go to war (PMP: *atay) *aCay

poo-bitikick one another's calves (a boys' game) (PMP: *bintiq)

poo-kaanto eat together (PAN: *kaen)

poo-kitasee one another (PAN: *kita₂) *kita

poo-sa-saladifferent, various (PMP: *salaq₁)

pupupluck (PMP: *pupu₁)

sagusago, edible palm pith (PMP: *sagu₁)

sakitsickness (PMP: *sakit)

salawrong; mistake, error, fault (PMP: *salaq₁)

salulwater conduit of bamboo (PWMP: *saluD)

saŋkopclose (PWMP: *sa(ŋ)kep)

Banggai (280 / 335)

saŋkopto close (PWMP: *cakep)

sa-pikulone shouder load (of things carried) (LOAN)

sintakto pull, jerk, snare (PWMP: *sintak)

siŋgo-tolu-konthree by three, three each (PAN: *telu)

sionine (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa

so-bonua-none night (PMP: *banua)

sokuto cover (ROOT)

solokstream, current (PWMP: *seleg)

so-ŋ-uloten (PMP: *ŋa)

sumpit-anblowgun (PMP: *sumpit)

susubreast, udder (PAN: *susu₁)

susu leelomilk (PAN: *susu₁)

susunlayer, stack (PMP: *susun) *susuN

susupcigarette; straw (for sipping) (PAN: *supsup)

susup-ancigarette paper or leaf (PAN: *supsup)

ta-we (incl.) (PAN: *-ta)

takutfear (PAN: *takut)

tamafather (PMP: *t-amax) *amax

tamistest, taste, sample (PMP: *tamis)

tanoearth, ground; world (PMP: *taneq)

Banggai (300 / 335)

tapa-anrack on which something is dried (PWMP: *tapa-an) *Capa

tarimato receive (LOAN)

ta-talunknife for cutting weeds (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN

tiauterus, womb; belly (PMP: *tian) *tiaN

tian-anpregnant (PMP: *tian-an) *tiaN

tilalubamboo flute (PMP: *tulali) *tulani

timus-onsalt (PAN: *timus)

tinaM (PMP: *t-ina) *ina

tindakstamp with the foot (PWMP: *ti(n)zak)

tindakstamp the feet (PWMP: *tinzak)

tobokprick, pierce, stick (with a weapon) (PAN: *tebek)

to-bulus-oncarried away by water (PWMP: *bulus)

toluthree (PAN: *telu)

tudaŋto sit, of birds; roost (PMP: *tu(n)daŋ)

tugal, tuŋgalplant rice (PWMP: *tugal)

tukalladder, steps (PWMP: *tukad₁)

tulunto sink (PMP: *tuRun₁)

tumbuncovered with (PWMP: *tumbun)

tutuknod the head (ROOT)

tu-tuu ~ tuu-tuureally true, really right; really, truly (PMP: *tuqu₂)

Banggai (320 / 335)

tuutrue, real (PMP: *tuqu₂)

tuuldry (of wood, grass) (PMP: *tuquR)

-u ~ -oŋgu1sg possessive pronoun after consonants other than ŋ construction ko-X-ŋgu): my (PMP: *ni-ku) *-ku

udanrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

udan-onget caught in the rain (PAN: *quzan-en) *quzaN

ukifemale pudendum; young girl (PWMP: *uki)

ukivulva, vagina; little girl (PAN: *puki)

uléreturn, go back (PMP: *uliq₁)

uloyworm, earthworm, maggot, caterpillar (PMP: *qulej)

uloy-onhave worms (PMP: *qulej-en) *qulej

uluhead (PMP: *qulu) *quluh

ululfish with line let out from the hand (PMP: *huluR) *SuluR

usokenter, go in (PMP: *u(n)sek)

uubase of a tree; origin; cause (PMP: *puqun)

wuliliwhirlpool (NOISE)

Banggi (27) WMP. see: Bonggi

59. Banjarese (112) WMP (Hapip 1977) [bjn] (Banjar) Indonesia (Kalimantan)

a-anak-andoll (PWMP: *a-anak-an) *aNak

aduhexclamation of pain, surprise, etc. (PMP: *aduq)

ambundew (PWMP: *ambun)

ambuttear off coconut husk (PMP: *abut₁)

ambutpull off the husk of a coconut (PMP: *hebut) *SebuC

ampikclap (PWMP: *ampik)

ampunpardon (PMP: *ampun)

anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak

anak-anfingerlings of fish (PWMP: *anak-an) *aNak

anakan habuminute young of the murrel (Ophiocephalus striatus) (PWMP: *qabu qabu)

anaywhite ant, termite (PAN: *aNay)

antahremnant of rice husk that remains attached to grain after the pounding (PWMP: *ataq)

antiŋearring (LOAN)

aŋak aŋak(person) in a state of complete exhaustion (PWMP: *haŋak)

asahwhetting, sharpening (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq

asakhole made with a dibble stick for planting rice (PMP: *hasek₁)

asapsmoke (PWMP: *asep)

asiobedient, devoted to (PWMP: *qasi₁) *qasi

ataŋfence around a graveyard; place for the hearth, made of heaped-up earth (PWMP: *ataŋ₁)

ataŋfence enclosing a graveyard (NOISE)

Banjarese (20 / 112)

atarconduct, escort, convey (PMP: *hateD) *SateD

atawaor (LOAN)

aturarrange (LOAN)

ba-atar-anconvey an engagement gift (PMP: *hateD) *SateD

ba-aturput in stacks (LOAN)

ba-atur-anto order, arrange (LOAN)

babalstupid (PWMP: *balbal₂)

babattripe (LOAN)

ba-isihave, exist (PAN: *isi₅)

ba-isihave, possess; exist (PWMP: *maR-isi) *isi₅

ba-jualto sell (LOAN)

balisahrestless (LOAN)

bambaŋ-ankind of marine fish (PMP: *baŋbaŋ₅)

bar-anakgive birth (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak

bar-anak-anhave a child (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak

barasakcrammed full (ROOT)

baʔahflood (PMP: *bahaq₂) *baSaq

biruaŋthe Malayan honey bear: Ursus malayanus (PWMP: *biRuaŋ)

halambefore, last night, yesterday (PMP: *halem)

halimatakleech (PWMP: *qali-matek) *-matek

Banjarese (40 / 112)

halimatakjungle leech (PAN: *qali-)

hambartasteless, insipid (PMP: *qambaR)

hampaempty (PMP: *qapah)

hampalasa plant, Tetracera assa; the leaves are used as sandpaper (PMP: *qa(m)pelas)

hampaŋfish weir (PMP: *qempeŋ)

hamparspread out a mat (PMP: *hampaR) *SapaR

hamukfurious attack, charge (PMP: *hamuk)

hanawa palm: Arena spp. (PMP: *qanahaw)

hangkutto move (as house), transport (PMP: *hakut) *SakuC

hantabrackish, as water; unpleasant (of the taste of food) (PWMP: *qanta)

hantasshortcut; take a shortcut (PWMP: *qantas)

haŋatwarm, hot (NOISE)

haŋitburn up, become charcoal (PAN: *qaŋeSit)

haruana murrel (PWMP: *haruqan)

haruscurrent (PMP: *qaRus)

hasilrent, tax (LOAN)

hataproof; thatch for roofing (PMP: *qatep)

haurkind of bamboo (PMP: *qauR)

hausthirsty (LOAN)

hayucome on! lets go! (LOAN)

Banjarese (60 / 112)

hiapcry out, shout (NOISE)

hiaucall to someone (PAN: *qiaw)

hibumother (LOAN)

(h)iŋga-nboundary, border; as far as (PMP: *qiŋga)

hirienvious (PWMP: *qiRih)

hiriŋslant, incline (PWMP: *qiriŋ₂)

hirisslice, carve (PMP: *qiris)

hisobject to children doing something (PMP: *qis)

hisapsuck (PMP: *qisep)

humbutedible pith; palm cabbage (PMP: *qubuj)

huŋakgasp for breath (ROOT)

huŋkillevering up (PWMP: *quŋkil)

huruŋsurround, crowd in upon (PMP: *quruŋ)

imbaŋweigh, balance; compare (PMP: *imbaŋ)

impawatch out for, beware (PMP: *hipaʔ)

indikshort (NOISE)

indu-ŋmother (PWMP: *indu-ŋ) *indu

injamborrow (PWMP: *hinzam)

isicontents (PAN: *isi₅)

itilclitoris (PWMP: *itil)

Banjarese (80 / 112)

jahatnoose trap (PWMP: *zeRet)

jarijifinger (LOAN)

jualsell (LOAN)

kam-anak-annephew, niece (PWMP: *kam-anak-en) *aNak

kam-anak-ansibling’s child, cousin’s child (< *anak ‘child’) (PWMP: *kam- -an)

kipitnarrow (PAN: *kipit)

licakmuddy (Also Malay lécak 'moist and slippery, as ground after rain') (ROOT)

luaiworm (PWMP: *ulay₁)

luaiworm (NOISE)

luaŋhole (PMP: *luaŋ₁)

luhukbay (PWMP: *luquk)

ma-napakto slap (PMP: *tepak₁)

man-jualto sell (LOAN)

ma-uarredden something with uar (PMP: *huaR)

ruhakwiden, enlarge (PWMP: *ruqag)

sahaŋpepper (NOISE)

susahpoor (LOAN)

tapakslap, blow with the open hand (PMP: *tepak₁)

ta-tiupbellows (PMP: *tiup)

tiŋadahto look upward (PWMP: *tiŋadaq)

Banjarese (100 / 112)

tiupto blow (PMP: *tiup)

tuhaold (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS

uarkind of plant the bark of which is used to tan skins or to steep clothes (PMP: *huaR)

ukaŋto bite (with the mouth wide) (PWMP: *u(ŋ)kaŋ)

ulam-anfood which refreshes or cleans the mouth (PWMP: *qulam-an) *qulam

untuknod the head (ROOT)

uŋapopen (of the mouth) (PMP: *uŋap)

uŋapopen (of the mouth) (ROOT)

uŋkapto open (PWMP: *hu(ŋ)kab)

uŋutmeditate on (PWMP: *uŋut)

uŋut-uŋutwrapped up in one's thoughts (PWMP: *uŋut)

utakbrain (PMP: *hutek)

60. Banoni (11) OC [bcm] (Bannoni) Papua New Guinea

atuŋtuna fish (POC: *qatun)

garaurain (POC: *kadapuR)

kamisuto spit (POC: *kamisu)

kirered Eclectus parrot (POC: *kiRak)

manukaSanford’s sea eagle: Haliaeetusanfordi (POC: *manuka)

matedie (POC: *mate) *aCay

taghisisea, saltwater, more a place than a liquid; gutsini more a liquid (PMP: *tasik)

tama-father (PMP: *t-amax) *amax

to-atsifour (PCEMP: *pat-i) *Sepat

va-matekill (POC: *paka-mate) *aCay

vasaŋaname (POC: *acan) *ajan

Bantaeng Makasarese (2) WMP. see: Makassarese (Bantaeng)

61. Bantik (16) WMP (Sneddon 1984) [bnq] Indonesia (Sulawesi)

duhi nu husuʔrib (PAN: *Rusuk)

husuʔthin (of person) (PAN: *Rusuk)

(i)amaʔfather (PMP: *ama-q) *amax

kanehabaʔyesterday (PAN: *ka-₁)

ka-nehab-aʔyesterday (PMP: *ñeRab)

kiniŋeyebrow (PWMP: *kiniŋ)

nípisiʔthin (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis

sáhihiʔfloor (PMP: *saleR)

sákeleɁto kick (with toes) (PMP: *sakil)

siownine (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa

sulúŋto shelter (from sun, rain) (PMP: *suluŋ₁)

tabasaʔto hack down (e.g. scrub to make gardens) (PWMP: *tebas₂)

tuhaŋrelative of the same generation (PMP: *tuRaŋ)

tulito call on, visit (PMP: *tuluy₂)

tulito call on, visit (PWMP: *tuli₂) *tuli

uyanrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN

Bantoqanon (24) WMP. see: Bantuqanon

62. Bantuqanon (24) WMP (Zorc 1977) [aka: Bantoqanon]

abagashoulder (PMP: *qabaRa₁)

anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak

atayliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay

bayayhouse (PMP: *balay)

bituʔonstar (PAN: *bituqen)

buhokhead hair (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS

bulanmoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN

haŋinwind (PMP: *haŋin)

iloŋnose (PMP: *ijuŋ)

itlogegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR

likorback (of the body) (PAN: *likud)

mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa

nagenitive case marker for plural personal names (PAN: *na₃)

ŋayanname (PMP: *ŋajan)

putiʔwhite (PMP: *putiq)

rahonleaf (PMP: *dahun)

rilaʔtongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)

rogoʔblood (PMP: *zuRuq)

ruhatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa

sawasnake (PMP: *sawa)

Bantuqanon (20 / 24)

sidahe, she (PAN: *si ia₁) *ia₁

tawoperson, human being (PMP: *tau₁) *Cau

usaone (PAN: *esa)

uyohead (PMP: *qulu) *quluh

63. Bare'e (961) WMP (Adriani 1928) [pmf] (Pamona) Indonesia (Sulawesi) (dialects: Lalau 1, Luwu 1)

-apolite form of -ña 'pronominal suffix of the 3rd person (PMP: *-a₂)

aaan exclamation which expresses a variety of emotions, above all uncertainty, amazement or annoyance (PMP: *a₃)

ajasubstitute term for 'dog' (asu) (PWMP: *qayam₂)

ajechin, jaw (PMP: *qazay)

akiraft (PMP: *Rakit)

aku1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku)

a-limafive (independent form) (PAN: *lima)

alintajungle leech that moves like an inchworm (PWMP: *qali-metaq) *-meCaq

alipacentipede (PMP: *qalu-hipan) *qalu-Sipan

alipoposmall flying insect, possibly firefly by daylight (PMP: *qali-petpet)

ambawavery large mango variety with a strong turpentine odor which grows primarily on the shore: Mangifera odorata (PWMP: *qambawaŋ)

am-pulidust or dirt in the eye (PWMP: *puliŋ₂)

ampúnitree fern. The pith is fed to pigs, the wood is burned as a mosquito repellant, the roots (a pretty black) are chopped into bits and used 1. as beads, and 2. as a magical charm (PMP: *apuni)

am-punitree fern, Alsophila sp. The pith is fed to pigs, the wood is burned to repel mosquitos, the shiny black roots are chopped up and used to make beads and as a ritual substance in ceremonies to assist the rice, because the plant is very tenacious (PMP: *puni₁) *puni

ámpuŋ-iforgiveness, pardon (PMP: *ampun)

anachild, young one (always as a qualifier of another noun); sometimes also used of a part of some larger thing (PMP: *anak) *aNak

ana iluorphan (PMP: *anak) *aNak

ana manuchick (PMP: *anak i manuk) *aNak

ana matapupil of the eye (PMP: *anak i mata) *aNak

ana ndaratastepchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak

Bare'e (20 / 961)

ana ndoroneonate (lit. 'red child') (PMP: *anak a ma-iRaq) *aNak

ana ntausomeone else's child (PMP: *anak) *aNak

ana n-tausomeone else's child (PMP: *anak i tau) *aNak

ana ŋkadoeillegitimate child (PMP: *anak) *aNak

ana piobaby chicks, baby birds (PMP: *piqek)

ana piochick, baby bird (PMP: *piek)

ana uyu-efirstborn child (PMP: *anak a qulu) *aNak

ana uyu-efirst-born child (PMP: *qulu) *quluh

anaʔ iluorphan (PWMP: *ilu)

ancoforce one's way through grass and bushes; wander in the wilderness (PWMP: *ansaw)

anetermite, white ant (PAN: *aNay)

anituname for the spirits that reside in the village temple (lobo) or in the smithy; a small snake that often stays in the temple ... is the personification of an anitu (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu

a-nuindefinite pronoun, word used to indicate something for which one will not or cannot use the proper name (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁

aŋkubent forward, as someone carrying a heavy load (ROOT)

a-opofour (independent numeral) (PMP: *a-epat) *Sepat

apaa word (sometimes in the a), that is used more or less enclitically to make the meaning of a free morpheme more general, often translated with 'or so', 'or something similar', etc. (PMP: *apa₁)

apaempty, without contents, of rice husks without grains (PMP: *qapah)

apa teʔiwhat is this? (fixed expression in a game) (PMP: *apa₁)

apitree sp. (PWMP: *hapuy hapuy₂) *Sapuy

apiuopium (LOAN)

Bare'e (40 / 961)

apojugall, gall bladder (an object of examination in animals used for divination) (PAN: *qapejux)

apufire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy

asawhetting, sharpening (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq

asáratime of the third daily prayer of Moslims, around 3:30 P.M. (LOAN)

asudog (PAN: *asu₁)

asu burik-oa striped dog (PWMP: *burik)

asu ma-wuyua furry dog (PWMP: *ma-bulu) *bulu₁

ataroof; thatch (sago, nipa, rattan) (PMP: *qatep)

atabring or escort someone to his destination (PMP: *hateD) *SateD

atuhundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus

awabody; waist (PMP: *hawak) *Sawak

awafirewood (NOISE)

awaashoulder (PMP: *qabaRa₁)

awisarong in which a child is carried (PWMP: *qawis)

awuclear the ground of weeds and bushes (PMP: *abut₁)

awuash, dust (PMP: *qabu)

ayafetch, get, take; use; believe, trust; care for; reckon with (PAN: *alaq₁)

ayotree which yields wood that is used for charcoal; the coals made of this wood and used in blacksmithing (PMP: *qajeŋ)

banegative (PMP: *bak₂)

baperhaps (makes the following word indefinite) (PMP: *ba₁)

Bare'e (60 / 961)

bano, not (NOISE)

babarivermouth (PMP: *baqbaq)

bago ma-wotasplit ground (PMP: *betak)

bakecorpse (said to be from Buginese) (PWMP: *baŋkay)

balasplit, in pieces (PWMP: *balaq)

balasplit, in pieces (ROOT)

baladoshort, pointed, double-edged dagger (PWMP: *baladaw)

balasuwhite cotton, of mediocre quality (LOAN)

balireverse side, opposite part (PMP: *baliw₁)

balirepetition; different, changed (PMP: *baliw₂)

baliapriest, priestess in shamanistic ceremonies (PWMP: *balian)

baliuadze (an imported tool) (PWMP: *baliuŋ)

balok.o. bamboo: Bambusa (NOISE)

baluwidow(er) who is still in mourning (PMP: *balu₄)

balumbabillow, large wave (NEAR)

ba-milia fastidious person (PAN: *piliq)

banaformerly the term for all colored cotton, through which all old-fashioned textiles that still are used in religious ceremonies are called bana (PWMP: *banaeŋ)

bancubasket hastily woven of sago sheaths; it is placed in a wooden holder and used to transport sago and salt (PWMP: *basuŋ)

banitree with very hard wood used in house construction (NOISE)

banuahouse (PMP: *banua)

Bare'e (80 / 961)

ba-otuone who habitually farts (PMP: *qetut)
baraparticle of indefiniteness; perhaps, sometimes; also disjunctive: or, evasive (PMP: *baraŋ₁) *baraŋ
baraŋaa small, aromatic citrus fruit the juice of which is used in food preparation and as a shampoo: Citrus acida (PWMP: *baraŋan₂)
bawatogether, in one troupe, herd or flock (PMP: *baban)
bayashallow indentation or other division of a terrain; groove between the two halves of the back, breasts, buttocks (PWMP: *balaq)
bayuyasubcutaneous fat of pigs (PWMP: *balulaŋ)
be da ku-po-ma-busu mam-pe-pate sikoI won't get an inflated abdomen if I kill you! (PWMP: *busuŋ)
bekasplit (PMP: *beka)
belantetree sp, (NOISE)
bémbégoat (LOAN)
benufibrous husk of coconuts and betel nuts (PMP: *benut₁) *benut
biagive way, go to the side, turn onto a side path (PWMP: *bias)
biasausual, customary; accustomed to; habit, custom, practice (LOAN)
bibionomatopoetic for the sound of water bubbling up (PWMP: *bikbik)
bidadárilegendary female figures which appear in stories (LOAN)
biisloping, slanting, leaning, askew (as the walls of a collapsing house, the neck of someone who is always looking somewhat to the side) (PAN: *biqiR)
bikudrink no palm wine (LOAN)
bilacount, calculate, reckon (PAN: *bilaŋ₁)
bila-bilasticks, chips of wood, sirih fruits, etc. used as aids in calculation (PWMP: *bilaŋ-bilaŋ) *bilaŋ₁
bilalaperson whose task it is to announce the five daily Moslem prayer times (LOAN)
Bare'e (100 / 961)

bilohaving fuzzy vision, myopic; cross-eyed (PMP: *bileR)
binata, binataŋireplacement term for pig (LOAN)
biŋalarge shell commonly used to crush Spanish pepper; from this shell the white armbands called yoku are made (said to be a loan from SAMAB) (PMP: *biŋaq)
biŋkabasket made of Donax cannaeformis, bamboo, or silar palm leaves, with a mouth that is larger than the base (LOAN)
biŋkolu, biŋkoluŋ-icurled up, as a smoked fish with the tail in the mouth (PWMP: *biŋkeluŋ)
bisaclever; very wealthy; possess secret power (LOAN)
bisaraconversation; subject of discussion (LOAN)
bisuabscess, sore (PMP: *bisul)
bisupimple, pustule, esp. a boil; swelling (PMP: *bisul)
boahole, gap, opening; bored through (PWMP: *bawaŋ₁)
bobapeeling, hard outer skin; peeled, bald, hairless (PWMP: *bebak₁)
bobodumb, speechless (PWMP: *beŋbeŋ) *beŋbeŋ₁
bobostupid (PMP: *belbel₁)
boiit must not happen that, do not let it happen that (PMP: *beliq₂)
bokasplit, open up because the binding has come loose (as the seam of a shirt) (PAN: *bekas₁)
bokaopen by loosening the binding (ROOT)
boliliturn around (ROOT)
bombaMaranta dichotoma, a plant whose smooth, upright stems are proverbial; split bomba is used to make baskets, tie fences and fix roofing thatch in place (PWMP: *benban)
bombaMaranta dichotoma, a plant whose smooth, upright stems are proverbial; split bomba is used to make baskets, tie fences and fix roofing thatch in place (PWMP: *benben₂)
boncitear open, split (as a sack of rice falling to the ground); cut open (as a doctor in operating on someone) (PMP: *besiq)
Bare'e (120 / 961)

boŋawide open; wide, of an opening (PMP: *beŋaq)
boŋawide open; wide, of an opening (PMP: *beŋat₁) *beŋat
boŋodeaf, without injury to the ear (PMP: *beŋel)
borisplit, crack, burst (of skin or peeling) (PAN: *beriq)
borisplit, tear (in the skin, or the rind of fruits) (PWMP: *berit₂)
botepop corn in a pot (PWMP: *beRtiq)
buat-icargo of a vessel, unloaded cargo (PMP: *buhat₃)
bubia tree which yields bast that is chewed with the sirih: Artocarpus dasyphylla (NOISE)
bubupour out (as water from a capsized boat) (PMP: *buqbuq)
bugakind of arum with large leaves and edible tuber: Alocasia macrorrhiza (PWMP: *buga)
bugis-iscaly skin disease, ichthyosis (PWMP: *bugis)
bulaluthe colorful shell with which headcloths are smoothed (from Parigi) (NOISE)
bumbularge bamboo container ranging from two or three to up to seven to ten sections, used to store water or palm wine (PWMP: *buŋbuŋ₁)
bumbuswollen up, gathered into a mass (as puffy eyes, the chest of a man who inhales deeply, the waters of a stream buffeted by wind) (PMP: *buŋbuŋ₄)
bundea scoop net half a fathom in length used in fishing (LOAN)
bundublunt, not having a sharp point (PWMP: *budul)
bundu, wundu, wuntublunt, with blunt point, with truncated or broken point (NOISE)
bunetree with edible fruit: Antidesma bunius (PWMP: *buRnay)
buntia medical condition of young girls in which the menstruation fails to materialize, and the abdomen becomes bloated (LOAN)
buntuunable to go further; leave behind (as a travelling companion), (NOISE)
Bare'e (140 / 961)

buŋkubump, hump (PMP: *buŋkul)
buŋku ntanasmall irregularity in the surface of the ground (PMP: *buŋkul)
burik-ostriped, streaked, having lighter stripes on a darker background (PWMP: *burik)
buri manu(lit. 'chicken speckles') white spots on the skin, esp. on the hands and feet (PWMP: *burik)
burosperm; also used as a term of abuse (NOISE)
buruhard areca nut (PMP: *burun)
burukubent, not upright in walking (ROOT)
butablind (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa
buta-mo raya-kuI'm at my wit's end (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa
buti-tiwart, such as small children often get on the face; it is thought that they result from rice grains that stick to the face when eating (PMP: *buteliR)
butitia fish that inflates when touched (PWMP: *butiti)
butoswollen, of the belly (as of a dead dog) (PMP: *bunter)
buupopping sounds (as of a fart) (PAN: *buuŋ)
buwuthe roof covering, including the thatch over the whole roof plus a narrow cap that covers the ridgepole (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
buwu ŋkaratethe peak of an elevation (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
buya(priestly language) sarong, in particular that used by the priestess during ceremonial functions (PWMP: *buyaŋ)
buya wawowhitecap, wave with foaming crest (PMP: *budaq₃)
buyumountain (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁
daablood (PAN: *daRaq)
dadachest, breast (PWMP: *dahdah) *daSdaS
Bare'e (160 / 961)

datuthe title of the princes of Luwu’, who until 1906 were the overseers of the Toraja people (from Buginese) (PMP: *datu)
dilionom. for a tap or stroke on a drum, or against metal (ROOT)
dintopound rice (ROOT)
dolosubmerge, sink (PMP: *delep)
dolosubmerge, go under water (ROOT)
eashame, shyness (PMP: *heyaq) *Seyaq
ejasteps, ladder, generally made of a notched log (PMP: *haRezan)
endoreminiscing upon what is gone (ROOT)
eosun, day, daylight (PAN: *qajaw)
galiŋgaŋa tree: Cassia alata Linn. (PWMP: *galiŋgaŋ)
gancispinning top (PWMP: *gasiŋ)
gaŋgograsp with the hand, a when seeking fish in the mud (ROOT)
gilaangry; behaving strangely (PMP: *gila)
gilito stream, flow down (ROOT)
gillto wind, twist around (ROOT)
gimbadrum (PWMP: *gimbal)
gogoimprint something, as the meat of a shellfish with the finger (PWMP: *gerger₂)
gumpinear together, as the legs of a standing person (PWMP: *gu(m)pit)
gunjiscissors (LOAN)
hondarack or railing on which something is supported or leans (ROOT)
Bare'e (180 / 961)

iparticle used before names of places and times (PAN: *i₂)
igenitive marker (before personal names) (PMP: *qi₂)
iaplace of residence (PAN: *ian₂)
iaan exclamation of impatience used to spur on someone who is dawdling (PAN: *qia)
ijastep, tread, trample on (PMP: *inzak)
ikea mallet of rough black stone (watu ike), with a rattan handle that is used to pound tree bark into bark cloth (PMP: *ikay)
ikutail (PAN: *ikuR)
iku asu('dog's tail') an herb the scrapings of which are applied to abscesses to draw out the pus (PMP: *ikuR ikuR ni asu) *ikuR
ilawild; shy (PMP: *ilah)
ilabirthmark (sometimes viewed as ominous) (PMP: *qila)
ilito stream, flow; go downstream (PWMP: *qiliR)
iluorphaned (PWMP: *ilu)
iludesire, arouse a desire for something (PMP: *iluR₁)
imbuwater spirit which appears in many forms (PMP: *imbuk)
impiwalk along the edge (so as to make room for someone passing) (PAN: *ipit)
impigive way to, yield so as to make room (for someone coming) (NOISE)
impoa tree: Antiaris toxicaria (Malay ipoh); poison from this tree, smeared on blowgun darts (PWMP: *qipuq)
impucollect, gather (PMP: *qi(m)pun)
inasleep, lie down (PAN: *qinep)
indadebt (PWMP: *hinzam)
Bare'e (200 / 961)

indaŋ-idebt; money that is lent (PWMP: *hinzam)
indomother (animal); big (PWMP: *indu-q) *indu
ineM, MZ, FZ (PMP: *ina)
inisweat (PWMP: *qinit)
intaforward! come on! let's go! (PWMP: *itaq)
intaforward! come on! let's go! (PWMP: *ita₂)
inuto drink (PMP: *inum)
iŋathink about, take care of , watch out for (PMP: *iŋat)
iŋa-iŋathink about (PWMP: *iŋat-iŋat) *iŋat
ipacompanion, comrade (PMP: *hipaR₁) *hipaR
ipacompanion, comrade (NOISE)
ipia dream (PMP: *hipi) *Sipi
ipunarrow, hemmed in (PMP: *iput₁) *iput
irito hunt, chase off or away (PMP: *iriŋ₁)
isaone (PAN: *isa₁)
i si-ko2sg. (emphatic) (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu
isurub; scrub or scour gently (PMP: *isut₂)
itoyuegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR Lalau
iwucover; cover over an opening in the ground; keep secret (PMP: *hibun)
jaŋaspan (PMP: *zaŋan₁)
Bare'e (220 / 961)

japasound of loud chewing or smacking of the lips (ROOT)
jauneedle (PAN: *zaRum)
jayapath, way, road; means to achieve something; means of transport (PMP: *zalan)
jaya ŋkadagroove between nose and upper lip (PMP: *zalan)
jekasplit open by itself, as a ripe fruit (ROOT)
jilatongue and anything resembling it (PMP: *dilaq₁)
jila leticlitoris (lit. ‘tongue of the vagina’) (PMP: *dilaq₁)
jionoose trap to catch mice or wild chickens (PWMP: *ziRet)
jipaclack the tongue as a sign of recalcitrance or reluctance (ROOT)
jolenative maize: Coix agrestis (PMP: *zelay)
jole goaMakasar maize: Zea mays (PMP: *zelay)
juyu wanihoney (PMP: *wani)
kaalong protracted sound of calling, singing or weeping (PMP: *kaŋ)
ka-asi-asipoor, in need of help (PMP: *ka-qasiq) *qasiq
kabainvulnerable (PWMP: *kabal₂)
ka-bosugratification, satisfaction, satiation (PMP: *ka-besuR) *besuR
ka-busuŋ-ato have gotten an inflated abdomen as a result of violating customary law (PWMP: *busuŋ)
ka-eashame, shyness (PWMP: *ka-heyaq) *Seyaq
kaiileft, left side (PAN: *ka-wiRi) *wiRi
kajastep with the flat of the foot and a sideways movement of the leg (ROOT)
Bare'e (240 / 961)

kajutree, shrub, wood, plant (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
kakawith interstices, with lacunae (PMP: *kakaq)
ka-kajuwild, of animals (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
ka-kawukapok tree: Eriodendrum anfractuosum (PMP: *kabu-kabu)
kala-bambabutterfly (PMP: *baŋbaŋ₂)
kala-pinikind of swallow that nests on protected rock ledges (PWMP: *kala-pini) *pini
kalikipapaya (PWMP: *kalikiq)
kali-mumurinse the mouth (PWMP: *kali-muRmuR) *muRmuR
kalustiff, of something that has been bent for some time (as a limb); bent (as fingers that have cramped) (PWMP: *kaluŋ)
kamascratch with the nails, as an itchy spot (PWMP: *kamas)
ka-matetime, place, or manner of death (PWMP: *ka-m-atay) *aCay
kambusprinkle with pounded rice, as the coffin of one who has no surviving siblings (PMP: *kambuR)
kami1pl. excl., we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami
kami sa-anawe with our children (PWMP: *sa-anak) *aNak
kanaright side (PAN: *ka-wanaN) *wanaN
ka-nipithinness, flatness, fineness (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis
ka-ŋiluthe pain of rheumatism, yaws, or teeth being on edge (PWMP: *ka-ŋilu) *ŋilu
kaŋkaŋ-istiff, rigid; stiffened (PMP: *kaŋkaŋ₃)
ka-pa-pituseventh (also an endearing name for girls) (PMP: *ka-pitu) *pitu
ka-patetime, place, or manner of death (PWMP: *ka-p-atay) *aCay
Bare'e (260 / 961)

ka-pio-piocheeping together (PMP: *piek)
ka-puto-putoto keep turning around (as in looking for something lost) (PWMP: *puteR)
karandaround carrying basket made of rattan (PWMP: *karanzaŋ)
ka-ruasecond (PMP: *ika-duha) *duSa
kasorafter, usually of bamboo, to which the thatch panels of the roof are bound with rattan (PMP: *kasaw₁)
kataitch, itching place or wound; scabies (PMP: *gatel) *gaCel
katawood plane (LOAN)
ka-tajasharpness (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem
katuconsignment, what is sent; a gift that is sent (PMP: *katu) *kaCu
ka-waaredness, brown color (PMP: *baRah)
kayu ma-wukafallen tree that has been uprooted (PMP: *buŋkaR)
kayumpaŋ ~ kalumpaŋa tree: Sterculia foetida (PMP: *kalumpaŋ)
ke-anedamaged by termites (PAN: *aNay)
ke-buyumountainous (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁
kekesound of laughter (PMP: *ke(k)kek)
ke-liosofull of nits (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeS
kemuteem, swarm (PWMP: *kemut)
kerisound of scratching (PMP: *keriqik)
ke-watustony (PMP: *batu) *batux
ke-wuriblack, of charcoal (PWMP: *budiŋ)
Bare'e (280 / 961)

kikiloud laughter (PMP: *kikik)
kinderaising of the eyebrows, tightening of the eyebrows in frowning (PWMP: *kiday)
kireeyebrow (PWMP: *kiray)
kitawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁
kodismall (PAN: *kedi)
kodi rayaoffended, aggrieved (PMP: *dalem)
kodoto stretch out (PMP: *kedeŋ)
kokoshrink, grow narrow (PWMP: *kekes)
kokoshrink, grow narrow (PMP: *keŋkeŋ₃)
komaliworkshop of a blacksmith; forge (PMP: *kamaliR)
kompobelly, lower part of the trunk (PWMP: *kempuŋ) *kempeŋ
kopoflutter, flap the wings, of birds rising in flight, etc. (PWMP: *kepek)
koruwrinkled (PWMP: *kerut)
kujawhat kind of person? (PMP: *kuja)
kukulockjaw (PWMP: *kukuŋ)
kukubird, the cry of which is heard at night (PAN: *ku(ŋ)kuŋ)
kukua bird that is heard at night (PAN: *kukuŋ₁)
kulasathe fatty hump on the withers of a buffalo (PWMP: *kulasa)
kulibark or bast of a tree that has been removed by peeling (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC
kumusarong used for sleeping (PWMP: *kumut)
Bare'e (300 / 961)

kurapot of fired clay in which rice and other food is cooked; bark vessel in which salt is boiled out of strong brine (PAN: *kuden)
kuratoo little; less (LOAN)
kura labuiron cooking pot (PAN: *kuden)
kuricry of a certain bird (PWMP: *kuriqik)
kurusound of grating or scraping (PWMP: *kurud)
kutanaask, inquire, inform (PMP: *kutaña)
kutumake a clicking or cracking sound, as the finger joints when they are pressed between crossed hands and forced to pop (PWMP: *kutuk₂)
kuyudull, blunt (of tools, weapons) (PWMP: *ku(n)dul)
labiasago flour, pith of the sago palm (PMP: *Rambia)
laithe long tail feathers of birds, especially of fowls (PMP: *lawi₁)
lalogo past, go beyond (PWMP: *lalaw)
lamalie sticking to or smeared over something else (example sentence: there is water on the plank; don't sit there) (PMP: *lama₁)
lambago past, go beyond, go through (PWMP: *la(m)baŋ)
lambawide, spacious; hang down limply (NOISE)
la-motired tree ant with venomous bite (PMP: *me(n)tik) *me(n)tik (X + me(n)tik)
lanaoil, especially coconut oil (PMP: *laña)
laŋkayman, male of animals, masculine (PWMP: *laŋkay)
lariplank-shaped roots of large trees (PMP: *dalij)
lasunaonion (LOAN)
laudirectional term indicating a place that lies at a lower elevation than the speaker, or at least not clearly at a higher elevation (PAN: *lahud)
Bare'e (320 / 961)

lauk-alow, as the sun in the sky or the level of water (PAN: *lahud)
lee buwukind of sword grass with narrow leaves (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
lelatured ant that has a painful bite (PWMP: *lalatu₁)
leʔeneck, external throat (PAN: *liqeR)
leʔiaginger (PMP: *laqia)
limafive, in combination forms (PAN: *lima)
liŋainattentive (PWMP: *liŋa₁)
liosonit, egg of a louse (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeS
lipuvillage (originally ‘fortified place’); formerly provided with a palisade and temple, and situated on a hilltop (PMP: *lipuq)
lokaopen, undo fastenings, uncover (PAN: *lekab)
lomidimple in cheek or chin (considered a mark of beauty in girls) (PWMP: *lemiq₁)
loŋkoashamed (NOISE)
lowujoin, mix (ROOT)
lupifold, pleat, crease (PWMP: *lu(m)pi)
lupifold, pleat, crease (PWMP: *lupiq)
ma-stative prefix (PAN: *ma-₁)
ma-atatake or escort to a destination (PAN: *ma-SateD) *SateD
ma-ata mania-ñaof a woman, to accompany her parents-in-law a distance as they return home after the wedding feast at which they have taken their son to the home of the bride (PAN: *ma-SateD) *SateD
ma-awuextremely numerous, as grains of dust (PWMP: *ma-qabu) *qabu
ma-awut-ia piece of weeded ground (PMP: *abut₁)
Bare'e (340 / 961)

ma-bias-i jayachange course (PWMP: *bias)
ma-boŋat-imake an opening in something (PMP: *beŋat₁) *beŋat
ma-boribe split, split open (PWMP: *berit₂)
ma-bosusatisfied from having eaten enough, satiated (PAN: *ma-besuR) *besuR
ma-buat-iunload cargo from a vessel (PMP: *buhat₃)
ma-bubu tanoanapour out life-force or soul-stuff, of the crown of the head of someone who is ill (PMP: *buqbuq)
ma-burik-osiadorn with stripes (PWMP: *burik)
ma-busuhave an inflated abdomen (PWMP: *busuŋ)
ma-butubroken or smnapped off, as a rope, line or branch (PMP: *butus)
ma-butus-ibreak something off, snap a line (PMP: *butus)
ma-butus-i asurelease the hunting dogs in pursuit of game (PMP: *butus)
ma-buyawhite, light-colored; used figuratively in many favorable senses (PMP: *budaq₃)
ma-buyawhite; light in color (PMP: *bulan₂)
ma-buya-siwhiten, whitewash (PMP: *budaq₃)
ma-daato bleed, to menstruate (PAN: *ma-daRaq) *daRaq
ma-eaashamed, shy (PMP: *ma-heyaq) *Seyaq
ma-eosunny, hot (PAN: *ma-qajaw) *qajaw
ma-gila nawoangry, mentally disturbed (PWMP: *ma-gila) *gila
ma-ilawild, skittish (as a horse) (PWMP: *ma-ilah₁) *ilah
ma-ilawild, skittish (as a horse) (PWMP: *ma-ilah₂) *ma-ilah
Bare'e (360 / 961)

ma-inuto drink (trans.) (PWMP: *ma-inum) *inum
ma-inuto drink (PWMP: *maR-inum) *inum
ma-jaʔabad, wrong, spoiled, useless, ugly, difficult, unpleasant (PMP: *ma-zaqat) *zaqat
majaʔa rayaangry (PMP: *dalem)
maka-kataitchy, prickling (PWMP: *maka-gatel) *gaCel
ma-kataAlocasia celebica, itching taro (PMP: *ma-gatel) *gaCel
ma-kujahow? why? (PAN: *ma-kuja) *kuja
makumpu ompugreat grandchild (PMP: *empu)
mamato chew (PMP: *mamaq)
mam-botato split (PMP: *betak)
mam-boyubend, sag (PMP: *beluk)
ma-miwifind oneself at the side of something, go along the edge of something (PMP: *birbir₁)
mampa-ka-jaʔato make something bad, to spoil (PMP: *zaqat)
mampa-kajudetermine or make certain (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
mampa-pa-kitato show, display (PAN: *kita₂) *kita
mam-pa-pa-taŋito make someone cry, bring someone to tears (PMP: *pa-taŋis) *Caŋis
mampariŋ-kajulay a corpse in a coffin (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
mam-pasaʔacarry on the shoulder (PMP: *pasaqan) *pasaqaN
mam-pili ~ mom-pilito choose (PWMP: *ma-miliq) *piliq
mampo-anabring forth, bear, give birth (PWMP: *mampaR-anak aken) *aNak
Bare'e (380 / 961)

mampo-butohave a swollen belly as supernatural punishment for improper attitudes or behavior (PMP: *bunter)
mam-puto-sirub something between the hands (as leaves to soften them) (PWMP: *puteR)
mam-puʔupregnant, of animals (PMP: *puqun)
manainheritance, heritage (PWMP: *mana₁)
manainheritance, heritage (PWMP: *maña)
man-cawuto strew, sow seed (PMP: *saq(e)buR)
man-cawuto sow, scatter seed (PMP: *sabuR)
man-cususuck at the breast (PWMP: *ma-ñusu) *susu₁
man-cuyastick upwards; put sugar palm fibers on the point of a stake to discourage thieves (PMP: *suja)
ma-nipithin, flat, fine (PMP: *ma-nipis) *Nipis
ma-nisisearch for lice with the fingers (PWMP: *ma-ñiksik) *siksik₁
man-ta-liku-siturn the back on someone (PMP: *ta-likud) *likud
man-tanadig in the ground (PMP: *taneq)
man-taŋis-ito mourn, weep for someone (PMP: *taŋis-i) *Caŋis
man-tarimato receive, as a penalty, an amount in money (used in legal contexts, and said to be from Malay) (LOAN)
man-taʔato hew, shape, give form to, make the general design of something (as a coffin from a log) (PWMP: *ma-naRaq) *taRaq₁
man-taʔa wuwuto set a fish trap (PAN: *bubu₂)
man-towoto cut down, fell trees, clear land for planting (PWMP: *ma-nebeŋ) *tebeŋ
man-turulet up in intensity (of wind or heat) (PAN: *tuduR)
man-tutu ladapound Spanish pepper together with salt, onions, etc. in a bamboo container (PAN: *tutuh)
Bare'e (400 / 961)

maŋ-akuadmit, confess; undertake something (PWMP: *maŋ-aku) *aku
maŋ-aŋkat-akalift, raise up high (PWMP: *maŋ-aŋkat) *aŋkat
maŋ-asawhet, sharpen (PWMP: *maŋ-hasaq) *Sasaq
ma(ŋa)-woŋkubend around, bend inward (PMP: *beŋkuŋ)
ma(ŋa)-wunito hide (PMP: *buni₁) *buNi
maŋ-ayado one thing or another to someone; damage something (PWMP: *maŋ-alaq₁) *alaq₁
maŋiba(ni)shark (NEAR)
ma-ŋilupainful, of pain in the joints,as produced by rheumatism and yaws; on edge, of the teeth, as when eating something sour (PAN: *ma-ŋilu) *ŋilu
maŋ-inuto drink (tr. and intr.) (PMP: *maŋ-inum) *inum
maŋ-ipito dream (PWMP: *maŋ-hipi) *Sipi
maŋka-bosu-kain addition; become satiated (PWMP: *maka-besuR) *besuR
maŋka-bubu-sipour over something (PMP: *buqbuq)
maŋ-kaju-nisupport, prop up (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
maŋ-kitasee something, have something in view (PAN: *kita₂) *kita
ma-ŋurayoung, not yet old; soft to the touch; of colors, light (PMP: *ŋuda)
ma-ontaeat immoderately, be a glutton (PAN: *ma-qetaq) *qetaq
Mapanename of a river that has warm water in its lower course (PWMP: *panes)
ma-paʔibitter (PMP: *ma-paqit) *paqiC
ma-ruithorny, spiky (PWMP: *ma-duRi) *duRi
ma-sakisick (PMP: *ma-sakit) *sakit
Bare'e (420 / 961)

ma-salaguilty; be in the wrong (PWMP: *ma-salaq) *salaq₁
masapi nda-tapasmoked eel (PMP: *tapa₁) *Capa
m-asi-asi raya-ŋkuI have compassion (PMP: *ma-qasiq) *qasiq
masoso po-ana-ñashe had her children in rapid succession (PWMP: *paR-anak) *aNak
ma-suliexpensive (PWMP: *sulit₁)
masusa rayabeset with thoughts, worried, concerened (PMP: *dalem)
mataraw, unripe, still green, uncooked, living (PMP: *ma-hataq) *hataq
mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mata eothe disc of the sun, used when eo by itself is not clear enough (PAN: *qajaw)
ma-tajasharp, as a knife (PWMP: *ma-tazem) *Cazem
mata ma-buyalight-colored eyes (PMP: *budaq₃)
mata ma-buyalight-colored eyes (PMP: *bulan₂)
mata mpanaarrow (PAN: *panaq)
mata ncopublowpipe dart (PWMP: *seput)
matedie; dead; also used of something that has stopped moving or working; go out (fire, torch); stop spinning (top); stop moving (hands of a clock, the wind) (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay
mate mpoanadie in childbirth (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay
mate uaparalyzed (PWMP: *m-atay uRat) *aCay
mate wulainsane, psychotic (PMP: *bulan matay) *bulaN
ma-wausmelly, stinking (PMP: *ma-bahu) *bahu
ma-wilucurved, bent, curled up, as the edge of a flat piece of metal, for example the blade of a knife (PMP: *biluk)
Bare'e (440 / 961)

mawoŋko rayahappy (PMP: *dalem)
ma-wunuthrow, throw at (as a spear at a deer) (PWMP: *maR-bunuq) *buNuq₂
ma-wunu tabaropierce the core of a sago tree with a lance to make out who is the owner (PWMP: *maR-bunuq) *buNuq₂
ma-wuriblack (PWMP: *budiŋ)
ma-wuyuhairy, having thick hair or fur (PWMP: *ma-bulu) *bulu₁
m-ayait is taken, caught, succeeded, it can be, may be, it is possible (PWMP: *ma-alaq) *alaq₁
ma-yaŋudizzy, intoxicated (PAN: *laŋu)
ma-yaŋu ntasiseasick (PAN: *laŋu)
mbajupound rice (PAN: *bayu)
mbawu, wawupig (PAN: *babuy₃)
mbo-tasito smell or taste like seawater (PMP: *tasik)
me-aŋkastand up, rise up (PWMP: *aŋkat)
me-asi-asipitiful, unfortunate (PMP: *qasiq)
me-borito split, as the skin of a banana) (PWMP: *berit₂)
me-botepop, burst open (PWMP: *beRtiq)
me-buntolook for dead fish after a flash flood, or after fish poison has been spread in the water (PMP: *bunter)
me-jilato lick (PMP: *dilaq₁)
me-kaibe hooked, remain sitting tight (PAN: *kawit)
me-kajuto fetch wood (PWMP: *ma-ŋahiw) *kaSiw
mem-buabear much fruit (PWMP: *maŋ-buaq) *buaq
Bare'e (460 / 961)

mem-buiblow hard, be windy (PWMP: *bui₁)
mem-patedie in throngs (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay
me-nanato fester, suppurate (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
men-cusupress in, creep into (PWMP: *ma-ñuksuk) *suksuk
men-tanaof animals, hide in the mud, crawl into the ground (PMP: *taneq)
me-ŋaŋagape, open the mouth wide (PMP: *ŋaŋa₂)
meŋ-apubegin to cook with a new fire (PWMP: *maŋ-hapuy) *Sapuy
me-sam-bunito hide oneself (PMP: *buni₁) *buNi
me-sipit-Isqueeze oneself into something, as a sarong for sleeping (PAN: *sipit)
me-tamitaste, try (PMP: *tamis)
me-tujuto point out with the finger (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
me-uyudescend, as something that is lowered from above (PWMP: *ma-huluR) *SuluR
me-weweto wind, twine around (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej
me-wuito blow (wind) (PWMP: *bui₁)
me-wusus-icome loose, come apart, of things which are tightly attached (PMP: *busbus)
mo-aluto flow, stream (PMP: *qaluR₂) *qaluR
mo-anabear, give birth, have children (also said of a man) (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak
mo-aŋkalift up, as something that has been lying flat but which the heat of the sun has caused to curl (PWMP: *maR-aŋkat) *aŋkat
mo-asuhunt with dogs (PAN: *asu₁)
mo-atahave a roof, be under a roof (PWMP: *maR-qatep) *qatep
Bare'e (480 / 961)

mo-atu, mo-atu-atuby the hundreds (PWMP: *ma-Ratus) *RaCus
mo-bagidivide, share out (PMP: *baqagi)
mo-bisarato talk, speak (LOAN)
mo-buta-butaclose the eyes (PWMP: *buta buta₁) *buCa
mo-buyuform a mountain (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁
mo-gancito spin tops (PWMP: *gasiŋ)
mo-gilito wind, turn, spin, revolve (PMP: *giliŋ)
mo-gunjicut something with scissors (LOAN)
mo-ikuhave a tail (PWMP: *maR-ikuR) *ikuR
mo-jayatake a path; make headway (PWMP: *ma-zalan) *zalan
mo-kajuto form a trunk or stem (of a tree); stand firm, be certain (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
mo-kujawhat are you doing? what are you busy with? (PAN: *ma-kuja) *kuja
mom-bilubend around, suddenly turn, as a horse that all at once turns onto a side path (PMP: *biluk)
mom-bunukill or wound someone with a lance or something else; also used of the cut inflicted by one of the four executioners on one who was accused of witchcraft (PWMP: *maŋ-bunuq) *buNuq₂
mo-mimito spew the juice extracted from chewed food into the mouth, as mothers do for infants if they do not have enough breast milk (PMP: *mismis₂)
mo-miocrying out of a deer (PMP: *piek)
mom-paluto hammer, forge, pound iron (PMP: *palu) *palu₃
mom-pili-sito choose (PWMP: *ma-miliq) *piliq
mo-naŋuto swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy
mon-dodobeat, as bark in making barkcloth; rice stalk (PMP: *dekdek) *dekdek₁
Bare'e (500 / 961)

mon-jauto sew (PAN: *zaRum)
mo-ñopu ~ mon-copushoot with a blowpipe (PWMP: *ma-ñeput) *seput
mo-nowothe annual clearing of fallow land to secure land for planting (PWMP: *ma-nebeŋ) *tebeŋ
mon-talulet a field go to weeds, let land go fallow (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN
mon-tambuthrow something onto something else, as earth onto something (PMP: *tabun₂)
mon-tapahang up to smoke, of meat, salt, etc. so as to prevent it from spoiling (PWMP: *man-tapa) *Capa
mon-tututo pound rice (PAN: *tutuh)
mo-nuwato stun fish with tuwa (PWMP: *ma-nuba) *tubah
moŋ-kaihook onto something (PWMP: *ma-ŋawit) *kawit
moŋ-kodoto stretch oneself out (PMP: *kedeŋ)
moŋ-kokot-ito gnaw, nibble (PWMP: *getget₁)
mo-otuto break wind (PWMP: *maR-qetut) *qetut
mo-panause a bow (PAN: *panaq)
mo-panito have wings (PMP: *panid) *paNid
mo-pusuto bloom, of the banana plant, produce fruit, of maize (PMP: *pusuq₁)
mo-ranoform a puddle (as rainwater) (PAN: *danaw)
mo-rindihave a wall, be walled (PMP: *diŋdiŋ₁)
mo-sakuextract the pith of the sugar palm by pounding (PMP: *saku₁)
mo-sikuform a right angle (PAN: *sikux)
mo-tianalook after a child (PMP: *tian) *tiaN
Bare'e (520 / 961)

motolo-kikito laugh loudly, burst out laughing (PMP: *kikik)
mo-to-taʔito defecate (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
mo-toyuhave testicles; lay and egg (PWMP: *maŋ-qateluR) *qateluR
mo-t<um>aŋito weep, to cry (PAN: *C<um>aŋis) *Caŋis
mo-tunda sawusit helter-skelter, not in a row (PMP: *saq(e)buR)
mo-tunda sawuto sit helter-skelter, not lined up in a row (PMP: *sabuR)
mo-turulie down (to sleep) (PMP: *ma-tuduR) *tuduR
mo-wintikick in the calf (PMP: *bintiq)
mo-witihave legs (PMP: *bities)
mo-wuabear fruit (PMP: *ma-buaq) *buaq
mo-wulihang down in clusters (PMP: *buliR)
mo-ʔakimake or use a raft (PMP: *Rakit)
mo-ʔukiengrave, carve, draw (PMP: *ukir)
mpate(-ña)the dead branches on trees (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay
-mu2sg. possessor, your (PMP: *-mu)
mudoovercast, clouded over (ROOT)
mulato plant (PAN: *mula)
nanapus (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
nantoto float, to raft (ROOT)
ñawasoul, invisible personality; sometimes also breath as the life-force (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa
Bare'e (540 / 961)

nda-paʔat-ichiseled, chiseled out (PMP: *paqet)
nipathe nipa palm, Nipa fruticans, very common in the coastal swamps of central Sulawesi; on the coast the leaves are used as roof thatch (PMP: *nipaq)
nopukind of fish (PMP: *nepuq)
n-taniother, different (PWMP: *taniq)
ntesa-boŋiby night (PMP: *beRŋi)
nugenitive case marker for common nouns (PAN: *nu₃)
nusaland, district (PMP: *nusa₁)
ŋaŋamouth cavity; voice (PMP: *ŋaŋa₂)
ŋayakind, type, sort (PMP: *ŋajan)
ŋirotoothless (also of things, as a saw that has lost ‘teeth’) (PAN: *ŋidaw)
odubend the knees and then straigten up, as in certain dances (NOISE)
okaopen, broken open (as the ground, a dam, a wall) (PWMP: *e(ŋ)kab)
omoto swallow (PAN: *qemqem)
ompoobstruction, dam, barrier (PMP: *empeŋ)
oncosqueeze between others when there is not enough room (PMP: *esek₁) *esek
ondarack or railing on which something is supported or leans (ROOT)
onosix (PAN: *enem)
ontaeat immoderately, be a glutton (PAN: *qetaq)
ontostop, stay still, remain (NOISE)
oŋkasquat (PWMP: *eŋkaŋ)
Bare'e (560 / 961)

oŋkocrooked, leaning over, bent (as a coconut tree about to fall, or someone stalking birds) (PMP: *eŋkel)
oŋofoul-smelling bug that preys on rice (NEAR)
opabait (for hook, trap, etc.) (PAN: *paen)
opofour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
oputitle of nobility (PMP: *empu) Luwu
oru n-tasibottom of the sea (PMP: *tasik)
osoclose together, crowded, with little room between (PMP: *esek₁) *esek
otachaff (of rice) (PMP: *qeta) *qeCah
otiebb, as the tide; dry up, as a pool (PMP: *qeti₁)
otufart (PMP: *qetut)
oyospace between two things (fingers or toes, floor laths, days, etc.) (PMP: *qelet) *qeleC
oʔosound that one makes to apologize or to show agreement (PMP: *heqe)
pastill, yet (PAN: *pa₁)
padaplain, field; also used for the plants that grow there (PWMP: *padaŋ)
paerice in the field, unhusked rice (PAN: *pajay)
pae sa-m-bulian ear of rice, rice head (PMP: *sa buliR) *buliR
pakeornament; beautiful costume (LOAN)
pakukind of fern eaten as a vegetable (PWMP: *paku) *paheku
pala-palabench for resting or sleeping (PWMP: *pala pala₁)
palehand, forepaw, arm (PMP: *palaj₁)
Bare'e (580 / 961)

palisubject oneself to taboos by refraining from the use of or contact with things, the pronunciation of words or the visiting of places (PAN: *paliSi)
paluhammer, in particular the smith’s hammer (PMP: *palu) *palu₃
pæ me-burukurice which bends over before the ear is full (ROOT)
pampastand at right angles to one another, as pieces of wood that are tied into a cross; stand out straight, as buffalo horns that do not curve (NOISE)
panabow, formerly a weapon of the Toraja people and in more recent times still hung up in the blacksmith’s workshop as an example of the weapons and tools made there (PAN: *panaq)
pan-cawutime, place or manner of sowing (PMP: *sabuR)
panewarm drink: coffee or tea (PWMP: *panes)
paniwing (PAN: *paNij)
paniwing of a bird, bat, or insect (PMP: *panid) *paNid
paŋabifurcation; forked branch, fork in a road (PAN: *paŋa₁)
paŋia tree with seeds and leaves that are edible after proper preparation: Pangium edule (PWMP: *paŋi)
paŋ-inua drink, beverage; drinking vessel; time, place or manner of drinking (PMP: *paŋ-inum) *inum
paŋ-ipia dream (PWMP: *paŋ-hipi) *Sipi
paokind of small mango found on the coast (PMP: *pahuq₁)
papafather, father’s brother, mother’s brother (PMP: *papa₂) *papa
pa-pituseven (like pitu, also used in combination forms, with stress on the amount) (PAN: *pa-pitu) *pitu
pa-salaa magical formula that the bearer protects in order to keep evil away (PMP: *pa(ka)-salaq) *salaq₁
pasigireef, shoal, sandbank (PWMP: *pasiR)
pasigi malulusea grass (PWMP: *pasiR)
pat-afour (in 40, 400, 4,000, counting units of time) (PWMP: *pat-aŋ) *Sepat
Bare'e (600 / 961)

patukind of large bamboo: Dendrocalamus flagellifer (PWMP: *patuŋ)
pa-tujuadmonition, lesson to be learned, punishment (PAN: *pa-tuzuq) *tuzuq₁
pau-nda-wunisecret, something that one keeps hidden (PMP: *buni₁) *buNi
paʔathigh, upper leg (PAN: *paqa₁)
paʔat-ia chisel (PMP: *paqet)
piawhen? (PMP: *p-ijan) *ijan
pijasun-dried meat (PWMP: *pindaŋ)
pilichoose (PAN: *piliq)
piloto flicker, of a fire (ROOT)
pinditake between thumb and finger (PWMP: *pi(n)zit)
pin-duado again, repeat (PMP: *pin-duha) *duSa
pioa high-pitched sound (PMP: *piek)
pituseven (only in combination forms) (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
pitu-atu700 (PMP: *pitu ŋa Ratus) *pitu
pitu-m-paliseven times (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
pitu-m-puyuseventy (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
pitu-pituseven in playing cards (said to be from Buginese) (PAN: *pitu pitu) *pitu
podisour, acid; tamarind (PMP: *hapejis)
po-gilia key (PMP: *giliŋ)
poismarting (PMP: *hapejiq) *Sapejiq
Bare'e (620 / 961)

pokasplit, torn, rent (PWMP: *pekaq)
po-naŋuswimming place, manner of swimming (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy
poneclimb (not up mountains), climb a ladder into a house, a coconut tree, etc. (PMP: *panahik)
poŋkabeginning, introduction (ROOT)
po-sikuhave bends or curves (as a river) (PMP: *pa-siku) *sikux
posobroken, of hard, brittle things; hatched, of eggs (PMP: *peceq₂) *peceq
po-turu-asleeping place (PWMP: *pa-tuduR-an) *tuduR
po-ujarainy season (PAN: *pa-quzaN) *quzaN
po-wintitime, place, manner of kicking the calves (PMP: *bintiq)
po-witifoot-end (as of a tree) (PMP: *bities)
po-wuatime, place or manner of bearing fruit (PMP: *buaq)
puësir, lady; grandfather, grandmother, grandchild (vocative) (PWMP: *pueq)
pujucover, wrapper (PWMP: *puyuŋ)
pukanet (PMP: *puket₁)
puleknot, hair bun; wear the hair in a bun (PMP: *pules)
puncutop, peak (of a mountain or other lofty place (PAN: *qapucuk)
puncu buyumountain peak (PAN: *qapucuk)
punea green dove, Treron sp., that makes a melancholy sound heard from afar (PAN: *punay)
puntikind of banana (PAN: *punti₁)
punti-anakind of small bat that is fond of bananas (PAN: *punti₁)
Bare'e (640 / 961)

pupupluck (PMP: *pupu₁)
pupupluck (PMP: *puqpuq₁)
pusenavel (PMP: *pusej)
puse ntanamid-point of the land (PMP: *pusej)
puse ntasimid-point of the sea (PMP: *pusej)
puse n-tasithe middle point of the sea, where [in native conception] the inflowing and outflowing water causes it to ebb and flow (lit. ‘navel of the sea’) (PMP: *tasik)
pusu lokaheart of banana, banana blossom (PMP: *pusuq₁)
putewhite fighting cock (PMP: *putiq)
puʔutrunk of a tree, especially the lower part; foundation; origin, beginning from which something arises (PMP: *puqun)
puʔu buyufoot of a mountain, piedmont (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁
puʔu buyufoot of a mountain (PMP: *puqun)
puʔu ejafoot of a ladder (PMP: *puqun)
puʔu ŋkajutree trunk (PMP: *puqun nu kahiw) *puqun
puʔu-ŋ-kajubase of a tree (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
raja ma-buyasympathetically inclined (PMP: *budaq₃)
rambufiber, fluff, oakum (PWMP: *rambut)
ranolake, for example the large lake from which the Poso (river) arises (PAN: *danaw)
raŋkabranch broken from a tree, withered branch (PWMP: *raŋkaŋ)
raŋkiwhat one puts next to, or takes together with something else (ROOT)
rapuhearth, cooking place (PMP: *dapuR₁)
Bare'e (660 / 961)

rayainternal part, interior (PMP: *dalem)
raya banuathe interior of a house (PMP: *dalem)
raya ntaua person’s inner self; mind, heart, thinking, opinion, emotions (PMP: *dalem)
raʔua tall tree with little durable wood and edible fruits: Dracontomelon mangiferum (PMP: *daqu₁)
rilocative preposition: at, in, on, to; can be used with pronouns, as in ku-keni ri siko (1sg-bring ri 2sg) ‘I bring it to you’ (PAN: *di)
rindiwall (PMP: *diŋdiŋ₁)
ri oyoin between (PMP: *qelet) *qeleC
ri rayain, within (PMP: *dalem)
ruatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
ruithorn, spike; kind of rattan (nanga) with sharp thorns, the leaves of which are used as roof thatch (PMP: *duRi)
runcupush or crowd into (PMP: *dusuk)
rupugrit, crumbs, dust (ROOT)
rutusound of pounding or knocking (ROOT)
sa-atuone hundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus
sagufluid from a corpse (PWMP: *sagu₂)
sakisickness (PMP: *sakit)
sakodrawstring of a carrying basket (PWMP: *sa(ŋ)kep)
salamistake, error, fault (PMP: *salaq₁)
sala-pajust, only (PMP: *salaq₁)
sam-balione side (PMP: *baliw₁)
Bare'e (680 / 961)

sam-bota linuyasplit piece of areca nut (PMP: *betak)
sam-buaone (piece, example) (PMP: *sa-buaq) *buaq
sam-bukuone lump, one seed, one kernel (PMP: *bukuh)
sam-bukuone internode in length (PWMP: *sa-ŋa-buku) *bukuh
sa-m-buyaone month long (PWMP: *sa-ŋa-bulan) *bulaN
sampibecome thin or narrow (ROOT)
sa-m-puyuten (PMP: *sa-ŋa-puluq) *puluq
sam-puʔua model or example, with reference to objects that are counted by puʔu, as trees or plants (PMP: *puqun)
san-cikuan ell, from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow (PAN: *sikux)
sandaa pawn, someone who, to pay off a debt or fine temporarily becomes a slave to another person (PWMP: *sanda)
san-jayaa traveling party (lit. ‘one way’) (PMP: *zalan)
saŋkoe mpusefull brothers and sisters (PMP: *pusej)
saŋ-kujahow much/how many? (PWMP: *saŋ-kuja) *kuja
sawapython (PMP: *sawa)
sayugutter or pipe (bamboo or split log) used to direct a stream of water that makes an artificial waterfall for people to bathe (PWMP: *saluR)
seŋkaspread wide, of the legs (ROOT)
seŋkocurved, bent (PAN: *sekel)
seŋkobent, bowed (ROOT)
si-balimerged or fused with (PMP: *baliw₁)
si-ko2sg., used with equals and inferiors (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu
Bare'e (700 / 961)

siko2sg., you (PWMP: *s-ikaw) *kaSu
sikuelbow (PAN: *sikux)
silacleave, split lengthwise (PAN: *silaq)
silacleave, split, cut lengthwise (PWMP: *sila₂)
simpiedge, border, margin (PWMP: *simpir)
sinduspoon, ladle (PMP: *si(n)duk)
sionine (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa
sira3rd person singular and plural pronoun, used for genealogically elder families, by slaves of their masters, by children-in-law of their parents-in-law, etc. (PMP: *si ida) *ida
sisisearch for lice with the fingers (PWMP: *siksik₁)
sisisuck, slurp (PAN: *sipsip)
siuinterjection used to drive away fowls (PWMP: *siuq)
sokoseize, catch, take hold of (PMP: *cekep)
soloflow (PWMP: *seleg)
sopinarrow; pinched or pressed in; costive, constipated (PWMP: *sempit)
sopublowpipe (PWMP: *seput)
sosofeel remorse or regret about something that one or another person has done, as with a financially disadvantageous purchase or sale (PWMP: *selsel₂)
sukakind of tree: Gnetum gnemon L. (PMP: *suka₁)
sulitaro: Colocasia antiquorum (in the Tojo area used as a medicine against headache and stomach pain) (PMP: *suli₁)
sulicostly, expensive; scarce, hard to obtain; also difficult, troublesome (PWMP: *sulit₁)
sulitaro: Colocasia antiquorum (PMP: *suli₃)
Bare'e (720 / 961)

sumaŋaghost, spirit of the dead, above all those who have long been dead (rare in everyday speech; mostly used in oral literature (PMP: *sumaŋed)
sumbistrip around a field (PWMP: *su(m)bir)
sumpi ~ wulu ncumpimoustache (PWMP: *sumpiŋ₁)
suŋito smile (PWMP: *suŋit₁)
suŋkothe slanting poles that support the raised floor between the houseposts; also the slanting poles used to protect a tilting house from collapsing (PAN: *suked)
supaspit or blow chewed medicinal herbs on (a patient) (PMP: *supaq)
suramake an incision on the trunk of a sugar palm so that the sap doesn’t flow down the trunk, but instead follows the conduit into a bamboo case; book; piece of writing; letter (< Buginese) (LOAN)
susubreast, udder (PAN: *susu₁)
susuto follow, take turns after another, to replace (PMP: *sulsul₁)
susucrowd against one another, push so that each becomes pressed against the other (PWMP: *sulsul₂)
suyuspoon made of wood or horn (PMP: *sudu)
suyuto enter; go down, set, of the sun (PMP: *surup₁)
taprefixed and suffixed form of the 1pl. incl. pronoun (PAN: *-ta)
tabakotobacco (LOAN)
tabusplash, plop; forcefully insert hands or feet (ROOT)
tadaplace the foot on something higher, e.g. in order to take a big step or a leap, or to reach a higher place (PWMP: *tanzak)
takastick, adhere, cling fast to something, attach oneself to (PWMP: *ta(ŋ)ket)
taliheadcloth, headband (PMP: *talih) *CaliS
ta-likuback (anat.), back side of something (as a person, sword) (PMP: *ta-likud) *likud
tali-wanimagical means to bestow courage on someone (PMP: *baRani)
Bare'e (740 / 961)

taluabandoned piece of ground, cultivated field which has gone to weeds (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN
tamanasterile, barren, childless, mainly of people, but also said of animals (PWMP: *tamanaŋ)
tambaincrease, add to (said to be a Buginese or Makasarese loan) (PWMP: *tambaq)
tambaa patch (PMP: *tambal₁)
tambua pointed bucket made of leaf sheaths of the sago palm, used to scoop up water for the washing out of sago flour (PMP: *tabuq)
tambuakind of wasp (PMP: *tabuqan)
tanaground, earth, soil, land (PMP: *taneq)
tana buyaneutral territory (PMP: *budaq₃)
tana ma-buyaneutral territory (PMP: *bulan₂)
tana ma-puyuclay (‘sticky earth’) (PMP: *taneq)
tana Morithe land of the Mori (PMP: *taneq)
taniindependent, not connected with others (PWMP: *taniq)
t<an>ondoremembrance, melancholy recollection (PWMP: *tendem)
tan-taʔibuttocks, bottom, base of something (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
t<an>ujuindex finger (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
tanujuindex finger (PMP: *t<an>uzuq) *tuzuq₁
tara-manucockspur (PMP: *tada)
taruwax (PWMP: *tadu)
tasisea, saltwater (PMP: *tasik)
tasi rayainner sea, small, partly enclosed gulf or bay (PMP: *dalem)
Bare'e (760 / 961)

tasi rayainland sea, bay with narrow entrance (PMP: *tasik)
tauperson, human being (PMP: *tau₁) *Cau
tau ma-ŋurayoung person, a youth (PMP: *ŋuda)
tau po-wania renowned person (PMP: *baRani)
tau puʔuthe first wife of a man (PMP: *puqun)
tau sa-anaboth parents, or either on, with their children (PWMP: *sa-anak) *aNak
tawaa large, tall tree: Dysoxylum acutangulum; the wood is too heavy for boats and isn’t favored for building houses (PMP: *tawan)
tawaa large, tall tree: Dysoxylum acutangulum; the wood is too heavy for boats, and is not in great demand for house construction (PWMP: *tawa₂) *tawa
taʔasnare used to catch wild pigs; it is stretched between two trees and the pig walks into it headfirst and it pulls him in (PMP: *taqen)
taʔithe waste produced by something; feces; dregs, sediment; also belly, stomach (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
teŋkobent, twisted (ROOT)
tianapregnant (PMP: *tian-an) *tiaN
tileclitoris (PWMP: *tilay)
tilomake a diving movement in water or air, of people, fish or birds (PWMP: *tilem₂)
timbalasago leaf sheath from which carrying baskets are made (PWMP: *timbalaŋ)
tinafemale, of bird or animal (PMP: *t-ina) *ina
tinafemale, only of animals (PMP: *tina) *taina
t<in>urulying down (without sleeping) (PMP: *t<in>uduR) *tuduR
tiŋkoluti9koyu/ curl up, as a snake; curved part of something (hoop, strand, loop) (ROOT)
tobopointed, sharp, as a beak or the point of a knife (PAN: *tebek)
Bare'e (780 / 961)

to bugi, to bugisithe Buginese people (LOAN)
tokapresent, on hand, available because it has been brought (to a place) (PMP: *teka₁)
to-kaihooked firmly (PAN: *kawit)
tokostick, staff; measure word for some objects (PMP: *teken)
tomateLycopersicum esculentum, tomato (still a novelty to the interior peoples, but generally planted today) (LOAN)
tom-batamushroom (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
tondorecall, melancholic recollection (PWMP: *te(n)dem)
tondoto lock, shut out, as a fence in front of stairs to make sure that children don’t fall down the steps (PWMP: *tendek₂)
tónom-ito plant a crop because the seeds or pits are too large to broadcast (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
to paŋ-inudrinking companion (PMP: *paŋ-inum) *inum
topubrittle, easily broken off (PWMP: *tepuq)
to-tokaone who has come, guest, visitor, foreigner (PMP: *teka₁)
touthree (PAN: *telu)
to wono rapuwoman (‘person under the hearth’); spouse (PMP: *dapuR₁)
towusugarcane, planted as a sweet snack (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
toyuegg; testicle (PMP: *qateluR)
toyuegg; testicle (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
toyu manuchicken egg (PMP: *qiteluR ni manuk) *qiCeluR
tuapierce and string on a line or pole (PMP: *tuRa)
tujuto point out, show, instruct, indicate (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
Bare'e (800 / 961)

tu-kakaolder brother or sister, older cousin (PMP: *kaka₂)
tuka nu ejarung of a ladder (PWMP: *tukad₁)
tukuhead louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
tumaclothes louse (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
tunasprout, offshoot (PWMP: *tunas)
tundasit (PMP: *tu(n)daŋ)
tutubow or lower the head (as when passing under something) (PMP: *tutuk₁) *tutuk
tutulid, cover (PMP: *tutup₁)
tutu mataeyelid (PMP: *tutup₁)
tuumessage, errand, order, instruction; something that one sends to another person through an intermediary (PWMP: *tuRun₂)
tuwaa creeper: Derris elliptica; sap from its roots is used to stun fish (PAN: *tubah)
tuwele[-e unexpl.] kind of creeping plant (PWMP: *tub(e)liq)
tuyalimouth flute (PMP: *tulali) *tulani
uagray hair (PMP: *quban) *qubaN
uagrandfather, grandmother (PMP: *uaʔ)
uamuscle; tendon; sinew; vein, vessel (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC
uagrandfather, grandmother (PMP: *ua₂)
uaegape, yawn (PMP: *huyeʔab) *Suyeʔab
ubagunpowder (LOAN)
udo-udocovered with clouds, cloudy (sky) (PAN: *qudem)
Bare'e (820 / 961)

uduleaves that are smoked (PWMP: *qudud)
uicry commonly given in answer when one is called from a distance (PMP: *huy)
ujarain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
uja ka-rinti-rintidrizzle (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
uja mbamba eosunshower ( = "rain which bears false witness to the sun") (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
uja mbatuvery heavy rain (PMP: *quzan batu₂) *quzaN
ujubunch, bundle (PWMP: *uyun₁)
ulicorrect a mistake, restore to a previous condition (PMP: *uliq₁)
uliget, obtain, take possession of (PWMP: *uliq₂)
umbarise to the surface of water, appear on the surface (PWMP: *ubal)
um-otito ebb (PMP: *qeti₁)
um-otuto break wind (PAN: *q<um>etut) *qetut
unepith, seed, heart or core of something (PMP: *qunej)
untashield (priestly language) (NOISE)
untas-iburst open so that the contents spill out (PWMP: *qutas)
untuthe highest point or extremity of something; the beginning of a river (PWMP: *utuŋ)
uŋkub-icover of a pot or pan, made of coconut shell or earthware (PWMP: *ukub)
uŋkub-ilid of a pot or pan (ROOT)
upipress, clip, pinch, squeeze, carry under the arm (PWMP: *upit)
urashrimp (PAN: *qudaŋ)
Bare'e (840 / 961)

urego upstream, follow the river in an upstream direction (PWMP: *udahik)
urutaboo sign or charm used to protect fruit trees, temporary shelters, etc. from thieves (PMP: *uduq₂)
uusound of the wood-pigeon (PMP: *uu)
uwituber, yam (PMP: *qubi)
uwuheart of palm, palm cabbage (PMP: *qubuj)
uyubeginning, first (PMP: *qulu) *quluh
uyulower something (PMP: *huluR) *SuluR
uʔusuck out, applied to anything from which the solid residue is discarded (as juice from sugarcane) (PMP: *ququs)
waaglowing coals (PMP: *baRah)
wakaplace where something used to be; the trace of something gone (PMP: *bekas₃)
wakatree in the family Lauraceae: Litsea sp.; there are two types, one with small, the other with large leaves (PWMP: *bakan)
walihappen, occur (PWMP: *bali₁)
walidaweaver's lath (used to beat in the woof) (PMP: *balija) *baRija
wali-egi(priestly language) soul, ghost (NOISE)
wali-layowali-wata/ ghost (NOISE)
walilicircle, circuit (PWMP: *baliliŋ)
walirikind of herb (PMP: *baliji)
walirikind of herb (PMP: *balizi)
walisarestless (LOAN)
waluwind around (ROOT)
Bare'e (860 / 961)

wanigive praise; boast (PMP: *baRani)
wanihoneybee (PMP: *wani)
waniagamerchant, foreigner (LOAN)
wanuaden of an animal (PMP: *banua)
waŋkubent over, inclined, of someone who does not walk erect; leaning over, as a house or tree (PMP: *ba(ŋ)kuq)
waŋustand up from a lying or sitting position (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN
waseaxe (PWMP: *wasay)
watatree that has fallen or been felled (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
wata ncakimain part of the litany of the shamaness that must be recited (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
wata (ŋkoro)body (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
watustone (PMP: *batu) *batux
watu mpaŋasa ndapaŋasaka labuwhetstone used to sharpen a bush knife (PWMP: *paŋ-hasaq) *Sasaq
watu oti, bone otithe stones and sandy stretches that are exposed at low water (PMP: *qeti₁)
wauodor, smell (PMP: *bahu)
wawoupper surface, upper part; the outside of something (PAN: *babaw₃)
wawo n-tasisurface of the sea (PMP: *tasik)
wawu banuadomesticated pig (PMP: *babuy banua) *babuy₃
wayafence, enclosure (PMP: *bala₂)
wayamulti-colored (PWMP: *balaŋ₃)
wayaacreeper, vine, liana, rope, cord (PWMP: *balaRen)
Bare'e (880 / 961)

wayaavine (NOISE)
wayaa mpuseumbilical cord (PMP: *pusej)
wayatubamboo or long pole in which the stumps of the branches remain, used as a ladder in climbing trees (PWMP: *balatuk)
wayo wuyuthe slenderest type of bamboo in central Sulawesi: Bambusa longinodis (PAN: *buluq₂)
wayu, walueight (PAN: *walu)
wewater (PMP: *wahiR)
weahusked rice (PMP: *beRas)
webusprinkle (ROOT)
wenuatall tree with soft wood that decays quickly: Octomeles Moluccana (PWMP: *benuaŋ)
wewebandage, wrapper, thin copper wire, as that used in fishing tackle (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej
wigucrooked, as the neck (PMP: *biŋkuk)
wiloshining of a light or fire (ROOT)
winaŋariver mouth, lower course of a river (PMP: *binaŋa)
wine, wua mbinethe areca nut, beads, comb and other objects which lie in the biŋka mpobine, the basket used to distribute the seed-rice to the women who plant it in the dibble-holes (PMP: *binehiq) *bineSiq
w-in-otidecorated, adorned (PMP: *b<in>etik) *beCik
winuaa tall tree (PWMP: *binuaŋ)
wiŋkeshore, bank, edge (of sea, lake, river, ravine) (PWMP: *biŋkay)
wiŋke n-danoshore of a lake (PWMP: *biŋkay)
wiŋkuadze, made from an axe by forging the blade in the middle so that the cutting edge is horizontal (PMP: *biŋkuŋ)
wisua forward-shooting movement; shoot out (water, a bird flying suddenly from cover) (ROOT)
Bare'e (900 / 961)

witileg, foot, hind leg (of animals) (PMP: *bities)
wiubent around, as the edge of a piece of metal (PWMP: *biquŋ)
wiua palm with deeply indented leaves that resembles rattan: Licuala Rumphii. Rice is cooked in the leaves to produce winalu (leaf packets of rice that are cooked in bamboo and served at feasts) (PMP: *biRu)
wiwilip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR
wiwiside, edge, border (PMP: *birbir₁)
wiwi ndanoshore of a lake (PMP: *birbir₁)
wiwi ndanolake shore, edge of a lake (PAN: *danaw)
wiwi njayaside of the road (PMP: *birbir₁)
wiwi n-tasiseashore, beach (PMP: *tasik)
wiʔupurplish beetle that causes the death of a person if it obtains one of his hairs (NOISE)
woŋkuthe bent part of something (PMP: *beŋkuŋ)
woŋku mpekathe curve of a fishhook (PMP: *beŋkuŋ)
woseoar (PMP: *beRsay)
wotiburn with a brand, decorate something with burn marks (as a lime gourd for betel) (PMP: *betik₂) *beCik
woyubent, sagging (PMP: *beluk)
woʔualso, still, again; new (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
wuafruit; also used of kidneys because of their shape (PMP: *buaq)
wuajafrequently used exclamation of surprise or astonishment; used by small children as an interjection of anger (PMP: *buqaya)
wua-kiwhat is hung on something as decoration: beads, metal strips, tassels (PMP: *buaq)
wua m-binethe areca nut, beads, comb and other objects that lie in the biŋka mpobine, the basket from which the seed rice is distributed to the women who will sow it in dibble holes during the planting (PMP: *buaq)
Bare'e (920 / 961)

wua-ŋ kajufruit of a tree (PMP: *buaq ni kahiw) *buaq
wua wayalarge type of areca nut (PMP: *buaq)
wukapulled up, lifted up, roots and all (PMP: *buŋkaR)
wukoa small owl whose nocturnal call signals a death; by daylight its call is also adverse, and one who hears it must bite the blade of a bush knife (PWMP: *bukaw)
wukubone, pit, seed (PMP: *bukuh)
wuku lopishoulder blade (PMP: *bukuh)
wuku lopi (< *alepiʔipʔ)scapula (PWMP: *qali-peqip)
wuku mboyonode, joint of bamboo (PMP: *bukuh)
wuku usurib (PMP: *bukuh)
(wuku) usurib (bone) (PAN: *Rusuk)
wuku yaliankle bone (PMP: *buku lali) *bukuh
wuku yaliankle bone (PMP: *lali)
wuliear of grain; cluster, bunch (of areca nuts, bananas, lansat) (PMP: *buliR)
wulia tree whose roots, bark and wood chips are used to make palm wine bitter, and to prevent souring: Bridelia minutiflora (NOISE)
wuliashamaness, female shaman (PWMP: *balian)
wuluslipped off, pushed off (ROOT)
wundaobscure, indeterminate, of colors or the like; unclear (NOISE)
wundublunt, truncated (PWMP: *budul)
wunto kompobelly-ache (PMP: *bunter)
wunua tree with bast fibers used to make twine (PWMP: *bunut₂)
Bare'e (940 / 961)

wuŋaa labiata, Ocimum sanctum, which serves as a magical plant on all kinds of occasions because it has a tenacious capacity to survive; because of its fragrance of balsamine is often used as headpiece (PMP: *buŋa)
wuricharcoal (PWMP: *budiŋ)
wuuhowling of the wind; dull sound of a loud voice; the brrrrr with which mothers pacify their infants (PAN: *buuŋ)
wuwufish trap woven of rattan, a much-used fishing implement; quadrangular rattan basket on four feet especially used by the women of the To Lage for the transport of light burdens (PAN: *bubu₂)
wuwuskull, cranium, crown of the head (PMP: *bubu₄)
wuwuscattered, dispersed (as spilled rice grains) (PMP: *budbud₁)
wuwu-athe fontanelle in the head of a child (PMP: *bubu₄)
wuyamoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
wuyawagold (PAN: *bulaw-an) *bulaw
wuyufeather, body hair (PMP: *bulu₁)
wuyu manuchicken feathers (PMP: *bulu ni manuk) *bulu₁
wuyu mataeyelash (PMP: *bulu ni mata) *bulu₁
wuyu ŋurathe small downy hairs that grow on the forehead at the edge of the head hair proper (PMP: *bulu₁)
wuyu pasanest feathers of birds (PMP: *bulu₁)
wuyu-wuyua vegetable (PMP: *bulu bulu) *bulu₁
wuʔube checked in its course, as something which sticks in the throat, or a river when fallen trees block its flow (PWMP: *buqul)
yabiremainder, surplus, what is left over, more (PAN: *labiq)
yalea fly (PMP: *lalej)
yandatread, step (ROOT)
yoku burik-owhite shell armband with black stripes (PWMP: *burik)
Bare'e (960 / 961)

yopo ŋurayoung vegetation that sprouts up in cleared land (PMP: *ŋuda)
Bare'e (Lalau) (1) WMP
itoyuegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR Lalau

Bare'e (Luwu) (1) WMP
oputitle of nobility (PMP: *empu) Luwu

64. Bariai (3) OC
sasalmidrib (POC: *sasaRi)
tamadfood for a journey (POC: *tamaji)
tuekind of freshwater clam (POC: *tue) *tuay
Bario Kelabit (728) WMP. see: Kelabit
65. Basai (32) Form. (Tsuchida, Yamada, and Moriguchi 1991) [byq] (Basay) Taiwan [aka: Basay, Ketagalan]
anemliver (PAN: *ajem)
baigrandmother (PAN: *baqi)
basiŋto sneeze (PAN: *baqeSiŋ)
cimafive (PAN: *lima)
kaand (PAN: *ka₁)
k<um>anto eat (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen
lo-ŋaŋaopen the mouth (PAN: *ŋaŋa₂)
lotoŋFormosan rock monkey (PAN: *luCuŋ)
lusatwo (PAN: *duSa)
manuk(ə)bird (PAN: *manuk)
mata u ziansun (‘eye of the day’) (PAN: *mata nu qalejaw) *maCa
naalready (PAN: *Na₂)
nananname (PAN: *ŋajan)
nanomwater (PAN: *daNum)
nanuyto swim (PAN: *Naŋuy)
panayriceplant, rice in the field (PAN: *pajay)
pituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
punanavel (PAN: *puja)
putibanana (PAN: *punti₁)
ranumwater (PAN: *daNum)
Basai (20 / 32)

siligoat (PAN: *Sidi)
suŋa-suŋalto breathe (PAN: *Seŋad)
taŋato open (PAN: *taŋa₂) *taŋa₁
tenayanbamboo, bamboo fence (PAN: *tanayan)
toktokto hit (PAN: *tuktuk₃)
tsakidirt (PAN: *daki)
tsalablood (PAN: *daRaq)
tsatsanpath, road (PAN: *zalan)
tsuthree (PAN: *telu)
uranrain (PAN: *quzaN)
vatsiwind (PAN: *bali₃)
vutsanmoon (PAN: *bulaN)
66. Basap (49) WMP (Smith 2017)
abuash (PMP: *qabu)
arəmpangolin (PAN: *qaRem)
ateliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
babaʔmouth (PMP: *baqbaq)
babuyboar (PAN: *babuy₃)
banahusband (PMP: *banah) *baNaS
barashoulder (PMP: *qabaRa₁)
barunew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
bauʔsmell, odor (PMP: *bahuq)
bətiscalf of the leg (PAN: *beties)
bineʔseed rice (PMP: *binehiq) *bineSiq
buayacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)
buaʔfruit (PMP: *buaq)
buloʔbamboo (PAN: *buluq₂)
buluhair (in general) (PMP: *bulu₁)
daraʔblood (PAN: *daRaq)
datarflat (of surfaces) (PAN: *dataR)
dəpafathom (PAN: *depah)
jaʔatbad (PMP: *zaqat)
kəloŋbent (PWMP: *keluŋ₁)
Basap (20 / 49)

kilaplightning (PMP: *kilap)
ləŋənarm (PMP: *leŋen)
liaginger (PMP: *laqia)
liaŋcave (PMP: *liaŋ)
metəmblack (PMP: *ma-qitem) *qitem
niurcoconut (PMP: *niuR)
nunukbanyan tree (PMP: *nunuk)
nutuŋto burn (PMP: *tutuŋ)
ŋadanname (PMP: *ŋajan)
ŋən-tañato ask (PMP: *kutaña)
olənworm (PMP: *qulej)
oratvein (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC
otəkbrain (PMP: *hutek)
paitbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC
panashot (PMP: *panas₁)
piagood, goodness (PMP: *pia₂)
posənnavel (PMP: *pusej)
pukawwake up (PWMP: *pukaw₃)
pulutsap (PMP: *pulut)
puntibanana (PAN: *punti₁)
Basap (40 / 49)

səputanblowpipe (PWMP: *seput-an) *seput
takutafraid (PAN: *takut)
taunyear (PMP: *taqun)
təduŋsnake (PWMP: *teduŋ₂)
tuaold (of people) (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS
tulaŋbone (PMP: *tuqelan) *CuqelaN
tutuŋ-anaflame (PMP: *tutuŋ-an) *tutuŋ
wakatroot (PMP: *wakat)
wañihoneybee (PMP: *wani)
Basay (32) Form.. see: Basai
Batad Ifugaw (344) WMP. see: Ifugaw (Batad)
Batak (10) WMP. see: Angkola-Mandailing Batak
Batu Belah Berawan (18) WMP. see: Berawan (Batu Belah)
67. Batu Merah (45) CMP (Wallace 1869 (1962)) [lcq] (Luhu) Indonesia (Maluku)
aitree (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw
ai hua-nafruit (PMP: *buaq)
ai-vafoot (PAN: *qaqay)
allayrice (PAN: *pajay)
aowfire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
a-pusubow (PMP: *busuR₂)
asudog (PAN: *asu₁)
at-afour (PAN: *pat-a) *Sepat
hahupig (PAN: *babuy₃)
hakaboat (PMP: *baŋkaq)
hulanimoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
hulanirain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
hulu-nifeather (PCEMP: *bulu₁)
ianifish (PMP: *hikan) *Sikan
ina-omother (PCEMP: *ina)
isi-vaflesh (PAN: *isi₅)
itu-aseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
kukufingernail (PMP: *kukuh) *kuSkuS₁
lala-iblood (PAN: *daRaq)
lalaniroad (PMP: *zalan)
Batu Merah (20 / 45)

lilipost (PCEMP: *adiRi) *SadiRi
limafive (PAN: *lima)
lima-wahand (PAN: *qalima)
luatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
luli-vabone (PMP: *duRi)
lumahouse (PAN: *Rumaq)
ma-hinaywife (PAN: *ma-b<in>ahi) *bahi
manofowl (PMP: *manuk)
mata hulaneshellfish sp. (PMP: *bulan₁)
mata-vaeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
meteniblack (PCEMP: *ma-qitem, ma-qetem) *qitem
namu-namu huanukind of bean: Cynometra spp. (PMP: *namut-namut)
nenasix (PAN: *enem)
niwelicoconut (PMP: *niuR)
nusaisland (PMP: *nusa₁)
o-maito come (PAN: *um-aRi) *aRi
siwanine (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa
tasisalt (PMP: *tasik)
telina-waear (PMP: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa
telu-athree (PAN: *telu)
Batu Merah (40 / 45)

utulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
walu-aeight (PAN: *walu)
w-asaone (PAN: *asa₁) *asa
w-asaone (PCEMP: *asa₂) *esa
weylwater (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR
68. Bauro (56) OC (Fox 1970) [bxa] (Bauro ) Solomon Islands
abirafood bowl (POC: *tabiRa)
ahulime (PAN: *qapuR)
amasito eat two things together, use a relish, betel pepper (POC: *tamaji)
aoruegg (POC: *qatoluR) *qateluR
apunadon’t! (POC: *tabuna)
apu-nadon’t (POC: *tabu-na) *tambu
arotaro (POC: *talos) *tales
a-sigoHalcyon spp. (PMP: *sikek)
(a)sigoHalcyon spp. (POC: *siko₂)
gagawaa fish, blenny sp. (POC: *kakawa₂)
ganawewhite, of birds only (POC: *kanawe) *kanaway
gupenaa large net (POC: *kupwena)
hagupandanus (POC: *pakuŋ) *bakuŋ₂
ha-hareshed (POC: *pale) *balay
haihenewoman (POC: *pai-p<in>ai) *bahi
hanagosteal (POC: *panako) *Cakaw
haraa boil (POC: *paRaq₁) *paRaq
harecanoe house, men's house (POC: *pale) *balay
higustar (POC: *pituqun) *bituqen
hira-iato lighten, to flash, of lightning (POC: *bila₂)
Bauro (20 / 56)

hugoa large net, seine net (POC: *pukot) *puket₁
hunu-iput out a light; rub out (POC: *punuq-i) *buNuq₂
huto-huto, hau huto-hutopumice (POC: *pucoq pucoq) *bujeq
i-arithis (POC: *ari) *-di
igo2sg., you (POC: *iko) *kaSu
kukuto cling, of bats (PMP: *kukuq)
ma-hana-hanahot (POC: *ma-panas-panas) *panas₁
manu-rahievening (POC: *Rapi) *Rabiqi
m-āsisharp (POC: *tasim) *tazim
m-āsisharp (PMP: *tasim)
ma-toruto hiccup (PAN: *sedu)
maurusleep, droop, wilt (POC: *maturuR) *tuduR
meatongue (POC: *maya)
monakicuttlefish (POC: *monaki)
monostay in another village (POC: *mono)
namumosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)
nunuimage, reflection; principle soul (POC: *qanunu)
ogato sit (POC: *toka₃) *tekas
opwa-opwaa bay, harbor (POC: *tobwa) *tobwa₁
raŋo-raŋofirewood of dead boughs (PCEMP: *Raŋaw₂)
Bauro (40 / 56)

raributtress root (POC: *ralic) *dalij
rata-iscrape, rub, sharpen with rubbing (POC: *asaq-i) *Sasaq
ratecoral (POC: *laje)
rawaspider (PMP: *lawaq₂)
rioneck (POC: *liqoR) *liqeR
rua-ruahigh tide (POC: *Ruap) *Ruab
saeheart (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
sigibreak wind (POC: *siki)
siviscarlet parrot sp. (POC: *sipi)
taraospecies of nettle (POC: *salatoŋ) *zalateŋ
tehago past, beyond (PCEMP: *sepat)
tou-toua bird, the Golden Whistler (POC: *sau)
upua boil (POC: *tubu₁)
usur-iahanded on, passed on (as a tale) (POC: *usuri)
waihusband or wife (POC: *wati₂)
wate-wategenerous, liberal (POC: *wa(n)se wa(n)se) *wa(n)se
Bayninan Ifugaw (1) WMP. see: Ifugaw (Bayninan)
69. Bebeli (14) OC
into drink (PMP: *inum)
kelto dig (POC: *kali ~ keli) *kalih
kɛnto eat (POC: *kani) *kaen
kuniskin (POC: *kulit) *kuliC
kuvuksmoke (POC: *kupuk)
loŋoto hear (POC: *roŋoR) *deŋeR
lutwo (POC: *rua) *duSa
ma-mawato yawn (POC: *mawap) *Suab
mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mɛto come (POC: *maRi) *aRi
mɔtɔsnake (POC: *mwata)
pɛlilgrass (POC: *palici) *baliji
talaŋaear (POC: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa
tututo pound, beat (PAN: *tutuh)
70. Bekatan (30) WMP (Freeman n.d.a.) [aka: Bakatan]
aloday (PMP: *qalejaw)
amafather (PAN: *amax)
anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak
apatfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
apoyfire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
atuhundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus
basohwet (PMP: *baseq)
batuhstone (PMP: *batu) *batux
bawipig (PAN: *babuy₃)
danumwater (PMP: *danum) *daNum
danumdanum (PMP: *danum) *daNum Bekatan
daunleaf (PMP: *dahun)
dugwotwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
duruthunder (PAN: *duhduh)
enomsix (PAN: *enem)
inamother (PMP: *ina)
inemother’s sister (PMP: *ina)
kai1pl. excl., we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami
kajuwood (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
limafive (PAN: *lima)
Bekatan (20 / 30)

mamefather’s brother (PMP: *mama) *mamah
masomsour (PWMP: *esem)
matoheye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
raraŋ (reduplication of **raŋ < *deRaŋ)red (PWMP: *deRaŋ)
roh3pl., they, them (PMP: *ida)
siapchicken (PAN: *siap)
tah1pl. incl., we (PAN: *ita₁)
toluhthree (PAN: *telu)
uruŋnose (PAN: *ujuŋ)
utokbrain (PMP: *hutek)
71. Belait (34) WMP [beg] Brunei
adinname (PMP: *ajan)
adinname (PMP: *ajan)
asawdog (PAN: *asu₁)
atayliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
banehhusband (PMP: *banah) *baNaS
barehshoulder (PMP: *qabaRa₁)
bateowstone (PMP: *batu) *batux
batoʔneck (PWMP: *batuk₂)
bəriəwnew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
bəritheavy (PMP: *beReqat)
biəʔwet (PMP: *baseq)
buleowfeather (PMP: *bulu₁)
buliənmoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
buyôbetel pepper (PWMP: *buyuq)
dubehtwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
jaufar (PMP: *zauq)
kajeowwood (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
kuteowlouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
laimale, man (PMP: *laki₁)
mataheye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
Belait (20 / 34)

mulahto plant (PAN: *mula)
n-adaʔto sniff, smell (PMP: *hajek) *Sajek
ndoŋnose (PWMP: *e(ŋ)juŋ)
nipantooth (PAN: *nipen)
ŋanhand (PMP: *taŋan)
rəjehbig (PAN: *Raya)
sabahwife (PAN: *qasawa)
sapawthatch, roof (PAN: *sapaw)
siwanine (Ray 1913) (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa
talayrope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS
tamahfather (PMP: *t-amax) *amax
tanaʔearth (PMP: *taneq)
təjinbelly (PMP: *tian) *tiaN
titayfemale breast (PMP: *titiq)
Berawan (Batu Belah) (18) WMP [zbc] (Berawan, Central) Malaysia (Sarawak)
ampangolin, anteater (PAN: *qaRem) Batu Belah
bitokneck (PWMP: *batuk₂) Batu Belah
garutgrater (PMP: *garut) *garuC Batu Belah
gənəŋdwell (PWMP: *geneŋ) Batu Belah
kə-tuʔohright side (PMP: *tuqu₁) Batu Belah
ləjaŋwooden house-shaped coffin raised on pillars (PMP: *liaŋ) Batu Belah
lukotmoss (PAN: *lukuC) Batu Belah
nikuŋpalms of the genus Oncosperma (PMP: *qanibuŋ) Batu Belah
ŋe-liŋahear (PWMP: *liŋa₂) Batu Belah
paginfence (PMP: *pager) Batu Belah
se-libetturn (PWMP: *libet) Batu Belah
sumitmoustache (PWMP: *sumit) Batu Belah
t-amahfather (ref.) (PMP: *t-amax) *amax Batu Belah
təkəpkind of latex-bearing tree with small fruit (PWMP: *teRep) Batu Belah
tepamat (PWMP: *tepa) Batu Belah
tijenbelly, abdomen (PMP: *tian) *tiaN Batu Belah
tuhthis (PWMP: *-tu) *-Cu Batu Belah
tuminheel (PWMP: *tumid) Batu Belah

Berawan (Long Jegan) (17) WMP [zbe] (Berawan) Malaysia (Sarawak)
acewdog (PAN: *asu₁) Long Jegan
akempangolin, anteater (PAN: *qaRem) Long Jegan
araythere (PMP: *a-di) *-di Long Jegan
atawhere (PMP: *a-tu) *-Cu Long Jegan
ce gikkəwone thousand (PMP: *Ribu) Long Jegan
dəkkəyhouse post (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi Long Jegan
kaʔaw2sg., you/thou (PMP: *kahu) *kaSu Long Jegan
kem-æna-nMZ, FZ (PWMP: *kam-ina-en) *ina Long Jegan
ketawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁ Long Jegan
kijəybig (PAN: *Raya) Long Jegan
kuβitlong (PWMP: *abuat) Long Jegan
m-uamto yawn (PMP: *ma-huab₁) *Suab Long Jegan
naythat (PAN: *-ni) Long Jegan
raythere (PMP: *-di) Long Jegan
tawthis (PWMP: *-tu) *-Cu Long Jegan
toməñheel (PWMP: *tumid) Long Jegan
tucuhand (PAN: *tuzuq₁) Long Jegan

Berawan (Long Terawan) (132) WMP (Blust n.d. (1971)) [zbw] (Berawan) Malaysia (Sarawak)
acih gikkuhone thousand (PMP: *Ribu) Long Terawan
acohdog (PAN: *asu₁) Long Terawan
akanknowledge, intelligence (LOAN) Long Terawan
akkoh1sg. nominative and accusative pronoun: I, me (PAN: *aku) Long Terawan
akkuhashes (PMP: *qabu) Long Terawan
alunboat, canoe (PWMP: *alud) Long Terawan
anaytermite, white ant (PAN: *aNay) Long Terawan
anaʔchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak Long Terawan
añiːmto weave (PMP: *añam) Long Terawan
aŋaʔwide open, of the mouth (PMP: *qaŋap) Long Terawan
appiwtall (PWMP: *embaw) Long Terawan
asinsalty, sweet (PAN: *qasiN) Long Terawan
atapaddy with husk that remains after pounding (PWMP: *ataq) Long Terawan
atayliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay Long Terawan
atonarrange (LOAN) Long Terawan
baluythe friends or relatives of a slain man who take revenge on his slayer -- these are the baluy of the slayer (PMP: *baliw₂) Long Terawan
becuʔlarge yellowish-brown monkey (LOAN) Long Terawan
bekehhusked rice (PMP: *beRas) Long Terawan
bekeiʔheavy (PMP: *beReqat) Long Terawan
belihbuy (PMP: *beli) Long Terawan
Berawan (Long Terawan) (20 / 132)

beŋeceʔrace, ethnic group (LOAN) Long Terawan
bə-taŋehbe prone to crying, cry a lot (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis Long Terawan
betawsister (PMP: *betaw) Long Terawan
betEʔdesign, tattoo (PMP: *betik₂) *beCik Long Terawan
betoŋkind of large bamboo (PAN: *betuŋ₁) Long Terawan
bijihcrocodile (PMP: *buqaya) Long Terawan
bikihshoulder (PMP: *qabaRa₁) Long Terawan
bikoŋadze (PMP: *biŋkuŋ) Long Terawan
bitaŋfallen tree, log (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁ Long Terawan
bitoʔneck (PWMP: *batuk₂) Long Terawan
biʔohsmell, odor (PMP: *bahu) Long Terawan
bukkohknuckle, node, joint (PMP: *bukuh) Long Terawan
bukkuhconical bamboo fish trap (PAN: *bubu₂) Long Terawan
bulaŋcockfight; metal cockspur (PWMP: *bulaŋ) Long Terawan
bulinmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN Long Terawan
bulubamboo (PAN: *buluq₂) Long Terawan
buluhbody hair, feathers (PMP: *bulu₁) Long Terawan
bunoenemy (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂ Long Terawan
buŋehareca nut (PMP: *buŋa) Long Terawan
bupunheap, pile (PMP: *bunbun) Long Terawan
Berawan (Long Terawan) (40 / 132)

bupunrice porridge (PMP: *buRbuR₁) Long Terawan
buttancoconut (PWMP: *buntan) Long Terawan
cemsour (PWMP: *esem) Long Terawan
dəkkIhhouse post (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi Long Terawan
diciŋpartition between rooms in a longhouse (PMP: *diŋdiŋ₁) Long Terawan
dilənhousefly (PWMP: *dalej) Long Terawan
dilənhousefly (PMP: *lalej) Long Terawan
dimməhfive (PAN: *lima) Long Terawan
diofar (PMP: *zauq) Long Terawan
dionleaf (PMP: *dahun) Long Terawan
dukkihthorn (PMP: *duRi) Long Terawan
gikkuhthousand (PMP: *Ribu) Long Terawan
gitohhundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus Long Terawan
iciwday (PMP: *qalejaw) Long Terawan
jəlitongue (PWMP: *zelaq) Long Terawan
jingood (NOISE) Long Terawan
julluto flow (ROOT) Long Terawan
kajuhwood; tree (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw Long Terawan
kam2pl., you all (PMP: *kamu₂) *amu Long Terawan
kammeh1pl. excl., we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami Long Terawan
Berawan (Long Terawan) (60 / 132)

kapanthick (PWMP: *kapal) Long Terawan
kebeiʔlong (PWMP: *abuat) Long Terawan
kebiŋthe Malayan honey bear: Ursus malayanus (PWMP: *baRuaŋ) Long Terawan
kecofull after eating, satiated (PAN: *besuR) Long Terawan
kəjindurian (PWMP: *duRi-an) *duRi Long Terawan
kə-lawaʔspider (PMP: *ka-lawaq) *lawaq₂ Long Terawan
keuʔto pull, as weeds (PMP: *hebut) *SebuC Long Terawan
kijihbig (PAN: *Raya) Long Terawan
kilanhold in the hand (PWMP: *kilan) Long Terawan
kittəhwe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁ Long Terawan
lakawto walk (PMP: *lakaw) Long Terawan
lakkehman, male (PMP: *laki₁) Long Terawan
ləbbehtwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa Long Terawan
ləjəhginger (PMP: *laqia) Long Terawan
lem-alemevening (PMP: *halem) Long Terawan
lettéthunder (PWMP: *letiq) Long Terawan
ma-caʔcooked, ripe (PMP: *ma-qesak) *qesak Long Terawan
m-aməŋmute (NEAR) Long Terawan
manoʔbird (PMP: *manuk) Long Terawan
manoʔ wəkowl (LOAN) Long Terawan
Berawan (Long Terawan) (80 / 132)

m-areʔto sniff, kiss (PMP: *hajek) *Sajek Long Terawan
m-ənəmto close, as a door (PMP: *qeneb₁) *qeNeb₁ Long Terawan
mulehto plant (PAN: *mula) Long Terawan
munif (PWMP: *emun) Long Terawan
muñihto hide something (PWMP: *maŋ-buni) *buNi Long Terawan
munoŋlip (PWMP: *munuŋ) Long Terawan
naŋehto cry, to weep (PMP: *ma-naŋis) *Caŋis Long Terawan
nihthat (sp) (PAN: *-ni) Long Terawan
niuŋpalms of the genus Oncosperma (PMP: *qanibuŋ) Long Terawan
numsix (PAN: *enem) Long Terawan
(ŋ)aranname (PMP: *ŋajan) Long Terawan
ŋə-likamto open (PWMP: *likab) Long Terawan
ŋe-nipéhto dream (PMP: *h<in>ipi) *Sipi Long Terawan
pa-caʔto cook (PAN: *qesak) Long Terawan
pakkihstorage shelf above the hearth (PAN: *paRa₁) Long Terawan
pakkohfern (PWMP: *paku) *paheku Long Terawan
pecistinging, smarting (as a wound in contact with salt) (PMP: *hapejiq) *Sapejiq Long Terawan
pənofull (PAN: *peNuq) Long Terawan
piwater (PMP: *bahaq₂) *baSaq Long Terawan
pukhead hair (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS Long Terawan
Berawan (Long Terawan) (100 / 132)

pukkehvulva, vagina (PAN: *puki) Long Terawan
puloten (PAN: *puluq₁) *puluq Long Terawan
pusənnavel (PMP: *pusej) Long Terawan
putewhite (PMP: *putiq) Long Terawan
salaiʔlightning (PWMP: *sal(e)qit) Long Terawan
səlaŋboundary (PWMP: *selaŋ₁) Long Terawan
seŋamucus from the nose or throat (PWMP: *seŋa₁) Long Terawan
silohthey, them (PMP: *si ida) *ida Long Terawan
sitoto fall, of fruit (ROOT) Long Terawan
suloncomb (PWMP: *sulud₁) Long Terawan
tabehto laugh (PMP: *tawa₁) *Cawa Long Terawan
tallehrope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS Long Terawan
tamehfather (PMP: *t-amax) *amax Long Terawan
taŋehcrying, weeping (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis Long Terawan
taunyear (PMP: *taqun) Long Terawan
tekebinstar (PAN: *bituqen) Long Terawan
təlohthree (PAN: *telu) Long Terawan
təppuhsugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS Long Terawan
tijanbelly, abdomen (PMP: *tian) *tiaN Long Terawan
timoncucumber (PMP: *qatimun) Long Terawan
Berawan (Long Terawan) (120 / 132)

tukkehlarge intestine (PMP: *bituka) *biCuka Long Terawan
tukkihfish poison, Derris elliptica (PAN: *tubah) Long Terawan
tukonprop, support (PAN: *tukud) Long Terawan
tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ) Long Terawan
turawto sit (PWMP: *tujaw) Long Terawan
turoto sleep (PAN: *tuduR) Long Terawan
uguŋhorn of an animal (PAN: *uReŋ) Long Terawan
ujuhfreshwater crab (PMP: *qayuyu) Long Terawan
ukamegg that is ready to hatch (PWMP: *hu(ŋ)kab) Long Terawan
ulo lemknee (PMP: *qulu tuhud₂) *quluh Long Terawan
un-anpillow (PMP: *qulun-an) *qulun₂ Long Terawan
urohgrass (PAN: *udu) Long Terawan
utaʔshield (NOISE) Long Terawan

Berawan (Long Teru) (34) WMP (Blust n.d. (1971)) [zbc] ()
anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak Long Teru
apokdust (PMP: *apuk) Long Teru
atayliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay Long Teru
bətiʔcalf of the leg (PAN: *beties) Long Teru
bikilip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR Long Teru
binəhhusband (PMP: *banah) *baNaS Long Teru
bitokneck (PWMP: *batuk₂) Long Teru
cuŋnose (PMP: *ijuŋ) Long Teru
dimehfive (PAN: *lima) Long Teru
duvehtwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa Long Teru
gikkuhthousand (PMP: *Ribu) Long Teru
gitoʔhundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus Long Teru
ipukhead hair (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS Long Teru
kumanto eat (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen Long Teru
lakawto walk (PMP: *lakaw) Long Teru
lakkehmale, man (PMP: *laki₁) Long Teru
ləmknee (PWMP: *eleb) Long Teru
ligətturn (PWMP: *liget) Long Teru
lijeŋsingle-use post or pillar tomb (PMP: *liaŋ) Long Teru
likoŋback (anat.) (PAN: *likud) Long Teru
Berawan (Long Teru) (20 / 34)

matəheye (PMP: *mata) *maCa Long Teru
munoŋmouth (PWMP: *munuŋ) Long Teru
nəmsix (PAN: *enem) Long Teru
nulaŋrites of secondary treatment of the dead, consisting of the collection and reinterment of the bones (Metcalf 1982:20) (PWMP: *ma-nuqelaŋ) *tuqelaŋ Long Teru
paʔahthigh (PAN: *paqa₁) Long Teru
pusoheart; heart of banana (PMP: *pusuq₁) Long Teru
tavato laugh (PMP: *tawa₁) *Cawa Long Teru
təlohthree (PAN: *telu) Long Teru
tijenabdomen, belly (PMP: *tian) *tiaN Long Teru
tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ) Long Teru
tumeŋheel (PWMP: *tumid) Long Teru
turawto sit (PWMP: *tujaw) Long Teru
turoto sleep (PAN: *tuduR) Long Teru
ulohhead (PMP: *qulu) *quluh Long Teru

72. Beta (2) WMP [dyk] (Dayak, Land) Indonesia (Kalimantan)
ambokmat (PWMP: *a(m)bek)
kaŋaopen (PMP: *kaŋeqa)
Biak (175) SHWNG. see: Numfor
Bidayuh (59) WMP. see: Bidayuh (Bukar-Sadong)
73. Bidayuh (Bukar-Sadong) (59) WMP (Nais 1988) [sdo] (Bidayuh, Bukar-Sadong) Malaysia (Sarawak) [aka: Bidayuh, Sadong]
abaexpression of warning to stop an action (PWMP: *abá)
abiorifice of wound (NOISE)
abitplaited rattan carrying strap (PMP: *habit) *Sabit
aborjellyfish (NOISE)
abuŋswish of horsefly, gnat; buzz of flies, mosquitos or bees (NOISE)
abUtsecuring devices: pin, band, tie, string, belt (PWMP: *ambet)
amaŋfather (PMP: *amá-ŋ) *amax
ambokmat (NOISE)
ambundew (in small drops) (PWMP: *ambun)
amburdust, broken bits (PWMP: *abuR)
ampalacking contents, empty (as grains) (PMP: *qapah)
añitanimal skin with the hairs on it, pelt (of small animal) (PMP: *qanit) *qaNiC
apamatter, what is said or written (PMP: *apa₁)
apidadditional, extra (PMP: *qapij)
apusright through, throughout (PMP: *qa(m)pus)
apuyfire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
asakripe; cooked (PMP: *hasak) *Sasak
asaŋdomestic pigeon (PWMP: *acaŋ)
asuhsmoke (PMP: *qasu₃)
asumacid fruit, sour fruit (PWMP: *qalesem)
Bidayuh (Bukar-Sadong) (20 / 59)

atawe (PAN: *ata)
atauncooked, unripe (PWMP: *hataq)
atapeople in general (PMP: *qaRta)
atagobstinate, stubborn (PWMP: *atag)
atamto hurt, bully (NOISE)
ataptree sp. (NOISE)
atasas long as, provided that (NOISE)
atipa clip, a pin (PMP: *qatip₂)
atognoise of knocking (LOAN)
atognoise of knocking (NOISE)
aturcommand (LOAN)
aurbamboo (PMP: *qauR)
ayabconfused, muddled up, wandering of the mind (NOISE)
ayagsieve, strainer (PWMP: *qayag)
ayamplay with a toy; accompany a friend (PWMP: *qayam₃)
aya-ŋmother (Lebar 1975:195) (PMP: *aya₂)
babukGF (NOISE)
bataŋa stretch of longhouse; tree trunk; a block or row of houses (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
buarfeeling of vomiting (as that caused by windy stomach, etc.) (NEAR)
kaŋcroaking sound of a bullfrog (PWMP: *ekaŋ)
Bidayuh (Bukar-Sadong) (40 / 59)

puunbase; main part; beginning, origin (PMP: *puqun)
puun kayuhbase of a tree trunk (PMP: *puqun nu kahiw) *puqun
tai-nstomach; womb; belly; lower part of human body that contains the stomach and bowels (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
takifeces, excrement; relieve oneself; wax in the ear; scum from the preparation of coconut oil (PMP: *taki) *Caki
tap-anwinnowing basket (also used as a sieve) (PMP: *tahep-an) *tapeS
taruna place inland, etc., a wood; dwelling site, place (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN
tawuhlaughter, a laugh; to laugh, scoff at (PMP: *tawa₁) *Cawa
ti-barunrolled-up (as dried cuttlefish when being heated over a fire) (PMP: *balun₅) *baluN
tibuŋtop; a peak; a high vantage point (of hill, etc.) (ROOT)
tikgive a tick; sound made by a clock or watch (PMP: *tik₁) *tik
tikasswift-running (as of water in a narrowed portion of a stream) (PMP: *ti(ŋ)kas)
tuhasopen (PWMP: *tukas)
tumuhflea (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
tutoga knock (as on a door) (PMP: *tugtug₂) *CugCug₁
udipalive, living; fresh (as plants, milk) (PAN: *qudip₁) *qudip
upakan outer skin (as of human being, animal, plant, etc.); sheath; rind; bark (PWMP: *upak₁)
upisthe husk at the lower end of a palm branch (PWMP: *upis)
urama relish, vegetable condiment (PWMP: *qulam)
ututfart (PMP: *qutut)
Big Nambas (5) OC. see: V'ënen Taut
74. Biga (25) SHWNG (Grace n.d.) [bhc] Indonesia (Papua)
aistick, wood (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw
bunto kill (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
enefto sleep (PCEMP: *qenəp)
fanto shoot (PAN: *panaq)
fatfour (PEMP: *pat) *Sepat
inimto drink (PMP: *inum)
kalofrat (PCEMP: *kazupay)
lifo-tooth (PAN: *lipen)
lotwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
matto die; dead (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay
minibird (PMP: *manuk)
mlefto laugh (PCEMP: *malip)
mtatto fear (PAN: *ma-takut) *takut
-oboto fly (PMP: *Rebek)
-sato climb (PMP: *sakay₄)
susfemale breast (PAN: *susu₁)
tinisto weep, cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
tolthree (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
toloegg (PMP: *qateluR)
tutto pound, beat (PAN: *tuktuk₃)
Biga (20 / 25)

veiwater (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR
wa-binwoman (PCEMP: *b<in>ai) *bahi
wa-manman (PMP: *ma-Ruqanay) *RuqaNay
(w)umhouse (PAN: *Rumaq)
wutlouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
75. Bikol (2913) WMP (Mintz and Britanico 1985) [bik] Philippines (dialects: East Miraya 2, Miraya dialects 2, Naga 2, Camarines Sur 8)
-aalternant command suffix for verbs taking -on in the infinitive (PAN: *-a₁)
abágashoulder; side of a mountain (PMP: *qabaRa₁)
ábakaabaca, Manila hemp: Musa textilis (PPh: *abaká)
abáŋ-abáŋa hindrance (referring to a person who is always in the way) (PMP: *abaŋ₁)
ábayaccompany one another; participate in something together; best man, brides maid (PPH: *abay)
abóash, cinder (PMP: *qabu)
aboh-óngray; a grayish colored chicken (PWMP: *qabu-en) *qabu
abótarrive, come, reach (PPH: *qábut)
abot-ónto attain, catch up to, reach, be reached (PPH: *qábut-en) *qábut
abúloycontribution to charity (PPH: *abúluy)
ágamorning (PPH: *ága)
agakákclucking sound; to cluck (ROOT)
agáw-onbe snatched (PPh: *qaRaw-en) *qaRaw
agdáinvite, ask to come (NEAR)
agómspouse, mate; husband, wife (PPH: *agúm)
agúhotree possessing pine-like needles: Casuarina equisetifolia (PMP: *aRuhu)
ákákto quack (PMP: *akak)
akó1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku)
akʔákto quack (PMP: *qekqek)
alámbrewire (LOAN)
Bikol (20 / 2913)

alaŋánawkward, feeling out of place; indecisive; undecided (PPH: *alaŋ-án) *alaŋ
alásace (LOAN)
aldáwday (PMP: *qalejaw)
aldaw-ándaily (PPh: *qalejaw-an) *qalejaw
alimpupúro (< R)hair whorl (PAN: *qali-puju)
alin-tatáwcenter of the eye containing the iris and the pupil (PMP: *tau tau) *Cau
alipúroswhirlwind (PAN: *qali-)
ali-púroswhirlwind, cyclone, tornado (PMP: *-pudus)
aliwuswóssquall; whirlwind (PPH: *weswés)
alókinvite, ask to come (PWMP: *e(n)zuk)
álonwave, surf (PMP: *qalun)
aluhípancentipede (PMP: *qalu-hipan) *qalu-Sipan
alupagthe lychee, Litchi sinensis Sonn., subsp. philippinensis (PAN: *qalupaR)
amása measure of gold, equivalent to one sixteenth of a tahil (LOAN)
amáʔfather (PMP: *ama-q) *amax
am-balátokwoodpecker (PMP: *balalatuk) *balalaCuk
ambódto wrap; to band, bandage (PWMP: *qa(m)bej)
ambóndew; fog, mist, haze (PWMP: *ambun)
ambóndew; fog, mist, haze (PWMP: *qembun)
amíhannortheast wind, trade wind (PMP: *qamihan) *qamiS
Bikol (40 / 2913)

amihán-andirection of the northeast wind (PPh: *qamihan-an) *qamiS
amlóŋvine hanging from trees in the forest and used to make baskets (PPH: *amuluŋ)
ámoboss, master (LOAN)
ampátstop, put a stop to, quell, suppress (PWMP: *ampet)
ampáwpuffed rice (PMP: *ampaw)
-an1. verbal affix, locative series, infinitive-command form: dumán 'there, yonder' : duman-án 'come or go to', 2. verbal affix, reflexive action series, infinitive-command form: hugák 'lazy' : hugak-án 'to feel lazy', 3. verbal affix, regular series, infinitive-command form: imbitár 'invite' : imbitar-án 'to invite', 4. alternant command suffix for verbs taking i- in the infinitive: i-abót mo an asín or abot-án an asín 'pass the salt', 5. nominal affix, locative: eskuéla 'student' : eskuelah-án 'school' (PAN: *-an)
anáhawfan palm, possessing fronds which may be used for hats and thatching for houses: Livistona chinensis (PMP: *qanahaw)
andásbier; hearse (LOAN)
an h-in-unithe call or song of a bird (PMP: *huni) *Suni
ániharvest, crop (PMP: *qanih) *qaniS
aníh-anto harvest, reap (PWMP: *qanih-an) *qaniS
ani-niŋalecho (PMP: *niŋal)
aniniŋálecho (PAN: *qaNi-)
anínoshadow; reflection (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
ánitanimal skin, hide, pelt; leather (PMP: *qanit) *qaNiC
anít-anto flay or skin an animal (PWMP: *qanit-an) *qaNiC
anítoancestral spirits once represented by carved wooden statues (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu
anito-anmake a sacrifice to or hold a festival for a particular aníto (PPh: *qanitu-an) *qaNiCu
an m<in>anaan heirloom (PWMP: *mana₁)
an m<in>anaan heirloom (PWMP: *maña)
Bikol (60 / 2913)

a-nówhat (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁
ánodbob on the surface of the water (PAN: *qañud)
anómsix (PAN: *enem)
ánoytermite (PAN: *aNay)
anóy-onbe eaten by termites (PWMP: *anay-en) *aNay
antábayaccompany, escort, stay with; stay tuned to a particular radio station or television channel (PPh: *antábay)
antatarólarge caterpillar species (PWMP: *qantatadu)
antataró-onbe eaten by such a caterpillar (PWMP: *qantatadu)
antáʔjuice of fruits of the citrus family (NOISE)
an t<in>ábasremnants of cloth (PWMP: *tabas₂)
antíŋamulet, charm, fetish, talisman (LOAN)
antíŋ-antíŋamulet, charm, fetish, talisman (LOAN)
anuliŋtree with yellowish leaves, used as spinach (PMP: *añuliŋ)
anyílbluing, indigo (LOAN)
áŋatto challenge (PWMP: *aŋat)
áŋayfitting, proper (as clothes that match) (PPH: *aŋáy)
aŋhítreferring to the odor of a goat (PAN: *qaŋeSit)
aŋsódunderarm odor (PWMP: *qaŋ(e)sej)
aŋtódreferring to the smell of something burning, usually skin, leather or hair (PPh: *qaŋ(e)téj)
apárice husk, chaff (PWMP: *qepah)
Bikol (80 / 2913)

apátfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
apát-ápatonly four (PMP: *epat epat) *Sepat
apát-apátsend four at a time (PMP: *epat epat) *Sepat
apdóbile, gall; gall bladder (PAN: *qapejux)
apóglime (mineral) (PAN: *qapuR)
apósbutt (cigarette), stump (candle); coals (PMP: *epus)
apóscigarette butt (PMP: *qa(m)pus)
ápo-ʔgrandparent; sire; respectful title for old men or women; imp; a small human-like creature living in little earth mounds and possessing magical powers capable of turning people into animals such as toads, snakes (PPh: *apu-q) *apu
apó-ʔ-ongrandparents; ancestors, forefathers (PPh: *apu-en) *apu
apóʔ-on sa túhodgreat grandparent (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS
apyánopium (LOAN)
árakwhiskey, liquor, booze; wine (LOAN)
ar-aníh-anharvest time (PMP: *qanih) *qaniS
aráyouch (PPH: *aráy)
arnísart of self-defense using sticks and clubs; Philippine martial art (LOAN)
ásahope for or hope that (LOAN)
asa-hánhope for the success of (LOAN)
ásidescribing someone who is a show off (PWMP: *asi₂)
asínsalt (PAN: *qasiN)
asin-ánsalt shaker (PWMP: *qasin-an) *qasiN
Bikol (100 / 2913)

asin-ónto salt (PWMP: *qasin-en) *qasiN
asósmoke, fumes (PMP: *qasu₃)
asódhelp someone in pounding (rice, iron in a forge) (PPh: *qasúd)
asod-ánhelp someone in pounding (PPh: *qasud-án) *qasúd
asógan effeminate priest who speaks and attires himself like a woman, wears trinkets, and executes funny movements and provocative contortions during rituals offered to Aswang (witches) -- Bikol mythology (PWMP: *asug)
aswáŋdevil or witch said to eat human flesh (LOAN)
atárice bran (PMP: *qeta) *qeCah
átaŋa sacrifice offered to the gugúraŋ (household spirits carried around on the person) as a sign of thanksgiving consisting of one tenth of the harvest, later eaten by participants in the ritual (Bikol mythology); gift, sacrifice (PPh: *átaŋ₄) *átaŋ
atílow or ebb tide (PMP: *qeti₁)
atibáŋawhorsefly, botfly; a large blue fly known for its annoying buzzing (PAN: *qaCi-)
ati-báŋawhorsefly, botfly; a large blue fly known for its annoying buzzing (PAN: *baŋaw)
atipulokind of breadfruit: Artocarpus treculianus Elm. (Madulid 2001) (PPH: *qatipulu)
átissugar apple: Anona squamosa (LOAN)
átissugar apple: Annona squamosa (LOAN)
átissugar apple: Annona squamosa (LOAN)
atobtrap to catch rats or wild pigs (Tsuchida 1976:167) (PAN: *qaCeb)
atóproof; thatch (PMP: *qatep)
atop-ánto roof, to thatch (PWMP: *qatep-an) *qatep
atótfart (PMP: *qetut)
atubáŋ-anfront (PPh: *atúbaŋ)
Bikol (120 / 2913)

ayah (exclamation) (PAN: *ai₂)
áyamdog; canine (PWMP: *qayam₂)
ayáwdivorce one another (PPh: *ayáw)
ayún-anto join (become a member of, associate with) (PPH: *áyun)
bábadsoak (PPh: *bábad)
bábawshallow, superficial (PWMP: *babaw₂)
bábawplace something over or put something on top (PAN: *babaw₃)
ba-báyi ~ ba-bahigirl, woman, lady; female (PAN: *ba-bahi) *bahi
babáʔshort in height, squat, low (PMP: *babaq₁)
báboywild boar (PAN: *babuy₃)
badátfull and unable to eat any more (ROOT)
badbáddisentangle, loosen (as a knot, a rope); unwind, uncoil (PWMP: *bajbaj)
badílgun (LOAN)
bágaembers (PMP: *baRah)
bagáshusked or milled rice, referring to the uncooked rice one generally buys, and then later cooks (PMP: *beRas)
bágayfitting, proper, suitable (as clothes that match) (PWMP: *bagay)
bágayfitting, proper, suitable (LOAN)
bagáʔlung (PAN: *baRaq₁)
bagbágshipwrecked (PWMP: *baRbaR)
bagbágshipwrecked (PPH: *bagbág)
Bikol (140 / 2913)

bágobefore (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
bagóʔedema, dropsy (PWMP: *baguq)
bagtástraverse; cut across in walking (as across a field) (PMP: *be(R)tas)
bagyótyphoon, hurricane, gale, storm, tempest (PAN: *baRiuS)
bahágloincloth, G-string (PMP: *bahaR)
báhawcold, referring only to food once served hot (PMP: *bahaw) *baSaw
baháʔflood (PMP: *bahaq₂) *baSaq
bákaŋconfused, disoriented (PPH: *bakaŋ₂)
bakáw-anmangrove tree, having stilt-like roots and stems forming dense thickets along tidal shores: Rhizophora (PWMP: *bakehaw)
bákaʔmaybe, perchance, perhaps, possibly; might (PPH: *bakáq)
bakbáka large scab, ready to fall off; to peel (as sunburned skin) (PMP: *bakbak₁)
bakbak-ánpeel something off (PWMP: *bakbak-an) *bakbak₁
bakláʔeffeminate, gay, queer; a male homosexual (LOAN)
bákolsmall basket, woven from bamboo, with four corners at the bottom and circular opening at the top (PWMP: *bakul₁) *bakul
baktínpig (said in anger) (PPH: *baketin)
baktótcarry on the back, carry piggyback (PWMP: *beketut)
baládbe exposed to the sun; sunbathe, bask in the sun; dry in the sun, expose to the sun (PWMP: *belaj)
balagbágcrosswise (PPh: *bala(R)báR)
balágonvine (PWMP: *balaRen)
balakbákwide strips of the abaca or banana stalk used for tying (NOISE)
Bikol (160 / 2913)

balánakfish sp. found in rivers (PWMP: *balanak)
bálatshellfish which breeds along the beaches (PPh: *balát)
balátoŋlong beans (PWMP: *balatuŋ)
baláwsmall shrimp (PPh: *balaw₁)
baláyhouse, hut (PMP: *balay)
baláyiin-laws (PPh: *balaqih)
bálijoin, become a member of ; affiliate with, associate with; engage in, partake of, participate in (PPh: *báli)
balíequals (mathematics); all-in-all; adaptable (LOAN)
balíkback to front, inside out (of shoes on the wrong feet, gloves on the wrong hands); return; revert (PMP: *balik₂)
baliktádinverted, overturned, upside down; the opposite, reverse (PPh: *baliketád)
baliŋbíŋstarfruit: Averrhoa carambola (PWMP: *baliŋbiŋ)
balisóŋfan-knife (LOAN)
balítaŋa tripod consisting of three stakes driven into the ground and serving as a holder for a pot (used for cooking when in the fields, on the trail, etc.) (PWMP: *bali(n)taŋ)
balítiʔbanyan (plays a prominent part in legends and mythology, calling forth associations of the dark and evil) (PPh: *balítiq)
balnáwto rinse, rinse off (as soap, dirt) (PPh: *bal(e)ñáw)
balnáwrinse (ROOT)
balówidow(er) (PMP: *balu₄)
balódring dove (PMP: *baluj) *baRuj
balóstake revenge on, get even with, retaliate against (PAN: *bales₁)
balós-balósreciprocate (PAN: *bales₁)
Bikol (180 / 2913)

balyán, balyán-apriestess (Bikol mythology) (PWMP: *balian)
balyógo across, go over to the other side (PMP: *baliw₁)
bambánwild grass used in making baskets (PWMP: *banban)
bambánwild grass species (used in making baskets) (PWMP: *benben₂)
banabátimber-producing deciduous tree with light purple flowers (PPh: *banabá)
banáldevout, pious, religious (LOAN)
bánatto hit (PWMP: *banat)
banáʔagbeam of light; moonlight, firelight (PMP: *banaqaR)
banhíʔrice seedling (PWMP: *benehiq)
bania tree: Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr., Fabaceae (Madulid 2001) (PPH: *bani₂)
banógbash, hit hard, strike (PPh: *banéR)
banságalias, nickname (usually associated with looks, occupation or some other characteristics of the person) (PPH: *ban(e)sag)
bantóg-andistinguished, famous, eminent, great, illustrious, notable, renowned, well-known; a celebrity (PPH: *bantug)
banwítfish hook (PPh: *banuít)
baŋgíevening, night (PMP: *beRŋi)
baŋkáythe body of a dead person, corpse (PWMP: *baŋkay)
báŋonget up, arise, rise; get out of bed; name someone after (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN
baŋón-onhelp someone up (PWMP: *baŋun-en) *baŋuN
baŋósmilkfish (PPH: *baŋús)
barakílancross-beam (PPH: *barakílan)
Bikol (200 / 2913)

báraŋbewitch, cast a spell on someone using techniques similar to voodoo (NOISE)
baráŋaydivision of a municipality, hamlet; medium-size boat (PWMP: *baraŋay)
báratbolt (as for a door) (PAN: *barat₁)
barétaʔnews, tidings (LOAN)
b-ar-isbísto flow or run, referring only to rain water which runs from the roof b-ar-isbis-an eaves (ROOT)
basáʔwet, damp, soggy (PMP: *baseq)
basáʔ-básaʔsoaking wet, sodden (PWMP: *ma-base-baseq) *baseq
basaʔ-onto wet, dampen, drench, baste (PWMP: *basaq-en) *baseq
basbáswhip (PAN: *basbas₁)
básbásto whip (beat, hit) (PAN: *basbas₁)
basbása rite performed by the balyána in which the body of the dead is washed with the water-softened leaves of the lukbán (pomelo) as part of a ritual purification; to exorcise someone (PWMP: *basbas₄) *basbas₂
basbásclear a path, usually through tall grass (PWMP: *basbas₃)
básijuice from the sugarcane (recorded in the 18th century) (PPH: *bási)
basógfull, replete; describing someone who is unable to eat any more (PAN: *besuR)
basóg-básogvery full (PAN: *besuR)
basog-ónfill oneself up (PWMP: *besuR-en) *besuR
básolblame, censure, reprove; blame someone for (PPh: *bes(e)qel)
básolblame, censure, reprove; blame someone (PPH: *básul)
bataŋ-antransverse beams tied to the posts of a house serving as a base for the floor (PWMP: *bataŋ-an) *bataŋ₁
batbátiron, wrought iron (PWMP: *batbat)
Bikol (220 / 2913)

batóweight used in determining the weight and value of gold (PMP: *batu) *batux
batókidney (PMP: *batu₂)
batókto bark (PMP: *batuk₁)
batók-batók-ondescribing a dog that is always barking (PWMP: *batuk batuk) *batuk₁
báwalforbidden, prohibited, taboo (LOAN)
báyadfee, gratuity, payment, rate, toll, wage (PMP: *bayaD)
bayád-anto pay (PMP: *bayaD)
báyaʔstop doing something, abandon, disregard, dispense with, forego, leave off, relinquish, renounce; concede (as defeat) (NOISE)
baybáysand (PPh: *baybáy)
baybay-onbeach, coast, seashore, shore (PPh: *baybáy)
báʔakcrevice, fissure, rift (PMP: *baqak₁)
baʔgaŋmolar (PMP: *bageqaŋ)
baʔgóbefore (in time); new (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
baʔŋógthe smell of dung or excrement; the smell of mud containing rotten wood, leaves (NOISE)
baʔógbarren, infertile, sterile, describing someone who is unable to produce offspring (PPH: *báqug)
báʔolfootlocker, trunk (LOAN)
baʔóʔoturtle found in rivers and lakes (PPH: *baququ)
biaya, biyáyagrace, blessing; generous; show generosity toward (LOAN)
bibísmall freshwater clam sp. (PMP: *bibi₁) *bibi
bi-bíŋkacassava cake, traditionally cooked in an oven with fire on top and bottom (LOAN)
Bikol (240 / 2913)

bi-bitáy-angallows (PPh: *bítay)
bídastar, referring to the leading role in a play, movie (LOAN)
bígaʔcoarse plant with large leaves and thick trunk, producing edible stems and bulbs: Alocasia macrorrhiza (PMP: *biRaq₁)
bigláʔabruptly, suddenly, unexpectedly; spontaneously; all-at-once (PPh: *big(e)láq)
bigláʔ-anwithout advance warning (PPh: *big(e)láq)
bíhagcaptive, hostage; to capture (as during a war or raid); take hostage (PWMP: *bihaR)
bihag-oncapture (as during a war or raid); take hostage (PPh: *bihaR-en) *bihaR
bikaŋkáŋhaving the legs spread apart; spread the legs apart (PWMP: *bikaŋkaŋ)
bikaʔkáʔhaving the legs spread apart (ROOT)
bílaŋcount, enumerate, tally, total up (PAN: *bilaŋ₁)
biláŋgoʔofficer of the peace, constable, sheriff (LOAN)
bilaŋ-onto count, enumerate, tally, total up (PWMP: *bilaŋ-en) *bilaŋ₁
bilásreferring to the husband of one’s sister-in-law, or the wife of one’s brother-in-law (PPH: *bilas)
bilógcircle, disk, ring, sphere; circular, globular, round, rotund, spherical; complete, entire, full (as the moon) (LOAN)
biŋbíŋpull someone's ears in punishment or fun (PWMP: *biŋbiŋ₂)
biŋkóŋconcave; shipwright's adze (PMP: *biŋkuŋ)
bíraviolent stroke (PWMP: *bida)
biríbidgnarled, twisted (PWMP: *bidibid)
bírikback to front (NOISE)
biró bigláʔ-andescribing someone who suddenly shows up from nowehere (PPh: *big(e)láq)
Bikol (260 / 2913)

bítayhang oneself to death; be hanged (PPh: *bítay)
bitay-onhang someone (PPh: *bitay-en) *bítay
bitáʔogtree producing a wood used for the ribs of boats: Calophyllum (PMP: *bitaquR)
bitáʔosWrightia pubescens R. (Madulid 2000) (PWMP: *bitaqus)
bitbítcarry in the hand, tote (PMP: *bitbit₂) *bitbit
bitbít-oncarry in the hand, tote (PWMP: *bitbit-en) *bitbit
bitíkspring trap consisting of a noose which is tightened and pulled when sprung, causing what is caught to hang until freed (PMP: *bitik₁)
bitik-ónto trap with a spring trap (PMP: *bitik₁)
bitínsuspend or hang someone up; fiesta game (the aim of which is to reach gifts hanging from a horizontal pole) (PPh: *bítin)
bitín-bítinswing back and forth, as by the hands (PPh: *bítin-bítin) *bítin
bitín sawáŋsnake, kind of boa constrictor (PPh: *bítin)
bitísfoot (PMP: *bities)
bitúkabowels, intestines, gut (PMP: *bituka) *biCuka
bitúʔonstar in the sky) (PAN: *bituqen)
biʔásinternode of cane-like structures such as sugarcane, bamboo; bone length between two joints (PWMP: *biqas)
biʔásinternode of cane-like structures such as sugarcane, bamboo; bone length between two joints (LOAN)
bóboclown, buffoon, jester (LOAN)
bodégawarehouse; storage room; shed; hold of a ship (LOAN)
bólaball (LOAN)
bómbabomb; sexy movies (LOAN)
Bikol (280 / 2913)

bómbapump (LOAN)
bosína, busínahorn (of cars and other vehicles) (LOAN)
bótovote; vote for (LOAN)
botónesbutton (LOAN)
bóyabuoy (LOAN)
boʔotmountain rat (Tsuchida 1976:136) (PAN: *buhet)
búbofish trap, four to five feet long and six to eight inches in diameter, made of rattan, used in rivers (PAN: *bubu₂)
bubónwell (PMP: *bubun₁) *bubun
bubóŋmetal strip covering the seam at the peak and edges of the roof; kind of grass used for roof thatching (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
bu-bulán-onloony; also describing someone affected by periods of strange and unaccountable actions (PWMP: *bulan bulan-en) *bulaN
bubuŋ-ánroof (PMP: *bubuŋ-an) *bubuŋ₁
budbódscatter, sprinkle (as seeds); to sow (PMP: *budbud₁)
buga-n-ána place to spit, particularly with reference to betel chewers (PMP: *buRah-an) *buReS
búgawdrive something away, usually referring to annoying animals or fowl; bodyguard; pimp (PAN: *buRaw)
bugáw-ondrive something away, usually referring to annoying animals or fowl (PPh: *buRaw-en) *buRaw
bugkóstie a knot in; tie something to something else; lash; tie up, bind, swathe; unite, unify, bring together (PMP: *beRkes)
bugnáyfruit sp. (PWMP: *buRnay)
bugókrotten, referring only to eggs (PAN: *buRuk)
bugóngoiter (NOISE)
bugrísdiarrhoea, loose bowels (PPh: *bug(e)ris)
Bikol (300 / 2913)

bugris-óndescribing someone who often has diarrhoea (PPh: *bug(e)ris)
bugsóksteep (PMP: *buRsuk)
bugsóksteep (PPH: *bug(e)suk)
bugtákstrike or hit (PPh: *beRták)
bugtóŋthe only child in a family (PPH: *buR(e)túŋ)
buhístax, duty, levy; pay a tax on or for; to sacrifice (as one's life for someone) (PWMP: *buhis) *buhís
buhókhair, referring only to that on the head (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS
buhók maʔíscorn silk (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS
buhuk-ónhave a lot of hair on the head (PWMP: *buhek-en) *bukeS
bukáto open, unlock, turn on, switch on (as radio, light) (PMP: *buka)
bukálspring, natural flow of water (PMP: *bukal₁) *bukal
bukálspring, a natural flow of water (LOAN)
bukaŋkáŋopen (forced) at one end (PWMP: *bukaŋkaŋ)
bukásopen, ajar; on (as a radio, a light) (PMP: *bu(ŋ)kas) *bukas
bukbókbeat, hit, strike (PMP: *bukbuk₂)
bukbóksmall brown insects which bore into wood or infest rice; wood borer, wood tick, weevil (PMP: *bukbuk₃)
bukbok-ánfight (PMP: *bukbuk₂)
bukbók-oninfested with small brown insects which bore into wood or infest rice (PWMP: *bukbuk-en) *bukbuk₃
búkidhill, mountain (PAN: *bukij)
bukíd-búkidknoll, small hill (PAN: *bukij)
Bikol (320 / 2913)

bukládto spread out (as a mat); turn pages (as in a book); unroll, unfold, unfurl (PPh: *buk(e)lad)
bukónode (as in bamboo); knot (in wood) (PMP: *bukuh)
buko-bukójoints (of the body), ankle (PMP: *buku buku) *bukuh
búkolbump, lump (referring only to that on the body or head) (PMP: *buŋkul)
búkolbump; lump (referring only to that on the body or head) (PWMP: *bu(ŋ)kul)
bukól-bukól-anlarge bump or lump (PWMP: *buŋkul-en) *buŋkul
buktóthunchback; hunchbacked, slouched (PPh: *buk(e)tút)
bulaPhilippine mahogany: Shorea albus Foxw. (PMP: *bulah) *buleS
bulák-bugákgurgle, gush out (ROOT)
bulalákawmeteor, shooting star (PPh: *bulalákaw₂)
búlanmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
bulán-anmonthly (PWMP: *bulan-an) *bulaN
bulán-búlanevery month, monthly (PMP: *bulan-bulan₂) *bulaN
bulán-onloony; also describing someone affected by periods of strange and unaccountable actions (PWMP: *bulan-en) *bulaN
búlaŋspur of a fighting cock; cockfight (PWMP: *bulaŋ)
buláŋ-ancockfight arena (PWMP: *bulaŋ)
buláteroundworm, ascaris (PMP: *bulati)
bulatí-ondescribing someone with roundworms; get or suffer from roundworms (PMP: *bulati)
buláwsandy colored, gold colored; blond; albino (PAN: *bulaw)
buláw-angold (PAN: *bulaw-an) *bulaw
Bikol (340 / 2913)

bulaw-óndescribing something that is sandy colored or gold colored (PAN: *bulaw)
bulbólpubic hair (PPh: *bulbúl)
buldíŋdescribing someone blind in one eye (PPh: *bul(e)díŋ)
búlighelp someone carry something (PWMP: *bulig)
búlighelp someone carry something (PPh: *maR-búlig) *bulig
búligthe fruiting stem of the banana, filled with bunches of bananas (PMP: *buliR)
bulig-anhelp someone carry something (PPh: *bulig-an) *bulig
bulíʔvagina (PMP: *buliq₂)
bulnáwrinse, rinse off (as soap, dirt) (ROOT)
bulódhill (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁
bulóŋmedicine (PMP: *buluŋ₂)
búlosto flow, to run (water) (PWMP: *bulus)
bulyáwshout out something in anger (LOAN)
bumbón, bunbónscrub, wood or bamboo which block or obstruct rivers (PMP: *bunbun)
bunótcoconut husk (PMP: *bunut₁)
bunoʔ-ánabattoir, slaughterhouse (PWMP: *bunuq-an₁) *buNuq₂
bunoʔ-ónto butcher; to stab (PWMP: *bunuq-en) *buNuq₂
buntólirresolute, slow in making up one's mind (PWMP: *butul)
buntótrear part of a chicken from where the tail feathers grow (PMP: *buntut₁) *buntut
bunyágbaptism, christening (PPh: *buniag)
Bikol (360 / 2913)

búŋafruit; areca palm and nut; betel nut: Areca catechu (PMP: *buŋa)
buŋáŋaʔcrater, orifice; opening of a bottle, jar; mouth (of a jar); blurt something out (PPh: *buŋáŋaq)
buŋáwunconscious, knocked out (PWMP: *buŋaw₁)
búŋawscrotum, said in anger; penis (vulgar) (PPh: *buŋaw₂)
búŋaw moa curse (PPh: *buŋaw₂)
buŋíʔharelip; deformed, dented, disfigured (PPH: *buŋiq)
buŋkálturn over the soil, break ground; dig something out of the ground; uproot (NOISE)
búŋothair; the long ends of a moustache (PWMP: *buŋut)
buŋóʔskeleton, skull (PPH: *buŋuq)
buŋóʔskeleton, skull (NOISE)
buŋuránk.o. sweet green banana (PPH: *buŋuran)
buŋuránsweet green banana species (LOAN)
búrakflower, blossom (PWMP: *bujak)
burítalipot palm, sp. of tree having a spreading crown of fanlike leaves: Corypha umbraculifera (PMP: *buri₁)
buríkatdilated, wide open (the eyes) (NOISE)
burík-butíkspot, dot, fleck (PWMP: *burik)
burík-butíkspot, dot, fleck (PPh: *butik)
burik-butik-ónspotted, dotted, mottled (PWMP: *burik)
burik-butik-ónspotted, dotted, mottled (PPh: *butik)
buríŋcarbon, soot, or mud used by revelers to mark themselves during the three carnival days preceding Lent; any animal with grayish stripes (PWMP: *budiŋ)
Bikol (380 / 2913)

buríŋanimal (sp.) with gray stripes (PWMP: *buriŋ)
buró-buʔáyalarge green ground lizard with a yellow stripe (PMP: *buqaya)
buródlanguid, listless, sluggish, torpid, phlegmatic (PPH: *burúj)
b-ur-usóg-antug-of-war (PAN: *busuR₁)
busbósfall from or run out of (as rice from a ripped sack); referring to the spilling out of contents when something is cut open (PMP: *busbus)
busbós na sákoa leaking sack (PMP: *busbus)
busbus-ónripped open, slashed, slit (PWMP: *busbus-en) *busbus
búsiyogoiter (NOISE)
busíʔto slit, tear, rip (PPh: *busiq)
busógbow (for shooting arrows) (PMP: *busuR₂)
busónmailbox, postbox (LOAN)
bútablind (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa
butákarocking chair (LOAN)
butandíŋwhale sp. (PPh: *butandiŋ)
butá-onto blind (PMP: *buta-en mata) *buCa
butbótlook through carefully for something, go through (PMP: *butbut₂) *buCbuC
butbóthoot, sound of an owl (PWMP: *butbut₁)
butbot-onlook through carefully for something (PPh: *butbut-en) *buCbuC
butikíʔhouse lizard, gecko (PPh: *butikíq)
butítitadpole; species of large-bellied fish: Tetradon lunaris; large-bellied (PWMP: *butiti)
Bikol (400 / 2913)

bútodreferring usually to fish, dead and bloated, found floating in the water; may be applicable to other animals found in a similar condition; foul smell of rotten fish; putrid (PWMP: *buntuD)
butógswollen, puffy, bulging; bladder, balloon (PWMP: *buntuR)
butóŋspecies of small bamboo (PAN: *betuŋ₁)
bútoŋmedium-sized tree with white flowers, large leaves and a large oval fruit from which a fish poison is extracted: Barringtonia asiatica (PWMP: *butuŋ)
bútoʔprick, cock, penis (vulgar) (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq
búyoʔvine sp. whose leaf is used as part of the mixture of betel nut and lime called mamáʔ (PWMP: *buyuq)
buʔáyacrocodile; describing someone who lacks team spirit, someone who is always hogging the ball (PMP: *buqaya)
buʔbóʔto douse, pour water on (PMP: *buqbuq)
buʔníringworm, herpes (PMP: *buqeni)
buʔólheel (PPh: *buqel)
da-datŋ-ónan epileptic (PMP: *dateŋ)
dádosdice (LOAN)
dágaknife, dagger (LOAN)
dagámistraw (PMP: *zaRami)
dágatocean, sea (PMP: *daRat)
dagáʔearth, land, soil (PAN: *daReq)
dágomneedle (PAN: *zaRum)
dágosthen, and then; afterwards (PPH: *dágus₁)
d<ag>uldólthunder (PPH: *duldúl₂)
dáhonleaf, foliage; page (PMP: *dahun)
Bikol (420 / 2913)

dáhon nin tubówhip snake (small, green and poisonous) (PMP: *dahun)
dakít-anto move to a different house (PPH: *dákit)
dakólmany, much, plenty, a lot; abundant, bountiful (PPH: *dakél)
daláganto run, dash, scamper, scurry; gallop, jog, lope, trot (PPH: *dalágan)
dálanpath, track, trail; road, thoroughfare, way (PMP: *zalan)
dálan-dálanpath, trail (PAN: *zalan-zalan) *zalan
dalísayhigh quality gold (PPH: *dalísay)
dalupániʔfish sp.: Leiognathus insigniator (PPH: *dalupániq)
dalúpaŋshrub with pink flowers and sweet smelling fruit, producing fibers useful in making sacking or paper: Urena lobata (PPH: *dalúpaŋ)
dámacheckers (LOAN)
dámotreferring to the accumulation of many things (PWMP: *dámut)
dánawlake; lagoon (PAN: *danaw)
danáʔa trail or pathway formed by people or animals continually passing over the same place (PPH: *danáq₁)
daŋdáŋgo near a fire to warm up, dry off (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ
daŋdaŋ-ónbe reheated, be placed near a fire to warm up (PWMP: *daŋdaŋ-en) *daŋdaŋ
daŋógreputation (PMP: *deŋeR)
daŋóg-dáŋogclearly audible (PMP: *deŋeR)
daŋóg-daŋóghearsay, innuendo (PMP: *deŋeR)
daŋog-ónto listen to (PPH: *deŋeR-en) *deŋeR
dapánsole of the foot (PMP: *dapan) *dapaN
Bikol (440 / 2913)

dápatmust, ought to, should; to be obliged to, required to; it is necessary or essential that (PPH: *dapat₄)
dapáʔstack of rice in the field (NOISE)
dapdáptree with red, pea-shaped flowers growing in dense clusters, possessing long pods, smooth, gray bark, and young branches with prickles; wood used in fencing and for boundary posts: the Indian coral tree, Erythrina indica (PMP: *dapdap₁)
dapít-onto escort the dead (priests) (PWMP: *dapit)
dapóghearth, a place for cooking; kitchen (PMP: *dapuR₁)
dapóʔ-ana perch, roost (PPH: *dapuq)
da-rágayoung, unmarried woman; maiden, damsel, lass (PWMP: *da-daRa) *daRa₂
darusdus-ánsliding board, chute; playground slide (PPH: *darusdús)
datóŋto arrive; epilepsy (PMP: *dateŋ)
datoŋ-ánthe main entrance to a town (PWMP: *dateŋ-an) *dateŋ
dáto-ʔ(archaic) headman, chief; also referring to the rich and influential members of pre-Hispanic Bikol society (PMP: *datu)
dawaeven if, even though (PPH: *dawa)
dayaŋdáŋa tree with greenish-white flowers, a smooth leathery fruit and a poisonous sap: Lophopetalum toxicum (PPH: *dayaŋdáŋ)
dáyaʔdeceit, guile (LOAN)
dáʔanold, referring only to things; stale (as bread) (PMP: *daqan₂) *daqaN
daʔíno, not (verbal sentences) (PAN: *qazi)
daʔí in-anóintact, untouched (PWMP: *in-anu) *-nu₁
daʔi ma-bílaŋcountless, incalculable, innumerable, myriad (PPh: *ma-bilaŋ) *bilaŋ₁
daʔi ma-káyaincapable or unable to do something (PWMP: *kaya)
daʔí-ŋ púsoʔheartless, callous, cold, hardhearted (PMP: *pusuq₁)
Bikol (460 / 2913)

dáʔoa tree: Dracontomelum dao (PMP: *daqu₁)
dedálthimble (LOAN)
dikítlittle, few, a drop, some, scant, meager, etc. (PAN: *dikit)
dikít dikítlittle-by-little, bit-by-bit, gradual(ly) (PWMP: *dikit dikit) *dikit
dílaʔtongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)
dílislong-jawed anchovy: Stelophorus commersoni (PPH: *dilis)
dítaʔplant sp. possessing a milky sap commonly used as a poison placed on tips of arrows (PPH: *dítaq)
dúdadoubt, qualm, suspicion (LOAN)
du-duwáonly two (PMP: *duha) *duSa
dúgifish bone, spine of a fish (PMP: *duRi)
dugmónnest of rats or rat-like animals (PPH: *dug(e)mún)
dugóʔblood (PMP: *zuRuq)
dukdókpound or crush, usually with a pestle (PMP: *dekdek) *dekdek₁
dukdókto pound or crush, usually with a pestle (PPH: *dukduk₂)
dukótto glue, paste, or stick something (PMP: *deket₁) *dekeC
dukóʔbend over, stoop (PMP: *dukuq)
dukóʔbend over, stoop (ROOT)
duldólscabies (NEAR)
dulí-dulícicada (PPH: *dulí-dulí)
dulómthe dark of the moon; the period with no moonlight (PPH: *dulem)
Bikol (480 / 2913)

dulósguitar string (PAN: *deles)
dúlutgift, donation (PPH: *dúlut)
duŋánconcurrent, coinciding, simultaneous, together (PMP: *deŋan)
dúŋontree producing timber for pilings, foundations, etc., and bearing a boat-shaped acidic fruit: Heritiera littoralis (PWMP: *duŋun)
dupáan arm’s length (PAN: *depah)
dupa-onto measure with the arm (PWMP: *depa-en) *depah
dúronlocust (PPh: *dúdun)
duron-onbe eaten or destroyed by locusts (PPh: *dúdun)
dusókcompact, compressed, condensed, packed (ROOT)
duwátwo; both (PMP: *duha) *duSa
duwá dúwaonly two (PMP: *duha duha₁) *duSa
dúyancradle, hammock (PPH: *dúyan)
gabaʔ-ónto destroy, to level, to raze (PPH: *Rebaq-en) *Rebaq
gabókrotten (wood) (PMP: *Rabuk)
gabótpull up or out (as weeds, gray hairs) (PMP: *Rabut) *RabuC
gadótcompact, compressed (ROOT)
gakud-ánto tie something to (PPH: *Rakéd)
gamótroot (PMP: *Ramut₁)
gápassickle, used generally for harvesting rice (PPH: *gápas)
gapás-onto cut with a sickle (PPH: *gápas)
Bikol (500 / 2913)

gapós-onto manacle; to tie the hands or feet (PWMP: *Rapus-en) *Rapus
garáŋ-gasáŋjagged (PMP: *garaŋ-gasaŋ) *garaŋ₂
garápawide-mouthed bottle or jar; carafe, decanter (LOAN)
gásagauze; the bag-like wick of pressure lanterns (LOAN)
gásaŋa jagged stone; broken bits of stone or shell chips (PPH: *gásaŋ)
gasgásabrasion (PPH: *RasRas)
gatáksplit, cracked (PWMP: *gatak)
gatáksplit, cracked (PWMP: *getak)
gatákto split (as a glass, dry land) (PWMP: *Retak)
gatáksplit, cracked (ROOT)
gatólan itch (PMP: *gatel) *gaCel
gatóŋ-anto stoke, to add fuel to (PPH: *gatuŋ)
gatóshundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus
gáwaypoisonous tentacles of the jellyfish (PMP: *gaway₁)
gáyadhem (LOAN)
gayákplan, intention (PPH: *gayák)
gáʔodtype of small boat containing two men, one who uses an oar to row and one who uses an oar to steer (PPH: *gáqud)
gibónsmall mound of earth in which seeds are placed (PWMP: *Ri(m)bun)
gibónsmall mound of soil in which seeds are planted (ROOT)
gíboŋ-sikáta feat (PPH: *sikát)
Bikol (520 / 2913)

gílidedge, margin, perimeter, rim (PPH: *gílij)
gilíŋ-angrinding stone, mill (PWMP: *giliŋ-an) *giliŋ
gilíŋ-onto grind or mill grains (PWMP: *giliŋ-en) *giliŋ
gimbállarge drum native to the Philippines (PWMP: *gimbal)
gi-nháwabreath, respiration (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa
gi-rumdum-ónto reminisce about, to call to mind (PAN: *demdem₁)
gisgisrub (as against a wall, tree) to relieve an itch (PAN: *gisgis₁)
gisíʔa tear (as in a shirt); torn (PMP: *Risiq)
gugónspear grass; cogon; a species of erect grass 30-80 cm. high with solid slender stems and long linear leaves used for roofing: Imperata cylindrica (PMP: *guRun)
gúgoʔa tree possessing a bark which may be used in preparing an anti-dandruff shampoo: Entada phaseolus (PPH: *gúguq)
gukónhot pad; wooden or bamboo shield placed beneath a pot to keep it from burning or dirtying the table (PAN: *Reken)
gumólwrestle with one another (PWMP: *gumul)
guntíŋscissors; A-beam (carpentry) (LOAN)
guráŋold (humans, animals); aged, old (PAN: *Rudaŋ)
gusókrib (PAN: *Rusuk)
gutíɁpopped rice or corn (PWMP: *Retiq)
guyáʔguyáʔshake something (PWMP: *guyaq)
guyoŋto shake (as a house, a tree to bring the fruit down, etc.) (PWMP: *Ruyuŋ)
ha-adjectival affix prefixed to adjectives denoting height, length, and depth (PMP: *ha-₁) *ha-
ha-affix prefixed to adjectives denoting height, length and depth (PMP: *ha-₂) *Sa-₁
Bikol (540 / 2913)

habágatsouth wind (PMP: *habaRat) *SabaRat
habáncarry something cradled in cloth high on the back near the shoulders (as one might carry a small child) (PMP: *heban) *SebaN
habl-ónbe woven; woven cloth (PWMP: *habel-en) *habél
habólthe weave of cloth (PPH: *habél)
haból-anloom (PPh: *habel-án) *habél
hadámborrow (PMP: *hezam) *Sezam
hadam-onto borrow (PPh: *hedam-en) *Sezam
hadóka kiss (PMP: *hajek) *Sajek
hadók-anto kiss (PPh: *hajek-an) *Sajek
hagdánstair, step (PMP: *haRezan)
hagkósbelt; strap (PPH: *hag(e)kes)
hagúŋ-húŋto hum (something), to buzz (PMP: *haRuŋ) *SaRuŋ
hákotto transport, usually by carrying (PMP: *hakut) *SakuC
hakót-hakótspecies of wasp nesting in wood (PWMP: *hakut hakut)
halátwait, wait for (LOAN)
haláwdrive away (as annoying animals, people) (PWMP: *halaw)
hálonto swallow (ROOT)
hamákmat (PWMP: *hamak)
hamak-ánspread a mat on (PWMP: *hamak)
(h)ambódto wrap, to band; bandage (PWMP: *hambej)
Bikol (560 / 2913)

hambógboastful, conceited (PPh: *hambúg)
hamíssweet (PMP: *hemis)
hampákto lash, whip, flagellate (PPh: *hampak)
hamtáklong bean species (PWMP: *hametak)
hanáwwash the hands or feet (PMP: *heñaw) *Señaw
ha-ntíklarge black ant which may sting when disturbed (PMP: *me(n)tik) *me(n)tik (X + me(n)tik)
haŋálstupid, idiotic (LOAN)
háŋosinhale or exhale; breathe, sigh (PWMP: *haŋus₁)
haŋós-haŋóspant, be out of breath, be winded (PWMP: *haŋus₁)
háŋotthe smell of green wood; the smell of certain unidentifiable odors in the air; the taste of certain vegetables like celery, carrots (PAN: *haŋut) *Saŋut
haŋóteat something tough by pulling at it with the teeth (PPh: *haŋút)
haŋús-ontake in a breath of air (PWMP: *haŋus-en) *haŋus₁
hápagpursue, chase (NOISE)
hapág-onbe chased, pursued (PPH: *hapáR-en) *hápaR
hapdíʔsmarting or burning of the eyes (PMP: *hapejiq) *Sapejiq
hapdóspain (PMP: *hapejes)
hapgósrub something off (PPh: *hapRus)
hápinlining; insulation, padding; layer, ply, veneer; (fig.) eat or drink something to line the stomach before drinking liquor (PMP: *hapin)
hápinlining; insulation, padding; layer, ply, veneer; to line (as shelves, boxes) (NOISE)
hapín-anto line (as shelves, boxes); to pad, insulate (PPH: *hapin-an) *hapin
Bikol (580 / 2913)

háponafternoon (PPh: *hápun)
ha-ráromdeep, profound (PMP: *dalem)
ha-ráromdeep, profound (PAN: *ma-dalem) *dalem
harígipost, pillar, column (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi
haruʔánfreshwater fish sp., (PWMP: *haruqan)
hasókplant rice or corn seeds by placing them in a hole made by a pole; referring only to upland field cultivation carried out at present primarily by minority groups (PMP: *hasek₁)
hasókplant rice or corn seeds by placing them in a hole made by a pole (PPH: *hesek₁)
hasok-ánhask-ánupland rice or corn fields (PPh: *hesek-án) *hesek₁
hatódto escort, conduct; to convoy; convey or deliver; bring or accompany to a particular place (PMP: *hateD) *SateD
hatsiŋsneeze (NOISE)
háwakbody, torso, physique; stalk of plants; shaft of an arrow (PMP: *hawak) *Sawak
háyopanimal; beast, creature (PPh: *hayep)
hayópblow something away (PWMP: *hayup)
hayópblow something away; blow on something (PMP: *heyup) *Seyup
hayop-anplace of blowing (PMP: *heyup-an) *Seyup
hayop-ónblow something away, blow on (PWMP: *heyup-en) *Seyup
haʔgóktake deep breaths, as one tired or ill with asthma; to gasp (PMP: *heqeguk)
háʔlupounding stick for rice; pestle (PMP: *qahelu) *qaSelu
hidámto borrow (PWMP: *hinzam)
higdáʔlie down, repose (PPh: *hideRáq)
Bikol (600 / 2913)

hígopto siphon, sip (PMP: *hiRup) *SiRup
hígop-onbe siphoned, sipped by (PWMP: *hiRup-en) *SiRup
higóttaut, tight; tense (PPh: *hiRét)
higóttaut, tight, tense (PPH: *higút)
higót-antighten a part of something (PPh: *hiRet-an) *hiRét
higpítstrict, tight (as regulations); drastic, harsh, rigid, stringent (PPh: *hig(e)pít)
higpít-onbe enforced (as regulations), be tightened (as restrictions) (PPh: *hig(e)pít-en) *hig(e)pít
híkawearrings (LOAN)
híkotnet, now primarily used for fishing, but in the past used for hunting as well (PMP: *hiket) *Siket
híkotnet, now primarily used for fishing, but in the past used for hunting as well (PWMP: *hiket)
hikót-onbe made into a net from (PWMP: *hiket-en) *Siket
hílaa work song sung when pulling or hauling (PWMP: *hilah)
hílawork song sung when pulling or hauling (NOISE)
hiláp-onto slice meat (PPH: *hilap-en) *hilap
hiláwraw, half-cooked (meat, vegetables); immature (fruits, vegetables) (PPh: *hiláw)
hilíŋa look; look at, look over, admire (PWMP: *hiliŋ)
hilíŋa look; look at, look over, admire (PWMP: *iliŋ₂)
hílopoison (PWMP: *hilu)
hílomin secret; clandestine, covert, furtive, surreptitious (PWMP: *lihem)
himsáʔto hatch (ROOT)
Bikol (620 / 2913)

hin-prefix which conveys the meaning of removing something (PMP: *hin-) *Sin-
hinógripe, mature (PPH: *hinuR)
h-in-úmaythe dish prepared in this way} (PMP: *hemay) *Semay
hiŋ-kuku-hónto clean the nails (PMP: *kukuh) *kuSkuS₁
hiŋ-tuli-ónto clean wax from the ears (PMP: *tuli₁) *Culi
hípag, ípagsister-in-law (PMP: *hipaR₁) *hipaR
hípaʔwait for in hiding; ambush, waylay, spring upon, set upon; to lurk, skulk, slink, sneak (PMP: *hipaʔ)
hísoʔrub dirt off the body with a stone while bathing (PMP: *hisuq)
hítaʔgroin (PPh: *hitaq)
hítoʔfreshwater catfish sp. (PMP: *hituq)
híwaʔto slice meat (PPh: *híwaq)
hiwáʔ-anslice meat (PPh: *hiwáq-an) *híwaq
hiwáʔ-onbe sliced, of meat (PPh: *hiwáq-en) *híwaq
hoyhey; an exclamation of warning or a call for attention; a response when one is called (PMP: *huy)
hubádundo a knot; untie, unfasten; disentangle, untangle (PPh: *hubád)
hubád-onbe loosened (PPh: *hubád-en) *hubád
hubóʔ-onto move or transfer something to a new place (PPH: *hubuq-en) *hubuq
húgasto wash (as dishes, a car; not applicable to the face, hands or clothes) (PMP: *huRas) *SuRas
hugás-onbe washed off (PWMP: *huRas-en) *SuRas
hugótremove something with the fingers (as lice from the hair, grains of rice from the stalk) (PAN: *SuRut)
Bikol (640 / 2913)

hugút-onremove with the fingers (PAN: *SuRut-en) *SuRut
hukáydig something up (PWMP: *hukay)
hukáy-andig into (PWMP: *hukay-an) *hukay
hukómjudge (LOAN)
hukrágoŋsnore (ROOT)
hulbótpull out, unsheathe, extract (Also Manobo (Western Bukidnon) hulavut 'draw a dagger') (ROOT)
húlidlie someone down to sleep (as a child); lie down beside (PMP: *hulij) *Sulij
húlithomily (PPH: *hulit)
húlogdrop something; fall (PMP: *huluR) *SuluR
hulog-áninstallment (PWMP: *huluR-an) *SuluR
húmayprepare a dish eaten on festive occasions in which seasoned meat or fish and rice are cooked in a segment of bamboo (PMP: *hemay) *Semay
hunátstretch something; straighten something out (PPh: *huñat)
húnicall, sing (birds); twitter, warble (PMP: *huni) *Suni
húnodto sink (ROOT)
húnostithe, often paid in gold (PPH: *húnus) Camarines Sur
hurílast; late, overdue, retarded, tardy (PMP: *udehi)
hurih-ánthe hindmost part, posterior (PWMP: *udehi-an) *udehi
hurósslip or slide down (of something that has been tied or fastened) (PWMP: *hurus)
hútokbrain (PMP: *hutek)
húʔomto soak something (PWMP: *huqem)
Bikol (660 / 2913)

-ialternant command suffix for verbs taking -an in the infinitive: taʔw-an mo siya or taʔw-i siya 'give him some' (PAN: *-i₁)
i-verbal affix, instrumental, infinitive-command form (PMP: *i-) *Si-₁
i-abótto pass something (as to pass the salt) (PPH: *i-qábut) *qábut
íakcry out or shout (PMP: *iak)
iánthat, those (nearer than itó) (PWMP: *ian₃)
i-ánodget carried away by the current; drift, be adrift (PPh: *i-qañud) *qañud
ibádifferent, distinct, dissimilar, otherwise; contrasting; strange, peculiar; to differ, be different; include, incorporate, enclose; join, belong to; associate with; accompany, go or come along with (PMP: *ibah) *ibaS
ibábewitched (PPh: *iba₂)
ibádifferent, distinct, dissimilar, otherwise; contrasting; strange, peculiar; to differ, be different, be distinct from (PPH: *iba)
i-bábawon top, on the surface (PAN: *i babaw) *babaw₃
i-babáʔdownstairs, below (PMP: *babaq₁)
íbosrice sweet made from glutinous rice with coconut milk placed into tube-like containers of burí leaves and boiled for about two hours; served with sugar or chocolate (PPH: *ibus₂)
i-buybóyto confess sins; to recant (PPH: *buybúy)
i-dágosto continue doing something, to keep on, carry on with (PPH: *dágus₁)
idásterm for spouses when two brother have married two sisters (PAN: *idas₁)
i-dukótto glue, paste or stick something; to put up (as posters) (PPH: *i-deket) *dekeC
i-dúyanto rock a cradle or hammock (PPH: *dúyan)
igáŋreferring to dried salt (ROOT)
i-gátoŋto add fuel (PPH: *gatuŋ)
i-gílidto place at the edge (PPH: *gílij)
Bikol (680 / 2913)

íhiʔurine (PMP: *ihiq) *iSiq
íhiʔ-anurinal (PMP: *ihiq) *iSiq
íhoshark (PAN: *qiSu)
i-húlitto preach about (PPH: *hulit)
i-húlogto drop (something) (PPh: *i-huluR) *SuluR
ika-anómsixth (PMP: *ika-enem) *enem
ika-duwásecond (PMP: *ika-duha) *duSa
ika-pitóseventh (PMP: *ika-pitu) *pitu
ika-tulóthird (PMP: *ika-telu) *telu
i-ka-walóeighth (PMP: *ika-walu) *walu
íkíkthe squeak of a mouse (PWMP: *qi(ŋ)kik)
íkogtail (PAN: *ikuR)
ikʔíkeek! the squeak of a mouse; a shriek or shrill cry of pain or fright (PWMP: *qikqik)
i-lakáwto take for a walk (as a dog) (PMP: *lakaw)
ílawlight, lamp; headlight; flare (PMP: *qilaw)
i-ligtásto save or rescue; to recover, retrieve (PPH: *lig(e)tas)
ílobe orphaned (PWMP: *ilu)
ílomdescribing someone with dark brown skin (ROOT)
ílo-ŋ lubósan orphan (PWMP: *ilu)
i-luwásto take out, to put out (PMP: *luas₁)
Bikol (700 / 2913)

imátbe alert to, be on the watch for (LOAN)
imónenvious, covetous, jealous (PPh: *qímun)
ímotselfish, stingy, miserly, niggardly; a tightwad (PPh: *ímut)
-in-infix marking past and progressive tenses of verbs that take -on, i-, and -an in the regular series (PAN: *<in>) *-in-
ináM (PMP: *ina)
iná-ymom (informal) (PMP: *iná-i) *ina
iná-ʔM (PAN: *iná-q) *ina
iníthis, these (PAN: *i-ni) *-ni
ínitheat; warmth; argumentative, impatient (PWMP: *qinit)
init-onbe heated by (PPh: *qinit-en) *qinit
inómto drink (PMP: *inum)
inom-óna drink, beverage (PWMP: *inum-en) *inum
intsíkChinese (LOAN)
i-ŋáŋato open the mouth in order to show something inside (PMP: *ŋaŋa₂)
i-ŋáranto name someone after (PWMP: *i-ŋajan(-an)) *ŋajan
iŋástree with leaves that cause itching when they come into contact with the body (PWMP: *iŋas)
íŋatcareful; be careful; to look out or be on the lookout; take care in doing something (PMP: *iŋat)
iŋat-anbe careful with; take care of (PWMP: *iŋat-an) *iŋat
iŋós-iŋósto whimper (PMP: *iŋus)
ioyes (verbal sentences); an emphatic marker (PMP: *qio)
Bikol (720 / 2913)

i-padpádto be driven by the wind (a boat); to be blown away by the wind (PPH: *padpád)
i-pagpágshake out, as rug (PPH: *i-pagpág) *pagpág
i-pa-hidámto lend (PAN: *pa-hinzam) *hinzam
ipa-mánato bequeath (PWMP: *mana₁)
ipa-mánato bequeath (PWMP: *maña)
ipa-útaŋgive a loan of a particular amount of money (PPh: *ipa-qútaŋ) *qutaŋ
i-pigáto lay eggs, of a fish (PMP: *piRah) *piRaS
ípiltall tree producing high quality timber used for posts and beams: Intsia bijuga (PMP: *qipil)
ipíl-ípilsmall tree used as a border for plots of land, its seeds woven into bags and necklaces: Leucaena glauca (PPh: *ipil ipil)
ipítsquash, pinch, fasten with a pin; to pin, to clip (PMP: *qipit)
ípo-ípowhirlwind (LOAN)
i-rámasto combine or mix (PPH: *i-rámas) *rámas
i-ráromunderneath, under, below, beneath; on the bottom, underlying (PMP: *i dalem) *dalem
i-ráyaupstream, inland (PAN: *daya)
íriswatery diarrhea (PPH: *íris)
isáone (PAN: *isa₁)
i-sábogto sow by scattering seeds (PMP: *saq(e)buR)
i-sabwágto scatter or broadcast seeds (PPH: *sabuag)
i-ságoto ooze (as blood from the nose or mouth of the dead, brine from a jar of salted preserves) (PWMP: *sagu₂)
i-sakláyto sling s.t. across the shoulders (PPH: *sakeláy)
Bikol (740 / 2913)

i-sakníbto place one thing on top of another (referring only to thin things such as mats, linen, paper) (PPH: *sak(e)níb)
i-saksákto plug something in; to insert something (PPH: *i-seksek) *seksek₁
i-saksákto plug something in; to insert something (PPH: *i-saksák) *saksák
i-sandígto lean something (as a ladder on a wall) (PMP: *sandiR)
i-saŋálto insert something into the mouth or a mouthlike opening; to insert something through any slit or opening (PWMP: *saŋal)
i-sawsáwto dip (as food into a sauce) (PPH: *sawsáw)
i-saʔbítto hang something up (as on a wall); place something on a hook (PPH: *i-saqebít) *saqebit
i-sídokto take something with a spoon (PMP: *si(n)duk)
i-síŋitto insert something (PPH: *i-síŋit) *síŋit
ísipmind, opinion, judgment; think about, mull over (PPh: *ísip)
isípselfish; an egoist or egotist (PPh: *ísip)
ísip-onthink about, mull over, ponder (PPh: *isip-en) *ísip
ísogmove nearer or farther (PMP: *isuR)
i- súboɁto stuff a lot of food into the mouth at one time (PPH: *i-súbuq) *súbuq
i-sumbóŋto tattle or squeal about; to report about (PPH: *sumbuŋ)
i-sunódto place after; to collocate; place in consecutive order, place in a series; to sequence; to rank (PPH: *sunúd)
i-tágayto offer a drink (usually liquor) (PPH: *i-tágay) *tágay
i-takódto fasten or bind with (PPH: *i-takéd) *takéd
i-tanómto plant, to raise plants (PPH: *i-tanem) *CaNem
i-taŋónto insert a wedge, a wad of paper, etc. (so as to keep a window from rattling, a cupboard door from opening, etc.) (PPH: *taŋén)
Bikol (760 / 2913)

i-taŋóʔto nod the head in agreement (PPH: *taŋuq)
i-taʔásabove, over; upstairs (PMP: *i-atas) *aCas
ítikdomesticated sp. of duck (PWMP: *itik₂)
ítilclitoris (PWMP: *itil)
itothat (3p) (PAN: *i-Cu) *-Cu
itómblack (PMP: *qitem)
i-tukdóʔto point something out; to designate, indicate, show; specify (PPh: *tulduq)
i-tulódto push (PPH: *i-tulúd) *tulúd
itʔítnibble a bit of something to decide if it is worth eating (usually applied to animals, but applicable to people as well) (PMP: *qitqit) *qiCqiC
i-ulíʔreturn something, give something back; give change, refund (PPh: *i-uliq) *uliq₁
kapossessive plural of personal names (Yamada and Tsuchida 1983) (PAN: *ka₃)
kayou; si-class second person singular pronoun (PMP: *ka₄)
ka-prefix that creates nouns of accompanied action: ka-úlay ‘the person one is talking to’ (cp. maki-úlay ‘to converse with’) (PPH: *ka-₄)
ka- -anformative for nouns of location; ka-umah-an ‘an expanse of farmland’ (cp. uma ‘farm’) (PAN: *ka- -an₂)
ka- -anformative for abstract nouns; ka-asgad-án ‘saltiness’ (cp. ma-asgád ‘salty, saline’) (PAN: *ka- -an₃)
ka-anóánowhat is the relationship to? (PMP: *ka-nu₂) *-nu₁
ka-apát-anfourths (PWMP: *ka-epat-an) *Sepat
ka-atúbaŋthe person that you are facing (PPh: *atúbaŋ)
kabáfright (PPH: *kabá)
kabáfright (PPH: *kebá)
Bikol (780 / 2913)

kabálan amulet which has the power of making its possessor invulnerable to the bolo and the spear, rendering these weapons dull, or suspending them in air upon attack; generally a circular piece of copper with a hole in the center, or a bit of shell roughly carved into the shape of an aníto (ancestral spirit) noted for particularly admired exploits (Bikol mythology) (PWMP: *kabal₂)
kabánchest, trunk, coffer (PWMP: *kaban₂)
kabána unit of dry measure equal to 25 ganta or 75 liters, commonly used to refer to a sack of rice (LOAN)
ka-bantóg-anfame, grandeur, greatness, majesty (PPH: *bantug)
kabáŋtwo-toned; half and half (color, contents) (PPH: *kabáŋ)
ka-baŋis-áncruelty, wickedness, brutality (PWMP: *ka-beŋis-an) *beŋis₁
ka-basug-ánfullness (PWMP: *ka-besuR-an) *besuR
kabáʔoŋcoffin, casket (LOAN)
kabíg-onto set a boat back on course by turning it with an oar (PPH: *kabíg-en) *kábig
ka-biláŋ-antotal amount (PWMP: *ka-bilaŋ-an) *bilaŋ₁
kabítto attach, fasten, to clamp (PAN: *kabit₁)
kabítmistress (LOAN)
ka-bukíd-anmountainous terrain, range of mountains (PPh: *ka-bukij-an) *bukij
ka-bulán-anmonth of expected delivery or birth of a child (PPh: *ka-bulan-an) *bulaN
ka-bulod-ána hilly area (PPh: *ka-bulud-an) *buled₁
ka-dakl-ána majority, a large part (PPH: *ka-dakel-án) *dakél
kadkad-ánto dig a hole in (PPH: *kadkad)
kadkad-ónto dig a hole with the hand or a stick (PPH: *kadkad)
ka-duwa-ánhalves (PWMP: *ka-duha-an) *duSa
kagáta bite (PMP: *kaRat) *kaRaC
Bikol (800 / 2913)

kagat-ónto bite (PPH: *kaRat-en) *kaRaC
kágawto scratch a part of the body (as to relieve an itch) (PAN: *kaRaw₁)
kag-pitóseventeen (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
ka-guráŋ-anold age (PAN: *Rudaŋ)
ka-guraŋ-nánthe Lord, the Almighty (PAN: *Rudaŋ)
kahélcitrus fruit, similar to a grapefruit: Citrus aurantium (LOAN) Camarines Sur
káhoytree; wood, timber; log; wooden (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
ka-ílog-anthe main channel or deepest part of a river (PAN: *iluR₂)
ka-iníthis, these (PWMP: *ka-i-ni) *-ni
ka-ísip-anthoughts (PPh: *ka-ísip-an) *ísip
ka-kahóy-anforest, woods; grove, thicket, clump of trees (PWMP: *ka-kahiw-an) *kaSiw
ka-kampí sato be biased in favor of; to be partial to; to be onesided in someone’s favor (PPH: *kampi)
ka-kan-andining room (PAN: *ka-kaen-an) *kaen
ka-kán-onfood, victuals (PAN: *ka-kaen-en) *kaen
ka-kan-ónto corrode; to be eaten away (PAN: *ka-kaen-en) *kaen
ka-kapt-ánhandle (PPH: *kapút)
kakáwcocoa bean, cacao: Theobroma cacao (LOAN)
ka-kayá-anability (PWMP: *kaya)
ka-kuláŋ-anlack, shortage, deficit, dearth (LOAN)
ka-lamún-anan area containing a lot of this reed (PMP: *lamun₁)
Bikol (820 / 2913)

kalánclay, wood-burning stove (LOAN)
ka-laŋít-anthe heavens (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
k<al>ápayto row without making a sound (PMP: *kapay)
kalásagshield (PWMP: *kalasag)
kalaság-onto shield a blow, ward off; to shield someone (PWMP: *kalasag)
kaláwagturmeric (plant producing a root from which a yellow coloring is obtained; also used as a seasoning: Curcuma longa) (LOAN)
kalícanal, ditch, trench; gutter (in bowling) (PAN: *kali₁) *kali
ka-ligtas-ánsalvation (PPH: *lig(e)tas)
kalí-kálismall ditch or canal; furrow, groove, rut, channel, drain; tread of a tire (PAN: *kali₁) *kali
ka-lima-anfifths (PWMP: *ka-lima-an) *lima
(k)alin-tatawpupil of the eye (PAN: *CaCaw)
kalítfraud, deceit (PPH: *kalít)
kamagóŋa tree, Philippine mahogany, producing a light red wood streaked with reddish-brown, used in the making of furniture; also producing an edible fruit: Diospyros discolor (PPH: *kamaguŋ)
kamáliga temporary shelter, consisting of a roof and posts, but no walls, built in the fields or along the coast to protect harvested crops, boats, etc. (PMP: *kamaliR)
kamandágvenom (PPH: *kamandag)
kamátistomato (LOAN)
kambáltwins (LOAN)
kamkámto grope, to feel one’s way (PWMP: *kemkem₁)
kamkam-ónto appropriate someone else’s property (PPH: *kamkam-en) *kamkam
kamóthand (PMP: *kamet)
Bikol (840 / 2913)

kamot-ónto handle (PMP: *kamet)
kámpiside, faction, part; referring to a transaction in which the buyer receives one part more than he gives, such as exchanging four parts of rice for five parts of coconut wine (PPH: *kampi)
kamuníŋa tree: Murraya paniculata (PMP: *kamuniŋ)
kámyasweet-scented white lily: Hedychium coronarium (PPH: *kamiá)
ka-nagentive, genitive and oblique case marker for common nouns (Yamada and Tsuchida 1983) (PAN: *ka₃) Camarines Sur
kanápto creep (on) (PMP: *kanap₁)
ka-nátada neighbor (PMP: *natad) *NataD
kandílacandle (LOAN)
kandíŋgoat (PWMP: *kandiŋ)
kanóʔossquid (PWMP: *kanuqus)
kanyáto each his own; every man for himself (PPH: *kaniá)
kanyá-kanyáŋ bayadDutch treat (PPH: *kaniá)
ka-ŋudh-ányoungest child (PPH: *ka-ŋuhed-an) *ŋuhed Naga
ka-paʔit-ánbitterness (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC
kapáʔ-kapáʔ-onto fumble, to muff (PPH: *kapaq-kapaq)
ka-p<in>uʔn-ánbeginning, commencement, initiation (PWMP: *ka-puqun) *puqun
kápistranslucent shell from a species of oyster used in the making of shutter-like windows (PWMP: *kapis)
ka-pitu-ánsevenths (PAN: *ka-pitu-an) *pitu
kapkápgrope for in the dark, feel for in the dark, fumble (PAN: *kapkap)
ka-putólthat which has been cut off (PMP: *putul) *putun
Bikol (860 / 2913)

káratortoise shell (PPH: *kara)
kárahead or face side of a coin (LOAN)
káratortoise shell (LOAN)
káratortoise shell (NOISE)
ka-ragát-anhigh seas, open sea (PPh: *ka-daRát-an) *daRat
kará-kamáliga hut or shed (PMP: *kamaliR)
karátulasign (LOAN)
karáybreastplate made of bone (PPH: *karáy)
karósscrape, grate (PWMP: *kerus₁)
ka-sabáycohort, colleague, companion (PPh: *ka-sabáy) *sabay₁
ka-sakít-andifficulty, complexity; adversity, hardship, pain, persecution, suffering, tribulation (PWMP: *ka-sakit-an) *sakit
ka-saysay-ánaccount, chronicle, narrative; history (PPH: *sáysay)
ka-saʔl-ánsin; fault; guilt, offense (PWMP: *ka-salaq-an) *salaq₁
ka-siŋít-anthe fork in a river or road (PPH: *síŋit)
kaskásfast, rapid, speedy, swift (PPH: *kaskás)
káskásquick, speedy, rapid, fast (ROOT)
kaskas-ánto rush or hurry someone up (PPH: *kaskás-án) *kaskás
kaskas-ónto quicken, to increase the speed of; to speed up the pace of (PPH: *kaskás)
ka-sunódthe person following; the successor, sequel (PPH: *sunúd)
ka-tábaŋaide, assistant, helper; maid, servant (PMP: *tabaŋ)
Bikol (880 / 2913)

katámplane (tool) (LOAN)
katam-ánto plane (LOAN)
katam-ónto plane down a particular spot (LOAN)
ka-tanós-anstraightness (PPH: *tánus)
katáŋlarge black saltwater crab (PPH: *kataŋ)
ka-tápaŋone who speaks uncivilly or impolitely (PPH: *tapaŋ₂) *tapaŋ
kátiunit of weight, equivalent to 600 grams (LOAN)
kátigbamboo outrigger of a boat (PMP: *katiR)
ka-timbáŋthe person opposite or across from you (PWMP: *ka-timbaŋ) *timbaŋ
ka-timbaŋ-ána balance (PWMP: *timbaŋ)
ka-tipón-anassembly, association, congregation, society; community (PPH: *típun)
katókcrazy (PPH: *katúk)
kátrebed (LOAN)
ka-tubu-ána field of sugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
ka-tugón-ana request; wish; commandment (PWMP: *tuRun₂)
ka-tulu-anthirds (PWMP: *ka-telu-an) *telu
ka-tunáy-anconfirmation, validation (PWMP: *tunay₂)
kawáliʔChinese wok (LOAN)
kawáyanbamboo (PAN: *kawayan)
káwaʔcauldron; a large Chinese wok (PWMP: *kawaq)
Bikol (900 / 2913)

kawíŋlink in a chain (PWMP: *kawiŋ)
káwita hook; also describing something shaped like a hook (PAN: *kawit)
kawít-onbe hooked (PWMP: *kawit-en) *kawit
kayábhand fan (PWMP: *kayab)
kaʔíŋbushel basket, made of woven bamboo and having a large mouth with handles located on either side (PPH: *kaqiŋ)
kioblique case marker for singular personal nouns (PMP: *ki₂ₐ) *ki₂
kiláw-onto prepare fish or meat for eating raw by marinating it in vinegar (PPH: *kilaw-en) *kilaw₁
kilíŋtilted; to tilt, bend the head (PMP: *kiliŋ)
kimát-kimátflickering, twinkling (PMP: *kimet)
kimát-kimátflickering, twinkling; shimmering; blinking; twitching (PPH: *kimat)
kimáydescribing someone with a deformed hand or foot (PPH: *kimay)
kimay-ónto have a deformed hand or foot (PPH: *kimay)
kimót-kimótto move the lips (as when reading to someone, or praying (PWMP: *kimut kimut)
k<in>a-baŋgíh-anwhen evening comes (PWMP: *ka-beRŋi-an) *beRŋi
k<in>askas-ánpace, rate, velocity (PPH: *kaskás)
kípotconstricted (PMP: *kiput)
kírayeyebrow (PWMP: *kiray)
kiskísfish scales (PAN: *kiskis)
kitáŋa fishing line strung between two buoys with secondary hooked lines hanging off into the sea (PPH: *kitáŋ)
kit-kilátlightning (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaC
Bikol (920 / 2913)

-koI, by me; ni class first person singular pronoun (nonsubject agent or actor, plus possessor) (PAN: *-ku)
kubála callus (PWMP: *kubal)
kubkóbto place the arms around a seated child while standing at his back in order to warm or protect him (PPH: *kubkub₁)
kubkóbto mate (fowl) (PMP: *kebkeb₁)
kúboŋmosquito net (PPH: *kubuŋ₂)
kubót-kubótwrinkles in the skin (PPH: *kubet-kubet)
kubót-kubótwrinkles in the skin (PPH: *kubut₃) *kubut₂
kudóta pinch with the nails (PWMP: *kezut₂) *kezut
kudot-ónto pinch with the nails (PWMP: *kedut-en) *kezut
kugítaoctopus (PMP: *kuRita) *guRiCa
kugtóŋlarge saltwater fish (PMP: *keRteŋ)
kuhólsmall black, edible freshwater snail found in fields and canals (PWMP: *kuhul)
kukófingernail, toenail (PMP: *kukuh) *kuSkuS₁
kukódthe nails of animals such as the water buffalo or pig (PAN: *kudkud)
kúla ~ kólaglue (LOAN)
kúlaŋlacking, short (as of money, food, time); under (as in ‘undervalued’); deficient, inadequate, insufficient, wanting (LOAN)
kúlaŋ-kúlaŋfeebleminded, retarded; an idiot (LOAN)
kuláŋ-onto lack; to run out of or run short of (LOAN)
kulapnítsmall bat species (LOAN)
kulasísiparakeet, usually translated into English by Bikolanos as ‘love bird’ (PPH: *kulasísi)
Bikol (940 / 2913)

kulítisnative spinach: Amaranthus viridis (PPH: *kulitis)
kúlopeclipse of the sun (PWMP: *kelep)
kumóla ball of rice formed with the hand (PMP: *kemel)
kúnkúnshrink (PMP: *kunkun)
kunóso they say (PWMP: *kenu)
kupíŋdescribing ears that grow unnaturally forward and are somwhat folded; floppy-eared (as a dog) (PWMP: *kupiŋ)
kupkópdescribing hair that is short or plastered down; a crew cut (PPH: *kepkép)
kupkópdescribing hair that is short or plastered down; a crew cut (PPH: *kupkup₄)
kúposdeflated (PWMP: *ke(m)pes)
kupsítto spurt (ROOT)
kurípotstingy; a tightwad (LOAN)
kúrita line (as "a straight line") (PMP: *kur(e)qit)
kúrita line (as ‘as straight line’); streak (PPH: *kurit)
kuróg-kudógthe sound of stamping feet (PPH: *kudúg)
kúronclay cooking pot; the meaning may be extended by some speakers to ‘pottery’ (PAN: *kuden)
kurótcurly, wavy (PMP: *kurut)
kurundótwrinkled (used only of the skin) (PWMP: *kure(n)dut)
kusógbrawn, muscle, strength; vigor; volume (as of a radio) (PAN: *keseR)
kusótsawdust (LOAN)
kútafortifications (LOAN)
Bikol (960 / 2913)

kutá-onto construct fortifications (LOAN)
kutíŋkitten (PWMP: *kutiŋ)
kútiscomplexion (LOAN)
kútkútdig in, dig up (PWMP: *kutkut₁)
kútohair louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
kúto sa tanómaphid (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
kuwawowl (PAN: *kuaw)
kuykóybeetle sp. (PPH: *kuykúy₁)
labáha ~ nabáharazor (LOAN)
labáwprotruding or extending above; exceeding the height of other things nearby (PPH: *labaw₂)
labáwprotruding above, extending above, exceeding in height (Also Manobo (Western Bukidnon) lavew 'highest; great; exceed someone in rank') (ROOT)
lábimore than (PMP: *labi₁)
lábotbusiness, concern, care, attention (PPH: *labut)
ladládto unfold or unfurl (PPH: *ladlád)
lagádiʔsaw (carpentry) (LOAN)
lagák-lagáksound made when swallowing liquids (PWMP: *lagak)
lagák-lagáksound made when swallowing liquids (ROOT)
lagapáksound of a dull smack, a slamming door (Also Cebuano lugápak 'slapping, cracking sound') (ROOT)
lagatíkticking sound (ROOT)
lagáya bribe (LOAN)
Bikol (980 / 2913)

lagóŋbass (sound of the voice), low in pitch (PWMP: *leguŋ)
lagtókpopping sound; the sound of cracking the knuckles (PWMP: *lagetuk)
lahókreferring to that which is added to a pure substance (wax, honey, wine) to make it appear more than it really is (PWMP: *lahuk)
lákadstep, stride; gait, pace (PMP: *lakaj)
lakád-anto pace off a particular area or distance (PPH: *lakáj-an) *lakaj
lakád-onto step over (PPH: *lakaj-en) *lakaj
lakáw-anbum, hobo, tramp, vagabond, vagrant (PMP: *lakaw)
lakáw-onto walk for a certain distance or a certain amount of time (PMP: *lakaw)
lakbáŋbreadth, width (PWMP: *lak(e)baŋ)
lakbáŋbreadth, width (ROOT)
lákoʔgoods or merchandise which are peddled (LOAN)
lalákiboy, lad; man; male (PWMP: *la-laki) *laki₁
lalaŋ-ónto create the world and its creatures (God) (PPH: *laláŋ)
lálo....namore so, even more; in particular; chiefly; especially; mainly; particularly; primarily; even better (PMP: *lalu₁)
láloŋrooster, cock (PMP: *laluŋ)
lamánflesh; the bulb of plants (PPH: *lamán)
lambanógwhisky made from distilled tubáɁ (coconut sap) (PPH: *lambanug)
lambóŋan ankle length tunic or robe (PPH: *lambuŋ)
lámonreed which grows under the water in rivers (PMP: *lamun₁)
lamos-ónto drown someone (PMP: *lemes)
Bikol (1000 / 2913)

lampásoa coconut husk used for scrubbing floors (LOAN)
lampasú-onto scrub with a coconut husk (LOAN)
lampína diaper (PWMP: *lampin)
lanósreferring to coconuts which are old and dry (PPH: *lanés)
lantíkcurving outward, as the mouth of a jug (LOAN)
laŋonly, just; merely, a mere (PPH: *laŋ)
láŋawa fly (PMP: *laŋaw)
laŋáw-onbe covered with flies (PAN: *laŋaw-en) *laŋaw
láŋitsky, heavens (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
laŋít-nonheavenly, celestial (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
laŋkáwtall, lofty, towering (PMP: *laŋkaw)
laŋkáʔjackfruit tree and fruit: Artocarpus heterophylla Linn. (LOAN)
laŋuy-ána place for swimming, swimming pool, swimming hole (PWMP: *laŋuy)
laŋuy-ónto swim for a particular distance or across a particular place (PWMP: *laŋuy)
lápidaany stone tablet bearing an epitaph for the dead; tablet, tombstone, headstone (LOAN)
lápispencil (LOAN)
lásawwatery, thin (liquids) (PPH: *lásaw)
lásoribbon (LOAN)
lasóʔ-lásoʔreferring to the actions of the hands when trying to pick up something hot and not get burned (PAN: *lasuq₁)
látatin (metal); a tin or a can (LOAN)
Bikol (1020 / 2913)

latákcracked, split (PWMP: *letak₁)
latákcracked, split (PPH: *laták)
latáwbuoyant (PWMP: *la(n)taw)
láwaysaliva (PPH: *láway)
láwaʔspider (PMP: *lawaq₂)
lawáʔantree species: Shorea negrosensis (red); Pentacme contorta and P. mindanensis (white) (PPH: *lawaqan)
lawíthe long tail feather of a fowl; quill, plume (PMP: *lawi₁)
lawódthe open sea (PAN: *lahud)
layáb-layába flame (PPH: *layab)
láyagsail (PAN: *layaR)
láyaswild (animals); hobo, vagrant, tramp (PPH: *layas₁)
layláydangling or handing loosely (PPH: *layláy)
laʔgokgulp down, wolf down (PWMP: *leq(e)guk)
láʔindifferent, differing, dissimilar; another; otherwise (PWMP: *laqin)
laʔmáwmud puddle (NEAR) Camarines Sur
laʔónold (rice) (PWMP: *laun)
laʔósantiquated, obsolete, outdated; defunct; a has-been (PPH: *laqús)
láʔyaginger (PMP: *laqia)
letsón ~ litsóna roasted pig; roasted pork; the meat from a young pig which is traditionally placed on a spit and roasted over an open fire for five to six hours (LOAN)
líbogcloudy water, murky water (PMP: *libuR)
Bikol (1040 / 2913)

libtóŋthe deep part of a stream or river (PPH: *lib(e)túŋ)
libtóŋthe deep part of a stream or river (NEAR)
lígastourniquet (LOAN)
ligwánbee sp. (< *qali-Ruan) (PMP: *qani-Ruan)
likódthe back, the rear (PAN: *likud)
likóscircumference (PMP: *likes)
líkoʔcurve, bend (PMP: *likuq)
likud-ánthe back; background (PAN: *likud-an) *likud
lilípa hem (PPH: *lílip)
limáfive (PAN: *lima)
limá-límaonly five (PMP: *lima-lima) *lima
limá-limádivide into five, send five at a time (PMP: *lima-lima) *lima
limas-ánto bail out (as a boat); to drain water from (as a bathtub); to remove the water from a dammed-off area for the purpose of catching fish (PWMP: *limas-an) *limas
limas-ónto bail out water, to drain water (PWMP: *limas-en) *limas
limátokland leech (PWMP: *qali-matek) *-matek
lináb-linábsparkling, shining (PPH: *lináb)
lindoŋ-ánto shade or protect from the wind (PWMP: *linduŋ-an) *liduŋ
línogearthquake (PAN: *linuR)
l<in>ubŋ-ángrave, tomb (PAN: *lebeŋ₁)
l<in>úgawrice porridge, gruel (PPH: *l<in>ugaw) *lúgaw
Bikol (1060 / 2913)

linúg-onto be shaken by an earthquake (as a building) (PAN: *linuR)
liŋaw-ánto forget, dismiss (PWMP: *kaliŋaw)
lislíscurled up, upturned (as a lip); blown up (as a skirt) (PPH: *lislís)
lísopure; alll of one kind; all (LOAN)
listónband (as a hat band); tape, rbbon (LOAN)
lítidveins in the neck; jugular vein (PPH: *lítid)
litsíalychee tree and fruit (LOAN)
líwagstingy, selfish, close-fisted; iniquitous, unjust (PPH: *liwag)
liwánaglight, daylight (LOAN)
liwánaglight, daylight (Also Maranao malioanag 'bright, clear (as the day)') (ROOT)
líʔogneck (PAN: *liqeR)
lólagrandmother; great aunt; a title of respect for old women (LOAN)
lólograndfather; great aunt; a title of respect for old men (LOAN)
lúbaŋa large wooden mortar used for pounding rice; mortar in general used for grinding or pounding (PPH: *lubaŋ₃)
lúbidcord, line, rope, string, twine (PPH: *lúbid)
lublóbto season over an open fire (banana leaves used for wrapping rice; sugarcane; wood to enable to be straightened) (PPH: *lublúb)
lubóscompletely, all (as all members of a set) (PPH: *lubús)
lubótbuttocks (PWMP: *lubet)
lubtíksnap (rubber band, bowstring) (ROOT)
lubuŋ-áncemetery, graveyard (PAN: *lebeŋ₁)
Bikol (1080 / 2913)

lugára place, spot; room, space (LOAN)
lúgawrice porridge, gruel, topped with fried garlic and served with a side dish of tókwa (pressed soybean curd), onion and vinegar (PPH: *lúgaw)
lugáw-onto make into gruel, rice porridge (PPH: *lugaw-en) *lúgaw
lúgilosing, unprofitable (business) (LOAN)
lugtósbreak or snap under pressure (as a string holding a kite or bird, a fishing line with a fish on the hook (< *-tes?) (ROOT)
lúhaʔa tear (PMP: *luheq) *luSeq
lúholuxury (LOAN)
lúkaa wound in which a small amount of flesh is pinched away (PMP: *luka)
lukbánthe pomelo: Citrus grandis (PPH: *luk(e)bán)
luklókhidden away, out of the way, hard to find; secluded, obscure (PPH: *lukluk)
lukóbcentering chisel or hollow punch (LOAN)
lúkotfold up something (PMP: *lukut) *lukut₁
luksóto jump or leap over (generally with one foot before the other, as in fording a stream); to bound; to pounce on (PPH: *luk(e)súh)
luktóngrasshopper (PPH: *luktun)
luktóngrasshopper (PPH: *luk(e)tún)
lulún-onto roll up, as paper, a mat (PWMP: *lulun-en) *luluN
lumáylove potion (PPH: *lumay)
lumay-onto give someone a love potion so that he or she will fall in love with you (PPH: *lumay-en) *lumay
lúmaʔold (things) (PPH: *lúmaq)
lúmotmoss, lichen, algae (PMP: *lumut)
Bikol (1100 / 2913)

lumót-oncovered with moss (of a thing) (PWMP: *lumut-en) *lumut
lúmoysoft, tender, spongy (PPH: *lumúy)
lumpiáʔspring roll, egg roll (crepe with various fillings, including meat, shrimp, and vegetables rolled in a pancake-like wrapper made from rice flour, and either fried or served fresh) (LOAN)
lumpiáʔspring roll, egg roll; crepe with various fillings, including meat, shrimp, and vegetables, rolled in a pancake-like wrapper made from rice flour and either fried or served fresh (LOAN)
lúnacanvas (LOAN)
LúnesMonday (LOAN)
lunlun-ónclean weeds and grasses from the edge of a cultivated field, throwing these weeds and grasses toward the center of the field (PPH: *lunlún-en) *lunlún
lúnokthe solid residue left after boiling down coconut milk (PPH: *lunek₂)
luŋáloŋa temporary hut or shelter in the forest or field (PPH: *luŋáluŋ)
luŋáloŋhut, temporary shelter in the forest (ROOT)
luŋbóytree producing a small, black, edible fruit (PPH: *luŋ(e)búy)
lúŋkasremove a yoke (PMP: *lu(ŋ)kas)
lupaypáytired; withered (PPH: *lupaypáy)
lupíŋfloppy-eared (dogs) (PPH: *lupíŋ)
lupísnarrow strips or fibers of the banana or abaca stalk pulled from wider strips and used for tying (PPH: *lupis₂)
lusíʔprepuce, foreskin (PPH: *lusiq)
lusíʔ-onto pull back the foreskin (PPH: *lusiq-en) *lusiq
luslóscurled up, upturned (as a lip); blown up (as a skirt) (PPH: *lesles₁)
lútoʔdishes, food, cooking (PWMP: *lutuq)
luwágto become loose (PMP: *luqaR)
Bikol (1120 / 2913)

luwásoutside (PMP: *luas₁)
luwas-ánthe outside, exterior; outlet, vent (PMP: *luas₁)
luwáʔto spit something out of the mouth (usually food); to spew (PMP: *luaq)
luylóyflabby, flaccid (PPH: *luylúy)
luyóŋ-lúyoŋsway or swing from side to side (PWMP: *luyuŋ)
luʔníta shiny, round, healed wound (such as that left after the skin has been scalded) (PPH: *luq(e)nit)
luʔóballey, backstreet (PPH: *luqúb)
ma-álonturbulent, rough (PWMP: *ma-qalun) *qalun
ma-alsom na ŋísia sneer (lit. ‘sour smile’) (PMP: *ŋisi)
ma-ambónfoggy, misty, hazy (PWMP: *qembun)
ma-ánoybe eaten by termites (PPh: *ma-anay) *aNay
ma-aŋhíthave the odor of a goat (PAN: *qaŋeSit)
ma-asósmoky (PMP: *ma-qasu) *qasu₃
ma-bagbágto be driven off course, hit by bad weather; to become shipwrecked (PPH: *bagbág)
ma-balósthank you (PAN: *bales₁)
ma-baŋíscruel, mean, wicked, brutal (PMP: *beŋis₁)
ma-basógto get full (PAN: *ma-besuR) *besuR
ma-bigláʔbe caught unawares, taken aback (PPh: *big(e)láq)
ma-bíhagbe taken captive or hostage (PPh: *ma-bihaR) *bihaR
ma-bílaŋbe able to count (PPh: *ma-bilaŋ) *bilaŋ₁
Bikol (1140 / 2913)

ma-buálget uprooted (PPh: *ma-buál) *buál
ma-bugókto rot (eggs) (PMP: *ma-buRuk) *buRuk
ma-buhókhave a lot of hair on the head (PWMP: *ma-buhek) *bukeS
ma-bukbókbe eaten or infested with small brown insects (PPh: *ma-bukbuk) *bukbuk₃
ma-búkidhilly, mountainous (PAN: *bukij)
ma-bukúl-anto get a bump or lump (PWMP: *bu(ŋ)kul)
ma-buláteget or suffer from roundworms (PMP: *bulati)
ma-bulódhilly (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁
ma-bumbon-ánof a river, blocked or obstructed by scrub, wood or bamboo (PMP: *bunbun)
ma-buŋáwget knocked out (PWMP: *buŋaw₁)
ma-búrakflowery, having many flowers (PWMP: *bujak)
ma-busíʔget slit, torn, ripped (PPh: *busiq)
ma-bútabecome blind (PMP: *ma-buta) *buCa
ma-bútodto spoil or rot, of fish (PWMP: *buntuD)
ma-buʔnícontract or suffer from ringworm (PPh: *ma-buqeni) *buqeni
ma-dáhonleafy (PWMP: *ma-dahun) *dahun
ma-daldáltalkative; vocal (PPH: *daldál)
ma-dalíʔhurriedly, quickly, rapidly, in a rush; terse (PPH: *dalíq)
ma-daŋógaudible (PWMP: *ma-deŋeR) *deŋeR
ma-dáyaʔdishonest (LOAN)
Bikol (1160 / 2913)

ma-diklómdark, lacking in light (PPH: *ma-diklém) *dik(e)lém
ma-diklom-ánto be caught by darkness (as at the end of the day) (PPH: *dik(e)lém)
ma-dúgibony (referring only to fish) (PWMP: *ma-duRi) *duRi
ma-dugóʔbloody, gory (PMP: *zuRuq)
ma-dúnoŋastute, bright, clever, gifted, intelligent (PPH: *dunuŋ)
mag-abáŋwait, watch for (PMP: *abaŋ₁)
ma-gabáʔto be leveled, razed (PPH: *ma-Rebaq) *Rebaq
mag-abótto arrive, come, reach (PPH: *qábut)
mag-ágawto snatch (PAN: *qaRaw)
mag-agdáinvite, ask to come (NEAR)
mag-agómto get married; husband and wife, couple (PPH: *agúm)
ma-gakud-ánto be tied to a job, family, etc. (PPH: *Rakéd)
ma-gálaŋconsiderate, courteous, dignified, polite, respectful, reverent (PPH: *ma-gálaŋ) *gálaŋ
mag-alpásto free, set loose (usually birds, small animals) (PWMP: *lepas)
mag-amá-ʔfather and child (PAN: *maR-amax) *amax
mag-ambonto grow foggy, misty, hazy (PWMP: *qembun)
mag-ámoto lead (LOAN)
mag-ániharvest, reap (PAN: *maR-qani) *qaniS
mag-anítomake a sacrifice to or hold a festival for a particular anito (PWMP: *maR-qanitu) *qaNiCu
mag-apátbecome four (PWMP: *maR-epat) *Sepat
Bikol (1180 / 2913)

mag-aráyto cry out in pain (PPH: *aráy)
mag-arnísto fight in this way (LOAN)
mag-ásahope for the success of (LOAN)
mag-asóbecome smoky; to smoke, smolder (PMP: *qasu₃)
mag-asódhelp someone in pounding (rice, iron in a forge) (PPh: *maR-qasúd) *qasúd
mag-ataŋoffer or present a gift; to sacrifice something (PPh: *átaŋ₄) *átaŋ
mag-atíto fall (rivers, seas); to recede, ebb (tide); to boil off (water) (PPh: *maR-qeti) *qeti₁
ma-gatólitchy (PMP: *ma-gatel) *gaCel
mag-atópto roof, to thatch (PWMP: *maR-qatep) *qatep
mag-atótto break or pass wind, to fart (PWMP: *maR-qetut) *qetut
mag-atúbaŋconfront or face; face up to, contend with (PPh: *atúbaŋ)
mag-áyonto include; to implicate, involve (PPH: *áyun)
mag-ayúnoto fast (LOAN)
mag-bahágto wear a loincloth (PMP: *bahaR)
mag-báhawto grow cold (PMP: *bahaw) *baSaw
mag-bákaŋto confuse, disorient (PPH: *bakaŋ₂)
mag-baknísto pull upward, pulling off portions of the abaca plant containing the fibers later to be stripped (PPH: *bak(e)nis)
mag-bantógto make famous; to make known, promote, spread the news about (PPH: *bantug)
mag-banwítgo fishing; fish for something using a hook and line (PPh: *banuít)
mag-baŋkáyto shroud the corpse; to mourn or perform funeral rites for (PWMP: *baŋkay)
Bikol (1200 / 2913)

mag-báŋonhelp someone up (PWMP: *maR-baŋun) *baŋuN
mag-bará-bárato flail the hands or wave the hands about; to swim freestyle (PPH: *bara-bara)
mag-basáʔto wet, dampen (PPh: *maR-baseq) *baseq
mag-batónto pull in (as a fishing line); to pull up (as pants); to yank (PMP: *bantun)
mag-báwasto diminish the amount of something; to lessen, reduce, subtract; to minimize; to ease (as pain) (PPH: *bawas)
mag-báwiʔto take back what you give, or go back on what you say; to exorcise, to drive out evil spirits (PPH: *báwiq)
mag-báyaʔto stop doing something; to abandon, disregard, renounce; to concede (as defeat) (PPH: *bayáq)
mag-bayóto pound rice (PAN: *bayu)
mag-bigláʔstartle, catch someone unawares (PPh: *big(e)láq)
mag-bílaŋinclude in the count, tally (PWMP: *maR-bilaŋ) *bilaŋ₁
mag-biláŋgoʔimprison, incarcerate (LOAN)
mag-bírastrike or hit violently (PWMP: *bida)
mag-biríbidto twist (as wire, rope) (PWMP: *bidibid)
mag-bírikturn something (as a doorknob); cause a change in direction (NOISE)
mag-bitbítcarry in the hand, tote (PWMP: *maR-bitbit) *bitbit
mag-bitíswalk barefoot (PMP: *bities)
mag-bólaplay ball (LOAN)
mag-bómbato bomb; to lambast, usually with reference to political tirades; act sexy, strip (LOAN)
mag-bómbato pump (LOAN)
mag-buálto uproot (PPh: *buál)
Bikol (1220 / 2913)

mag-bubóndig a well (PMP: *bubun₁) *bubun
mag-bubóŋcover the peak of the roof with bubóŋ grass (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
mag-bugá, i-bugáto ejaculate (PMP: *buRah) *buReS
mag-bugsókto turn steep (PPH: *bug(e)suk)
mag-bugtóʔto pull a string until it snaps (PPH: *buR(e)tuq)
mag-buhátto arise, rise, get up, stand up; lift, raise, pick something up (PMP: *buhat₃)
mag-bukálbubble up or flow from the ground (water) (PMP: *bukal₁) *bukal
mag-bukásto open, turn on (as a light) (PMP: *bu(ŋ)kas) *bukas
mag-búkolto swell, rise (of a bump); to buckle, as pavement in hot weather (PMP: *buŋkul)
mag-búkolto swell, rise (of a bump) (PWMP: *bu(ŋ)kul)
mag-búlaŋattack with a cock's spur; take or choose a particular cock to fight (PWMP: *bulaŋ)
mag-buldíŋto blind in one eye (PPh: *bul(e)díŋ)
mag-bulóŋto treat medicinally (PMP: *buluŋ₂)
mag-búlosto flow, to run (water) (PPh: *maR-búlus) *bulus
mag-búnotto draw or pick a card (PPH: *búnut)
mag-bunóʔbutcher, slaughter; kill; stab (PWMP: *maR-bunuq) *buNuq₂
mag-buntótpoke someone in the behind, to goose (PMP: *buntut₁) *buntut
mag-bunyágperform a baptism, baptize; circumcise (PPh: *buniag)
mag-búŋabear fruit (PWMP: *maR-buŋa) *buŋa
mag-buŋáŋaʔform a crater; open out, form an opening (PPh: *buŋáŋaq)
Bikol (1240 / 2913)

mag-buŋáwknock out, render unconscious; to daze, stun (PWMP: *buŋaw₁)
mag-buŋkágto rive, force open; to crack (as a safe) (PMP: *buŋkaR)
mag-buŋkálto turn over the soil, break ground; to dig something out of the ground; to uproot (PWMP: *buŋkal)
mag-búrakto flower (PWMP: *bujak)
mag-burík-butíkmake something spotted (PWMP: *burik)
mag-buríŋto mark with carbon, soot, or mud (PWMP: *budiŋ)
mag-busbósrip open, slash, slit, tear; to incise (PMP: *busbus)
mag-busóg-anstruggle with one another (PAN: *busuR₁)
mag-bútato blind (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa
mag-búta-bútafeign blindness (PWMP: *buta buta₁) *buCa
mag-butásto free, set free, release, set loose, emancipate, liberate; extricate; to wean (PWMP: *butas₁)
mag-butbótto hoot (PWMP: *butbut₁)
mag-butógbecome inflated with air; boast or brag to (PWMP: *buntuR)
mag-buʔáyato steal land (PMP: *buqaya)
mag-dágato stab with a dagger (LOAN)
mag-dágitto swoop down on a catch (birds) (PPH: *daRit)
mag-dágomto prick with a needle (PAN: *zaRum)
mag-dágosto come or go in, enter (PPH: *dagus₂)
mag-dagsáʔto be carried away by the current and washed up on the shore or bank (PPH: *dág(e)saq)
mag-d<ag>uldólto thunder (PPH: *duldúl₂)
Bikol (1260 / 2913)

mag-dáhonto sprout leaves (PWMP: *maR-dahun) *dahun
mag-dákitto ford or cross a stream (PPH: *dákit)
mag-dakólto abound, accumulate, increase in number (PPH: *dakél)
mag-dakópto apprehend, catch, capture; to collar, arrest, take into custody (PAN: *dakep)
mag-dálawto visit (PPH: *dálaw)
mag-daldálto gossip; to talk a lot (PPH: *daldál)
mag-dalíʔto hasten, quicken (as the pace of something) (PPH: *dalíq)
mag-dámato play checkers (LOAN)
mag-dámayto share in one another’s feelings; to understand one another (PWMP: *damay)
mag-damáy-anto offer support to, lend a hand to (PWMP: *damay)
mag-dámot-dámotto save, accumulate, amass (PWMP: *dámut)
mag-daŋdáŋto reheat; place something near the fire to warm, not putting it into the flames (PPH: *maR-daŋdaŋ) *daŋdaŋ
mag-daŋógto listen to (PWMP: *maR-deŋeR) *deŋeR
mag-dápitto escort the dead (priests) (PWMP: *dapit)
mag-dápoʔto perch or land on (PPH: *dapuq)
mag-datóŋto arrive (PMP: *dateŋ)
mag-dáyaʔto cheat, dupe, fool (LOAN)
mag-dáʔanto age (PMP: *daqan₂) *daqaN
mag-dedálto wear a thimble (LOAN)
mag- diklómto grow dark (PPH: *dik(e)lém)
Bikol (1280 / 2913)

mag-dílamto lap up or catch with the tip of the tongue (PPH: *dilam)
mag-dílaʔto lick (PMP: *dilaq₁)
mag-dugóʔto bleed (PMP: *zuRuq)
mag-dúlutto donate, offer, impart (PPH: *dúlut)
mag-dumónto make a nest in (PPH: *dug(e)mún)
mag-duŋándo something simultaneously (PWMP: *maR-deŋan) *deŋan
mag-duŋánto do something simultaneously (PMP: *deŋan)
mag-duwáto double; to divide into two parts (PWMP: *maR-duha) *duSa
mag-duwá dúwato hesitate over, be dubious about; to doubt, question, waver, vacillate (PMP: *duha duha₂) *duSa
mag-dúyanto rock a cradle or hammock (PPH: *dúyan)
mag-duyán dúyanto rock or swing in a hammock (PPH: *dúyan)
mag-gabáʔto destroy, to level, to raze (PWMP: *Rebaq)
mag-gabókto decay, rot (PMP: *Rabuk)
mag-gakódto tie something to (PPH: *Rakéd)
mag-gámitto use; to avail oneself of (PPH: *Rámit)
mag-gámitto use; to avail oneself of; (PPH: *gámit)
mag-gánotto pull up rice seedlings for transplanting (PPH: *gánut)
mag-gáposto manacle; to tie the hands or feet (PMP: *Rapus)
mag-gasgásto scratch (not used to refer to scratching an itch); to mark or mar the surface (PPH: *RasRas)
mag-gáyadto have the hem touch or drag on s.t. (LOAN)
Bikol (1300 / 2913)

mag-gíliŋto grind or mill grains, usually rice (PMP: *giliŋ)
mag-gi-nháwato breathe (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa
mag-gírokto give a ticklish feeling (PPH: *giruk)
mag-gubátto conquer or subdue a particular people (PPH: *gubát)
mag-gulgólto slice by not lifting the knife (PPH: *gelgél)
mag-guntíŋto cut with scissors (LOAN)
mag-guráŋto grow old (PAN: *Rudaŋ)
mag-gutgótto cut something by drawing a knife back and forth like a saw (PPH: *getget₂)
mag-gúyodto drag, to pull (as a sled) (PWMP: *guyud₃)
mag-gúyoŋto shake something (as a house on poles, a tree to bring the fruits down) (PWMP: *guyeŋ)
mag-gúyoŋto shake something (as a house on poles, a tree to bring the fruits down) (PWMP: *guyuŋ)
mag-habáncarry something cradled in cloth high on the back near the shoulders (as one might carry a small child) (PMP: *haban) *SabaN
mag-habólweave cloth (PPh: *maR-habél) *habél
mag-hagkósto tie a belt around (PPH: *hag(e)kes)
mag-halhálto gasp, pant (PPH: *halhál)
mag-háŋadto lift the head to look at someone who is talking (PPH: *háŋad)
mag-haŋótto eat s.t. tough by pulling at it with the teeth (PPH: *haŋet)
mag-hápagto pursue, chase (PPH: *hápaR)
mag-hayópblow something away, blow on (PWMP: *maR-heyup) *Seyup
mag-haʔwásto come out of the water; to fish or pull something out of the water (PPH: *haq(e)was)
Bikol (1320 / 2913)

mag-higdáʔlie down (PPh: *maR-hideRáq) *hideRáq
mag-higótto pull taut or tight; to tighten (PPH: *higút)
mag-híkawto wear earrings (LOAN)
mag-híkotto make a net from (PWMP: *maR-hiket) *Siket
mag-hilato pull or haul while singing (PWMP: *hilah)
mag-hilamónto weed (LOAN)
mag-hílapto slice meat (PPH: *hilap₃) *hilap
mag-hílomto keep a secret (PWMP: *lihem)
mag-hilóm-anto keep a secret from (PWMP: *lihem)
mag-hinógto ripen (PPH: *hinuR)
mag-hubádto undo a knot; to untie, unfasten, disentangle (PPh: *maR-hubád) *hubád
mag-húboʔto move to a new place; to move or transfer something to a new place (PPH: *hubuq)
mag-húgasto wash (as dishes, a car; not applied to the face, hands or clothes) (PPh: *maR-huRas) *SuRas
mag-hugótto remove something with the fingers (as lice from the hair, or grains of rice from the stalk) (PPH: *húRut)
mag-húlogto drop (something) (PPh: *maR-huluR) *SuluR
mag-íhiʔurinate (PMP: *ihiq) *iSiq
mag-íkogput a tail on something (PWMP: *maR-ikuR) *ikuR
ma-gílaŋresplendent (PWMP: *gilaŋ)
mag-ílogto travel via the main channel or deepest part of a river (PAN: *iluR₂)
mag-imónbe jealous of, covet, envy, begrudge (PPh: *qímun)
Bikol (1340 / 2913)

mag-ináʔmother and child (PAN: *maR-ina) *ina
mag-inómto drink (PWMP: *maR-inum) *inum
magin-pampámto become a prostitute (LOAN)
magin-sakáŋto become bow-legged (PMP: *sakaŋ)
mag-iŋatbe careful; look out or be on the lookout; take care in doing something (PWMP: *maR-iŋat) *iŋat
ma-gipítto be cornered, caught in a tight spot, have no place to run to; to be caught short of time or money (PMP: *gipit)
mag-i-ráromto place beneath (PMP: *i dalem) *dalem
mag-i-ráyato go upstream; to carry upstream (PAN: *daya)
mag-íristo have watery diarrhea (PPH: *íris)
ma-girúk-anto feel ticklish (PPH: *giruk)
mag-i-taʔáslift, raise, hoist, elevate (PMP: *i-atas) *aCas
mag-ka-anó-ánobe related to each other in what way? (PWMP: *anu-anu) *-nu₁
mag-kabá-kabáto throb (as the heart); to palpitate (PPH: *kabá)
mag-kabánto place something into a chest (PWMP: *kaban₂)
mag-kábigto set a boat back on course by turning it with an oar (PPH: *kábig)
mag-kábigto rake in with the hand (as chips in the game of roulette) (PWMP: *kabiR)
mag-kabítto support, hold up (as a weak person) (PPH: *kabít₂)
mag-kablítto touch someone on the arm or touch someone’s clothing to get his attention (PPH: *kab(e)lít)
mag-kabógto agitate water with the hand (PPH: *kabuR)
mag-kagátto bite (PMP: *kaRat) *kaRaC
Bikol (1360 / 2913)

mag-kágawto scratch a part of the body (as to relieve an itch) (PWMP: *kaRaw₂)
mag-ka-kánto eat (PAN: *kaen)
mag-ka-kánto eat; to dine on; to devour; to jump (as in checkers) (PPH: *maR-kaen) *kaen
mag-kaldítto make an incision for the purpose of drawing blood (PPH: *kal(e)dít)
mag-kalíto leave tread marks in; to leave furrows or grooves in (PAN: *kali₁) *kali
mag-kalkágto dig up, to exhume (NOISE)
mag-kamkámto appropriate someone else’s property (PWMP: *kamkam)
mag-kaŋkáŋto walk with the legs spread apart; to walk with the arms out, as if something is tucked under the armpits (PWMP: *kaŋkaŋ₁)
mag-kapáʔ-kápaʔto flounder; to move clumsily and without proper balance (PPH: *kapaq-kapaq)
mag-kapótto hold in the hand (PMP: *kaput₁) *kaput
mag-kápotto be stuck together; to be tightly wound around one another (PPH: *kapét)
mag-kapótto hold in the hand (PPH: *kapút)
mag-káristo shave hair with a razor or knife; to shave the head or face (PMP: *karis₁) *karis
mag-károsto grate or scrape (PAN: *karus)
magka-sabáyto end up together; to coincide (PWMP: *sa(m)bay) *sabay₁
mag-ka-sálaʔto sin (PMP: *salaq₁)
mag-katáŋ-kátaŋto bob on the surface of the water (PPH: *kataŋ-kataŋ)
mag-kawíŋto chain (PWMP: *kawiŋ)
mag-káwitto hook (PWMP: *maR-kawit) *kawit
mag-káyato withstand, endure; to take or stand (as pain or hard work); to afford to do something (PWMP: *kaya)
Bikol (1380 / 2913)

mag-kayábto fan (PWMP: *kayab)
mag-kaykáyto scratch the ground with the hand, foot or paw; (fig.) to scavenge (PPH: *kaykáy)
mag-kikíkto squeak (mice, rats) (PMP: *kikik)
mag-kílawto prepare fish or meat for eating raw by marinating it in vinegar (PPH: *kilaw₁)
mag-kilítto carry something (usually a child) astride the hips, with one arm giving support at the back (PPH: *kilít)
mag-kimát-kimátto flicker, twinkle; shimmer; to twitch or blink (the eye) (PPH: *kimat)
mag-kimkímto pick at one’s food, show little interest in eating; to eat with just the tips of the fingers; to eat slowly and fastidiously (PPH: *kimkím)
mag-kípotto sew two ends together over a hole (PMP: *kiput)
mag-kiskísto scale a fish (PAN: *kiskis)
mag-kit-kilátto have lightning; to strike (lightning) (PWMP: *maR-kilat) *likaC
mag-kubkóbto place the arms around a seated child while standing at his back in order to warm or protect him (PMP: *kebkeb₁)
mag-kúboŋto use a mosquito net (PPH: *kubuŋ₂)
mag-kubót-kubótto wrinkle (the skin) (PPH: *kubet-kubet)
mag-kuhólto collect such snails (PWMP: *kuhul)
mag-kúlitto eat sugarcane, pulling off the skin with the teeth (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC
mag-kúlitto eat sugarcane, pulling off the skin with the teeth (PPH: *kúlit)
mag-kulkólto cuddle or cradle, to have one sit on one’s lap (PPH: *kelkel₁)
mag-kulkólto cuddle or cradle; to have someone sit on one’s lap (PWMP: *kulkul)
mag-kúlopto go into eclipse (of the sun) (PWMP: *kelep)
mag-kumkómto fold the arms across the chest (PWMP: *kumkum)
Bikol (1400 / 2913)

mag-kumólto form a ball of rice with the hand (PMP: *kemel)
mag-kuŋkóŋto walk hunched over (PMP: *kuŋkuŋ₂)
mag-kupáyto swim by paddling with the hands (PWMP: *kepay kepay)
mag-kupáy-kupáyto motion with the hands; to beckon (PWMP: *kepay kepay)
mag-kupkópto remain short (of the hair) (PPH: *kupkup₄)
mag-kurábto flame; to burst into flame (LOAN)
mag-kurákotto ask for favors, bribes, etc. (LOAN)
mag-kúrit-andraw a line on (PMP: *kur(e)qit)
mag-kuroŋto pen up; to place in a cage or coop (PWMP: *kuruŋ)
mag-kurótto curl or wave (PMP: *kurut)
mag-kuwawto hoot (PAN: *kuaw)
mag-kúyogto obey, to comply with (PPH: *kúyug)
mag-labáto wash clothes, to launder (LOAN)
mag-labáwto be higher than; to protrude or extend above (PPH: *labaw₂)
mag-labógto catch fish in the mud, fields, streams, using only the hands (PWMP: *lebuR)
mag-labókto crush or pound with a pestle (PWMP: *lebuk)
mag-labókto crush or pound with a pestle; crush toasted rice (PWMP: *la(m)buk)
mag-labókto crush or pound with a pestle (PPh: *lebék)
mag-lagáyto bribe (LOAN)
mag-lákadto step over; to pace off a particular area or distance (PPH: *maR-lákaj) *lakaj
Bikol (1420 / 2913)

mag-lakáwto walk, to stride (PMP: *lakaw)
mag-lakáw-lakáwto go for a stroll or walk (PMP: *lakaw lakaw) *lakaw
mag-lákoʔto peddle goods (LOAN)
mag-laktáwto step over; to leave out, omit, overlook, skip over (PPH: *lak(e)táw)
mag-lamánto be fleshy, to have lots of meat (PPH: *lamán)
mag-lámayto sit vigil for (PPH: *lámay)
mag-lambóŋto wear such a garment (PPH: *lambuŋ)
mag-lámonto eat (PPH: *lamun₂)
mag-lampásto pass by; to go beyond; to exceed, surpass, transcend (PPH: *lampás)
mag-lampásoto scrub with a coconut husk (LOAN)
mag-lampínto diaper, to change the diapers of (PWMP: *lampin)
mag-laŋóyto swim (PWMP: *laŋuy)
mag-lapáwto look too far beyond for something that is being pointed out; to look too far beyond or go too far beyond (PPH: *lepaw₃) *lepaw₂
mag-lapáwto look too far beyond for something that is being pointed out; to go too far beyond (PWMP: *la(m)paw)
mag-lápaʔto quarter animals; to cut meat into pieces (PAN: *lapaq)
mag-lapdosto whip, to lash (PPH: *lap(e)des)
mag-lápisto write something in pencil (LOAN)
mag-laplápto slice or cut meat away from the bone; to shave the bark off wood or bamboo (PPH: *lapláp)
mag-lásawto become watery (PPH: *lásaw)
mag-laslásto slit, rip; to tear away (PWMP: *laslas)
Bikol (1440 / 2913)

mag-latákto crack or split (as dry wood) (PWMP: *letak₁)
mag-latákto crack or split (as dry wood) (PPH: *laták)
mag-látayto lay leaves or sticks across an area of mud or mire to facilitate crossing (PPH: *latay)
mag-láwayto drool (PPH: *láway)
mag-layáb-layábto dance (flames) (PPH: *layab)
mag-láyasto run away from; to desert (PPH: *layas₁)
mag-layónto work on something from dawn to dusk (PPH: *layun)
mag-libákto talk about people in their absence, usually in a derogatory manner; to backbite, to criticize (PPH: *libák)
mag-líbogto become blurred, indistinct (PPH: *liq(e)beR)
mag-líbotwalk around, rove (PWMP: *libut)
mag-lígidto roll (PWMP: *ligid)
mag-líkawto make a turn, detour, deviate; to meander; to avoid, to take the long way around (PAN: *likaw)
mag-liklíkto avoid, bypass, go around, detour around (PPH: *liklík)
mag-likósto measure the circumference of something (PMP: *likes)
mag-líkoʔto turn around a bend; to veer; to swerve (PMP: *likuq)
mag-lilípto hem (PPH: *lílip)
mag-limáto become five (PWMP: *maR-lima) *lima
mag-limásto bail out water, to drain water (PMP: *limas)
mag-limódto eat on the sly, to eat so as not to seen (PPH: *liméd)
mag-lindóŋto grow more shady (PAN: *liduŋ)
Bikol (1460 / 2913)

mag-línogto quake, tremor (the earth) (PAN: *linuR)
mag-liŋág-liŋágto turn the head looking from one place to another; to look for something in this way (PWMP: *liŋaR)
mag-liŋáwto forget, to dismiss (PWMP: *kaliŋaw)
mag-liŋáwto forget, to dismiss (PWMP: *liŋáw)
mag- lítidto pop out or become prominent (veins, as when under the strain of singing or lifting something heavy); usually expressed in the plural as mag-li-lítid (PPH: *lítid)
mag-litíkto crack (as a glass when filled with boiling water); to hit someone with the tip of the finger snapped from the end of the thumb, to give someone a fillip (PMP: *li(n)tik)
mag-liwánagto become light (LOAN)
mag-líʔogto take by the neck (PAN: *liqeR)
mag-lubáŋto sow root crops by planting the shoots (PPH: *lubaŋ₂)
mag-lubóŋbury a corpse; inter, entomb (PAN: *lebeŋ₁)
mag-ludlódto grow worse; to become more grave (of an illness); to deteriorate (of a condition) (PPH: *ludlud₂)
mag-lugmókto fall in a heap; to fall when the knees give way (PPH: *lug(e)múk)
mag-lúgosto rape (PPH: *luges)
mag-lúhaʔto tear (of the eyes), to cry (PMP: *maR-luheq) *luSeq
mag-luhódto kneel (PPH: *luhúd)
mag-lukóbto remove something with such a chisel (LOAN)
mag-lulónto roll up (as paper, a mat) (PMP: *lulun) *luluN
mag-lúmaʔto age, become old (PPH: *lúmaq)
mag-lumpátto jump (fish in water) (PWMP: *lumpat)
mag-lumpat-ánto jump from (something) (PWMP: *lumpat)
Bikol (1480 / 2913)

mag-lumpat-ónto jump for (something) (PWMP: *lumpat)
mag-lunlónto clean weeds and grasses from the edge of a cultivated field, throwing these weeds and grasses toward the center of the field (PPH: *lunlún)
mag-lúnodto sink something; to scuttle, capsize, submerge, overturn (PPH: *lúnud)
mag-luŋáloŋto take shelter in such a structure (PPH: *luŋáluŋ)
mag-lusíʔto pull back the foreskin (PPH: *lusiq)
mag-luslósto curl or turn up (PPH: *lesles₁)
mag-lusótsneak in by way of; make one’s way through without being caught or detected; to get away via (PPH: *lusút)
mag-lútabto spit something out; to spit on or at (PPH: *lútab)
mag-lútoto mourn for someone by wearing black (LOAN)
mag-lútoʔto cook (PWMP: *lutuq)
mag-luwásto exit, to go out or come out; to take out, to put out (PMP: *luas₁)
mag-mánato inherit (PWMP: *mana₁)
mag-mánato inherit (PWMP: *maña)
mag-másoto pound with a sledge hammer (LOAN)
mag-matáto wake up; to awaken, arouse (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mag-mukmókto grind or chop finely (PWMP: *mukmuk)
mag-mulmólto suck the fingers (PAN: *mulmul)
mag-námitto taste, savor (PPH: *mag-námit) *ñamit
mag-nánaʔto become pussy (a wound) (PWMP: *maR-nanaq) *naNaq
mag-nátadto be neighbors (PMP: *natad) *NataD
Bikol (1500 / 2913)

mag-níwaŋbecome thin, lose weight (PMP: *niwaŋ) *Niwaŋ
mag-ŋáŋato open the mouth, to gape (PMP: *ŋaŋa₂)
mag-ŋísito smile at, to laugh or chuckle at (PMP: *ŋisi)
mag-ŋusŋósto whine (a dog) (PAN: *ŋusŋus)
mag-ŋúsoʔto reproach, admonish (PAN: *ŋusuq)
mag-ŋutŋótto chew or gnaw on tough or fibrous things (as a water buffalo chewing on its tethering rope) (PMP: *ŋutŋut₄)
mag-ŋuyáʔto chew, masticate (PWMP: *ŋuyaq)
mag-pádisto pair off; to go in pairs (LOAN)
mag-pádis-pádisto pair many things together (LOAN)
mag-padpádto drag anchor (a boat driven by the wind) (PPH: *padpád)
mag-pa-duwáto divide into two, to halve; to send two at a time (PMP: *duha) *duSa
mag-pagpágto shake something out (as a rug); to shake something out against; to beat something to remove the dust (PWMP: *pegpeg₁)
mag-pa-hidámto lend (PWMP: *maR-hinzam) *hinzam
mag-pakpákto place wings on (PAN: *pakpak₁)
mag-pa-kupkópto have the hair cut short (PPH: *kupkup₄)
mag-pakyáwto buy wholesale (LOAN)
mag-pa-lásawto thin liquids (PPH: *lásaw)
mag-palóŋto cut a cock’s comb; to cut or notch the ear of a person or animal (PPH: *páluŋ)
mag-palpálto drive in (as a post into the ground) (PPH: *palpál₂)
mag-pandóŋto shelter the head with a hood, canopy or parasol (PPH: *panduŋ)
Bikol (1520 / 2913)

mag-pandóŋto shelter the head with a hood (NOISE)
mag-pa-níwaŋgo on a diet, deliberately try to lose weight (PMP: *niwaŋ) *Niwaŋ
mag-pantáyto level off (something) (PWMP: *pantay)
mag-pa-rígosto bathe someone (PAN: *diRus)
mag-pásaŋto fit the head of an axe on the handle by splitting an end of the handle so that it may be wedged tight in the head (PWMP: *pasaŋ₂)
mag-pásokput something together with such pegs (PAN: *pacek)
mag-pásokput something together with such pegs (PAN: *pasek)
mag-pásoʔto deliberately burn, scorch or scald; to cauterize (PPH: *pásuq)
mag-paspásto be quick, to accelerate (PPH: *paspás₄)
mag-patísto season with fish sauce (LOAN)
mag-pa-títiʔto pour drop by drop (PWMP: *tiqtiq)
mag-patódto deliberately snap something (PWMP: *pated)
mag-paypáyto beckon to, motion to someone to come (PPH: *paypáy)
mag-paʔítto become bitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC
mag-páʔonto bait or set a trap; to place bait on a hook; to decoy or lure (PAN: *paen)
mag-pílato line up; to stand in line (LOAN)
mag-píliʔto choose, pick, select, single out; to elect (PWMP: *maR-piliq) *piliq
mag-pínsanto be cousins (PPH: *pinsan)
mag-pintóʔto close (a door, umbrella, a shop for the night) (LOAN)
mag-piŋkíʔto brush against someone with the side of the arm (PPH: *piŋkíq)
Bikol (1540 / 2913)

mag-pírakto alloy silver with other metals (LOAN)
mag-pisónto steamroll something (LOAN)
mag-pitóto become seven (PWMP: *maR-pitu) *pitu
mag-pítoto blow a whistle (LOAN)
mag-pitpítto whip lightly, to spank someone; to spank the behind or whip a particular part of the body (PAN: *pitpit₃)
mag-piʔpíʔto wash clothes (PPH: *piqpiq)
mag-pósasto handcuff, manacle, shackle (LOAN)
mag-pudpódto become worn down or worn out (PPH: *pudpud)
mag-puhágto cut the honeycomb from the beehive (PWMP: *puhaR)
mag-púkawto wake someone up; to get someone up; to rouse (PWMP: *pukaw₃)
mag-púkolto strike with a stick (PWMP: *pukul₁)
mag-púkotto catch fish with such a net (PMP: *puket₁)
mag-pukpókto beat, hit, or strike someone or something with a stick or club; to batter; to paddle (PAN: *pukpuk)
mag-púliŋto throw dirt in someone’s eye (PWMP: *puliŋ₂)
mag-pulótto become sticky (PMP: *pulut)
mag-pulpólto place a plaster on a cut or wound (PWMP: *pulpul₂)
mag-púnasto take a sponge bath (PMP: *punas)
mag-punéteto box, to hit or strike someone (LOAN)
mag-punyálto stab with a dagger (LOAN)
mag- puŋpóŋto braid together in a string; to tie into small bundles (as rice stalks) (PWMP: *puŋpuŋ₂)
Bikol (1560 / 2913)

mag-puspósto beat down; to hit or strike (PWMP: *puspus₂)
mag-putólto cut; to amputate, dismember, sever; to cut something from (PMP: *putul) *putun
mag-putpótto make the sound of beep-beep, honk-honk or toot-toot (PMP: *putput₂)
mag-puwásto break (a fever); to pass (a feeling of intoxication (PWMP: *puas)
mag-puʔónto begin or start, set off (PMP: *puqun)
mag-rabnótto grab someone by the hair or beard; to grab onto something and pull (PPH: *rab(e)nút)
mag-ragrágto fall (of crumbs, dirt, etc.) (PPH: *regrég)
mag-rámasto combine or mix (PPH: *rámas)
mag-ramás-anto churn; to mix with (PPH: *rámas)
mag-rárato weave mats, baskets, etc. from palm leaves (PWMP: *laja)
mag-ráromto grow deeper (PMP: *dalem)
mag-ráromto grow deeper (PAN: *ma-dalem) *dalem
mag-rayóʔto take further away; to move something to a more distant location (PPH: *adayúq)
mag-raʔbótto pluck feathers (PWMP: *raq(e)but)
mag-rukmíʔto bash; to dent or flatten (NEAR)
mag-ruŋkábto force open; to pry apart (PWMP: *ruŋkab)
mag-sabátto meet someone (as at the station when he first arrives); to welcome (PWMP: *sabat)
mag-sabáyto speak at the same time as someone else (PWMP: *sa(m)bay) *sabay₁
mag-sábogto sow by scattering seeds; to splash water on (PMP: *sabuR)
mag-sáboŋto push one’s fighting cock toward another to entice them to fight (PWMP: *sabuŋ₁)
Bikol (1580 / 2913)

mag-sabsábto graze (PAN: *sabsab)
mag-sabsab-ánto graze on (as a particular section of land) (PAN: *sabsab)
mag-sabsab-ónto graze on (as a particular type of grass) (PAN: *sabsab)
mag-sabunótto pull s.o. by the hair or beard (PPH: *sabunut)
mag-sadsádto perform dance steps (PPH: *sadsad)
mag-ságapto gather information or facts by listening; to induce (PPH: *saRap)
mag-ságoto exude a liquid (PWMP: *sagu₂)
mag-sagópto dam up a river (PPH: *sáRep)
mag-sagót-sagótto answer back, to be sassy (PPH: *sagút)
mag-sahógto add fish or meat to vegetables as a seasoning (PPH: *sahuR)
mag-sákato wound with a cockspur (PPH: *sáka)
mag-sakáyride in a boat (PMP: *sakay₁)
mag-sakdóto fetch water (as from a river, stream) (PPH: *sakedú)
mag-sákitto become difficult (PWMP: *maR-sakit) *sakit
mag-sakmálto grab as big a handful as possible; to clasp the arms around someone roughly and tightly; to clinch, to hold in a bear hug (PPH: *sak(e)mál)
mag-sakníbto insert something beneath; to insert something into a pile (of mats, paper, etc.) (PPH: *sak(e)níb)
mag-sakóbto place a layer of iron over steel in the working of a knife or bolo; to cover with a layer of iron (PPH: *sakúb)
mag-saksákto stab; to plug something in; to insert something (PWMP: *maR-seksek) *seksek₁
mag-saksákto plug something in; to insert something (PPH: *saksák)
mag-saksákto plug something in; to insert something (PAN: *seksek₁)
Bikol (1600 / 2913)

mag-sálaʔto admonish, censure, reprimand, reprove, rebuke (PWMP: *maR-salaq) *salaq₁
mag-saldáŋto shine (of the sun) (PPH: *sel(e)daŋ)
mag-salógto construct a floor for a house (PMP: *saleR)
mag-salómto bet one another who can hold his breath longest under water (PAN: *selem₁)
mag-sáloŋto fasten or seal with resin (PAN: *saleŋ)
mag-salsálto thin or flatten out metal by pressing or beating; (vulgar) to masturbate (PPH: *salsál)
mag-samáto be partners in a money-making enterprise; to hold shares in the same business or commercial venture (PWMP: *sama)
mag-sámpokto bump or bang into (PWMP: *sempuk)
mag-samsámto accumulate wealth by somewhat ruthless means; to grab money or land; to commandeer; to seize or confiscate; to pillage or plunder during a time of war (archaic) (PPH: *samsám)
mag-sandígto lean on something (PMP: *sandiR)
mag-saŋáto put forth a branch, etc. (PMP: *saŋa₁)
mag-saɁŋátto climb on top of something; to place something on top (PPH: *saŋ(e)qát)
mag-saŋáwto exude a vapor, air, etc.; to give off (as fumes) (PWMP: *seŋ(e)qaw)
mag-saŋgáɁto bar, barricade, block; to detain or stand in the way of; to obstruct (PWMP: *saŋgaq)
mag-saŋgólto cut the hair short when in mourning (PWMP: *saŋgul)
mag-saŋkápto add an ingredient or component; to equip (PPH: *saŋkap)
mag-saŋlágto fry grains such as rice or corn; to fry peanuts (PMP: *saŋelaR)
mag-saŋsáŋstuff something into the mouth with force; to gag, place a gag in the mouth (PAN: *seŋseŋ)
mag-saŋsáŋ-anto criticize someone in print, on the radio, etc. (PPH: *saŋsáŋ)
mag-saɁópto apprentice oneself to (PWMP: *saqup)
Bikol (1620 / 2913)

mag-sapáɁto munch on, to chew (PWMP: *sapaq₃)
mag-sapíɁto break or snap off branches or twigs (PAN: *sepiq)
mag-sapínto line (as shelves, boxes); to pad, insulate (PPH: *sapín)
mag-sapóto sweep back in place with the hand (as fallen bits of rice); to push back the hair from the forehead with the hand (PMP: *sapu)
mag-sapyáwto catch fish with this type of net (LOAN)
mag-sárabto burn hay or straw (PWMP: *sadab)
mag-sárabto burn hay or straw (PPH: *sajab)
mag-saráwcurse, put a curse on (PWMP: *saraw)
mag-sárokto dip for water (PWMP: *sanduk)
mag-sároŋto sheath (PWMP: *saruŋ)
mag-sawáto seize (of a python) (PMP: *sawa)
mag-sáwaɁto eat too much; to overeat; to be fed up; to be bored; to be sick and tired of doing something (PWMP: *saweqaq)
mag-sawsáwto dip (as food into a sauce) (PPH: *sawsáw)
mag-saysáyto narrate or chronicle; to tell a story; to tell of an experience; to give an account of (PPH: *sáysay)
mag-saysay-ánto tell a story to (PPH: *sáysay)
mag-saʔgídto sideswipe or brush against (PPH: *saq(e)gid)
mag-síbaɁto catch or carry something off in the jaws (as a crocodile); to eat (of animals); to eat like a pig (humans) (PPH: *sibáq)
mag-sibótto be busy or occupied (NEAR)
mag-sigpítpick something up with tongs (PPH: *sig(e)pít)
mag-sigpítto pick something up with tongs (PPH: *siR(e)pít)
Bikol (1640 / 2913)

mag-síkadto kick (as when swimming) (PPH: *maR-síkad) *síkad
mag-síkoto elbow; to poke with the elbow (PAN: *sikux)
mag-sikoʔánto wrap thread around the shuttle (PWMP: *sikuqan)
mag-sílaɁto sit with the legs crossed at the thighs; to cross the legs in this way (LOAN)
mag-sílawto brighten; to become brighter; to flash; to reflect light (PMP: *silaw)
mag-sílaʔto sit with the legs crossed at the thighs (LOAN)
mag-silók-sigókto sob (PPH: *sigúk)
mag-silók-sigókto sob (PWMP: *sigek)
mag-sílotto punish someone (as for a sin); to extract retribution from someone (as after a confession); to make someone bear the consequences of his actions; to penalize someone (as after losing a game) (LOAN)
mag-símbato go to church (LOAN)
mag-sintíkto knock two things together so that a clicking sound is made (such as knocking two bottles, stones) (PPH: *sintík)
mag-sinʔókto hiccup (PPH: *sin(e)qek)
mag-siŋálto place a wedge under; to insert a wedge; to insert something through a narrow slit (PPH: *siŋal)
mag-siŋhot ~ mag-siŋotto sniff in mucus; to sniffle (PWMP: *siŋ(e)hut)
mag-síŋitto grow in such a way (a tree) (PPH: *síŋit)
mag-siŋít-anto insert something into (PPH: *síŋit)
mag-sipákto slice something off from (PWMP: *sipak)
mag-sipíɁto break or snap off branches or twigs (PPH: *sipíq)
mag-sipítto pick something up with tongs, chopsticks, etc.; to clip, to fasten with a clothes pin (PAN: *sipit)
mag-siráɁto eat something with rice; to use for the main course (PPH: *siraq₂)
Bikol (1660 / 2913)

mag-síraŋto shine (the stars, sun, a candle); to rise (of the sun) (PWMP: *siraŋ)
mag-siróbto sear or singe (PPH: *sirub)
mag-sitsítto call someone’s attention by hissing (PMP: *sitsit) *sitsit₁
mag-síwaɁto crack wide open; to open (as a crack in the earth); to part (as the seas) (PAN: *siwaq)
mag-siyápto chirp (PWMP: *ciap)
mag-siʔrípto peek or peep at (PPH: *siq(e)rip)
mag-súbaŋto rise (of sun, moon, stars); to go upstream (fish) (PPH: *sebaŋ)
mag-sublíʔto borrow something (PPH: *sub(e)líq)
mag-sublíʔto borrow something (PPH: *sub(e)liq)
mag-súboɁto stuff a lot of food into the mouth at one time (PPH: *súbuq)
mag-subsóbto fall forward (PPH: *sebseb)
mag-subsóbto fall forward (PWMP: *subsub)
mag-sudsódto sharpen to a point or a fine edge (PPH: *sudsud₂)
mag-sudsodto contradict or disagree with someone (PPH: *sudsud₃)
mag-suháɁto squeeze the juice of citrus fruits on something (PPH: *suháq)
mag-súkato vomit, throw up (PPH: *suka₂)
mag-sukáyto part the hair, usually by using the fingers; to search for something on the scalp by parting the hair in this way (PPH: *sukáy)
mag-sukbítto wear a gun, bolo; strap on a holster, scabbard, knife sheath (LOAN)
mag-suklíʔto give as change (LOAN)
mag-súkolto measure; to calculate, estimate, gauge (size, length); to survey (PMP: *sukul₃)
Bikol (1680 / 2913)

mag-súkoʔto surrender, capitulate (PPH: *suku₂) *sukuq
mag-suksókto insert something into a narrow slit or opening; to shuffle cards (PAN: *suksuk)
mag-sulítto return or put something back in its proper place (PPH: *sulit₂)
mag-sulómto be dark, obscure (as a house without lights) (PWMP: *selem₂)
mag-suɁlótto wear, don, put on (as a hat) (PPH: *suq(e)lút)
mag-sulsólto be remorseful (PWMP: *selsel₂)
mag-sumbóŋto tattle or squeal about; to report about (LOAN)
mag-sumpáʔto pledge, promise, swear, vow; to blaspheme (PWMP: *sumpaq)
mag-sumpítto spray (as a bug with insecticide) (PMP: *sumpit)
mag-sunódto follow, ensue (PPH: *sunúd)
mag-súnogto cure betel nut by smoking (PMP: *sunuR)
mag-sunúd-sunódto take turns in doing something (PPH: *sunúd-sunúd) *sunúd
mag-suŋáwto exude a vapor, air, etc.; to give off (as fumes) (PPH: *suŋáw)
mag-súŋayto grow a horn (PPH: *súŋay)
mag-suŋkálto dig something up with the snout (PWMP: *suŋkal)
mag-suŋsóŋgo against the current or into the wind; steer something into the wind or against the current (PWMP: *suŋsuŋ₁)
mag-suŋsóŋto clog or stop something up (PWMP: *suŋsuŋ₂)
mag-supótto place something in a bag or pouch (PPH: *súput)
mag-súsoto suck milk from the breast (PAN: *susu₁)
mag-súʔagto gore (PPH: *suqag)
Bikol (1700 / 2913)

mag-tábankidnap or abduct a woman; carry a woman off (PWMP: *maR-taban) *tabaN
mag-tábanto kidnap or abduct a woman; to carry a woman off (of a man) (PMP: *taban) *tabaN
mag-tábaŋto help one another; to work together; to collaborate, cooperate (PMP: *tabaŋ)
mag-tabáŋ-anto aid, assist, help; to relieve; to chip in (PMP: *tabaŋ)
mag-tabásto go out of season (PWMP: *tebas₁)
mag-tabtábto cut bamboo or rattan, to cut the fins of fish, the wings of fowl (PWMP: *tabtab₁)
mag-tabtábto cut bamboo or rattan; to cut the finds of fish, the wings of fowl (PAN: *tebteb)
mag-tadákto prick, stick; stick something into (PPH: *tedák)
mag-tadtádto chop, mince (PWMP: *tadtad)
mag-tágalto last, endure; to hold out, persist, resist (PWMP: *tagal)
mag-tagaltáwto place a buoy or float on a particular body of water (PPH: *tagal(e)táw)
mag-tágayto offer a drink (usually liquor); to offer to pour a drink for someone (PPH: *tágay)
mag-tagboʔ-ánto have a meeting or a date; to rendezvous (PPH: *tag(e)búq)
mag-tagiktíkto tick (PPH: *tagiktik)
mag-tagit(h)íto drizzle, shower, sprinkle (PPH: *taRihtih)
mag-tagóbto overload, overfill (PMP: *teReb)
mag-tágomto tint or dye with indigo (PMP: *taRum)
mag-tagpásto cut something down with one stroke (PPH: *tag(e)pás)
mag-tagtágto share something out; to divide an inheritance among (PPH: *tagtág)
mag-táhanto endure, withstand; to outlast (LOAN)
Bikol (1720 / 2913)

mag-tahíʔto sew, tailor; to mend (i-, magpa-, ipa-, ka- -an) (PMP: *tahiq) *CaqiS
mag-tahólto bark, bay, howl, whine (dogs) (PPH: *tahúl)
mag-tahóp-anto winnow by throwing grain up and down in a winnowing basket so that the grain falls back into the basket and the wind blows the chaff away (mag-, -on) (PMP: *tahep) *tapeS
mag-tákato not have the nerve to speak to someone or to appear before them (PPH: *taka)
mag-takíto insult someone by belittling his accomplishments (NOISE)
mag-takípto be together but not mixed; to place one thing together with another (PPH: *taq(e)kip)
mag-takláʔto make a clicking sound with the tongue (PPH: *tak(e)laq)
mag-takódto fasten, bind (PPH: *takéd)
mag-takómto cap, close tightly; to seal (PPH: *takem) Miraya dialects
mag-takópto cover with a lid (PAN: *tekep)
mag-taktákto tap, rap; to dislodge something by tapping or rapping (PAN: *taktak₁)
mag-talsíkto get knocked away or deflected (PPH: *tal(e)sík)
mag-talúboʔto grow, mature; to thrive, prosper (PPH: *talúbuq)
mag-támaʔto win; to hit it right; to hit the bull’s eye; usually (PMP: *tamaq₁)
mag-tambálto treat someone with an antidote (PMP: *tambar)
mag-tambálto treat someone with an antidote (PPH: *tambal₂)
mag-tambódto wrap (place something around); to band, bandage; to attach the spur to the foot of a fighting cock (PWMP: *tambej)
mag-tambónto cover with soil (PMP: *tabun₂)
mag-tambóŋto place fish corrals in a particular body of water (PWMP: *tambeŋ)
mag-tampóʔto feel remorse over, to be hurt or brokenhearted due to something (PPH: *tampuq)
Bikol (1740 / 2913)

mag-tandókto bleed with such a cupping glass (LOAN)
mag-tanógto sound, emit a sound; to strike (as a clock striking the hour) (PWMP: *teneR)
mag-tanógto sound; to emit a sound; to strike (as a clock striking the hour) (PPH: *tanúR)
mag-tanókto parboil rice (PWMP: *maR-tanek) *taNek
mag-tanómto plant, to raise plants; to plant in (PWMP: *maR-tanem) *CaNem
mag-tánosto straighten something out; to make something stand straight (PPH: *tánus)
mag-tantánto do something with great caution or circumspection (as eating fish slowly so that one does not swallow a bone, or walking carefully in the dark so that one does not trip over something) (PPH: *tantán)
mag-taŋáʔto be in the middle (PMP: *teŋaq)
mag-taŋdánto make amends for; to pay compensation to; to compensate, recompense (PPH: *taŋ(e)dan)
mag-táŋgato make steps on (PMP: *taŋga₁)
mag-taŋgálto detach, disconnect; to pull out (as a plug from the wall) (PWMP: *taŋgal)
mag- táŋilto place a wedge, jack, lever under; to jack something up; to prop something up (as the head with a pillow) (PPH: *taŋíl)
mag-táŋisto cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
mag-taŋkálto pen up pigs; to place pigs in a pigpen (PPH: *taŋkal)
mag-taŋkásto remove an article of clothing, jewelry; to take off, doff; to pull out (as a plug); to disconnect (PMP: *taŋkas)
mag-taŋtáŋto toll a bell, to clang (PPH: *taŋtáŋ₁)
mag-tápato cut thin for the purpose of smoking; to smoke (beef, fish) (PMP: *tapa₁) *Capa
mag-tapákto hit, strike or slap the face or body with force using the open hand (PWMP: *ta(m)pak)
mag-tápakto make the sound of a footfall or footstep (PPH: *tepak₂)
mag-tapákto hit, strike or slap the face or body with force using the open hand (PMP: *tepak₁)
Bikol (1760 / 2913)

mag-tápalto sew this type of pocket (PWMP: *tapal)
mag-tápayto make bread (PWMP: *tapay)
mag-tapónto place a cork or stopper in (LOAN)
mag-tarántato bewilder, confound, confuse, perplex, rattle (LOAN)
mag-tarípto pare; to peel carrots, sweet potatoes, cucumber, etc. (PPH: *tájip)
mag-tarókto transplant rice from the seedbed to the field (PWMP: *taruk)
mag-tarókto dance (PPH: *tadék)
mag-tarómto sharpen (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem
mag-tarósto pierce; to seep through (PWMP: *terus)
mag-tarúgoto peg (LOAN)
mag-tastásto fray, unravel; to rip out stitches; to unstitch (PWMP: *testes)
mag-tastásto fray, unravel; to rip out stitches, to unstitch (PAN: *tastas)
mag-táwadto bargain, dicker, haggle for something; to bargain for a particular price (PWMP: *tawaD)
mag-táwagto say something loud enough for others to hear, particularly at a time when everyone else is quiet (such as at night); to complain about something loud enough for the whole neighborhood to hear (PWMP: *tawaR₂)
mag-táʔanto catch fish with such a trap (PAN: *taqan₁)
mag-taʔnáwto look at something far away by craning the neck; to look straight out into the distance at something (PPH: *taq(e)náw)
mag-taʔólto bark, bay, howl, whine (dogs) (PPH: *taqul) *taqúl
mag-tígisto pour water into a jug or pitcher; to fill with water (PMP: *tiRis)
mag-tiklópto fold; to fold one end over another (PPH: *tik(e)lúp)
mag-tikóʔto bend something (PWMP: *tikuq₁)
Bikol (1780 / 2913)

mag-tiktíkto dislodge something by tapping a container gently with the fingers (PMP: *tiktik₁)
mag-tiktíkto spy on; to shadow; to stake out or put a tail on (PPH: *tiktík₃)
mag-tiktíkto dislodge something by tapping a container gently with the fingers (PAN: *tiktik₁)
mag-timbáŋto be balanced; to be of equal weight; to be righted, or on an even keel; to weigh something (PWMP: *timbaŋ)
mag-timbónto live all in one house (three or four generations: parents, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren) (PWMP: *timbun) Camarines Sur
mag-timgáʔplace lead in (PWMP: *timeRaq)
mag-timónto navigate, to be at the helm (LOAN)
mag-tímosto place a tiny bit of salt on the tongue (PAN: *timus)
mag-tindógto arise, get up; to stand or stand up; to stand up for one’s rights or what one believes in (PMP: *ti(n)zeg)
mag-tíntato smear with ink (LOAN)
mag-tiŋaráʔto emulate; to observe closely what someone does so that one will be able to do the same at another time; to admire, idealize, look up to (PWMP: *tiŋadaq)
mag-tíŋogto make a sound; to voice something out, to say something (PPH: *tiŋeR)
mag-tiŋtíŋto make a tinkling or ringing sound (PMP: *tiŋtiŋ)
mag-t<ir>íponto assemble, come together, congregate, gather, meet (PPH: *típun)
mag-tírosto taper (PWMP: *tirus)
mag-títiʔto drip (PWMP: *tiqtiq)
mag-tiʔrísto urinate (humans) (PPH: *tiq(e)ris)
mag-tubóto plant sugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
mag-t'uboʔgerminate, sprout; to grow or mature (plants); gain or accrue interest (money) (PMP: *tubuq, tumbuq) *Cubuq
mag-túgonto request someone to get something; to instruct someone according to one’s wishes (PWMP: *tuRun₂)
Bikol (1800 / 2913)

mag-túgonto request that someone get something; to instruct someone according to one’s wishes (PPH: *tugen)
mag-tugtógplay a musical instrument, beat a drum (PMP: *tugtug₂) *CugCug₁
mag-tugtógto play a musical instrument; to beat a drum (PMP: *tugtug₁) *CugCug₂
mag-tugtógto play a musical instrument; to beat a drum (PWMP: *tugtug)
mag-túhokto string (as beads); to skewer, place on a stick; to impale (PPH: *tuhuk)
mag-túkadto incline, slope upwards; to go up a slope, to climb the side of a mountain (PAN: *tukad₂)
mag-tuktókto knock on, to knock for (PAN: *tuktuk₃)
mag-túlakto depart, leave (a boat) (PWMP: *maR-tulak) *tulak
mag-tuláyto bridge or span (PPH: *tuláy)
mag-tuldókto prick, stick (PPH: *tul(e)dek)
mag-tuloto divide into three (PWMP: *maR-telu) *telu
mag-tulódto push (PPH: *tulúd)
mag-tuló-túloto divide into three; to send three at a time (PMP: *telu-telu) *telu
mag-túnawto dissolve something; to liquefy, melt, thaw (PPH: *túnaw)
mag-tuntónto suspend something; to lower something by suspending it from something else (as by lowering something by rope) (PPH: *tuntún)
mag-tuŋkáʔto become drowsy, become sleepy (PPH: *tuŋkaq)
mag-tuŋkósto tie in a bundle; to wrap in something (PWMP: *tuŋkus)
mag-tuŋólto cut off the head (PPH: *tuŋel)
mag-tuŋtóŋtap something so as to dislodge what is stuck inside (PWMP: *tuŋtuŋ₁)
mag-tupíʔto crease, place a crease in (PPH: *tupíq)
Bikol (1820 / 2913)

mag-túriʔto circumcise (PPH: *turiq)
mag-túrogto sleep, to slumber (PAN: *tuduR)
mag-turóg-anto act like one is sleeping; to feign sleep (PAN: *tuduR)
mag-túsayto struggle with one another; to grapple with (LOAN)
mag-tusókto pierce (as the ears) (PAN: *tusuk)
mag-tustósto droop, hang down (PPH: *tustús)
mag-tútokto aim a weapon at (PPH: *tútuk)
mag-tuwádto bend over with one’s rear end sticking up in the air (PWMP: *tuad)
mag-tuwáŋto help by lifting one end of something while someone lifts the other (PPH: *tuaŋ₂)
mag-tuʔáyto captain a boat; to command the crew of a boat (PWMP: *tuqay)
mag-túʔonto lift up; to raise up; to elevate; to boost (PPH: *tuqun₁)
mag-úbosto empty something out (PPH: *ubus)
ma-gu-gúraŋconservative, traditional; out of date; also used to refer to the stories told by old people (PAN: *Rudaŋ)
mag-ukásremove or take off the clothes (PWMP: *maR-hukas) *hukas
mag-úlinnavigate a boat (PMP: *qulin)
mag-ulíʔreturn something, give something back (PPh: *maR-uliq) *uliq₁
mag-umáwork a field, farm, cultivate or till the land (PWMP: *maR-quma) *qumah
mag-umbáwbe full to the top (PMP: *umbaw)
mag-upakto remove such bark from the tree (PWMP: *upak₁)
mag-úpoŋto bundle rice stalks using the handful as a measurement (PAN: *qupuŋ)
Bikol (1840 / 2913)

mag-uránto rain (PWMP: *maR-quzan) *quzaN
ma-gúraŋparents (PAN: *Rudaŋ)
mag-útaŋbe in debt for; ask for a loan; buy something on credit (PWMP: *maR-qutaŋ) *qutaŋ
mag-utóʔto call small children using such a term (PWMP: *utuq)
mag-uwákto caw (PMP: *uak₁)
mag-uwayto use rattan or rope for this purpose (PAN: *quay)
ma-gúyoŋto get shaken (PWMP: *guyeŋ)
mag-watwátto remove a thorn or splinter with a needle or pin, or by opening the area with the point of a knife (PPH: *watwát)
mag-wisíkto shake dry (as a dog) (PPH: *wisik)
mag-yadyádto grate (sweet potato, squash) (PPH: *yadyád)
mag-yamyámto talk incessantly, esp. when annoyed or angry (PPH: *yamyám)
mag-yapyápto fan someone with a hand fan (PPH: *yapyáp)
mag-yugyógto shake (as a tree to bring down the fruits); to jog, to agitate (PPH: *yegyeg)
ma-háŋotthe smell of green wood; the smell of certain unidentifiable odors in the air; the taste of certain vegetables, like celery or carrots (PAN: *haŋut) *Saŋut
ma-hílobe poisoned (PWMP: *ma-hilu) *hilu
mahiŋ-púntato aim at (LOAN)
mahiŋ-sakítto feel slighted or offended; to resent or take offense at; to hold a grudge against (PMP: *sakit)
ma-húlogto fall (PWMP: *ma-huluR) *SuluR
ma-huríbe last, be late (PMP: *ma-udehi) *udehi
ma-ílomdescribing someone with a dark brown skin (PWMP: *ma-qilem) *qilem
Bikol (1860 / 2913)

ma-initwarm, hot (PPh: *ma-qinit) *qinit
ma-iŋatcareful (PWMP: *ma-iŋat) *iŋat
ma-isípselfish (PPh: *ma-ísip) *ísip
ma-itómdark in color (PMP: *ma-qitem) *qitem
maka-verbal affix, potential action series, infinitive-command form (PWMP: *maka-)
maka-alpásto get loose, get free, break away (PWMP: *lepas)
maka-anómto have six (PAN: *maka-enem) *enem
maka-apátto have four (PWMP: *maka-epat) *Sepat
maka-ápoʔ sa túhodgreat grandchild (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS
ma-kaba-ánto get a fright; to be startled, (PPH: *kabá)
ma-kaba-ánto get a fright; to be startled, be nervous (PPH: *kebá)
maka-basógfilling, hearty (as a meal) (PWMP: *maka-besuR) *besuR
ma-ka-búsogstruggle, grapple, fight with (PAN: *busuR₁)
maka-bútabecome blind (PPh: *maka-buta) *buCa
maka-butásget or break away, escape (PWMP: *butas₁)
maka-butas-ánlose control of; fumble; allow to escape (PWMP: *butas₁)
maka-danáʔto form a trail in this way (PPH: *danáq₁)
maka-daŋógto hear, overhear (PPH: *maka-deŋeR) *deŋeR
maka-dúgiget a fishbone caught in the throat (PMP: *duRi)
maka-dukótto get stuck to, glued to, pasted to; to adhere to, cohere to (PMP: *deket₁) *dekeC
Bikol (1880 / 2913)

maka-duwáto have two (PMP: *maka-duha) *duSa
maka-gasgásto scratch, chafe (PPH: *RasRas)
ma-kagátto get bitten (PMP: *kaRat) *kaRaC
maka-gatólbecome itchy (as a mosquito bite) (PWMP: *maka-gatel) *gaCel
ma-káhoywooded (PPH: *ma-kahiw) *kaSiw
maka-kánedible (PPh: *maka-kaen) *kaen
maka-kápoyto be wearying, tiring (PPH: *kápuy)
maka-katókto go crazy (PPH: *katúk)
maka--lampásto unintentionally go too far beyond (PPH: *lampás)
maka-laslásto be torn or ripped from (PWMP: *laslas)
maka-ligtásto survive, to pull through (PPH: *lig(e)tas)
maka-limáto have five (PAN: *maka-lima) *lima
maka-lípatto forget (PPH: *lipat)
maka-lumáyto be affected by a love potion (PPH: *lumay)
ma-kamandag-ánto be poisoned by venom (as from a snake bite) (PPH: *kamandag)
maka-matáto look down on, to be patronizing toward (PMP: *mata) *maCa
ma-kamt-ánto acquire, get, possess (PMP: *kamet)
maka-ŋísiabsurd, amusing, comical, funny (PMP: *ŋisi)
maka-padpádto blow a boat, causing it to drag anchor (the wind); to be blown away by the wind (PPH: *padpád)
maka-pitóto have seven (PAN: *maka-pitu) *pitu
Bikol (1900 / 2913)

ma-kápoyto feel weak, weary, tired (PPH: *ma-kápuy) *kápuy
maka-púliŋto fall into the eye (dirt, dust, cinders) (PWMP: *puliŋ₂)
maka-sákitto cause difficulties (PMP: *sakit)
maka-sambótto make a good match for oneself; to land a good catch (as a marriage partner, a girlfriend or boyfriend) (PPH: *sambut₁)
maka-síkoto get poked with the elbow (PWMP: *maka-siku) *sikux
maka-tagtágtiring (of a long trip) (PPH: *tagtag)
maka-timbáŋto be across from or opposite (PWMP: *timbaŋ)
maka-tiŋáget stuck between the teeth (particles of food) (PMP: *tiŋah) *CiŋaS
maka-tulóto have three (PWMP: *maka-telu) *telu
maka-walóto have eight (PAN: *maka-walu) *walu
ma-káyato bear, tolerate, withstand; to be capable of; to have the capacity to do; to manage to do; to cope with or handle (PWMP: *kaya)
maki-verbal affix, social action series, infinitive-command form (PPH: *maki-)
maki-ágawjostled, scramble for, push your way ahead (PAN: *qaRaw)
maki-búsogstruggle, grapple, fight with (PAN: *busuR₁)
maki-dágosto stay or live with, to board, lodge (PPH: *dagus₂)
maki-daldálto gossip with, talk a lot to (PPH: *daldál)
maki-duŋánto do something at the same time as someone else (PMP: *deŋan)
ma-kilat-ánto be struck by lightning (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaC
maki-lubóŋto attend a funeral (PAN: *lebeŋ₁)
maki-sabáyto go with; to do something at the same time as (PWMP: *sa(m)bay) *sabay₁
Bikol (1920 / 2913)

maki-tábiʔto excuse oneself (as when moving through a crowd of people) (LOAN)
maki-tagbóʔto have a meeting with (PPH: *tag(e)búq)
maki-umátto inquire about something (PPH: *umat)
makópatree growing up to ten meters and producing a juicy, edible fruit, small, waxy and pear-shaped in appearance, mountain apple, rose apple: Syzygium malaccense (PPH: *makúpa)
ma-kubal-ánto have a callus on the body (PWMP: *kubal)
ma-kusógpowerful, strong, vigorous; heavy (as a rain); loud (as a radio); aloud (as in reading) (PAN: *ma-keseR) *keseR
ma-kusog-ánfearless, daring (PAN: *ma-keseR) *keseR
ma-kusog-ónraging, terrific, turbulent, violent, wild (as a storm); blaring (as a radio) (PAN: *ma-keseR) *keseR
ma-kúyogobedient, mindful, heedful (PPH: *kúyug)
ma-lagtókhalf-cooked rice (referring to the popping sound made when eaten) (PWMP: *lagetuk)
ma-laktaw-ánto get missed, overlooked; to get omitted or skipped over (PPH: *lak(e)táw)
ma-laláŋcreative; ingenious (PPH: *laláŋ)
ma-lamánfleshy, meaty (PPH: *lamán)
ma-lamósto drown (PMP: *lemes)
ma-lánabgreasy, referring to the grease or fat that floats on top of a soup or stew (PPH: *lanéb)
ma-láŋawhaving many flies; be covered with flies (PMP: *laŋaw)
ma-laslásto get slit or ripped; to get torn away (as skin from a limb after a fall or accident) (PWMP: *laslas)
ma-láwiglong (duration of time); lengthy; time-consuming (PPH: *lawig)
ma-laʔónto become old, stale (rice) (PWMP: *ma-laun) *laun
ma-líbogblurred, fuzzy, indistinct, nebulous, obscure, vague (PPH: *ma-liqeb(e)R) *liq(e)beR
Bikol (1940 / 2913)

ma-líbogblurred, fuzzy, indistinct, obscure, vague (PPH: *libeg)
ma-liksíʔagile, deft, nimble (LOAN)
ma-limátokget bitten by a land leech (PWMP: *qali-matek) *-matek
ma-lindóŋdescribing a place protected from the sun or wind; shady (PAN: *liduŋ)
ma-lindoŋ-ánto be shaded, protected (PWMP: *ma-linduŋ-an) *liduŋ
ma-liŋaw-ánto forget (PWMP: *kaliŋaw)
ma-lipat-onforgetful (PPH: *lipat)
ma-liwánagclear, distinct, vivid, coherent, graphic, lucid, plain, understandable (LOAN)
ma-lúgito lose money in business (LOAN)
ma-lugús-anto be raped (PPH: *luges)
ma-lúkato be removed in this way (flesh) (PMP: *luka)
ma-lúmotcovered with moss, mossy (PMP: *lumut)
ma-lumut-ancovered with moss (of a place) (PMP: *lumut-an) *lumut
ma-lupaypáyto become tired or withered (PPH: *lupaypáy)
ma-lútoʔcooked rice (PWMP: *ma-lutuq) *lutuq
ma-luʔnítto have this type of wound (PPH: *luq(e)nit)
ma-malia plant: Leea guineensis (Madulid 1999) (PMP: *mali-mali) *mali
ma-matáto get hit in the eye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mamáʔa mixture of betel nut, búyo’ leaf and lime (PMP: *mamaq)
mamaʔ-ónto chew a betel quid (PWMP: *mamaq-en) *mamaq
Bikol (1960 / 2913)

ma-múŋaproduce or bear many fruits (PWMP: *maŋ-buŋa) *buŋa
mantoo, also; also used to soften the impact of negatives and commands (PPH: *man)
ma-naklótto fly with something clutched in the claws (birds) (PPH: *sak(e)lút)
ma-námitflavorful, palatable, savory, tasty (PMP: *ñamit)
ma-nánaʔpussy (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
ma-nanáʔ-anto secrete pus, to fester (PWMP: *nanaq-an) *naNaq
manaŋ-sa-ŋ-gatósone hundred each (PMP: *sa-ŋa-Ratus) *RaCus
man-dupáto measure with the arm (PPH: *man-depa) *depah
man-gabáʔto destroy; to level, raze (PPH: *gebáq)
manípeanut; clitoris (LOAN)
mani-háwaktake the form of something (PMP: *hawak) *Sawak
ma-níwaŋlean, gaunt, scrawny, skinny, slender, slight, slim, thin (animals, humans) (PMP: *ma-niwaŋ) *Niwaŋ
manókchicken, fowl; (fig.) protégé, a person who receives the support of others, commonly used in a political context (PMP: *manuk)
manók-mánokflying sparks or cinders (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk
manok-ón an matádescribing eyes that stare somewhat crosseyed (PPh: *manuk-en) *manuk
mantá lúnacanvas (LOAN)
ma-núgaŋmother-in-law or father-in-law; son-in-law or daughter-in-law (PPH: *ma-nuRaŋ) *tuRaŋ
máŋaprenominal plural marker (PMP: *maŋa₁)
maŋ-abáŋkeep watch, keep vigil (PMP: *abaŋ₁)
maŋ-abáŋkeep watch, keep vigil (PWMP: *maŋ-abaŋ) *abaŋ₁
Bikol (1980 / 2913)

ma-ŋagátto go around biting (as a mad dog) (PMP: *kaRat) *kaRaC
maŋ-ágawgo around snatching things (PWMP: *maŋ-qaRaw) *qaRaw
ma-ŋáhoyto collect wood (PWMP: *ma-ŋahiw) *kaSiw
maŋ-anínoto reflect an image (as water, a mirror) (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
ma-ŋapótto clasp, clutch, grasp, grip, cling to, latch onto, get ahold of (PWMP: *ma-ŋaput) *kaput
maŋ-báhaweat something for breakfast (PMP: *bahaw) *baSaw
maŋ-bambáncollect bambán from the mountain forests (PWMP: *benben₂)
maŋ-baŋgíeat the evening meal, eat dinner, supper (PMP: *beRŋi)
maŋ-búrakbear many flowers (PWMP: *bujak)
maŋ-dágitto prey on small animals (birds) (PPH: *daRit)
maŋ-gubátto embark on a war of conquest (PPH: *gubát)
ma-ŋísito be taken in by someone’s smile (PMP: *ŋisi)
maŋ-itómturn darker (PWMP: *maŋ-qitem) *qitem
maŋkók ~ maŋkóʔbowl (LOAN)
maŋ-sáloŋto collect resin from trees of the forest (PAN: *saleŋ)
maŋ-sublíʔto go around borrowing things; to be a borrower (PPH: *sub(e)liq)
maŋ-taʔónto complete one year (PMP: *taqun)
maŋ-úpasto collect abaca from such a plant (PPH: *upas₂)
ma-ŋúsoʔtalkative (PAN: *ŋusuq)
ma-pa-atótto break wind (PAN: *pa-qetut) *qetut
Bikol (2000 / 2913)

mapa-darusdósto slide; to get slid (PPH: *darusdús)
ma-pagalget tired (PWMP: *pagel)
mapa-ísogget unintentionally shoved (as when something is bumped into) (PMP: *isuR)
ma-paladlucky, fortunate (PMP: *palaj₁)
ma-paŋáto get hit on the jaw (PPH: *paŋah)
mapa-ŋáŋato gape in bewilderment (PMP: *ŋaŋa₂)
ma-parókhaving a sediment, residue (PPH: *ma-parek) *parek
ma-pásoʔto get burned, scalded, scorched (PPH: *ma-pásuq) *pásuq
mapa-súkato feel like vomiting (PPH: *suka₂)
mapa-tíbayto confirm, certify (PPH: *tíbay)
ma-patódto snap, break, as a string (PWMP: *pated)
mapa-túrogto fall asleep (PAN: *tuduR)
ma-paʔítbitter, acrid (PMP: *ma-paqit) *paqiC
ma-píliʔfastidious, fussy, particular, selective (PMP: *ma-piliq) *piliq
ma-pintásdiscourteous, ill-bred; fault-finding; overly critical (PPH: *pintás)
ma-pudáklight-skinned (PWMP: *pudak)
ma-pudpódto get worn out (PPH: *ma-pudpud) *pudpud
ma-púgotbe accidentally beheaded (PWMP: *pugut)
ma-púliŋto have something caught in the eye (PWMP: *puliŋ₂)
ma-pulótsticky; tacky; glutinous (PMP: *pulut)
Bikol (2020 / 2913)

ma-pulót na tatarámona tongue-twister (PMP: *pulut)
ma-puslit-ánto slip through, as a police watch, a defense line in basketball (PPH: *pus(e)lít)
ma-púsoʔto suffer a heart attack (PMP: *pusuq₁)
ma-putíʔwhite, fair or light skinned (PMP: *ma-putiq) *putiq
ma-putólto get cut off or severed (PMP: *putul) *putun
ma- púyatto have one’s sleep disturbed by talking, noise (PPH: *ma-púyat) *púyat
m-áricome here! (PWMP: *um-ari) *ari
ma-ribóknoisy, boisterous, clamorous; a commotion, fuss (PPH: *ribuk)
ma-rígosto bathe, take a bath (PAN: *diRus)
ma-sabat-ánto encounter; to run or bump into someone unexpectedly (PWMP: *sabat)
ma-sahúɁanto manage to express oneself; to make oneself understood (PPH: *sahuq)
ma-sákitarduous, difficult, formidable, hard, laborious, rigorous, onerous, tough, complex, complicated (PMP: *ma-sakit) *sakit
ma-sakit-anto find something difficult (PMP: *sakit)
ma-salugsug-ánto get a splinter (PPH: *ma-salugsug-án) *salugsúg
ma-sampok-ánto get bumped into (PWMP: *sempuk)
ma-sáŋoto get a whiff of; to catch a scent of (PPH: *sáŋu)
ma-sapíɁto get snapped or broken off (PAN: *sepiq)
ma-saplóddescribing the taste of fruits eaten out of season and therefore lacking a true full-bodied flavor (PWMP: *sapeled)
ma-sáyaŋto feel sorry for; to feel bad (PWMP: *ma-sayaŋ) *sayaŋ
ma-saʔbítto catch (as on a nail); to get caught; to lodge (PMP: *saqebit)
Bikol (2040 / 2913)

ma-saʔgid-ánto get sideswiped (PPH: *saq(e)gid)
ma-síbaɁa curse: may you be carried off by a crocodile or other animal (PPH: *sibáq)
ma-sigpítget caught or pinched by pincers (PPH: *sig(e)pít)
ma-sigpítto get caught or pinched by pincers (PPH: *siR(e)pít)
ma-síkoto get poked with the elbow (PAN: *sikux)
ma-sílawbright, glaring (PMP: *silaw)
ma-simsímto get bitten by a goose (PPH: *simsím)
ma-sínagdescribing the brightness of a newly-risen moon, the sun at dawn or dusk, the glow in the sky of a distant fire (PMP: *sinaR) *siNaR
ma-síwaɁto become cracked and parted; to develop a fissure or rift (PAN: *siwaq)
ma-siwáŋ-anto have a harelip or be missing one’s front teeth (PMP: *siwaŋ)
ma-siʔláksplit or cleaved (PWMP: *siqelak)
máskialthough, even if, even though (LOAN)
másosledge hammer (LOAN)
ma-sumpoŋ-ánto encounter; to bump into (LOAN)
ma-surótone after the other, at close intervals; successive (PPH: *súrut)
matáeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
ma-tabáʔto be fat, chubby, corpulent; rich, fertile (PWMP: *ma-tabeq) *tabeq
ma-tabáʔripe and ready for cutting (bananas) (PPH: *tebáq)
ma-tágalenduring, lasting; durable (PWMP: *tagal)
ma-tagbákto rot, to turn rancid (PPH: *tag(e)bák)
Bikol (2060 / 2913)

ma-tagókjuicy, succulent (PPH: *tegék)
ma-tagókjuicy, succulent (PPH: *tagek)
ma-tagtágto be tired or bushed from a long journey (PPH: *ma-tagtág) *tagtag
ma-tákotto be afraid, frightened, jittery, nervous, panicky, scared (PAN: *ma-takut) *takut
ma-táloto defeat (PMP: *talu₂)
ma-talúboʔquickly growing; healthy in growth (usually referring to humans, but applicable as well to plants and animals) (PPH: *talúbuq)
ma-tamádbe reluctant or disinclined to do something (LOAN)
ma-tamáʔ-anto get hit by something; fig. to feel the effects of something (such as a drink of liquor) (PMP: *tamaq₁)
ma-tandáʔbright, intelligent; possessing a good memory (PPH: *tandaq)
ma-tanógsonorous (PWMP: *teneR)
ma-tanógsonorous (PPH: *tanúR)
ma-tánosstraight; erect, upright (PPH: *tánus)
ma-taŋáʔlate at night (PWMP: *ma-teŋaq) *teŋaq
ma-táŋis(-on)describing someone who cries a lot (PMP: *ma-taŋis) *Caŋis
ma-taŋkásto come off, fall out, get pulled out (PMP: *taŋkas)
mata-ónto get hit in the eye; to look down on, to be patronizing toward (PPH: *mata-en) *maCa
ma-tarómsharp, keen, pointed (PWMP: *ma-tazem) *Cazem
matáymay I die; an oath taken whereby one swears to take his own life if he is not telling the truth (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay
ma-taʔbáŋbland, flat, insipid, tasteless; lacking in salt or other spices (PWMP: *taq(e)baŋ)
ma-tíbaywell-made; competent, skilled, adept (PPH: *tíbay)
Bikol (2080 / 2913)

ma-tíbaywell-made (LOAN)
ma-t<in>ábaŋhelpful, cooperative (PMP: *tabaŋ)
ma-túbigwatery (NOISE)
ma-tuldókto get pricked; to get stuck (as by a pin) (PPH: *tul(e)dek)
ma-tunókthorny, prickly, barbed (PPH: *ma-tenek) *tenek
ma-tupíʔto get creased (PPH: *tupíq)
ma-tupókshowing the first signs of rot or decay; beginning to wear; to begin to rot or decay (due to long exposure in water or to the sun) (PPH: *tupúk)
ma-túrogsleep; slumber (PMP: *ma-tuduR) *tuduR
ma-tuʔláŋbony (PPH: *ma-tuqelaŋ) *tuqelaŋ
ma-unátget stretched or straightened (PPh: *ma-uñat) *uñat
ma-úragvirile (PPH: *urag)
ma-uranrainy (PAN: *ma-quzaN) *quzaN
ma-urán-anget caught in the rain; get rained on or get wet from the rain (PPH: *ma-quzan-an) *quzaN
ma-yámanaffluent, rich, wealthy (LOAN)
mayoŋ pag-ásahopeless (LOAN)
ma-yugyógto get shaken, agitated (PPH: *ma-yegyeg) *yegyeg
m<in>a-sunódto follow in succession (PPH: *sunúd)
mohónboundary marker or land marker (LOAN)
mustásamustard; mustard cabbage (LOAN)
nagrammatical linker used in adjectival phrases; grammatical connector equivalent to 'that' (PAN: *na₂)
Bikol (2100 / 2913)

naalready; yet; ever (nagháliʔ na siyá? ‘Has she already gone?’ or ‘Has she gone yet?’) (PMP: *na₄) *Na₂
nagenitive of persons (plural) (PAN: *na₃) East Miraya
nágaNarra tree: Pterocarpus indica (PMP: *naRah)
nagáʔwild duck (PMP: *ŋaRaq)
námittaste, flavor (PMP: *ñamit)
namókmosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)
namuk-ónget a mosquito bite (PPH: *ñamuk-en) *ñamuk
nánatitle for a mother, aunt, or godmother (PPH: *nana₂)
nánaʔpus (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
naŋkáʔjackfruit (LOAN)
náraa tree: Pterocarpus spp. (PMP: *nara)
násirice which is fermented to produce the rice wine called paŋási (PWMP: *nasi)
nátadthe front yard of a house (PMP: *natad) *NataD
natóŋtaro leaves; taro (PMP: *nateŋ) *NaCeŋ
nátoʔtree producing an edible fruit and light-colored wood: Plagium [sic] (PMP: *ñatuq)
nisingular ni class marker occurring before names; by (as in ‘written by’) [marker of the agent of a non-actor voice verb] (PAN: *ni)
nígowinnowing basket (PMP: *niRu) *Rinu
nípaʔpalm sp. possessing leaves used for roofing and walls, and from whose sap a wine and vinegar may be fermented: Nypa fruticans (PMP: *nipaq)
nítoʔblack fern (PMP: *nituq)
-niyá3sg. agent and possessor (PAN: *ni-a) *-a₂
Bikol (2120 / 2913)

niyógcoconut palm and fruit (PMP: *niuR)
niyog-áncoconut plantation (PMP: *niuR)
nugenitive of common nouns, + referential ~ + past (PAN: *nu₃) Miraya dialects
nuknókgnat, fruit fly (PMP: *neknek)
nu-saróʔday after tomorrow (PAN: *nu-) Naga
ŋáŋaopen (the mouth) (PMP: *ŋaŋa₂)
ŋárana name, title; noun (PMP: *ŋajan)
ŋáran-anto name, christen; to call someone by name (PWMP: *ŋajan-an) *ŋajan
ŋídampregnant (PWMP: *ŋidam)
ŋílodescribing the sensation one gets in the teeth from a screeching noise, or from eating something sour or very cold (PAN: *ŋilu)
ŋilu-anto have the feeling that one gets in the teeth from a screeching noise, or from eating something sour or very cold; to get a shiver down one’s spine (PWMP: *ŋilu-an) *ŋilu
ŋí-ŋipón-ondescribing someone with large or prominent teeth (PAN: *ŋipen)
ŋípontooth, teeth (PAN: *ŋipen)
ŋ<ir>ísi-hanlaughter (PMP: *ŋisi)
ŋísia laugh, smile (PMP: *ŋisi)
ŋitŋítdescriptive of the darkness of night (PPH: *ŋitŋit₃) *ŋitŋit₂
ŋitŋít na dulómpitch dark (PPH: *ŋitŋit₃) *ŋitŋit₂
ŋuhódthe youngest child in the family; the last born (PPH: *ŋuhed)
ŋu-ŋusóʔ-ondescribing someone with a large mouth (PAN: *ŋusuq)
ŋúsoʔmouth (PAN: *ŋusuq)
Bikol (2140 / 2913)

ŋutŋot-ónto chew or gnaw on tough or fibrous things (as a water buffalo chewing on its tethering rope) (PPh: *ŋutŋut-en) *ŋutŋut₄
-oncommand form used when the pronoun is stated; e.g. Hiliŋ-on mo an gámgám Look at the bird (cp. the alternative Hiliŋ-a an gámgám Look at the bird) (Mintz 1971:141); passive suffix which sometimes describes afflictions or blights: duldól scabies, duldól-on describing someone suffering from scabies; to contract or suffer from scabies; bukbók weevil, bukbók-on infested with weevils (PAN: *-en)
pastill, yet; more, anymore; than (PAN: *pa₁)
pa-causative prefix (PAN: *pa-₂)
pa-bahaw-onto let cool off, to let stand (so as to cool) (PPH: *pa-bahaw-en) *baSaw
páboturkey (LOAN)
pa-bugsókheadfirst, downward; to fall downward, plunge (PPH: *bug(e)suk)
pa-buǵsokswoop down; fall downward, plunge (PMP: *buRsuk)
pa-bulós-anmake water flow (PWMP: *bulus)
pa-dalagán-onto propel forward; to run a business; to manage, operate, supervise (PPH: *dalágan)
pa-dalíʔabruptly, at once, suddenly, unexpectedly, without warning (PPH: *dalíq)
pa-darusdus-ónto slide s.t. (PPH: *darusdús)
pádisa pair (LOAN)
pádis-pádiscard game (LOAN)
pag-nominal affix: abot 'arrive', pag-abot 'arrival' (PWMP: *paR-) *paR-₁
págastorage loft made from bamboo, attached to the ceiling just above the stove, usually used for storing firewood (PAN: *paRa₁)
pag-agómmarriage (PPH: *agúm)
pagálexhausted, fatigued, jaded, tired, worn out (PWMP: *pagel)
pag-anóm-ondivide into six; send six at a time; go six by six (PAN: *paR-enem-en) *enem
pag-apát-ondivide into four; send four at a time (PMP: *paR-epat-en) *Sepat
Bikol (2160 / 2913)

pag-ásahope (LOAN)
pagatpáttree producing a wood suitable for house posts: Sonneratia alba (PWMP: *paRatpat)
pag-duwá-onto double; to divide into two parts (PMP: *duha) *duSa
pag-gamótto put forth roots (PMP: *Ramut₁)
págistingray (PMP: *paRih) *paRiS
pag-ir-ibácompany, companions, society (PMP: *ibah) *ibaS
pagka-daragafeminity; maidenhood, virginity (PWMP: *da-daRa) *daRa₂
pag-ka-ká-taʔónchance, opportunity (PMP: *taqun)
pagka-lalákimanliness, masculinity; virility (PWMP: *la-laki) *laki₁
pag-ka-ma-liŋaw-onforgetfulness, absent-mindedness (PWMP: *kaliŋaw)
pag-ka-saʔl-ánfailure, mistake (PMP: *salaq₁)
pag-lámaya wake, a vigil (PPH: *lámay)
pag-lima-ondivide into five; send five at a time, go five by five (PPh: *paR-lima-en) *lima
pag-lubóŋfuneral (PAN: *lebeŋ₁)
pagóŋturtle (PPh: *pag(e)qúŋ)
pag-pádis-onto pair together, to match (LOAN)
págpágto beat to remove dust (as from a rug) (PWMP: *peRpeR)
pag-pitu-óndivide into seven; send seven at a time (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
pag-saŋa-ánjunction, intersection (PMP: *saŋa₁)
pag-siŋít-anthe branching or forking of a river or road (PPH: *síŋit)
Bikol (2180 / 2913)

pag-sulsólatonement, regret, remorse, repentance (PWMP: *selsel₂)
pag-tampóʔremorse (PPH: *tampuq)
pag-ta-tarókrice planting time (PWMP: *taruk)
pag-tulo-onto divide into three; to send three at a time; to go three at a time (PWMP: *paR-telu-en) *telu
pagukpókknocking sound; sound such as that made by an ax when chopping wood (PPH: *p<aR>ukpuk) *pukpuk
pag-úlinlarge oar serving as a rudder (PMP: *qulin)
pag-umáagriculture, farming (PWMP: *paR-quma) *qumah
pag-waló-ondivide into eight; send eight at a time (PAN: *paR-walu-en) *walu
pag- X -(on)divide into X; send X at a time (X = numeral) (PAN: *paR-₂)
pa-hadam-ónto lend (PPh: *pa-hedam-en) *Sezam
pa-hatódthat which is given by the parents of the bridegroom to the parents of the bride as a sign that the marriage contract has been fulfilled (PAN: *pa-SateD) *SateD
páhoʔtree in the mango family producing a small, sour fruit which may be salted (PMP: *pahuq₁)
pakthe sound of a smack, splat, whack (PMP: *pak)
pa-kaba-ánto give someone a fright; to startle (PPH: *kebá)
pa-ka-kan-ónto feed (PAN: *pa-kaen-en) *kaen
pa-kipót-onto close up a hole; to constrict (PMP: *kiput)
pakpákwing (as of a bird) (PAN: *pakpak₁)
pa-kubkob-ónto breed chickens or other fowl (PMP: *kebkeb₁)
pa-kusog-ónto strengthen, to fortify, invigorate, nourish; to amplify (make louder) (PAN: *ma-keseR) *keseR
paladpalm of the hand (PMP: *palaj₁)
Bikol (2200 / 2913)

pa-lakáwmethod, procedure, process, system, way (PMP: *lakaw)
pa-lakaw-onto run (as a business, an organization) (PMP: *lakaw)
pála-pálaframework; scaffolding; trellis, lattice (PWMP: *pala pala₁)
palawana tree: Tristaniopsis decorticata (Merr.) (PWMP: *palawan)
pa-layás-onto send away; to turn out; to banish (PPH: *layas₁)
palaʔpáʔthe full branch of the coconut or other palm trees; frond; the full leaf of the banana plant (PMP: *palaqpaq)
pa-libóg-onto blur, to make fuzzy or indistinct (PPH: *liq(e)beR)
pa-libot-anto enclose, surround, ring (PWMP: *pa-libut) *libut
pálidbe blown away or carried away by the wind (PWMP: *palij)
palih-onancient rites, superstitions or prohibitions (PAN: *paliSi-en) *paliSi
palíŋturn the prow of a boat (PMP: *paliŋ)
páliʔpancreas, spleen (PAN: *paliq₁)
pálopole; mast (LOAN) Camarines Sur
paloŋ-óna cock’s comb (PPH: *páluŋ)
palósto get off, dismount (PAN: *pelus)
paltíksupports for an outrigger; homemade gun (PWMP: *paletik)
paltíkhomemade gun (PWMP: *pale(n)tik)
paltoktoy gun made from a bamboo branch and using wet paper or leaves as ammunition; pound, beat, or strike someone, particularly on the head (PAN: *paleCuk)
pa-luwág-onto loosen (PMP: *luqaR)
pa-luwásoutward (PMP: *luas₁)
Bikol (2220 / 2913)

pa-luwas-ónto send out, to discharge (PMP: *luas₁)
pa-mánabequest, inheritance; heritage (PWMP: *mana₁)
pa-mánabequest, inheritance; heritage (PWMP: *maña)
pa-mánasa rag or cloth used for wiping up spills, a sponge (PMP: *punas)
pa-maŋgí-hanthe evening meal; dinner, supper (PMP: *beRŋi)
pam-aŋpaŋ-ona high, steep river bank difficult to ascend (PWMP: *paŋpaŋ)
pa-mata-ónto wake someone up (PMP: *mata) *maCa
pampámprostitute, whore, harlot (PPH: *pampám)
pampámprostitute, whore, harlot (LOAN)
pa-múlaŋfighting cock (PWMP: *paŋ-bulaŋ) *bulaŋ
pánawTinea flave (fungal skin disease characterized by de-pigmented patches of skin) (PMP: *panaw₁) *panaw
panáw-onto have Tinea flava (PWMP: *panaw-en) *panaw
pánaʔbow and arrow; archery (PAN: *panaq)
pandán, paŋdánpandanus (used in weaving of mats and other articles) (PMP: *paŋedan) *paŋudaN
pandóŋa hood; a canopy; parasol (PPH: *panduŋ)
pandóŋa hood (ROOT)
pandóŋa hood; a canopy; parasol (NOISE)
paníkifruit bat, flying fox (PMP: *paniki)
panóʔfull, crowded (PAN: *peNuq)
panoʔ-ónto fill something up (PWMP: *penuq-en) *peNuq
Bikol (2240 / 2913)

panóʔ-pánoʔvery full; crowded, packed, teeming (PAN: *peNuq)
pantalánpier, dock (LOAN)
paŋ-prefix used to form deverbal nouns (PWMP: *paŋ-)
paŋájaw, jawbone; jowl (PAN: *paŋa₁)
paŋájaw, jawbone; jowl (PPH: *paŋah)
paŋ-aninó-ancast a shadow on (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
paŋásirice wine (PWMP: *paŋasih)
paŋátto cook (PWMP: *paŋat)
paŋátto cook pinaŋát (LOAN)
paŋ-banwítfishing tackle, gear (PPh: *banuít)
paŋ-baŋgínocturnal (PMP: *beRŋi)
paŋ-bómbaplunger; sprayer (LOAN)
paŋ-buʔbóʔsprinkler, watering can (PMP: *buqbuq)
paŋgáŋto dry-fry in a kawaliʔ producing a result similar to toasting, rather than frying (PWMP: *paŋgaŋ)
paŋ-gátoŋfuel (PPH: *gatuŋ)
pa-ŋísihumor (PMP: *ŋisi)
paŋ-ŋárana name (PWMP: *paŋ-ŋaran) *ŋajan
paŋólstupid, dull (PPH: *paŋel)
paŋpáŋriver bank; bluff (PWMP: *paŋpaŋ)
paŋ-sabalíʔ-anto make an exception for (PPH: *sabáliq)
Bikol (2260 / 2913)

paŋ-suŋkálthe snout of animals (such as the pig) (PWMP: *suŋkal)
paŋ-talaba-óngo in search of oysters (PPH: *talabá)
paŋ-yapyápa hand fan (PPH: *yapyáp)
pápagbamboo cot or bed (PPH: *papag)
pa-paŋasíh-anthe container in which the rice wine is made (PWMP: *paŋasih)
pa-paspas-onto make something run faster (as a vehicle) (PPH: *paspás₄)
pa-pudpod-ónto wear something down (PPH: *pa-pudpud-en) *pudpud
pára-verbal affix, repetitive action series, infinitive-command form, used in combination with the intensive series affix pag- and verbs taking mag-, -on, i-, and -an in the regular series; magpara-bisíta repeatedly visit (PWMP: *para-) *para-₁
para-affix indicating occupation or job (NOISE)
paragŋákloud, menacing cry or shout (ROOT)
parakólaxe, hatchet (LOAN)
para-labáwasherwoman (LOAN)
para-láyagone who sails, a fisherman (PAN: *layaR)
para-lúgosrapist (PPH: *luges)
para-puhágone who cuts the honeycomb (PWMP: *puhaR)
pa-rarom-onto deepen (PWMP: *pa-dalem) *dalem
para siʔrípa Peeping Tom (PPH: *siq(e)rip)
para-úlinhelmsman (PMP: *qulin)
parókresidue, silt; sediment brought up in turbulent water; dregs left at the bottom of casks or other containers of wine or other liquor (PPH: *parek)
pa-sabsab-ánto pasture, to put out to pasture (PAN: *sabsab)
Bikol (2280 / 2913)

pa-sagut-ána discussion (PPH: *sagút)
pa-sikátostentatious, pretentious (PPH: *sikát)
pa-sikat-ánto show off to (PPH: *sikát)
pa-sikat-ónto show something off; to flaunt (PPH: *sikát)
pásokwooden peg (PAN: *pacek)
pásokwooden peg (PAN: *pasek)
paspása method of threshing in which the rice is beaten with sticks (PAN: *paspas₁)
paspásfast, quick, rapid (PPH: *paspás₄)
paspas-érospeedster, speed demon (with Spanish agentive ending) (PPH: *paspás₄)
pa-sumpaʔ-ónto swear someone in, to give an oath to (PWMP: *sumpaq)
pa-sunódphase, stage (as of development) (PPH: *sunúd)
pasúʔ-ento deliberately burn, scorch or scald; to cauterize (PPH: *pasúq-en) *pásuq
pa-tagok-ónto extract juice or nectar; to tap a tree so as to remove the sap (PPH: *tegék)
pa-takút-onto make someone afraid, to intimidate, menace, scare, terrify (PWMP: *takut-en) *takut
pa-taŋaʔ-ónto let someone stay out late at night (PMP: *teŋaq)
patían expression with the following meanings: also, too, even, including (PPH: *patí)
pa-tindog-ónto make someone stand; to tell someone to get up (PMP: *ti(n)zeg)
patísfish sauce (LOAN)
patod-ónbe deliberately snapped (PWMP: *pated-en) *pated
pátoŋa penalty or extra interest imposed on an overdue account or loan (LOAN)
Bikol (2300 / 2913)

pa-tuboʔ-oninvest money so that it gains interest (PWMP: *pa-tubuq-en) *Cubuq
pa-túkadinclined upward, sloping upward (PAN: *tukad₂)
pa-tunáw-onto digest food (PPH: *túnaw)
pa-turóg-onto put someone to sleep (as a child) (PAN: *tuduR)
pawíkantortoise (PPH: *pawíkan)
paypay-ánto wave at (PPH: *paypáy)
paypay-ónto beckon to, motion to someone to come (PPH: *paypáy)
páʔathigh; lap, haunches, hip (PAN: *paqa₁)
paʔá-ondescribing someone with large thighs (PAN: *paqa₁)
paʔit-ándevelop a bitter taste (PPh: *paqit-an) *paqiC
páʔonbait; decoy or lure (PAN: *paen)
paʔon-anto bait or set a trap; to place bait on a hook; to decoy or lure (PPH: *paen-an) *paen
paʔsáncarry on the shoulder (PMP: *pasaqan) *pasaqaN
péso ~ písopeso, pesos (LOAN)
pigároe, fish eggs, spawn (PMP: *piRah) *piRaS
piga-ana fish with roe (PMP: *piRah-an) *piRaS
pigsáa boil (PWMP: *pi(R)sa)
pikítsquinting, having one eye smaller than the other (PMP: *pikit)
piklátdeep scar (ROOT)
píkopick, pickaxe (LOAN)
Bikol (2320 / 2913)

pílaqueue, line (as before a movie theatre) (LOAN)
pílaycrippled, disabled, lame, maimed; a cripple (PAN: *piNay)
piláy-onto cripple, disable, maim (PPH: *piláy-en) *piNay
piláʔscar, scab (PMP: *pilaɁ) *pilaq
pilíʔ-onto choose, pick, select, single out; to elect (PWMP: *piliq-en) *piliq
p<in>aŋátdish consisting of mince meat, shrimp or fish, chopped coconut and spices, wrapped in a taro leaf and cooked in coconut milk (PWMP: *paŋat)
p-in-aŋátdish consisting of minced meat, shrimp or fish, chopped coconut and spices, wrapped in a taro leaf and cooked in coconut milk (LOAN)
pínsancousin (PPH: *pinsan)
pintóʔdoor (LOAN)
piŋgána plate (LOAN)
pi-piŋgan-áncupboard, pantry (LOAN)
piráhow many?, how much?; a little more and... (some consequence will follow); except for, excluding (PAN: *pijax)
píraksilver; money (LOAN)
pirák-anto mix other metals with silver (LOAN)
pirókeyelashes (PPH: *pidek₂)
pisónsteamroller (LOAN)
pispíssideburns (PAN: *pispis₁)
pitóseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
pítoa whistle (of wood, plastic) (LOAN)
pitó-pítoonly seven (PAN: *pitu pitu) *pitu
Bikol (2340 / 2913)

pitu-ónto go seven by seven (PWMP: *pitu-en) *pitu
piyákfingerling, young fish (PAN: *piak)
pósashandcuffs, manacles, shackles (LOAN)
pósowell (for water) (LOAN)
pudpódworn down, or worn out; overused (PPH: *pudpud)
pugáʔto squeeze or wring with the hand (a lemon to remove the juice, clothes to remove water) (PAN: *peReq)
pugíʔto start the weaving of cloth (PPH: *pugiq)
púgoʔmountain or forest quail (PAN: *puRuq)
pugrótbroke, having no more money (PPH: *pug(e)rút)
pugút-anto behead (PPH: *pugut-an) *pugut
púkanto fell (a tree, something cut at the base) (PPH: *púkan)
pukán-onto fell or cut down a tree (PPH: *pukán-en) *púkan
púkivagina (PAN: *puki)
púkotdeep-sea dragnet (PMP: *puket₁)
pukót-onto catch fish with a deep-sea dragnet (PWMP: *puket-en) *puket₁
pukul-ánto hit a particular part or section with a stick (PWMP: *pukul₁)
puláred, reddish (PMP: *pula₁)
pulótsap, resin; glue (PMP: *pulut)
púloʔten (base form) (PAN: *puluq₁) *puluq
pulpóldull, slow (in thinking) (LOAN)
Bikol (2360 / 2913)

pulsítslip away (because it is slippery, like a fish when you try to hold it) (PWMP: *pulesit)
pulsítto slip away (because it is slippery, like a fish when you try to hold it) (ROOT)
punás-anto wipe with a cloth or sponge (as a table) (PMP: *punas)
punás-onto wipe or sponge something up (as spilled milk) (PMP: *punas)
púnayspecies of pigeon with green feathers and a brownish breast (PAN: *punay)
púnoʔchief , headman, leader (PMP: *puqun)
púnpúngather together with the hands (PWMP: *punpun)
púntaa promontory, or point of land; point (as of a pencil) (LOAN)
púntoaccent; inflection (LOAN)
punyáldagger (LOAN)
puŋpóŋa string of (garlic, coconuts, onions, etc.), a bundle of (PWMP: *puŋpuŋ₂)
purókdistrict (LOAN)
purónwind up, coil up (PMP: *pudun) *puduN
púrotpick up something (PWMP: *pu(n)zut)
puróʔisland (PPH: *pujuq)
pusítsquid, cuttlefish (PPH: *pusít)
pusŋákburst out laughing (ROOT)
púsodnavel, umbilical cord (PMP: *pusej)
púsod nin banwáʔ-anthe center of town (PMP: *pusej)
púsoʔheart (PMP: *pusuq₁)
Bikol (2380 / 2913)

pusóʔ-anbrave, daring, intrepid, stouthearted (PMP: *pusuq₁)
púsoʔ kan batágbanana blossom [heart of banana] (PMP: *pusuq₁)
pusóʔ-onto suffer a heart attack (PMP: *pusuq₁)
puspósworn out or worn down; overused (as a broom) (PWMP: *puspus₁)
puspos-ánbeaten down (PWMP: *puspus₂)
pusʔóndiaphragm; loin (PPH: *pus(e)qun)
pútattree sp. with red and green leaves, producing necklace-like fruit stems (PMP: *putat)
putíʔwhite; lime (mineral) (PMP: *putiq)
pútosteamed rice cake (made from ground rice flour soaked in water, baking powder, white sugar and salt) (LOAN)
putókexplode (PWMP: *petuk)
putókexplode (ROOT)
putókexplode (ROOT)
putpótthe sound of beep-beep, honk-honk, toot-toot (PMP: *putput₂)
putul-ónto cut; to amputate, dismember (PMP: *putul) *putun
puwas-ánto recover (a person from a fever or from being drunk) (PWMP: *puas)
púyatdescribing a feeling of sleepiness after waking up; groggy (PPH: *púyat)
puyat-ónto keep someone awake (PPH: *puyat-en) *púyat
puyósmall mudfish or climbing perch found in fields and rivers (PWMP: *puyu₁)
puʔóna leader; stalk of a plant or trunk of a tree; a single plant (PMP: *puqun)
puʔón-anto emanate from (PWMP: *puqun-an) *puqun
Bikol (2400 / 2913)

puʔpóʔto wash the behind after defecating (PWMP: *puqpuq₂)
rabnot-onto grab someone by the hair or beard; to grab onto something and pull (PPH: *rab(e)nut-en) *rab(e)nút
ragrágreferring to fallen crumbs, particles of food, grains of rice, dirt, hair (PPH: *regrég)
rakrákto break, smash or rip s.t. in anger (PPH: *rakrák)
rakrak-onto break, smash or rip s.t. in anger (PPH: *rakrak-en) *rakrák
ramíramie, a woody Asian plant having broad leaves; the flaxlike fiber from the stem is used in making fabrics and cordage: Boehmeria nivea (LOAN)
rará-onto weave mats, baskets, etc. from palm leaves (PWMP: *lalah-en) *laja
rasókpeg (PWMP: *ra(ŋ)suk)
ráwisa long slender point (PPH: *ráwis)
ráyastripe (LOAN)
rayóʔdistance, stretch; range (as of a gun) (PPH: *adayúq)
ribóknoise, clamor, din, hubbub (PPH: *ribuk)
ribóknoise, clamor, din, hubbub (ROOT)
rikásfast, rapid, quick (PMP: *rikas)
rímasbreadfruit: Artocarpus altilis (LOAN)
riŋiscruel (PWMP: *riŋis₂)
ríparaffle (LOAN)
ripá-onto raffle something off (LOAN)
rugtáspull or tear apart (ROOT)
rúnotcrushed or smashed into smaller pieces; mashed (something soft, such as a potato, fruit) (PPH: *rúnut)
Bikol (2420 / 2913)

rúyoŋbent (referring to branches of trees) (PWMP: *duyuŋ₁)
salocative marker occurring before general nouns, equivalent to the English prepositions: at, by, in, into, through, to, on, onto, upon, with (among), against (as in leaning against) (PAN: *sa₂)
sanominative case marker for plural personal names (PAN: *sa₁) Camarines Sur
sa ágatomorrow (PPH: *ága)
sabáliʔif not, except for (PPH: *sabáliq)
sabat-ónto meet someone (as at the station when he first arrives) (PPH: *sabat-en) *sabat
sabáwsoup, broth (PWMP: *sa(m)baw)
sabáyto do something together; to do something at the same time (PWMP: *sa(m)bay) *sabay₁
sábayaccompanying, going along with (as gongs in a musical (PWMP: *sa(m)bay) *sabay₁
sabáy-sabáyconcurrent, simultaneous, synchronized, together, in unison (PWMP: *sa(m)bay) *sabay₁
sabit-ána hook; also referring to any place on which something can be hung (PPh: *saqebit-án) *saqebit
sablókglutton (said in anger) (PPH: *sab(e)lék)
sabódseed bed (rice) (PWMP: *sabuD)
sabog-ánseed bed (PMP: *sabuR)
sabsab-ánpasture land (PAN: *sabsab)
sabsab-ónfodder, hay (PPH: *sabsab-én) *sabsab
sabúg-anseed bed (PMP: *saq(e)buR)
sa gi-rumdómin memoriam, in memory of (PAN: *demdem₁)
sagisífruit of the anáhaw (fan palm) (PPH: *sagisí)
sagósago palm, Metroxylon (PMP: *sagu₁)
Bikol (2440 / 2913)

sagópdam (PPH: *sáRep)
sagót-sagótto answer back, be sassy to; discussion (PMP: *saRut)
sagtifŋsoprano, high-pitched (ROOT)
sáhoɁreferring to words that are indistinctly pronounced (PPH: *sahuq)
sahógfish or meat added to vegetables as a seasoning (PPH: *sahuR)
sákacockspur (PPH: *sáka)
sakáand (PPH: *saká)
sakályoke (PAN: *sakal)
sakáŋbow-legged (PMP: *sakaŋ)
sakátgo upstairs; climb, scale, mount, ascend (PAN: *sakat)
sakáyfluvial procession (PMP: *sakay₁)
sakáy-anboat (PWMP: *sakay-an) *sakay₁
sakdu-ónto fetch water (as from a river, stream) (PPH: *sakedu-en) *sakedú East Miraya
saklótprey (PPH: *sak(e)lút)
saklut-ónto prey on; to swoop down on; to carry off in the claws (birds) (PPH: *sak(e)lut-en) *sak(e)lút
sakmal-ónto grab as big a handful as possible; to clasp the arms around someone roughly and tightly; to clinch, to hold in a bear hug (PPH: *sakmal-én) *sak(e)mál
salakábsmall fish trap used in the rice fields (PPH: *salakeb)
salampáti ~ sarampátidove (LOAN)
salátana wind which blows from different directions (PWMP: *salatan)
s<al>aysáynarrate or chronicle; tell a story (PPH: *s<al>áysay) *sáysay
Bikol (2460 / 2913)

sálaʔan error, fault, mistake; a flaw, blunder (PMP: *salaq₁)
saldáŋthe sun (PPH: *sel(e)daŋ)
saldáŋthe sun; to shine (sun) (ROOT)
salíboŋto run from one place to another, as if trying to escape a pursuer (PPH: *salimbeŋ)
sa likódat the back, in the rear; behind (PAN: *likud)
sálodsave liquids, store liquids (PWMP: *saluD)
salógfloor (PMP: *saleR)
salog-ánto construct a floor for a house (PMP: *saleR)
sáloŋresin (PAN: *saleŋ)
salópsmall basket made from burí (talipot palm) leaves (PPH: *salúp)
salsal-ónto thin or flatten out metal by pressing or beating; (vulgar) to masturbate (PPH: *salsal-en) *salsál
salugsóga splinter (PPH: *salugsúg)
sampáloka tree producing an edible fruit whose pulp is used in cooking and may also be made into a jam or candy: Tamarindus indicus (LOAN)
sampátuniform, equal; in conformity (LOAN)
sámpokbump into (PWMP: *sa(m)puk)
sa-m-púloʔten (PMP: *sa-ŋa-puluq) *puluq
sanájust, only, a mere (PPH: *sená)
sanípaa board which runs along the edge of a roof (PPH: *sanipa)
santánplant with either white, red, or pink flowers: Ixora stricta (PPH: *santán)
santána cooked mixture of coconut milk and brown sugar (LOAN)
Bikol (2480 / 2913)

santíkflintstone; a clicking or clinking sound (such as that made when two bottles or stones are hit together) (PPH: *santik)
santik-ónto strike a flintsone (PPH: *santik)
saŋábough, branch, limb, shoot, stem, twig; branch (of a river, road), tributary (PMP: *saŋa₁)
saŋáya nickname shared shared by two people and used only when greeting one another (PWMP: *saŋay)
sa-ŋ-gatósone hundred (PMP: *sa-ŋa-Ratus) *RaCus
sa-ŋ-gatus-onto count by hundreds (PMP: *sa-ŋa-Ratus) *RaCus
saŋkála large wooden hammer or mallet used for driving in stakes or posts (PWMP: *sa(ŋ)kal)
saŋkápcomponent, constituent, element, ingredient, part; complete, all-inclusive (PPH: *saŋkap)
saŋlag-onto fry grains such as rice or corn; to fry peanuts (PWMP: *saŋelaR-en) *saŋelaR
sáŋoodor, smell; whiff (PPH: *sáŋu)
saɁópapprentice (PWMP: *saqup)
sápaɁstream, rivulet (PAN: *sapaq₁)
sápada bunch of bananas (PPH: *sápad)
sapád-anto pick from the fruiting stem one bunch of bananas (PPH: *sapád-an) *sápad
sapád-onto remove a bunch of bananas from the fruiting stem (PPH: *sapád-en) *sápad
sapaɁ-ónto munch on; to chew (PPH: *sapaq-en) *sapaq₃
sapínlining; insulation, padding; layer, ply, veneer (PPH: *sapín)
sapí-sápikite (American; ordinary kite with a tail) (LOAN)
sapsápsmall silver disk-shaped saltwater fish (PPH: *sapsáp)
sapyáwfishing net fastened to a crane-like frame with bamboo crosspieces and mounted on a boat or raft (LOAN)
Bikol (2500 / 2913)

sárabburnt hay or straw (PWMP: *sadab)
sárabburnt hay or straw (PPH: *sajab)
sárabburnt hay or straw (PPH: *sárab)
saráb-onto burn hay or straw (PPH: *sárab)
sarapáŋharpoon (PWMP: *sarapaŋ)
sarapaŋ-ónto spear fish with a harpoon (PWMP: *sarapaŋ)
saroɁ sanáonly one, merely one (PPH: *sená)
sarótaffliction, illness, harm (PPH: *sárut)
sárukto dip (a kite, airplane), to dip for water (PMP: *saruk)
sarúŋ-ansheath, scabbard, holster (PWMP: *saruŋ)
sawápython, boa constrictor (PMP: *sawa)
sawáliɁwoven, split bamboo strips used for walling (PWMP: *sawaliq)
sawáliʔwoven, split bamboo strips used for walling (LOAN)
sawa-onto seize (of a python) (PMP: *sawa)
sáyaa traditional skirt (LOAN)
sáyaŋwasted, to no avail; a pity or shame (PWMP: *sayaŋ)
sayáwdance (PWMP: *sayaw)
sayótea species of vegetable, chayote, (Sechium edule) (LOAN) Camarines Sur
sáʔbabanana (species for cooking) (PWMP: *sabeqa)
sebólyas ~ sibuyasonion (LOAN)
Bikol (2520 / 2913)

sisi class marker occurring before names, marking the grammatical subject of the sentence (PAN: *si₁)
sídokspoon (PMP: *si(n)duk)
signósan ill omen; a sign of foreboding; a portent of coming fate (LOAN)
sigpítclips; pincers, tongs (PPH: *sig(e)pít)
sigpítclips; pincers, tongs (PPH: *siR(e)pít)
sikátthe best, great, tops; a hit (PPH: *sikát)
síkoelbow (PAN: *sikux)
sikópbird species, ash-colored with yellow eyes (PWMP: *sikep₁)
síkot-síkotzig-zag (PMP: *sikut₁)
sikoʔánshuttle of loom (PWMP: *sikuqan)
sikóʔ-onto elbow; to poke with the elbow (PWMP: *siku-en) *sikux
síloʔscoop net (used for catching fish in rivers and fish ponds (PPH: *síluq)
silóʔ-onto catch fish with a scoop net (PPH: *siluʔ-en) *síluq
símaʔbarb of a fish hook, arrowhead (PPH: *símaq)
simaʔ-anto form a barb on (PPH: *simaq-an) *símaq
simbóŋstopper of leaves; plug the mouth of a container with a stopper of leaves (ROOT)
simsim-ónto feed on or eat (geese) (PPH: *simsím)
s<in>aŋlágfried rice (PMP: *s<in>aŋelaR) *saŋelaR
sinʔókhiccup (PPH: *sin(e)qek)
siŋála wedge (PPH: *siŋal)
Bikol (2540 / 2913)

síŋitthe fork of a tree (PPH: *síŋit)
siŋít-anan insertion (PPH: *síŋit)
siŋít-síŋitcrotch, groin (PPH: *síŋit)
siŋkamásyam bean (species of root crop, Pachyrrhizus erosus) (LOAN)
siŋkamása root crop, the yam bean: Pachyrrhizus erosus (LOAN)
siŋkítslanted, slit (the eyes) (PPH: *siŋkít)
siŋót, siŋhótto sting (bee), to strike (snake) (PWMP: *siŋ(e)het)
sipáka slice (PWMP: *sipak)
sipíttongs, forceps, pincers; clips; chopsticks (PAN: *sipit)
sipɁónmucus in the nose; a cold (PPH: *sip(e)qun)
siráɁfish; referring to anything eaten with rice; main course, viand (PPH: *siraq₂)
síraŋrays or beams of light (PWMP: *siraŋ)
siráʔfish; anything eaten with rice; main course, viand; to eat something with rice (PPh: *sidáq)
sirómsmall red biting ant (PWMP: *sijem)
sirom-ónto bite something, of this ant; to be covered with such ants (PWMP: *sijem)
síroŋthe under part of a house; basement, cellar; the shelter of a tree (PWMP: *siduŋ)
sisíbarnacles (PMP: *sisi₁)
sítsíthiss at (for people), call someone's attention by hissing (PMP: *sitsit) *sitsit₁
síwaɁfissure, rift (PAN: *siwaq)
síwaŋdescribing one with a harelip or one with his front teeth missing (PMP: *siwaŋ)
Bikol (2560 / 2913)

siʔídtrap (small, heart-shaped, made of matted bamboo and used to catch the freshwater catfish called híto) (PPH: *siqid)
siʔlak-ónsiʔlak-ón (PWMP: *siqelak)
siʔrip-ánpeephole (PPH: *siq(e)rip)
siʔrip-ónto peek or peep at (PPH: *siq(e)rip-en) *siq(e)rip
subáŋ-anthe east (PPH: *sebaŋ)
sublágto part or separate from; to depart, leaving others behind; incorrect (as directions); off or missing the point (as answers to questions) (PPH: *sub(e)laR)
sudsódthe point of a bladed weapon; the cutting edge of a knife, plow or other bladed instrument; plowshare; the tip (as of a finger) (PPH: *sudsud₂)
sudsod-onto contradict or disagree with someone (PPH: *sudsud-en) *sudsud₃
súgodsting (of a bee, wasp, etc.) (PWMP: *seRed)
suháɁ ~ suwáɁcitrus fruit (PPH: *suháq)
súkiʔreferring to the relationship of trust between a buyer and a seller; a steady customer (LOAN)
suklíʔchange (money) (LOAN)
sukólbow the head (PAN: *sekel)
súkolmeasurement, size, dimension; standard (PMP: *sukul₃)
sukólbow the head (ROOT)
sukráylarge comb used by women; to comb the hair with this (NEAR)
sulógcurrent, flow of water (PWMP: *seleg)
sulómdark, obscure, as a house without lights (ROOT)
súmanrice sweet made from glutinous rice flour, coconut milk and brown sugar, shaped into a cylinder about six inches long and wrapped in burí (palm) leaves (PPH: *súman)
sumpáʔoath (PWMP: *sumpaq)
Bikol (2580 / 2913)

sundáŋbolo, machete; a knife; any instrument used for cutting (LOAN)
sundáŋbolo, machete; a knife; any instrument used for cutting (LOAN)
sunódnext (PPH: *sunúd)
sunóg-onto cure betel nut by smoking (PPH: *sunúg-en) *sunuR
sunud-ánto follow after; to track, trail, pursue (PPH: *sunúd)
sunud-ónto do something after something else (PPH: *sunúd)
sunúd-sunódchronological; consecutive, sequential (PPH: *sunúd-sunúd) *sunúd
súŋayhorn, antler (PPH: *súŋay)
súŋkaʔgame in which shells or stones are dropped in consecutive order into holes in a game board (LOAN)
supót ~ súpotpaper bag, pouch (PPH: *súput)
súpsúpsip, suck (PAN: *supsup)
súrococonut shell (PMP: *sudu)
súroda small-toothed comb used for removing lice (PWMP: *sujud)
súsobreast, teat, udder; bust (PAN: *susu₁)
tawe, by us; ni class first person plural inclusive pronoun (PAN: *-ta)
tabán-onbe kidnapped or abducted (PWMP: *taban-en) *tabaN
tábascut or style of clothes; pattern (PWMP: *tabas₂)
tabásout of season (fruits, vegetables) (PWMP: *tebas₁)
tabás-onto cut material for clothes; to style, fashion (PWMP: *tabas₂)
tabáyagelongated green squash with white flesh (PPH: *tabayaR)
Bikol (2600 / 2913)

tabáʔfat (PWMP: *tabeq)
tábiʔplease (LOAN)
taboklance a boil; wound a fighting cock with a spur (of the opponent cock) (PAN: *tebek)
tabok-ónlanced, wounded (PWMP: *tebek-en) *tebek
tabónbird species which buries its eggs deep in the sand (PPH: *tabun₁)
táboʔwater dipper (traditionally made from half a coconut shell) (PMP: *tabuq)
tabtab-ónto cut bamboo or rattan; to cut the fins of fish, the wings of fowl (PPH: *tebteb-en) *tebteb
tados-ónto crush with a fingernail (PWMP: *tedes)
tadtádchopped, minced; riddled, cut in many places; tattoo (PWMP: *tadtad)
tadtad-ánto tattoo (PPH: *tadtad-án) *tadtad
tadtad-ónto riddle; to cut in many places (PPH: *tadtad-én) *tadtad
tagáfrom, indigenous to, native to; to come from (PPH: *taga-)
tagá-from, indigenous to, native to; to come from; also indicates the agent or doer of the action expressed by the verb base, equivalent to the English ‘-er’ and ‘-or’ in words like ‘singer’ and ‘actor’ (LOAN)
tagaltáwbuoy, float (PPH: *tagal(e)táw)
tagáya wedding ceremony in which the drinking of liquor forms part of the celebrations (PPH: *tágay)
tágayritual in which food is offered to the táwong-lipód (supernaturals) to ask for a rich harvest, a full catch, a successful hunt, or the removal of spells (PPH: *tágay)
tagbákrotten, rancid due to exposure to water or high humidity (PPH: *tag(e)bák)
tagiktíka ticking sound (PPH: *tagiktik)
tagití ~ tagithía light rain; a shower, drizzle (PPH: *taRihtih)
tagóbfull, laden, overloaded; brimming (as a container with rice, a tree with fruit, a boat with cargo) (PMP: *teReb)
Bikol (2620 / 2913)

tagókjuice, nectar, sap (PPH: *tegék)
tagókjuice, nectar, sap (PPH: *tagek)
tágomindigo, species of plant from which a blue dye is extracted (PMP: *taRum)
tagóm-onto tint or dye with indigo (PMP: *taRum)
tahóʔa preparation of soybean curd in a sugar syrup, usually served cold as a refreshing snack (LOAN)
takálclam sp. (PPH: *takál₁)
takláʔa clicking sound make with the tongue (PPH: *tak(e)laq)
taklóbshroud (PWMP: *tak(e)lub)
takóbeyelid (PMP: *takub)
takóbeyelid (PWMP: *tekeb₁)
takób-takóbeyelid (PMP: *takub-takub) *takub
takópcap, cover, lid (PAN: *tekep)
tákotfear (PAN: *takut)
takuríteapot, kettle (LOAN)
talabáoyster (PPH: *talabá)
talagáreally, truly, honestly; virtual, virtually; that’s so (PPH: *talagá)
taláwcowardly, yellow, chicken; a coward (PAN: *talaw)
talbódust (ROOT)
talíŋaear (PMP: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa
tálodefeated (PMP: *talu₂)
Bikol (2640 / 2913)

tálonwild fowl (PPH: *talun₂) *CaluN
talóŋeggplant (LOAN)
taló-onto be defeated (PMP: *talu₂)
tamádbe reluctant or disinclined to do something (PPH: *tamád)
támaʔaccurate, correct, right; appropriate, fitting, suitable; adequate, ample, sufficient; moderate, temperate (PMP: *tamaq₁)
tambákheap, mound, pile (PMP: *tambak₂)
tambak-ónto heap or pile up (PMP: *tambak₂)
tambálantidote; snake medicine (PMP: *tambar)
tambálantidote; snake medicine (PPH: *tambal₂)
tambáŋ-anto encircle, surround (PPH: *tambaŋ-an) *tambáŋ
tambókbulging (as muscles), full large (as breasts), prominent (parts of the body) (PWMP: *tambuk)
tambóŋfish corral (PWMP: *tambeŋ)
tambórdrum (LOAN)
tambóʔcoarse reed used for making brooms: (PPH: *taŋ(e)buq₁)
tampípiʔa travelling bag made of woven reeds (PPH: *tampipiq)
tampipíʔ-onto place something into or carry in a tampípiʔ (PPH: *tampipiq)
tandóka cupping glass made from a horn (LOAN)
tanóga sound, noise (PWMP: *teneR)
tanóga sound, noise (PPH: *tanúR)
tanog-ánto emanate from (of a sound) (PPH: *tanúR)
Bikol (2660 / 2913)

tanok-ónto parboil rice (PMP: *tanek-en) *taNek
tanómplant, bush, shrub (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
tanom-ánarable, suitable for planting or farming (PAN: *tanem-an) *CaNem
taŋaa fruit tree: Prunus grisea (C. Muell.) Kalkm. Rosaceae (PPH: *taŋa₄)
taŋádto look upward (PMP: *taŋad)
taŋán-taŋánthe castor oil plant: Ricinis communis (PWMP: *taŋan-taŋan)
taŋán-taŋáncastor oil plant: Ricinus communis (LOAN)
taŋáʔin between, intermediate, mid-way (PMP: *teŋaq)
táŋgastep, stair; rung of a ladder (PMP: *taŋga₁)
taŋgígiSpanish mackerel (PWMP: *taŋgiRi)
táŋila wedge; a jack, lever (PPH: *taŋíl)
táŋiscry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
taŋis-anto cry over (PMP: *taŋis-an) *Caŋis
taŋkálpigpen, pig sty (PPH: *taŋkal)
taŋkásremove (as a necktie, a cover), take off (as a necktie), pull out (as a plug), disconnect (PMP: *taŋkas)
taŋládlemon grass, a plant possessing a root which is pounded and used as a seasoning: Andropogon citratus (PMP: *taŋelaj) *Caŋelaj
taŋoʔ-ánto nod at (PPH: *taŋuq)
taŋtáŋthe clanging sound of a bell (PPH: *taŋtáŋ₁)
taŋtáŋclang, the clanging sound of a bell (ROOT)
tápasmoked beef (PMP: *tapa₁) *Capa
Bikol (2680 / 2913)

tapa-ansmokehouse (PWMP: *tapa-an) *Capa
tápakfootfall, footprint, footstep (PPH: *tepak₂)
tápalpatch, pocket (PWMP: *tapal)
tápaydough (PWMP: *tapay)
tapáy-ana large earthen jar (PWMP: *tapay)
tápiswrap-around skirt (PAN: *tapis₁)
tapólto close up an opening; obstruct, stand in a doorway where others want to pass (PMP: *tapel) *Capel
tapóna cork, stopper (LOAN)
táposcompleted, concluded, ended, finished, over, terminated, through (PAN: *tapus)
tapóʔbrittle (as dry twigs) (PWMP: *tepuq)
tapóʔbrittle (as dry twigs) (ROOT)
tapsáka splash (ROOT)
tariktíkwoodpeckeer sp. (PPH: *tariktik₂)
tarip-ánto pare; to peel carrots, sweet potatoes, cucumber, etc. (PPH: *tajip-an) *tájip
tárobee’s wax (PWMP: *tadu)
taróma point (as on a knife); spike or spire; blade or cutting edge (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem
taró-onto wax with (PWMP: *tadu)
tarúgowooden peg (LOAN)
tásacup, teacup; mug; small bowl (LOAN)
tásikbrine, concentrated saltwater solution; a salt pond (PMP: *tasik)
Bikol (2700 / 2913)

tasík-onto preserve something by salting (PMP: *tasik)
tastas-ónto rip out stitches, to unstitch (PPH: *tastas-en) *tastas
ta-takt-ónafraid, fearful, frightened, jittery, nervous, panicky; meek, timid (PWMP: *takut-en) *takut
ta-táwowooden figures or statues made in honor of the dead (17th century Bikol) (PMP: *tau tau) *Cau
ta-taʔóproficient, knowledgeable; to know, fathom; to have the knack of (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu
táwada discount (PWMP: *tawaD)
táwoman, individual, person, human being, people, a creature (human) (REDUP -um-) (PMP: *tau₁) *Cau
táwyoʔ ~ tóyoʔsoy sauce (LOAN)
táyoŋsea urchin (PPH: *tayeŋ)
taʔbecause, so (PPH: *taq₁)
táʔanfish trap used for catching fish in rice fields and creeks (PAN: *taqan₁)
taʔbáŋ na túbigfresh water (not salt) (PWMP: *taq(e)baŋ)
taʔnaw-ónto look at something far away by craning the neck (PPH: *tanɁaw-én) *taq(e)náw
táʔobhigh tide (PWMP: *taeb)
taʔólto bark, bay, howl, whine (dogs) (PPH: *taqul) *taqúl
taʔónyear (PMP: *taqun)
taʔón-taʔónevery year; annual; annually; perennial (PMP: *taqun)
taʔpíla patch (PMP: *taq(e)pil)
taʔpil-ánto patch, to patch up (PMP: *taq(e)pil)
taʔun-ánto be completed within one year (PMP: *taqun)
Bikol (2720 / 2913)

tigáŋalmost dry (as a stream or a river bed with either very low water, or only patches of water) (ROOT)
tig-duwátwo each (PMP: *duha) *duSa
tigís-anto fill with water (PWMP: *tiRis-an) *tiRis
tig-pi-pitóseven each (PAN: *pi-pitu) *pitu
tíkala cramp resulting from a blow to the muscle (PPH: *tíkal)
tikál-onto suffer from such a cramp (PPH: *tíkal)
tikóʔbent, curved (PWMP: *tikuq₁)
tikóʔbird sp. (PPH: *tikuq₂)
tiktíkdislodge something by tapping a container gently with the fingers (mag-, -an, -on) (PMP: *tiktik₁)
tiktíksecret agent, spy; detective (PPH: *tiktík₃)
tilíŋa high voice, soprano (PWMP: *tiliŋ)
tilíŋ-tilíŋsmall bell; to tinkle (PWMP: *tiliŋ)
timbáŋbalanced, equal in weight; righted, or on an even keel (of a boat) (PWMP: *timbaŋ)
timbaŋ-ónto weigh something (PWMP: *timbaŋ-en) *timbaŋ
timgáʔ ~ tiŋgáʔlead (metal) (PWMP: *timeRaq)
tímogthe east or southeast wind (PMP: *timuR)
timóg-anthe direction of this wind (a wind coming from this direction signals the passing of a typhoon) (PMP: *timuR)
timónrudder; helm or steering wheel of a boat; the steering mechanism of a plow (LOAN)
timtímto taste something with just the tip of the tongue or lightly with the lips (PPH: *timtim)
t-in-apásmoked fish (PMP: *t<in>apa) *Capa
Bikol (2740 / 2913)

t<in>ápaybread, buns, rolls (PWMP: *tapay)
tindóklarge banana species (PPH: *tinduk)
tíntaink (LOAN)
tiŋáparticles of food caught between the teeth (PMP: *tiŋah) *CiŋaS
tiŋábnotch, nick (PPH: *tiŋab)
tiŋab-ánto notch or nick something (PPH: *tiŋab-an) *tiŋab
tiŋaráʔ-an ~ tiŋaʔd-ána model, someone to look up to or admire; an ideal, paragon (PWMP: *tiŋadaq-an) *tiŋadaq
tíŋogvoice (PPH: *tiŋeR)
tíŋogvoice (ROOT)
tiŋtíŋa tinkling sound; the clinking or ringing sound when metal hits metal (PMP: *tiŋtiŋ)
tipsíka splash (smaller than tapsák) (ROOT)
tírostapering, attenuating (PWMP: *tirus)
tísaʔchalk (LOAN)
títiʔto drip; pour drop by drop (PWMP: *tiqtiq)
tiyóka bird (PPH: *tiúk)
túbaplant sp. possessing a leaf stem which may be used as a laxative, and seeds from which an oil may be extracted effective in killing or stunning fish (PAN: *tubah)
tubá-anto poison a river with this oil; the fish caught in such a way (PAN: *tubah)
tubá-onto catch fish with tuba (PWMP: *tuba-en) *tubah
túbigwater; a pond, puddle, pool (NOISE)
tublíʔa climbing vine with roots that produce a substance useful in treating wounds or in poisoning fish: Derris elliptica (PWMP: *tub(e)liq)
Bikol (2760 / 2913)

tubósugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
tubógto wallow in the mud (PPH: *tubúg)
tubólconstipated (PPH: *tebel₁)
tubóʔ-anadd interest to (PWMP: *tubuq-an) *Cubuq
túbuʔinterest (as on money in a bank) (PMP: *tubuq, tumbuq) *Cubuq
túgaŋsibling, brother or sister (PMP: *tuRaŋ)
túgona request to get something (PWMP: *tuRun₂)
túgona request to get something (PPH: *tugen)
túgotpermission (PWMP: *tuRut)
tugtógmusic (PMP: *tugtug₂) *CugCug₁
tugtógmusic (PWMP: *tugtug)
tugtug-ónto play a musical instrument; to beat a drum (PPH: *tugtug-én) *tugtug
tugút-anto allow, let, permit; to give permission to; to entitle (PWMP: *tuRut)
túhodknee (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS
túhogto string (as beads); to skewer, place on a stick; to impale (PMP: *tuhuR) *CuSuR
tuhóg-onbe strung (as beads), skewered, placed on a stick, impaled (PAN: *CuSuR-en) *CuSuR
tukádgo uphill (PWMP: *taked₂)
túkada slope, incline (PAN: *tukad₂)
tukáyoreferring to people who have the same name (LOAN)
tukdoʔ-ánto point something out to (PPh: *tulduq)
Bikol (2780 / 2913)

tuláya bridge, a span (PPH: *tuláy)
tulay-ánto bridge or span (PPH: *tulay-an) *tuláy
tuláy-tuláya small or makeshift bridge (PPH: *tuláy)
tuldóʔindex finger (LOAN)
tulíear wax (PMP: *tuli₁) *Culi
tulisánbandit, highwayman (LOAN)
tulóthree (PAN: *telu)
túlosimmediately, promptly; outright (PMP: *tulus)
tuló-túlo~ tu-tulóonly three (PMP: *telu-telu) *telu
túmaclothes louse (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
túmaŋto rebel, rise up, mutiny against (PWMP: *tumaŋ)
tumá-onbe infested with clothes lice (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
tumbágacopper (LOAN)
tumbáklance (PMP: *tumbak)
tumbak-ónto spear with a lance (PMP: *tumbak)
tumpóka heap, mound, pile (PWMP: *tumpuk)
túnayauthentic; genuine; real (PWMP: *tunay₂)
tunókthorn (PAN: *Cenek)
tunókthorn, barb, prickle (PPH: *tenek)
tuŋáwchigger sp., tiny mite (PWMP: *tuŋaw₁)
Bikol (2800 / 2913)

tuŋawa plant: Astronia spp (PPH: *tuŋaw₂)
tuŋaw-ónto be infested with chiggers (PWMP: *tuŋaw₁)
tuŋkáʔdrowsy, sleepy (PPH: *tuŋkaq)
túriʔcircumcised (PPH: *turiq)
túrogsleep, slumber (PAN: *tuduR)
turóg-ana sleeping place (PWMP: *tuduR-an) *tuduR
turóg-turógmimosa (plant with leaves that close up when touched) (PAN: *tuduR)
turóna banana wrapped in a spring roll wrapper, fried and served sprinkled with sugar (LOAN)
tusók-an dagómpin cushion (PAN: *tusuk)
tustósdrooping, hanging down, extremely slack (PPH: *tustús)
tútoʔa call for dogs (such as ‘Here boy!’) (PPH: *tútuq)
tuwádbend over with one's rear end sticking up in the air (PWMP: *tuad)
tuwása lever (PWMP: *tuas)
tuyóʔdried fish (whole) (LOAN)
tuʔláŋbone; seed, pit (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)
úbaktree bark (PWMP: *ubak)
úbanwhite or gray hairs (PMP: *quban) *qubaN
uban-ondescribing someone with a lot of white or gray hair; to turn gray (of the hair) (PWMP: *quban-en) *qubaN
úbatgunpowder (LOAN)
úbipurple yam: Dioscorea alata (PMP: *qubi)
Bikol (2820 / 2913)

ubódthe soft core of palm plants; pith (PMP: *qubuj)
úbosconsumed, exhausted, finished (PMP: *qubus)
úbosconsumed, exhausted, finished (PPH: *ubus)
udógback (of humans, animals, fish) (PWMP: *edeg)
údoŋa hunter's shelter or hut (PMP: *uduŋ)
údoŋa hunter's shelter or but (ROOT)
udtónoon, noontime, mid-day (PPh: *ugtu)
ugáliʔcharacter, manner, personality, temperament; characteristic, idiosyncrasy, trait; custom, habit, tradition (PWMP: *ugaliq)
ugátartery, vein; nerve (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC
úgiksqueal of a pig (ROOT)
ugístree sp. possessing a white bark; albino (PPh: *quRis)
ugísalbino (PPH: *uRis)
ugis-ónto be totally white (PPH: *uRis)
ugómsuck on something (as a lollipop); carry something in the mouth (PWMP: *uRem)
ugsódpush, nudge (ROOT)
úhaʔto cry (infants) (PWMP: *uhaq)
ukas-onbe removed or taken off, of clothes (PWMP: *hukas-en) *hukas
úlamyoung shoots or leaves of particular plants eaten with the main course of the meal (PWMP: *qulam)
ulam-aneat something with the main course (PWMP: *qulam-an) *qulam
uláŋbarrier, barricade, bar (PMP: *qelaŋ)
Bikol (2840 / 2913)

úlinstern of a boat (PMP: *qulin)
ulítrepeat something, do something again, redo (PWMP: *ulit)
ulíʔreturn home; return something, give something back; be reconciled; change, the balance of money returned; rebate; be reversed in its flow (water in a stream, food after eating); regurgitate (PMP: *uliq₁)
uliʔ-ánsenile (PWMP: *uliq-an) *uliq₁
úlodworm, maggot (PMP: *qulej)
ulód-onbe infested with worms (PMP: *qulej-en) *qulej
ulóg-ulógto scorn, disdain; take someone's name in vain (PWMP: *ulug)
ulónrest the head on a pillow or similar object (PMP: *qulun₂)
uló-ulótadpole; mosquito larva (PAN: *qulu-qulu)
ult-ánthe distance between two things (PWMP: *qelet-an) *qeleC
ulún-anpillow, headrest (PMP: *qulun-an) *qulun₂
umálowland rice field; farm, field (PMP: *quma) *qumah
umáŋhermit crab (PAN: *qumaŋ)
úmaŋhand-me-downs, used clothes (PAN: *qumaŋ)
umbáwfilled to the brim (PMP: *umbaw)
únafirst (PMP: *unah)
unátstretch something; straighten something out (PPh: *uñat)
unat-ónstretched, straightened out (PPh: *uñat-en) *uñat
únostornado, whirlwind (PMP: *qunus)
unós-onbe struck by a tornado or whirlwind (PMP: *qunus)
Bikol (2860 / 2913)

untóthe upper front teeth (PMP: *quntu)
untólbounce, rebound (PWMP: *untul)
úŋaʔmooing, lowing of a cow (NOISE)
uŋísgrimace, snarl (ROOT)
uŋkátrecall, bring up or bring to mind the subject of something bad (such as a shameful or terrifying experience); reopen an old topic better forgotten (PWMP: *uŋkat)
uŋósthe snout or nose of animals (PWMP: *uŋus)
uŋóssnout, nose of animals (ROOT)
úpakthe bark of a particular tree used to put the finishing touches on boats; also used as a container for baking bread and referring as well to the bread baked in this way (PWMP: *upak₁)
upakapplaud for, clap for; hit or strike someone (PWMP: *upak₂)
upákto applaud, clap for (ROOT)
úpasabaca plant (PPH: *upas₂)
upá-úpabird sp. the size of a hen (PMP: *qupa)
upáwbald; shaved to baldness (PPH: *upaw)
úpawbald, shaved to baldness (NOISE)
upaʔthe pulpy residue remaining after chewing something to remove the juices (ROOT)
úpoŋa handful of rice stalks; rice stalks bundled by the handful (PAN: *qupuŋ)
urág-onlascivious, licentious; hot (sexually) (PPH: *urag)
uránrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
uran-onbe rained on (PAN: *quzan-en) *quzaN
úriŋcharcoal (usually referring to charcoal made from coconut shell) (PAN: *qujiŋ)
Bikol (2880 / 2913)

uríŋ-onmake charcoal from (PPh: *qujiŋ-en) *qujiŋ
uríponslave (PWMP: *qudipen)
ur-u-ult-analternating, staggered (PWMP: *qelet-an) *qeleC
usádeer (PWMP: *uRsa)
usŋáksnort (ROOT)
útaŋdebt, loan (PMP: *qutaŋ)
utáŋ-anbe in debt to; owe money to; ask for a loan from (PWMP: *qutaŋ-an) *qutaŋ
utáŋ-onbe in debt for (PWMP: *qutaŋ-en) *qutaŋ
utásdetach, remove; kill (PWMP: *qutas)
utóŋnipple (PWMP: *utuŋ)
utóʔterm used when calling small children (PWMP: *utuq)
uwákcrow, raven; the cawing sound made by these birds (PMP: *uak₁)
uwáytow a boat or raft across a stretch of water with dangerous currents (PAN: *quay)
uyan expression of surprise or admiration; also used in calling people who are nearby (PMP: *uy)
wagásgold dust (NOISE)
wagwágshake out (a rug, clothes to remove dust or lint) (PPh: *wagwág₂)
wakáslift the covering of something; uncover; lift someone's skirt (PMP: *wakas₁)
wakas-ánlift the covering of something; uncover (PPh: *wakas-án) *wakas₁
wákatroots of the mangrove tree (PMP: *wakat)
wakwákbird sp., said to walk for one month on one foot, and for the next month on the other (PAN: *wakwak)
Bikol (2900 / 2913)

walóeight (PAN: *walu)
waŋáwaŋwide open (as a door); be wide open (PPh: *waŋáwaŋ)
warákdissipate; scatter or strew; smudge or smear; get strewn around or scattered; get smudged or smeared (PPh: *warák)
wárasallot or give as a share; share with or among (PPh: *wáras)
wasíwasbrandish, wield; wave (as a flag) (PPh: *wasíwas)
waʔwhoa, said to stop a horse (NOISE)
wigwígshake excess water from; shake down a thermometer, shake a pen to see if it has ink in it; shake the penis after urinating; jiggle (PPh: *wigwíg)
wisik-ánto sprinkle water on (PPH: *wisik)
witíwitmechanical swing ride at a carnival (PAN: *witiwit)
yadyad-ána grater (PPH: *yadyad-án) *yadyád
yamyámblah-blah, incessant talk or chatter (PPH: *yamyám)
yapyap-ánto fan someone with a hand fan (PPH: *yapyap-an) *yapyáp
yaʔpítnarrow (as a passage), tight (as clothes) (ROOT)
yódoiodine (LOAN)
yukyókarmpit (PPH: *yekyek₁)
Bikol (Camarines Sur) (8) WMP
húnostithe, often paid in gold (PPH: *húnus) Camarines Sur
kahélcitrus fruit, similar to a grapefruit: Citrus aurantium (LOAN) Camarines Sur
ka-nagentive, genitive and oblique case marker for common nouns (Yamada and Tsuchida 1983) (PAN: *ka₃) Camarines Sur
laʔmáwmud puddle (NEAR) Camarines Sur
mag-timbónto live all in one house (three or four generations: parents, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren) (PWMP: *timbun) Camarines Sur
pálopole; mast (LOAN) Camarines Sur
sanominative case marker for plural personal names (PAN: *sa₁) Camarines Sur
sayótea species of vegetable, chayote, (Sechium edule) (LOAN) Camarines Sur

Bikol (East Miraya) (2) WMP
nagenitive of persons (plural) (PAN: *na₃) East Miraya
sakdu-ónto fetch water (as from a river, stream) (PPH: *sakedu-en) *sakedú East Miraya

Bikol (Miraya dialects) (2) WMP
mag-takómto cap, close tightly; to seal (PPH: *takem) Miraya dialects
nugenitive of common nouns, + referential ~ + past (PAN: *nu₃) Miraya dialects

Bikol (Naga) (2) WMP
ka-ŋudh-ányoungest child (PPH: *ka-ŋuhed-an) *ŋuhed Naga
nu-saróʔday after tomorrow (PAN: *nu-) Naga

Bikol Romblomanon (143) WMP. see: Romblomanon
Bilaan (Sarangani) (29) WMP (Reid 1971) [bps] (Blaan, Sarangani) Philippines
anithis (PAN: *qani₁) *qani Sarangani
anɨmweave a mat (PMP: *añem) Sarangani
buŋɨfruit (PMP: *buŋa) Sarangani
feʔetbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC Sarangani
fificheek (PMP: *pihpih) *piSpiS Sarangani
filɨhow many? (PAN: *pijax) Sarangani
fitakmud (PMP: *pitak₁) Sarangani
fitakmud (PPh: *pitek) Sarangani
gami1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami Sarangani
gamu2pl. nominative, you all (PMP: *kamu₂) *amu Sarangani
labatfence (PPH: *labat) Sarangani
lifanslave (PWMP: *qudipen) Sarangani
liŋɨhear (PWMP: *liŋa₂) Sarangani
lumaʔsheath for bolo (PAN: *Rumaq) Sarangani
lutayabaca (PPH: *qaRutay) Sarangani
maguto walk (PMP: *l<um>akaw) *lakaw Sarangani
ma-ʔfather (PMP: *ema-q) *ema₁ Sarangani
m-inithot (PPh: *ma-qinit) *qinit Sarangani
-om-subject focus, future tense (PMP: *<um>) *-um- Sarangani
silaʔlightning (PMP: *silaq) Sarangani
Bilaan (Sarangani) (20 / 29)

suludto push (PAN: *sulud₂) Sarangani
suludto push (PPH: *suRud) Sarangani
suʔalthorn (PAN: *suqaR) Sarangani
swatcomb (PMP: *suat₁) Sarangani
tadagto stand (PWMP: *ta(n)zeg) Sarangani
takadheel (PWMP: *taked₁) Sarangani
talirope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS Sarangani
t-waliyounger sibling, younger cousin (PMP: *ta-huaji) *Suaji Sarangani
uladsnake (PMP: *qulej) Sarangani

Bilaan (Koronadal) (28) WMP. see: Blaan
76. Bileki (1) OC
vasuforehead (POC: *pasu₂)
77. Biliau (24) OC
awa-mouth (POC: *qawa₂)
daʔalpath, road (POC: *jalan) *zalan
founew (PEMP: *baqoRu) *baqeRuh
fucough (POC: *pukuR)
limahand (PAN: *qalima)
loŋto hear (POC: *roŋoR) *deŋeR
luto vomit (PMP: *luaq)
mala-eye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
manbird (POC: *manuk)
massea (PCEMP: *maqasin) *qasiN
naluchild (PEMP: *natu)
ranwater (POC: *ranum) *daNum
rua-neck (POC: *Ruqa)
rua-gomtwo (POC: *rua) *duSa
talaŋa-ear (POC: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa
tama-father (PMP: *t-amax) *amax
-tanto plant (POC: *tanom) *CaNem
taʔanearth, soil (POC: *tanoq) *taneq
te maʔatto kill (POC: *mate) *aCay
tina-mother (PMP: *t-ina) *ina
Biliau (20 / 24)

tola-gomthree (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
utlouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
waʔarrope (POC: *waRoc) *waRej
yaŋwind (POC: *aŋin) *haŋin
78. Bilibil (1) OC [brz] (Bilbil) Papua New Guinea
varia few days back (POC: *waRi₂)
79. Bilur (1) OC
parakto split wood (POC: *pwalaq)
80. Bimanese (322) CMP (Sahidu 1978, Ismail et al. 1985) [bhp] (Bima) Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
abafather (used only within the family circle) (PAN: *aba₁)
adaslave, servant; I (PMP: *qaRta)
adeliver, inner part; inside; want, wish, desire (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
ade eɗisole of the foot/leg (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
ade rimapalm of the hand (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
afifire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
(afi) ndarufirefly (PMP: *dalu₁)
afioopium (LOAN)
afuchalk, lime (PAN: *qapuR)
afu mama kailime used in betel chew (PAN: *qapuR)
agamareligion (LOAN)
aiexclamation (PAN: *ai₂)
ajoexclamation to incite someone to action (LOAN)
akawits, intelligence (LOAN)
amafather (PAN: *amax)
amagood works, spiritually meritorious deeds (LOAN)
ambaambergris; jewel (LOAN)
amuroot (PMP: *Ramut₁)
anachild; anything that is small (PMP: *anak) *aNak
ana bedibullet (PMP: *anak i sumpit) *aNak
Bimanese (20 / 322)

ana cempeadopted child (PMP: *anak) *aNak
ana kalobanana sprout, young banana tree (PMP: *anak i kahiw) *aNak
anetermite, white ant (PAN: *aNay)
aŋaopen wide (mouth) (PMP: *aŋaq)
aŋaopen wide (mouth) (PMP: *Raŋa₁)
aŋiwind (PMP: *haŋin)
apinarrow; pinch, squeeze; bamboo, etc. which is interwoven horizontally in a fence (PMP: *qapit) *qapiC
apucloud, fog, obscuring mist (PMP: *hapun₁) *hapun
araforest, jungle (PMP: *halas) *Salas
aradistilled liquor, rice wine (LOAN)
ariyounger sibling (PCEMP: *waji) *Suaji
(ari) luaoutside (PMP: *luqar)
arucurrent (PMP: *qaluR₂) *qaluR
arupestle (PMP: *qahelu) *qaSelu
asaIslamic prayer time, around 4 P.M. (LOAN)
asaorigin, cause, reason (LOAN)
asipress, squeeze (PMP: *hasek₂)
asi anapress, squeeze, as in giving birth (PMP: *hasek₂)
atino, not; negative marker (PMP: *ati₁)
atisword grass: Imperata cylindrica (PMP: *qatep)
Bimanese (40 / 322)

awecall by beckoning with the hand (PMP: *away₁)
awi(na)yesterday (PMP: *Rabiqi)
awuash, remainder of something that has been burnt; hearth (PMP: *qabu)
babafather (PMP: *baba₂)
babuhouse servant (LOAN)
ɓajiwedge (LOAN)
banagoose (LOAN)
ɓecadampen, make wet (PMP: *besaq)
ɓeca wekibathe, wash oneself (PMP: *besaq)
βelafriend (LOAN)
βesiiron (LOAN)
ɓetiflick with the finger; tap the fingers (PAN: *betik₁) *betik
ɓiɓitremble (as from fear) (PMP: *berber₂)
ɓiɓitremble, shake (as from fear) (PAN: *birbir₂)
βiβitremble from fear (NOISE)
ɓicaraspokesperson; affair, official matter (LOAN)
ɓilacount (PAN: *bilaŋ₁)
ɓiliroom (PMP: *bilik)
βinderaflag (LOAN)
biŋgirim, edge, border (NOISE)
Bimanese (60 / 322)

ɓiŋguadze; smoothe a plank with an adze (PMP: *biŋkuŋ)
ɓiŋkacake (LOAN)
βisahaving magical power; clever (LOAN)
ɓiʔasplit in two; split apart (PMP: *biqak)
biʔato split in two, split apart (PMP: *biqaŋ₃) *biqaŋ₂
bodomosque drum (LOAN)
ɓounew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
βua urait is raining; rain falls (PMP: *quzan buaq) *quzaN
bubujellyfish (PAN: *bubuR₁)
ɓuispray, sprinkle (PCEMP: *buqi₂)
buijail (LOAN)
βumbuspices, condiments, seasoning (LOAN)
ɓuntibride, bridegroom (LOAN)
βuntibride, bridegroom (NOISE)
ɓuŋaflower, blossom; blossom of the areca palm; interest on a loan (PMP: *buŋa)
ɓurawhite (PMP: *budaq₃)
ɓurawhite (PMP: *bulaR₂)
βurarice which is wrapped in a young banana leaf and cooked (LOAN)
βurawhite (NOISE)
ɓura ɓaraextremely white (PMP: *budaq₃)
Bimanese (80 / 322)

ɓuriscrewpine, pandanus spp. (PMP: *buri₁)
caucomb (PMP: *saRu₁)
cicifill by stuffing forcefully in (as in pressing kapok into a pillow) (PAN: *seksek₁)
civinine (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa
dahufear; afraid (PAN: *takut)
dahuto fear, be afraid (PAN: *ma-takut) *takut
danaearth, soil, land (PMP: *taneq)
dauindigo plant (PMP: *taRum)
ɗeninear (PMP: *adani)
dimucucumber (PMP: *qatimun)
ɗindiinner and outer walls of house; dividing curtain (PCMP: *dindiŋ₁) *diŋdiŋ₁
dipimat (PMP: *depen)
dipimat (PMP: *tepiR)
doluegg (PMP: *qateluR)
doluegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
dolu-be, dolu wudutesticle (PMP: *qateluR)
dolu wudutesticle (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
dou ɓuraEuropean, Caucasian (PMP: *budaq₃)
dou ɓuraa white person, European (PMP: *bulaR₂)
ɗoʔofar (PMP: *zauq)
Bimanese (100 / 322)

ɗuatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
duafish poison; to poison fish (PAN: *tubah)
dudublunt, of a blade (cp. dampa 'blunt, of a tip') (PMP: *tultul)
dumpupiece; remainder (PMP: *tu(m)pus)
dumpu roŋkocigarette butt (PMP: *tu(m)pus)
dunakind of large eel (PMP: *tuna) *tuNa
faistingray (PCEMP: *paRi) *paRiS
fakukind of fern eaten as a vegetable (PWMP: *paku) *paheku
farerice plant, rice in the field (PAN: *pajay)
firiharsh-tasting, acid, tart (PMP: *apeled)
fonugreen turtle, Chelonia mydas (PMP: *peñu)
fuʔutree; base, foundation; capital (in trade or business) (PMP: *puqun)
fuʔu ŋgahitopic of conversation (PMP: *puqun)
giricross-eyed, squinting (ROOT)
h-adekill; extinguish (a fire) (PAN: *ka-aCay) *aCay
hajuwood (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw
havifishhook (PAN: *kawil₁)
hudulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
huriskin (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC
iaexclamation expressing agreement (PAN: *qia)
Bimanese (120 / 322)

idaexclamation of pain (PMP: *inda₁)
ilaopen the eyes (PMP: *hilat)
ilotorch (PMP: *qilaw)
inaM (PCEMP: *ina)
ina rimathumb (PMP: *ina ni lima) *ina
ini-m-purusixty (PMP: *enem ŋa puluq) *enem
intadiamond (LOAN)
ipaacross, on the opposite side (PMP: *hipaR₂) *SipaR
isicontents; seed (PAN: *isi₅)
isoshout to chase off chicken (PMP: *isu₂)
iwafriend; close relative (PMP: *ibah-an) *ibaS
iwaput in the lap (PMP: *iwaq)
iwaput in the lap (PMP: *iwa)
iʔacurse (NOISE)
jarahorse (LOAN)
ka-dahuto frighten (PMP: *ka-takut) *takut
kalub^udust, ashes (ROOT)
kanaricanarium almond (PMP: *kanari)
kaoto scratch (as when itchy) (PAN: *kaRaw₁)
karavorat, mouse (PCEMP: *kalabaw)
Bimanese (140 / 322)

ka-riŋato inform, give news of (PMP: *deŋeR)
kawewave the hand; call by waving the hand (PMP: *kaway₁)
kiɗito stand (PMP: *kedeŋ)
kilalightning (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaC
kiŋgilittle finger (PMP: *kiŋkiŋ₃)
kuʔileft (side) (PAN: *ka-wiRi) *wiRi
lampawalk (PMP: *lampaq)
lampawalk (PMP: *lampaŋ)
laŋisky; canopy of a stage (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
lekaforce open (PMP: *le(ŋ)kaq)
lembacarry on the shoulder (LOAN)
limafive (PAN: *lima)
lima-m-purufifty (PMP: *lima ŋa puluq) *lima
linosmooth, shiny (PMP: *nilaw)
lipito fold (PMP: *lepet₂)
lirosun (PMP: *qalejaw)
madaraw, not cooked (PMP: *ma-hataq) *hataq
madaeye; source (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mada kaleʔa‘eye’ of a coconut (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mada lirosun (‘eye of the day’) (PAN: *mata nu qalejaw) *maCa
Bimanese (160 / 322)

mada oispring, well (PMP: *mata nu wahiR) *maCa
mada rihacentral part of the hearth (‘eye of the hearth’) (PMP: *mata) *maCa
m-adekill; die out (of a fire) (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay
maito come; Come on! Let’s go! (PAN: *um-ai) *ai₃
majashy, ashamed (PCEMP: *ma-mayaq) *Seyaq
mamato chew betel (PMP: *mamaq)
m-aŋodry (PCEMP: *ma-Raŋu) *Raŋu
m-aŋodry (PCEMP: *Raŋaw₂)
mavudrunk (PMP: *ma-buhuk) *buSuk
ma-wayawn (PCEMP: *mawab) *Suab
mbairotten (PCEMP: *baRi) *baRiw
mbajuto pound, pound rice (PAN: *bayu)
mbéʔégoat (LOAN)
mbocufull after eating (PAN: *ma-besuR) *besuR
mbora akaconfused, losing one’s wits, not understanding (LOAN)
mboto akaclever, sharp-witted, brainy (LOAN)
mbudablind (PAN: *ma-buCa) *buCa
minapetroleum, coconut oil (PMP: *miñak)
m-oriliving, alive (PMP: *ma-qudip) *qudip
mori ro wokothe endeavors of the farmer, what is planted (PMP: *ma-qudip) *qudip
Bimanese (180 / 322)

m-otisea (PMP: *ma-qeti) *qeti₁
nahuI (older person speaking to younger one: coarse, or non-respect form) (PMP: *ni aku) *aku
nami1pl excl., we (PAN: *n-ami) *ami
naŋamouth of a river (PCEMP: *naŋa₃) *binaŋa
naŋito weep, cry (PMP: *ma-naŋis) *Caŋis
naratree from which the aŋsana wood comes (Pterocarpus indicus) (PMP: *nara)
narulong (of objects) (PMP: *anaduq)
nawasoul (PCEMP: *ñawa) *NiSawa
ndanolake (PAN: *danaw)
nda tawe, us (incl.) (PAN: *ita₁)
n-daʔato bleed (PAN: *daRaq)
ndaʔuneedle; to sew (PAN: *zaRum)
nifidream (PCEMP: *nipi) *Sipi
ninushadow; reflection (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
nipithin (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis
nonodrink, swallow (PMP: *ñepñep)
nonoto drink (PCEMP: *ñopñop)
nonua tree of which the root’s bark gives a red dye: Morinda spp. (Ismail, Azis, Yakub, Taufik H. and Usman (1985), where this word is said to correspond in meaning to Bahasa Indonesia mengkudu) (PCEMP: *ñəñu)
ntarastar (PMP: *talaq₁)
numpupulverize (ROOT)
Bimanese (200 / 322)

ŋarakind of small duck that lays numerous eggs (PMP: *ŋaRaq)
ŋaraname (PMP: *ŋajan)
ŋarito dig (PMP: *ma-ŋali) *kalih
ŋgadusend (PMP: *katu) *kaCu
ŋgumbuheaped up (ROOT)
ŋ-oncosour (PMP: *ma-qe(n)sem) *qe(n)sem
oexclamation of surprise (PMP: *qu₁)
oiwater (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR
oi madatears (‘water of the eyes’) (PMP: *mata) *maCa
oi susumilk (breast water) (PAN: *susu₁)
okobow the head (PMP: *eŋkel)
omacultivated field (PMP: *quma) *qumah
omaswidden (NOISE)
ombodam a stream (PMP: *embeŋ)
omohold something in the mouth (PAN: *qemqem)
ompugrandparent, respected person, village headman; grandson (PMP: *empu)
oʔobamboo (PMP: *qauR)
pahuface (PAN: *pasu₁)
pakunail (LOAN)
pampatree with useful wood: Vitex pubescens (PMP: *pa(m)pa)
Bimanese (220 / 322)

panibait (PCEMP: *paniŋ)
panihibat (PMP: *paniki)
paʔibitter (as taste); difficult (as one’s life) (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC
piduseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
piso wokupen knife (PMP: *bekuk)
raka wa wura naits month has arrived = she is almost ready to give birth (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
rapuclosely spaced; nearby; jammed fast between two objects (PMP: *dapet)
raʔablood (PAN: *daRaq)
reaginger, Zingiber officinale (PMP: *laqia)
ridakind of large shade tree: Alstonia scholaris (PMP: *ditaq)
rinospecies of forest tree (PMP: *qanilaw)
riŋahear (PMP: *diŋa)
riŋato hear (PMP: *deŋeR)
riʔipost (PCEMP: *adiRi) *SadiRi
riʔi umahouse post (PCEMP: *adiRi) *SadiRi
roʔoleaf (PCEMP: *daun) *dahun
rusupierce, stab (PMP: *rusuk)
sagusago, edible palm pith (PMP: *sagu₁)
salaerror, mistake (PMP: *salaq₁)
sa-m-puruten (PMP: *sa-ŋa-puluq) *puluq
Bimanese (240 / 322)

sa-ninumirror (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
saŋaforking, bifurcation; branch of a tree (PMP: *saŋa₁)
sa-ratuone hundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus
sarifloor (of bamboo) (PMP: *saleR)
sa-uaten duit (LOAN)
sawasnake (PMP: *sawa)
sia3sg. (PAN: *si ia₁) *ia₁
siasalt (PAN: *qasiRa)
si-a3sg subject, object and possessor (PAN: *si₁)
sia mpidafine salt (PAN: *qasiRa)
sia naʔecoarse salt (PAN: *qasiRa)
sumpiblowpipe; shoot with a blowpipe (PMP: *sumpit)
susufemale breast (PAN: *susu₁)
taŋgathe Indian cork tree: Millingtonia hortensis (PMP: *taŋga₂)
taracockspur (PMP: *tada)
taracockspur (PMP: *tara)
tarirope (for bit or bridle of horse) (PMP: *talih) *CaliS
ta-tuʔuknee (probably < *tuta ‘head’ + *tuhud) (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS
taʔito defecate; feces, filth (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
taʔi aŋitype of cloud (PMP: *taqi nu haŋin) *Caqi
Bimanese (260 / 322)

taʔi garagajisawdust (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
taʔi larumole, beauty spot (PMP: *taqi nu lalej) *Caqi
toluthree (PAN: *telu)
tolu-ua, tolu-wa25 cents (LOAN)
topato slap (PMP: *tepak₁)
tuaold (of people and things) (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS
tuɓato lance, pierce with a lance or similar sharp weapon; stab (PCMP: *tubak)
turuto point out, indicate (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
turu douindex finger (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
uaFeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ (PMP: *uaʔ)
uaFeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ (PMP: *ua₂)
uaarchaic monetary unit (LOAN)
ubu-ubujellyfish (LOAN)
ufaloan, salary (PMP: *upaq)
ufito blow (PCEMP: *upi)
ukito carve (PMP: *ukir)
ukuto measure (LOAN)
ulipry up with a bar (PCMP: *uli)
uluearlier, before (PCEMP: *qulu) *quluh
umafather (address by someone of the same group) (PMP: *ema₁)
Bimanese (280 / 322)

umbuheap or pile up (PMP: *hubun₂)
umuage (LOAN)
upafour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
urarain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
uruhead; hilt, as of a sword (PCEMP: *qulu) *quluh
urucollection, group (PMP: *quruŋ)
uwiyam (PMP: *qubi)
vaʔigrandmother (PAN: *baqi)
viraspread out, unfold (as a mat) (PMP: *bekelaj)
wadustone (PMP: *batu) *batux
waliagain, once more (PMP: *baliw₂)
wanaright side (PMP: *wanan) *wanaN
waŋgathigh (PMP: *waŋkaŋ)
warahave; wealthy (PMP: *wada)
warireversal, going back (PMP: *balik₂)
warosmallpox (LOAN)
waroancestors (either sex) (NOISE)
warueight (PAN: *walu)
waru-m-purueighty (PMP: *walu ŋa puluq) *walu
wawalower oneself, stand so as to make oneself lower than another (PMP: *babaq₁)
Bimanese (300 / 322)

wawipig (PAN: *babuy₃)
wawopeak, summit; on top of (PAN: *babaw₃)
weseoar, paddle; to row, to paddle (PMP: *beRsay)
wiakind of taro which causes strong itching (PMP: *biRaq₁)
wikaopen something that is closed tight, as in using the hand to open someone's closed eyes (PMP: *bikaq₁)
wikua fold; to fold (PMP: *biŋku)
wilatree which yields a fruit with sticky sap that can be used as glue and to stiffen cloth (PMP: *bila₁)
wisicalf of the leg (PMP: *bities)
witimillet (PMP: *beteŋ₁) *beCeŋ
wiwilip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR
wokufold; to fold (PMP: *bekuk)
wotuexplode (PMP: *betu₂)
wouodor; to smell (PMP: *bahu)
wuafruit, contents (PMP: *buaq)
wua foʔomango (PMP: *buaq)
wudupenis (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq
wuramoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
wuriear of grain (PMP: *buliR)
wurupubic hair (PCEMP: *bulu₁)
wuwua tall forest tree: Sterculia foetida (PMP: *bubuR₃)
Bimanese (320 / 322)

wuwukind of banyan tree (NOISE)
wuʔuenvious, jealous (PCEMP: *buRu₂) *buRehuʔ
Binongan Itneg (18) WMP. see: Itneg (Binongan)
81. Bintulu (289) WMP (Blust n.d. (1971)) [bny] (Bintulu ) Malaysia (Sarawak)
ãno, not (PWMP: *aqa)
agəmhand (PWMP: *agem₁)
aifoot (PAN: *qaqay)
akəw1sg. nominative and accusative pronoun: I, me (PAN: *aku)
akitraft (PMP: *Rakit)
alaŋcross-beam in a house (PWMP: *qalaŋ)
aludboat (PWMP: *alud)
ambunfog (PWMP: *ambun)
amutsmall or fine roots, fibrous roots (PMP: *Ramut₁)
anakchild; dependent part (PMP: *anak) *aNak
anak ivanchild-in-law (PMP: *ibah-an) *ibaS
anak kəjanrung of a ladder (PWMP: *anak i haRezan) *aNak
anak m-ənak-ənsibling's child (PWMP: *kam-anak-en) *aNak
añamweaving (PMP: *añam)
anaytermite, white ant (PAN: *aNay)
a-nəwthing mentioned, whatchamacallit (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁
a-nəw inəhwhat? (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁
a-nəw nasəkclothing (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁
anəw n-asəkclothing (lit. ‘thing that is squeezed into’) (PMP: *hasek₂)
asaŋgills (PMP: *hasaŋ)
Bintulu (20 / 289)

asəwdog (PAN: *asu₁)
asəʔto whet, sharpen (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq
ataŋblocking, obstructing (PWMP: *ataŋ₁)
atədcommand, order (PMP: *hateD) *SateD
avəwashes, dust (PMP: *qabu)
avuksawdust (PMP: *qabuk)
azəhbig, wide (PAN: *Raya)
batwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
bakəhlarge root, vine (used as a substitute for ñipa ‘snake’ when one is in the jungle, out of fear that use of the word ñipa will attract snakes) (PMP: *wakaR)
bakulbasket (PWMP: *bakul₁) *bakul
balakbanana (NEAR)
baləs ɗawsupernatural storm precipitated by mockery of animals (lit. ‘retaliate day’) (PAN: *bales₁)
banahusband (PMP: *banah) *baNaS
banduldoorsill (LOAN)
basəʔwet (PMP: *baseq)
bataŋlog (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
batəwstone (PMP: *batu) *batux
batukneck (PWMP: *batuk₂)
bauywind (PAN: *baRiuS)
bayrattan (PAN: *quay)
Bintulu (40 / 289)

bazacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)
ɓaʔwater (PMP: *bahaq₂) *baSaq
ɓaʔmouth (PMP: *bahaq₁) *bahaq
bəbaŋthe Malayan honey bear: Ursus malayanus (PWMP: *baRuaŋ)
(bə)batlong (PWMP: *abuat)
bə-daləwto quarrel (PWMP: *dalu₂)
bəDilfirecrackers (LOAN)
bəDukdrum used to call people to prayer (LOAN)
bəɗuksmall gray long-tailed monkey (LOAN)
bə-julaʔto spit (PWMP: *zulaq)
bə-kilatto shine, glitter (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaC
bəkulsnail (PMP: *bekul₂)
bəkulsnail (ROOT)
bəkuʔfrozen (LOAN)
-bəlasformative for numerals from 11-19 (LOAN)
bələybuying (PMP: *beli)
bə-ñucoconut (PMP: *niuR)
bə-tabato laugh (PMP: *tawa₁) *Cawa
bikukbent, winding, crooked (PMP: *biŋkuk)
binataŋanimal (LOAN)
Bintulu (60 / 289)

biruʔblue (LOAN)
bitaŋstar (LOAN)
bivimouth (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR
ɓukhead hair (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS
bukəwnode, joint (PMP: *bukuh)
bulanmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
buləwbody hair, downy feathers (PMP: *bulu₁)
buləw manukfeather (PMP: *bulu ni manuk) *bulu₁
buluʔbamboo (generic) (PAN: *buluq₂)
buŋaflower (PMP: *buŋa)
buŋa batəwcoral (PMP: *buŋa na batu) *buŋa
buvəwconical bamboo fish trap (PAN: *bubu₂)
buvujellyfish (PAN: *bubuR₁)
buvuŋthe highest part of the roof of a house (point or ridge) (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
daləmdeep (PMP: *dalem)
daləwa quarrel (PWMP: *dalu₂)
ɗawday (PMP: *qalejaw)
dəzaʔgood (PMP: *diqaq)
dəzaʔgood (NOISE)
d-iəʔhere (PWMP: *di-ieq) *ieq
Bintulu (80 / 289)

d-inəhthere (location) (PMP: *i-na) *-na
d-irəythere (location) (PMP: *i-di) *-di
əmbəkhit, as a dog with a stick (PWMP: *he(m)bek)
ənəmsix (PAN: *enem)
gaɗuŋgreen (LOAN)
gagaka bird, the crow (PWMP: *gakgak)
gatuʔfall (ROOT)
gəgətclothes moth (PWMP: *getget₁)
guməymoustache, antennae of shrimp (PMP: *gumi)
gutiŋscissors (LOAN)
iəʔthis (PMP: *ieq)
i-kaw2sg., you/thou (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu
ikəda cough (PWMP: *ikej)
ikəttying (PMP: *hiket) *Siket
ikuytail (PAN: *ikuR)
inəhthat (3p) (PMP: *i-na) *-na
ipakbranch of a river (PWMP: *ipak₂)
irəythat (2p) (PMP: *i-di) *-di
isa3sg. (PAN: *si ia₁) *ia₁
ivanparent-in-law (PMP: *ibah-an) *ibaS
Bintulu (100 / 289)

jauʔfar (PMP: *zauq)
jaʔitsewing; sew (imper.) (PMP: *zaqit)
jəlaykind of cultivated plant (PMP: *zelay)
jəlaʔtongue (PWMP: *zelaq)
kalatthick rope used to control the direction of fall when felling a coconut tree (PWMP: *kalat)
kananjar (PAN: *kaen-an) *kaen
kaŋto open (NOISE)
kazəwwood (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
kəblid; to cover (imper.) (PMP: *e(ŋ)keb)
k-əjannotched log ladder (PMP: *ezan)
kəjəp kəjəpto flicker, of a fire (PWMP: *kezep)
kələmnight (PAN: *kelem)
kə-mamauncle (mother’s brother, father’s brother) (PMP: *mama) *mamah
kəmatəkleech (PWMP: *kali-matek) *-matek
k<əm>əjəpto blink (PWMP: *kezep)
-kəw1sg genitive pronoun (marker of non-subject agency and possession) (PAN: *-ku)
kilatlightning (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaC
kukutdig (PWMP: *kutkut₁)
kulitskin, bark (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC
kutəwlouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
Bintulu (120 / 289)

lakawto walk (PMP: *lakaw)
laŋitsky (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
latiʔriverbank (PWMP: *latiq)
laudtoward the sea; outside (PAN: *lahud)
lazəhsail (PAN: *layaR)
ləɓiʔextra, excess (PMP: *lebiq)
ləkətadhesive, sticky (PWMP: *leket)
ləzaginger (PMP: *laqia)
liɓuna man’s or woman’s sarong (NOISE)
likudback (PAN: *likud)
limafive (PAN: *lima)
luludshin (PAN: *luluj)
luvaŋhole (PMP: *lubaŋ₁)
m-añamto weave (PWMP: *ma-añam) *añam
manaymale (PMP: *ma-Ruqanay) *RuqaNay
manukbird (PMP: *manuk)
masgold (LOAN)
mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mata ɗawsun (‘eye of the day’) (PAN: *mata nu qalejaw) *maCa
m-ataŋstop someone by blocking the way (PWMP: *ataŋ₁)
Bintulu (140 / 289)

mavukdrunk, intoxicated (PMP: *ma-buhuk) *buSuk
may likudbehind (PAN: *likud)
mə-kapanthick (of objects) (PWMP: *ma-kapal) *kaS(e)pal
mə-kapanthick (PWMP: *ma-kapal) *kapal
m-əkəbclose by covering with something, as a bowl, etc. (PMP: *e(ŋ)keb)
mə-kəliʔto itch (LOAN)
mə-laʔəwhungry (PWMP: *laqu)
mə-ləkətto stick, adhere (PWMP: *leket)
mə-ləw1pl. excl., we (3 or more), us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami
mə-mawto smell, have an odor (PMP: *bahu)
məməssqueeze (PAN: *mesmes)
məməsto squeeze (PWMP: *ma-meRes) *peRes
mənhold (PWMP: *hemel)
mənaŋadownriver; mouth of a river (PMP: *minaŋa)
mə-nəlulay an egg (PWMP: *maŋ-qateluR) *qateluR
mə-nəlulay an egg (PWMP: *mag-qiteluR) *qiCeluR
mə-nujuʔto point at (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
mə-nutəwto hit, beat with fist or stick (PWMP: *ma-nutu) *tutuh
mə-ŋajəndull, blunt (PWMP: *ma-ŋazel) *ŋazel
məŋ-avəwcover with ashes (PWMP: *maŋ-qabu) *qabu
Bintulu (160 / 289)

məŋ-əmənhold, catch (PWMP: *hemel)
məŋ-ulinsteer a boat (PWMP: *maŋ-qulin) *qulin
məŋ-urəwpull up grass, pull weeds (PAN: *udu)
mə-rarəmshiver (PAN: *ma-dajem) *dajem
mərəwto hunt, go hunting (LOAN)
mə-riəyto stand (PMP: *ma-diRi) *diRi
m-əsəmsour (PMP: *ma-qe(n)sem) *qe(n)sem
məzaʔshy, ashamed (PMP: *ma-heyaq) *Seyaq
m-ikətto tie (PWMP: *h<um>iket) *Siket
mitəkto tickle (< *k<əm>itək) (PWMP: *kitek)
m-itəmblack (PMP: *ma-qitem) *qitem
m-uripliving, alive (PMP: *ma-qudip) *qudip
mutunto break off (something) (PMP: *putul) *putun
-ña3sg. agent and possessor (PAN: *ni-a) *-a₂
-ña3sg. agent and possessor; by him/her, his, her, hers (PAN: *ni-ia) *ia₁
nanəʔpus (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
napfish scale (PMP: *enap)
nasəkclothing (ROOT)
n-atədbe ordered (PWMP: *h<in>ateD) *SateD
-nəw2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb (PWMP: *nu₂)
Bintulu (180 / 289)

-nəw2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb (PAN: *-nu₂)
ñipasnake (PMP: *anipa)
ñipəntooth (PAN: *nipen)
nupəya dream; to dream (PWMP: *nupi)
paɗawsailing (PWMP: *padaw)
paistingray (PMP: *paRih) *paRiS
paliʔwound (PWMP: *paliq₂)
pasəkenter (PAN: *pacek)
patfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
pa-vawcold, of hot food that has gotten cold (PMP: *bahaw) *baSaw
paʔitbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC
pəɗəssick, seriously ill (PMP: *hapejes)
pəɗiʔhot (of the sun, water) (PMP: *hapejiq) *Sapejiq
p-əmənwrestling (PWMP: *hemel)
pəsaʔbroken or cracked into several large pieces, as an egg (PMP: *peceq₂) *peceq
pəsitblind (PWMP: *pesit)
p-ikədto cough (PWMP: *ikej)
p<in>a-causative (perfective) (PWMP: *p<in>a-) *pa-₂
pulutsticky substance; latex (PMP: *pulut)
pulut manukbirdlime (PMP: *pulut)
Bintulu (200 / 289)

puluʔten (in multiples of ten) (PAN: *puluq₁) *puluq
punaykind of wild dove (PAN: *punay)
pusədnavel (PMP: *pusej)
putflatulence (PWMP: *put₁) *put
p-utaʔto vomit (PAN: *pa-utaq) *utaq
puʔ-ənten (PWMP: *puluq-en) *puluq
puʔunbase of a tree (PMP: *puqun)
puʔun kazəwtree (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
puʔun kazəwtree (PMP: *puqun)
ratsea, ocean (PMP: *daRat)
razatoward the interior, away from the sea (PAN: *daya)
raʔblood (PAN: *daRaq)
raʔunleaf (PMP: *dahun)
rəpafathom (PAN: *depah)
ripənslave (PWMP: *qudipen)
ruəythorn (PMP: *duRi)
rurisslice (ROOT)
sabawife (PAN: *qasawa)
sakaywith; friend (PMP: *sakay₁)
sakaywith; friend, companion (PWMP: *sakay₃)
Bintulu (220 / 289)

sapawroof (PAN: *sapaw)
sapaw raʔunroof thatch (PAN: *sapaw)
saywho? (PMP: *sai)
səɗəmdark (PWMP: *sedem)
sə-kabithook at the end of a fruiting pole (PAN: *kabit₁)
səmkind of sour fruit obtained from a thorny palm tree (PWMP: *esem)
səmkind of sour fruit (PMP: *qe(n)sem)
səmkind of sour fruit obtained from a thorny palm tree (PWMP: *qalesem)
səputblowpipe (PWMP: *seput)
siɗəkinhale (PWMP: *si(n)dek)
sikəwelbow (PAN: *sikux)
surudcomb (PWMP: *sujud)
tabalaughing (PMP: *tawa₁) *Cawa
taləyrope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS
tamafather (PMP: *t-amax) *amax
tanəʔearth, soil (PMP: *taneq)
t-arəyyounger sibling (PMP: *ta-huaji) *Suaji
tashardwood tree, ironwood (PMP: *teRas)
taʔəwright side (PMP: *taqu₁) *taqu
taʔəyrust, rusty (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
Bintulu (240 / 289)

taʔunyear (PMP: *taqun)
təɓəwsugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
təkaelder sibling (PMP: *teka₂)
tələwthree (PAN: *telu)
təliŋaear (PMP: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa
təluegg (PMP: *qateluR)
təluegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
təməlabedbug (PAN: *qatimela)
t-əpəwgrandparent (PMP: *empu)
t-əpəwgrandparent (PMP: *t-empu) *empu
tətəkgecko, house lizard (PAN: *tektek₂)
tətəkcutting, chopping, hacking (PAN: *tektek₁)
tə-vawhaving a bad smell (PMP: *bahu)
tiɗusspoon (PWMP: *tidus)
tinaM (PMP: *t-ina) *ina
t-inəhthere (direction) (PMP: *i-na) *-na
titiʔfemale breast (PMP: *titiq)
t-rəythere (direction) (PMP: *i-di) *-di
tujuʔseven; pointing (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)
Bintulu (260 / 289)

tuluŋto help, assist (PMP: *tuluŋ)
t-um-bəkto stab (PAN: *t<um>ebek) *tebek
tumidheel (PWMP: *tumid)
turuʔleak in the roof (PAN: *tuduq)
tutəkto cut, chop, hack (PAN: *t<um>əktək) *tektek₁
tutəwhitting, beating with fist or stick (PAN: *tutuh)
tuvafish poison, Derris elliptica (PAN: *tubah)
uatvein, blood vessel (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC
uɓatmedicine (LOAN)
ujanrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
ulədmaggot, caterpillar (PMP: *qulej)
uləd anaytermite (PMP: *qulej)
uləwhead; handle (of a bush knife) (PMP: *qulu) *quluh
ulinrudder of a boat (PMP: *qulin)
ulunperson, human being (PMP: *qulun₁)
umaʔhouse (PAN: *Rumaq)
upanbait (PMP: *qumpan)
urəwgrass, weeds (PAN: *udu)
uriplife (PAN: *qudip₁) *qudip
uruŋnose (PAN: *ujuŋ)
Bintulu (280 / 289)

usukchest (anat.) (PAN: *Rusuk)
utaʔvomit (PAN: *utaq)
uzutsmall carrying container used mostly by women to hold fish or small prawns while fishing in the river (PWMP: *uyut₁)
vaember (PMP: *baRah)
vashusked rice (PMP: *beRas)
vatheavy (PMP: *beReqat)
vawnew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
vawstench (PMP: *bahu)
vaʔswollen (PAN: *baReq)
82. Binukid (645) WMP (Post and Gardner 1992) [bkd] Philippines
a-bughushow jealousy, anger, be jealous of (a loved one) (PMP: *buRehuʔ)
a-bughuto show jealous anger (PMP: *buR(e)hu)
agato be early; to do something early (PPH: *ága)
agakfor the male of a fowl to mate with the female (PMP: *aRak)
agakfor the male of a fowl to mate with the female (NEAR)
agasa tree: Aporosa sphaeridophora Merr. (Madulid 2001) (PWMP: *agas)
agawgrab, seize, snatch, take (something) away from (someone) (PAN: *qaRaw)
ag-bahan-ento sneeze (PPH: *bahén)
ag-batu-wenbe stoned by someone (PWMP: *batu-en) *batux
ag-ka-kiliŋto lean, tilt to one side (PMP: *kiliŋ)
agusfor poison, etc. to spread through (a body of water) (PMP: *qaRus)
aladfence; enclosure (for animals); put a fence around an area, enclose an area with a fence, fence something in (PAN: *qalad)
alagadone who serves (as an official, church leader, etc.); employee; to serve; to work as an employee (LOAN)
alambriwire (LOAN)
alaŋ-alaŋsomewhat, but not quite; not up to a certain level; to be not quite (as fruit that isn’t yet ripe enough to eat) (PWMP: *alaŋ-alaŋ₁) *alaŋ-alaŋ
alimahand; forearm including the hand (PAN: *qa-lima) *lima
alimahand; forearm including the hand (PAN: *qalima)
amayfather, vocative. Term of address for one's father (PMP: *ama-i) *amax
amay-amaystepfather (PWMP: *ama ama) *amax
anadto accustom, familiarize someone or oneself to something by use or habit; to be accustomed, used to (PPH: *anad)
Binukid (20 / 645)

andasframe of bamboo slats which is laid in the grave on which a corpse is placed; to place a corpse on a frame of bamboo slats (in the grave) (LOAN)
aŋhudterm of address for one's younger sibling (PWMP: *aŋ(e)hud)
aŋkasto ride together with someone; to have someone ride with one; for more than one person to ride on something (PPH: *aŋkás)
asinsalt (PAN: *qasiN)
ayunto be parallel with (something); to line up (something) parallel with or to (something else); to be convenient, agreeable with (the purpose or wishes of someone, etc.) (PPH: *áyun)
bahagtrousers, pants, slacks (PMP: *bahaR)
bahawleftover food; lunch, food taken along with one; for food to cool off; fig., for one’s emotions or an emotional situation to cool down, be pacified (PMP: *bahaw) *baSaw
bahihuman female; woman, girl (PMP: *bahi)
bahugfeed something to a domestic animal (as a pig) (PWMP: *bahuR)
bakbakgeneric for frog or toad (PPH: *bakbak₃)
balagengeneric for rattan (PWMP: *balaRen)
balaŋ-kawitanrooster, cock (PPH: *kawitan)
bálaʔto divine, discover something by means of divination (PMP: *bajaq₂) *bajaq
bal-balaŋ-kawitancockerel, young rooster (PPH: *kawitan)
bantug-anfamous, renowned, well-known (PPH: *bantug)
baŋilto prop something up (PPH: *baŋil)
baŋkawgeneric for a spear without barbs or hooks; to throw or thrust a spear at someone or something (PWMP: *baŋkaw)
baŋkayto place a corpse (of a person) in a small house or tree; to place the corpse (of an animal) on a high platform (PWMP: *baŋkay)
baŋunget up (from a lying position); raise up, make (something lying down) erect (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN
basalto beat, bang on something to produce noise (as when the moon gets dark, because they think that a large snake has swallowed the moon) (PPH: *basal)
Binukid (40 / 645)

basbastrim down a piece of wood by chipping off pieces (PWMP: *basbas₃)
bataŋlog, fallen tree (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
batáŋkind of citrus tree or fruit; lemon, lime (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
bátaʔchild, offspring (PWMP: *bataq)
batiʔbrother-in-law (man speaking) (NOISE)
batustone, rock, pebble, precious stone (PMP: *batu) *batux
batuthrow a stone at someone or something (PAN: *batu₃) *batu₁
batu-enfull of stones or rocks (PWMP: *batu-en) *batux
batunto lift, raise, pull (something) up or out of somewhere (as a carabao out of a pit) (PMP: *bantun)
batunto lift, raise, pull (something) up or out of (somewhere) (PPH: *batun)
bauuturtle, tortoise (PPH: *baququ)
báwiʔto redeem, buy back something; to recover, get or take back something lent or given (PPH: *báwiq)
bayadfee, charge; amount which serves as payment; to pay for (something) (PMP: *bayaD)
be-benedfor a part of the body to be numb (from loss of circulation) (PPh: *ban(e)héd)
bedbedtie (something) around part of the body (as around the legs of a chicken to prevent it from running away) (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej
bedber-entie something around part of the body (as cord around the legs of a chicken so that it will not be able to run away) (PPh: *bejbej-en) *bejbej
begashusked rice (PMP: *beRas)
begatheavy; be weighted down by (something heavy); to burden, weigh down (someone or something) (PMP: *beReqat)
begsayoar, paddle; to row, paddle (a boat or raft) (PMP: *beRsay)
begtekspurs (of a fowl) (PMP: *beRtek)
Binukid (60 / 645)

bekacrack, burst open (as a coconut which has fallen hard to the ground) (PMP: *beka)
bekadpry, force (something) open; lift one end (of something to make an opening) (PWMP: *bekaj)
bekaspull the trigger of (a gun, etc.); to trigger off (a trap) (PAN: *bekas₁)
bekbekpulverize, pound (rice, etc.) into very fine particles or powder (PMP: *bekbek₁)
beladwide, broad (in area) (PMP: *bekelaj)
beladto dry (something or oneself) in the sun (PWMP: *belaj)
beŋeldeaf; kind of bird (believed to be deaf because it is not easily disturbed or afraid of noise) (PMP: *beŋel)
beŋkagtake (something) apart, break up (something into pieces or its constituent parts); break up (as a group, relationship, etc.) (PMP: *be(ŋ)kaR)
besiʔpush aside to make a gap in (something); gape, become open wide (PMP: *besiq)
biaksplit wood along the grain (as for firewood) (PMP: *biqak)
bi-biag-enlivestock, domestic animals (kept for service or raised for food) (PWMP: *bihaR)
bihagcaptive; to take (someone) as a captive (PWMP: *bihaR)
biladspread out something to look it over (as a mat on the ground) (PPh: *bik(e)laj)
binhiʔseeds (PMP: *binehiq) *bineSiq
b-in-ugukhaving failed to hatch, of eggs which addled (PAN: *b<in>uRuk) *buRuk
biŋatstretch something (as a wire) (PPh: *biŋát)
biŋbiŋtweak the ear (as a teacher disciplining a naughty child) (PWMP: *biŋbiŋ₂)
biŋgalacassava (LOAN)
biŋkuŋgrub hoe; mattock; pick (PMP: *biŋkuŋ)
bítayhang up (something); hang down, be suspended (PPh: *bítay)
Binukid (80 / 645)

bitbitcarry, hold (something in one's hand); lift (something with the hand) (PMP: *bitbit₂) *bitbit
bitupit or deep hole in the ground (PPh: *bítu)
bituenstar (PAN: *bituqen)
bitukroundworms (in the digestive tract) (PWMP: *bituk)
bitukaintestines; remove the intestines of (an animal, fish, etc.) (PMP: *bituka) *biCuka
bituk-eninfested with roundworms in the intestinal tract (PWMP: *bituk-en) *bituk
buayswing back and forth (as monkeys in a tree); do something with a swinglike, circular motion (PMP: *buqay)
bubuŋcovering at the ridge of the roof (of a house) (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
bubuŋ-anmountain, high hill; top of mountain (PMP: *bubuŋ-an) *bubuŋ₁
bugato spit, spew out (liquid) (PMP: *buRah) *buReS
bugah-ispit out (as the juice of an immature betel nut on a cut to heal it) (PMP: *buRah) *buReS
bugiskind of skin disease characterized by white scaly blotches (PWMP: *bugis)
bugtaʔground, plot of land (PMP: *buRtaq)
bugtáʔground, plot of land (PMP: *buRtaq)
bugtuŋsole, lone, only (PPh: *bug(e)túŋ)
bugtuŋsole, lone, only (PPH: *buR(e)túŋ)
buguk-enunderdeveloped, unfertile, failed to hatch (of egg); dull, slow in comprehension (of person) (PAN: *buRuk)
bugʔharelipped (NOISE)
buhatappease spirit deities in a rite (held in the fields) which involves prayers, offerings of betel nut, etc., and the slaughter of pigs and chickens) (PWMP: *buhat₁)
buhatdeed, act; do, make something (as baskets, hats, a mortar from a tree), perform (PMP: *buhat₂)
Binukid (100 / 645)

buhaʔcough; to cough; induce coughing (LOAN)
buhaʔcough; to cough; induce coughing (NOISE)
buhistax; fee levied by the government; pay taxes (PWMP: *buhis) *buhís
buhukhair on the head (of a person) (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS
bukbukkind of weevil; to sprinkle, scatter a fine or powdery substance on something or over an area (PMP: *bukbuk₃)
bukbuk-enfor grain, wood, bamboo, etc. to be infested with weevils (PWMP: *bukbuk-en) *bukbuk₃
bukladlay down, spread out (as a mat on the floor or ground) (PPh: *buk(e)lad)
buktuthunchback, someone with a severe back deformity (PPh: *buk(e)tút)
bukunode (of a stem); knot (in a piece of wood); joint, node (in a length of bamboo, palm, sugarcane, etc.) (PMP: *bukuh)
bulagcorneal ulcer; cataract (in the eye) (PAN: *bulaR₁)
bulag-anfor the eyes to be afflicted with this disease (PAN: *bulaR₁)
bulalakawspirit deity believed to inhabit and guard rivers (synonym tala-wahig) (PPh: *bulalákaw₂)
bulanmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
bulaŋto stage, hold a cockfight; to pit cocks against each other (PWMP: *bulaŋ)
bulaŋ-ancockpit (where cockfights are held) (PWMP: *bulaŋ)
bulawgolden in color; blond (of hair); bronze colored (pigs) (PAN: *bulaw)
bulaw-angold (PAN: *bulaw-an) *bulaw
bulaʔ-bulaʔbubbles, foam, suds; to form bubbles, foam, suds (as the root of the Derris elliptica foams when pounded) (PMP: *budaq₁)
bulbugto make rice or corn porridge (ROOT)
bulbulfeathers (PPh: *bulbúl)
Binukid (120 / 645)

buligto help, assist, aid (someone in doing something) (PWMP: *bulig)
bulígstalk of bananas (PMP: *buliR)
bulilekwhirlpool (NOISE)
bulitpatch up small holes in something (as with cement) (PMP: *bulit₁) *bulit
bulit-enpatch up small holes in something (as with cement) (PWMP: *bulit-en) *bulit
b-ul-uhat-enactivities, work (PMP: *buhat₂)
bulúŋmedicine; remedial measures; treat a physical ailment with medicine (PMP: *buluŋ₂)
buluŋ-enbe or feel lonely (PWMP: *buleŋ)
bunalstrike or beat a person or animal hard with a club or other solid object (PPh: *bunal)
bunawadd liquid to a staple food to make it soft (ROOT)
bunbuncover something with dirt or ashes (PMP: *bunbun)
bunhatstraighten (something) out; stretch (one's limbs) (PPh: *beh(e)ñat)
buntitprotruding stomach (PWMP: *buntit)
buntit-enhave a protruding stomach (as a child with intestinal worms) (PWMP: *buntit)
buntudhill (PMP: *buntud)
buntuŋgeneric for bamboo (PAN: *betuŋ₁)
bunuthusk (of coconut); stringy part (of jackfruit, mango, maraŋ, etc.); to husk a coconut (PMP: *bunut₁)
bunut-ihusk it! (PPh: *bunut-i) *bunut₁
bunuʔmurder, kill someone (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
buŋafruit (PMP: *buŋa)
Binukid (140 / 645)

buŋa hu atiŋprickly heat (PMP: *buŋa)
buŋaw-ensenile; absentminded, forgetful, confused (due to old age) (PWMP: *buŋaw₁)
buŋkugstoop shouldered, slightly hunchbacked (PWMP: *buŋkug)
buŋkúswrap something around someone or something; surround, envelop something as if to cover it entirely (PWMP: *buŋkus)
buriʔfish eggs (PPh: *bujiq)
busawevil spirit, demon; witch, human with supernatural powers (who shows himself in an unexpected or startling way); for an evil spirit to enter or possess someone (PMP: *busaw)
busbusfor something to come out of something split open (e.g. rice out of a ripped sack, fecal matter out of the stomach of a pig when it is speared) (PMP: *busbus)
busiʔsiʔto slit (something); to split (something) open; split open (as a rotted sack full of corn) (PPh: *busiqsiq)
buswaŋmake an outlet (in stagnant water, a rice paddy to dry it out, etc.); fig. to blurt out (often inadvertently or indiscretely) (PPh: *busuáŋ)
butablind (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa
butbuttake something out of a container, unpack something; come out of a container (PMP: *butbut₂) *buCbuC
buteŋfor dogs to fight (PMP: *buteŋ)
butigwart (PMP: *buteliR)
butig-enhaving warts (PMP: *buteliR)
butudgas pains; have or cause gas pains (PWMP: *buntuD)
butulbulging (as an overstuffed sack, or overfilled pockets) (PMP: *butequl)
buulknee (PPh: *buqel)
buwaʔkidney (dialect form) (PMP: *buaq)
buʔayacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)
buʔbuʔpour something out of or on something else (rice from a sack, water on a fire, etc.) (PMP: *buqbuq)
Binukid (160 / 645)

buʔukind of fish or eel trap (with inwardly slanting tines to allow entrance but not exit) (PWMP: *buʔu)
dáanold, not new; very old, from an olden time, antique; beforehand, ahead of time (PMP: *daqan₂) *daqaN
dabuŋbamboo shoots (PPH: *dabuŋ)
dadaŋ ~ daraŋto heat, dry out something slightly near a fire; put something over the coals to dry or heat (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ
daǥatsea; ocean (PMP: *daRat)
dagumneedle (PAN: *zaRum)
dahunleaf, blade (of a tree or plant) (PMP: *dahun)
daiŋto dry peeled bananas in the sun (LOAN)
dakdakto slam, throw something down with heavy force (PWMP: *dakdak)
dakepto catch, seize, capture, arrest (someone) (PAN: *dakep)
dakitadjacent, next to (land); for a plot of land to adjoin, be located next to, or be adjacent to another plot of land (PMP: *dakit)
dalanpath, trail, way; road, street (PMP: *zalan)
dalemto deepen, as of water (PMP: *dalem)
dalidlarge root which projects above the ground (PMP: *dalij)
danawlake (PAN: *danaw)
danaʔfootprints, tracks; to make footprints or tracks onsomething (PPH: *danáq₁)
dapdapto cut, slice off the kernels from (an ear of mature corn) (PPH: *dapdáp)
dapitside; direction; vicinity (PWMP: *dapit)
dapitside: direction, vicinity (PWMP: *dapít)
dapugto heap, pile up wood, yard trash, etc. (sample sentence indicates that this is preparatory to burning) (PMP: *dapuR₁)
Binukid (180 / 645)

dapugto heap, pile up (wood, yard trash, etc.) (PAN: *dapuR₂)
da-ruwatwo; to be in twos; to do, make two of (something) (PMP: *da-duha) *duSa
dasʔagto lay out a large amount of meat somewhere on leaves (PPH: *das(e)qaR)
datu-ʔchieftain, mediator (PMP: *datu)
dawamillet (PAN: *zawa₂)
dawatto receive (something), to accept something from someone (PPH: *dáwat)
deketfor fire to catch to (something); to catch on fire (PWMP: *deket₂) *deket₁
delemto walk around at night; (for animals, etc.) to come out at night (to hunt for food); to stalk or attack something or someone at night (PMP: *delem)
deŋegreputation, honor (PMP: *deŋeR)
depameasurement, the length from the fingertips of one hand to the fingertips of the other measured with the arms outstretched; to measure (something) in this way (PAN: *depah)
desekto push, press something down (as pushing clothes down within a sack) (PWMP: *desek₁)
dibaluybehind, at the back; at the other, opposite, reverse side; to be, go behind or to the opposite side of (something) (PPH: *di-baliw) *baliw₁
dilamto lick one’s lips; to lick something from one’s lips (PPH: *dilam)
dílaʔtongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)
diŋdiŋwall; partition; side covers of any box-like thing (PMP: *diŋdiŋ₁)
di-rayaupriver, upstream direction (PWMP: *di-daya) *daya
dugithorn, sliver (which has pricked the skin); to prick, cut, pierce the skin with a thorn or any sharp instrument; to get a sliver in the skin (PMP: *duRi)
dugi-enfull of thorns (PMP: *duRi)
dugmunfor an animal to gather stuff to prepare a birthing place (PPH: *dug(e)mún)
dumacompanion; something that belongs together with something else; to go, be together, to accompany; to be relatives (PAN: *duma)
Binukid (200 / 645)

duwatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
duwa-duwato doubt (something); to vacillate in one’s opinion, be uncertain, undecided about (something); to hesitate (doing something) (PMP: *duha duha₂) *duSa
duwa-ysecond wife (PWMP: *duha-i) *duSa
duyanhammock; to swing in a hammock; to rock (someone) in a hammock (PPH: *dúyan)
gabiʔyesterday, sometime in the near past (PMP: *Rabiqi)
gabuk(for wood, fiber, etc.) to be weakened from decay; rot; to be decomposed (PMP: *Rabuk)
gabuncloud; fog; for clouds or fog to cover (something) (PMP: *Rabun)
ga-hinawabreath; emotions; to breathe (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa
gakitraft (made of bamboo or logs) (PMP: *Rakit)
galiŋto mill, grind something (as corn) in a mill (PWMP: *galiŋ)
gamaktake, grasp, squeeze (something) in one’s fist; to crumble (something) in one’s hands (PWMP: *gamak)
gamutroot (of plants); (for plants) to take root (PMP: *Ramut₁)
gatushundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus
gebaʔfirst clearing of thick forest; to break (something); to destroy (something); to be dilapidated (PPH: *gebáq)
gelgelto slit the throat (usually of a fowl with repeated back and forth motions) (PPH: *gelgél)
gilekto get a tickling sensation; to get a creepy feeling, shivers up one’s spine; to cause these sensations (PWMP: *gilek)
gimukudsoul, spirit (of a person); ghost (PPH: *Rimukud)
gumaʔbolo sheath, scabbard; to sheathe a bolo, put a bolo in a sheath (PAN: *Rumaq)
guntiŋscissors; to cut (something) with scissors (LOAN)
gusukribs (PAN: *Rusuk)
Binukid (220 / 645)

guyudto pull, drag, draw, tow (something) (PWMP: *guyud₃)
hádiʔno, not (PWMP: *hadiq)
ha-epatfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
hakutcarry, ahul (something) in several trips (PMP: *hakut) *SakuC
haŋadto look up at something (PPH: *háŋad)
hawʔasto get off (a vehicle); to dismount (a riding animal); to unload, take something off (a vehicle or an animal) (PPH: *haq(e)was)
hebasfor water to recede; for a well or spring to dry up (PPh: *hebás)
hegettight, taut; firm (PMP: *heRet) *SeReC
heget-atighten it! (PMP: *heRet) *SeReC
hilamunto remove weeds, to weed an area (LOAN)
hilapto cut a slice off (something) (PPH: *hírap)
hinugripe (fruit, etc.); for fruit, etc. to be ripe; to let fruit ripen; for a boil to be ready to burst (PPH: *hinuR)
híwiʔ(for something) to be askew, crooked, to one side (NEAR)
hulhulto lower (one’s trousers); for one’s trousers to fall, slip down (PPH: *hulhul₂)
hulipto cover, patch up a small hole in something (PPH: *udip)
ika-duwasecond (PMP: *ika-duha) *duSa
ika-pituseventh (PMP: *ika-pitu) *pitu
ika-tulúthird (PMP: *ika-telu) *telu
ɨmissweet (PMP: *emis₁) *emis
inatto stretch, pull (something) taut (PWMP: *iñat)
Binukid (240 / 645)

ina-yM (PMP: *iná-i) *ina
inuwhat, which (PAN: *i-nu) *-nu₁
i-sabwagscatter them! (PPH: *sabuag)
i-sabʔitto hang up (as pants on a nail in the wall) (PPH: *i-saqebít) *saqebit
iyasmaggots; to be infested with maggots (PWMP: *ias₂)
ka2sg topic pronoun: you (PMP: *ka₄)
ka-alaŋanto figure out, to think up (a way to do or come up with something) (PPH: *alaŋ-án) *alaŋ
ka-bantugto be famous, renowned, well-known (PPH: *bantug)
kabegkind of large fruit bat (PPH: *kabég)
kablitto touch, move (something) by curling the fingers; to pluck (guitar strings) (PPH: *kab(e)lít)
kablitto touch, move (something) by curling the fingers; to pluck, as guitar strings (PPH: *kab(e)lit)
ka-buhatto change, turn, transform, make something into something else (e.g. tadpole into frog) (PWMP: *ka-buhat) *buhat₂
ka-buluŋloneliness (PWMP: *buleŋ)
ka-buŋiʔbe harelipped, have a cleavage in one's lip (NOISE)
kabus(for food, etc.) to be insufficient, run short (PMP: *kabus₁)
ka-butablind (PWMP: *ka-buta) *buCa
ka-duma-ankin, relatives outside of the immediate family; two people belonging to the same large group (PAN: *duma)
kaento eat (something) (PAN: *kaen)
kaen-encooked rice, corn grits; any staple food eaten with viand (PAN: *kaen-en) *kaen
kagatto bite (something or someone) (PMP: *kaRat) *kaRaC
Binukid (260 / 645)

kagawgerms (PWMP: *kaRaw₂)
kagiword; speech (PAN: *kaRi₁)
kagudto scrape something out of something else (as meat out of a coconut) (PMP: *kaRud)
kahilclaw part of chicken feet (used in scratching); for a chicken to scratch, scratch around in something (PWMP: *kahir)
ka-kimayto have a broken, twisted, paralyzed, deformed wrist or forearm (PPH: *kimay)
kalasaga shield (PWMP: *kalasag)
k-alas-anforest, jungle, woods (PWMP: *ka-halas-an) *Salas
kalawagturmeric; yellow color (LOAN)
kalibaŋbaŋbutterfly (PAN: *kali-)
ka-libatto be cross-eyed; to cross one’s eyes (PPH: *libat)
ka-liŋuto be mistaken for someone else; to mistake the identity of someone or something (PWMP: *liŋu)
ka-lipitto be crowded, squeezed (in a small space) (PWMP: *lipit)
ka-lubusto be willing to do something; to do something willingly, without hesitation (PPH: *lubús)
kamaligstorehouse for farm products (PMP: *kamaliR)
kaŋganred cloth (of symbolic significance) (LOAN)
kapayto beckon, summon by a wave of the hand (PMP: *kapay)
kapay-kapayto wave something back and forth (PMP: *kapay)
ka-pilahow many times? (PWMP: *ka-pija) *pijax
ka-pitu-anseventy (PAN: *ka-pitu-an) *pitu
ka-pulidfor the sun to move beyond the zenith and the shadows to lengthen in the afternoon (PPH: *pulij)
Binukid (280 / 645)

ka-puunorigin, where something came from (PWMP: *ka-puqun) *puqun
ka-sakitpain (physical or emotional); ache; to be painful, to ache; to hurt (someone) (PWMP: *ka-sakit) *sakit
ka-seleg-anrapids (of a river) (PWMP: *seleg)
kasiligeneric for eel (PWMP: *kasuli)
kasiŋtoy top (PWMP: *gasiŋ)
ka-tatauability, skill; wisdom, knowledge (PWMP: *ka-taqu₁) *Caqu
katito lure, attract (an animal or bird) with food, etc. (PPH: *káti)
kayabto flap, flip; to shake (something to remove foreign matter clinging to it); to cause (cloth or the like) to flap (PWMP: *kayab)
kayutree; wood, timber, pole; stem, stalk (of plants) (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
kedkedto tightly bind up something, to secure something by tying (rope, etc.) around it tightly (PPH: *kedked)
kegawto dry, shrivel up (as beans that have been planted) (PPH: *keRaw)
kelebto close a door and/or window (PPH: *keleb)
kelkelto put one’s arms around someone; to embrace, hug someone; to hug something to oneself (PPH: *kelkel₁)
kemesto squeeze (something) (PMP: *kemes)
kepkepto put one’s arms around someone; to hug, embrace someone; to clasp something in one’s hands or paws (PMP: *kepkep)
kera-kerafor monkeys to chatter (LOAN)
ketebto bite a small piece out of something; to bite one’s tongue, lips, etc. (PMP: *keteb)
kioblique case marker for singular personal nouns (PMP: *ki₂ₐ) *ki₂
kilalato recognize, know (someone or something) (PAN: *kilala)
kilatlightning (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaC
Binukid (300 / 645)

kilawto eat (something) raw, unripe, uncooked (PPH: *kilaw₁)
kilayeyebrows (PWMP: *kiday)
kiskisto shave off (hair) (PAN: *kiskis)
-ku1sg nontopic pronoun: I, my (PAN: *-ku)
kulutcurly, wavy (hair); to curl, wave (hair) (PMP: *kulut)
kunit is said, someone said; according to report or rumor, reportedly (PWMP: *ken)
kurutto pinch someone or something (PWMP: *kezut₂) *kezut
kusuto rumple, rub (something between the hands or knuckles); to rub in (something with the hands) (PMP: *kusu₁)
kuwapause word used to fill in when the speaker cannot think of the right word; word used to avoid saying a taboo word (PWMP: *kua₂) *kua₁
lahusto proceed, go on to (a certain point); to pierce, penetrate, pass through something (PPH: *lahús)
lakadstep, pace, stride; take a step, step over or across (something) (PMP: *lakaj)
lalato weave (a mat, basket, etc.) (PWMP: *laja)
lalah-enbe woven by (someone) (PWMP: *lalah-en) *laja
la-lawaʔspider (generic) (PMP: *lawaq₂)
la-limafive; to be in fives; to do or make five (of something) (PAN: *la-lima) *lima
lamudto mix (two or more things or persons togetheer); to mix something with something else (PWMP: *lamuj)
lantayanything with a top consisting of slats (as a bed, table, bench, etc.) (PWMP: *lantay)
lanutraw abaca fiber; hemp from abaca (PPH: *lánut)
láŋawgeneric for flies; for flies to infest an area (PMP: *laŋaw)
laŋitsky, heaven (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
Binukid (320 / 645)

laŋuyto bathe, take a bath; to go swimming; to bathe (someone) (PWMP: *laŋuy)
lapasto cross, pass through (a river or stream) to the other side (PWMP: *lapas)
lápaʔto slaughter, butcher (an animal) (PAN: *lapaq)
laplapto slice, trim, cut off (something) from a surface (PPH: *lapláp)
lawabody (of a person or animal); main part (of a structure) (PWMP: *lawa₄)
lawáŋliving room (PWMP: *lawaŋ₁)
lawaŋto pass in front of someone, between two people or through a group (PWMP: *lawaŋ₂)
laweddeep open sea; center area of a large clearing (PAN: *lahud)
lawisickle feathers, one of the long curved feathers in the tail of a rooster (PMP: *lawi₁)
láwʔayoffensive to decency, immoral; obscene, lewd (PPH: *law(e)qay)
layug(for an old palm tree) to be very tall (PPH: *láyug)
laʔuthirst (PWMP: *laqu)
lebaga large boil (PPH: *lebág)
lebasto remove, take off clothing (PWMP: *lebas)
lepetcooked rice wrapped in leaves; to wrap up food in a leaf (PWMP: *lepet₃)
liadto bend, throw one’s body backward, to be in a position with the stomach sticking out and the shoulders back; for something to bend, curl up out of shape (PWMP: *liad)
libassour fruit of rattan (PWMP: *libas₁)
liegneck (PAN: *liqeR)
lígaʔred (ROOT)
ligisto run, roll over (something or someone) (PWMP: *li(ŋ)gis)
Binukid (340 / 645)

likuʔto return, go or come back (somewhere, or to something); to return, give or put back (something); to return to a former state (PMP: *likuq)
limasto drain, empty water out of (a pool or a large container) (PMP: *limas)
limas-anto empty the water out of a tank, etc. (PWMP: *limas-an) *limas
limukenkind of dove (PMP: *muken) *muken (X + muken)
limusalms, voluntary contribution; to give alms, voluntary donations (LOAN)
linugearthquake; for there to be an earthquake, for an earthquake to hit (somewhere) (PAN: *linuR)
lipatto forget (something); to lose awareness, consciousness (PPH: *lipat)
lipat-lipatabsentminded, forgetful, senile (PPH: *lipat)
lipayhappiness, joy (PPH: *lípay)
lípeŋto faint, pass out, lose consciousness temporarily (PPH: *lipeŋ)
liputto double-cross, betray (someone); to fight unfairly by doing something treacherously or taking unfair advantage (PPH: *liput₂)
lísaʔeggs of body lice (of humans or animals); nits (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeS
lislísto pull, roll up (pant legs or shirt sleeves); to hike up (a dress), as when walking through mud (PPH: *lislís)
litasto make, cause a tear in something (PPH: *litas)
lubus-ansomething willingly given up (PPH: *lubús)
lugitto extract, dig out (PWMP: *lugit)
luhaʔtears (in the eyes); to get tears in one’s eyes (PMP: *luheq) *luSeq
lulunto roll up something (as a mat) (PMP: *lulun) *luluN
lumunto live together in the same house or room; to put something together with something else (PPH: *lumun)
lumutgeneral term for lichens or algae of the sort that attach themselves (PMP: *lumut)
Binukid (360 / 645)

lunlunall of one kind, unmixed, pure (PWMP: *lunlun)
lupisstrips of the trunk of abaca or the stalks of certain varieties of banana which have not been processed into fibers (for tying) (PPH: *lupis₂)
lusuŋlarge mortar (for pounding rice, etc.) (PMP: *lusuŋ) *Nusuŋ
lusutto go, pass, slip through (a hole or narrow space) (PWMP: *lucut)
lutúʔto bring lunch (PWMP: *lutuq)
luukflat area adjoining a river (at the foot of a hill, cliff, etc.) (PWMP: *luquk)
luwasto remove, take off (an article of clothing); to save, preserve, remove (someone) from harm, destruction, death, etc.; to free (someone) of difficulties, discomfort, problems, etc. (PMP: *luas₁)
luwasto remove, take off (an article of clothing) (PPH: *luas₂)
ma-begatheavy (PMP: *ma-beReqat) *beReqat
ma-beladwide, broad (in area) (PWMP: *ma-bekelaj) *bekelaj
ma-daétbad (in character and effect); dirty, unclean, soiled (PWMP: *zaqet)
ma-dakelmany, much, lots of, plenty (PPH: *ma-dakél) *dakél
ma-danisoon; almost (PAN: *daNi)
mag-pa-nugun-tugunto give final instructions at one’s deathbed (PWMP: *tuRun₂)
ma-gulaŋold in age; adult (person); mature (fruit) (PAN: *Rudaŋ)
ma-katelitchy; to scratch an itch on one’s body (PMP: *ma-gatel) *gaCel
ma-kepalthick in dimension; dense (as rainclouds) (PPH: *kepal)
ma-kesegforceful, strong (PAN: *ma-keseR) *keseR
ma-labúŋabundant, long, thick of growth; thick, dense; to grow thick, abundantly (PPH: *labuŋ)
ma-lipayglad, happy; to gladden, make someone happy (PPH: *lípay)
Binukid (380 / 645)

mamaterm of address for male much younger than the speaker (PMP: *mama) *mamah
mamaʔbetel nut chew; to chew betel nut (PMP: *mamaq)
manused to indicate emphasis (PPH: *man)
ma-nipisthin, not thick (flat object) (PMP: *ma-nipis) *Nipis
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk)
manuk-anto raise chickens (PWMP: *manuk-an) *manuk
ma-paitbitter (in taste); bitter, hard to accept (situation, happening, etc.) (PMP: *ma-paqit) *paqiC
ma-pútíʔwhite; to get white, bleached (PMP: *ma-putiq) *putiq
maraŋkind of large tree or fruit which is similar to jackfruit, but smaller and sweeter (PWMP: *madaŋ)
ma-sakitachy, painful, hurting (PMP: *ma-sakit) *sakit
ma-selegswift (current); hard (rain, wind, etc.) (PWMP: *seleg)
ma-sensenclose together or to each other (as the weft (PPH: *sensén)
ma-sinawshiny (as skin that has been oiled) (PWMP: *sinaw)
mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
ma-tábaʔfatty, greasy (PWMP: *ma-tabeq) *tabeq
ma-talemsharp-pointed (PWMP: *ma-tazem) *Cazem
ma-tatauclever, wise, skilled; intelligent (PMP: *ma-taqu₁) *Caqu
ma-tegascharacterized by working hard, energetically, with vigor (PMP: *ma-teRas) *teRas
ma-tulʔidstraight, not curved (PWMP: *tuq(e)lid)
ma-udtunoon (PPh: *ugtu)
Binukid (400 / 645)

mig-batuto harden (PMP: *batu) *batux
mig-dakelto increase in number, make plentiful (PPH: *dakél)
mig-deketto adhere, stick to something (PMP: *deket₁) *dekeC
mig-lútuʔto cook, bake something (PWMP: *lutuq)
mig-suluʔto light (a lamp, etc.); to use something for light (PMP: *suluq)
mímisshoots (of cogon grass coming out of the ground that are very sharp) (PMP: *mimis₁)
nánaʔpus; give off pus, have pus (in a sore, etc.) (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
na-punuʔfilled (PPH: *na-penuq) *peNuq
na-sakit-anwas hurt by someone (PPH: *na-sakit) *sakit
nauto teach, instruct (someone), to help (someone) to learn (PPH: *nau)
nipaʔcreeping palm (the leaves of which are used extensively for thatching) (PMP: *nipaq)
nipis-acut it thin! (as in slicing meat) (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis
-nu2sg. non-topic pronoun; you, your (PWMP: *nu₂)
-nu2sg possessor and non-subject agent (PAN: *-nu₂)
ŋániʔused to express an extreme case or an unlikely instance; even, at least (PPH: *ŋaniq)
ŋaranname; to give a name to someone or something; to call someone by a specified name (PMP: *ŋajan)
ŋilufor sour fruit to cause a tingling sensation in one’s teeth, to set one’s teeth on edge; for a scratching or shrill sound to cause one’s spine to tingle (PAN: *ŋilu)
ŋipentooth (of person, animal); tooth of a saw, gear and the like (PAN: *ŋipen)
ŋisŋisto have to laugh (PMP: *ŋisŋis₁)
ŋisŋisto have to laugh (PPH: *ŋisŋis₂)
Binukid (420 / 645)

pastill, yet: up to now, up to a specific point in time (PAN: *pa₁)
pa-causative prefix (PAN: *pa-₂)
paafoot, leg; leg (of a table or other furniture) (PAN: *paqa₁)
pa-bantugto boast, brag; to exalt, make someone (or oneself) well-known (PPH: *bantug)
pabiluwick (of a lamp); to put a wick in a lamp (LOAN)
pabuturkey (LOAN)
padis ~ parispair; the other one (of a pair); the thing that matches (something else); partner (in doing something); to pair off; to go with, match (LOAN)
paenbait (PAN: *paen)
paítkind of small fish (PWMP: *paqit₁) *paqit
pa-kaento feed (a person or an animal) (PAN: *pa-kaen) *kaen
paka-lakadable to take steps (as a small child just beginning to walk) (PMP: *lakaj)
pa-kilalato make (something) known; to introduce someone to someone else; to become acquainted with someone (PMP: *pa-kilala) *kilala
pakokind of fern (the young fronds of which are edible) (PWMP: *paku) *paheku
pakpakwing (of a fowl) (PAN: *pakpak₁)
palpalto pound, drive (something into the ground) (PPH: *palpál₂)
pa-muŋabear fruit; for there to be fruit (on a plant); fig. to produce results, to come to fruition, realization (PPh: *paŋ-búŋa) *buŋa
pa-músuʔfor corn to ear out (PMP: *pusuq₁)
pan-dílaʔto lick up something (PMP: *dilaq₁)
pantadshore (PWMP: *pantad)
pa-nuliremove wax from one’s ears (PMP: *tuli₁) *Culi
Binukid (440 / 645)

pa-numpaʔto swear, make an oath or vow to do (something) (PWMP: *sumpaq)
paŋ-abughuto be jealous of a loved one (PMP: *buR(e)hu)
paŋ-ásuhunt with dogs (PPh: *paŋ-asu) *asu₁
pa-ŋayuto get, gather firewood (PWMP: *pa-ŋahiw) *kaSiw
pa-ŋesegto exert strength, do (something) forcefully, energetically; to put all one’s energy into something (PAN: *keseR)
paŋ-gabunto be foggy (PMP: *Rabun)
paŋ-gimukudto perform a rite believed to return the wandering soul (of someone) to the body (PPH: *Rimukud)
pa-ŋilatfor lightning to flash (PMP: *kilat₁) *likaC
paŋin-sedsedto gather this sedge (PWMP: *sedsed₁)
paŋpaŋcliff; steep bank (PWMP: *paŋpaŋ)
paspasto dust, brush, sweep off (an area) (PWMP: *paspas₂)
pa-susuto nurse, breastfeed a baby (PAN: *pa-susu) *susu₁
patagexpanse of flat lands, plains; for an area to be flat, level; to cause something to be flat, to level something (PWMP: *pataR₂)
patedpieces of uncut round timber (PWMP: *pated)
patika tattoo; to tattoo part of the body (PWMP: *patik)
patiyukankind of honeybee (PWMP: *patiukan)
paypayto fan someone or something vigorously (PPH: *paypáy)
pegesto force, compel (someone to do something) (PAN: *peRes)
penedto pinch, press something together with the fingers (PMP: *pened₁)
pig-bubuŋ-ancover the ridge of the roof (PMP: *bubuŋ-an) *bubuŋ₁
Binukid (460 / 645)

pig-daetto destroy something; to ruin, damage something, make something inoperative; to corrupt someone or something; to harm, have bad effects on someone; to harm, kill someone by sorcery (PWMP: *zaqet)
pilahow many?, how much?, to what extent? (PAN: *pijax)
pilekeyelashes (PPH: *pidek₂)
pilitto stick on or to something (as tree sap sticking to someone’s clothing, the eyelids sticking shut because of an infected eye discharge) (PMP: *pilit₁)
piliʔto choose, select (someone or something; to elect (someone) to office (PAN: *piliq)
p-in-a-ka-buluŋdesolate, uninhabited (lonely) place (PWMP: *buleŋ)
p<in>iliʔchose, selected (PWMP: *p<in>iliq) *piliq
piŋkitfor fruits to be joined as one; to tie (two or more fruits) together, using a part of them to do the tying (PMP: *pikit)
pisupeso, the Philippine unit of currency (LOAN)
pitasto cut (something) all the way through (PWMP: *pi(n)tas)
pitucardinal numeral: seven; to be in sevens; to do, make seven (of something) (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
piyakchick, young (of birds) (PAN: *piak)
piʔpiʔto launder, wash clothes (in the river) (PPH: *piqpiq)
pukawto wake up, awaken; to wake (someone) up (PWMP: *pukaw₃)
pukpukto hit an animal on the head in order to kill it (PAN: *pukpuk)
pulutbirdlime, sticky material smeared on things to catch birds that light on it; to snare birds with birdlime; to put birdlime, etc. on the perching place of birds (PMP: *pulut)
punpunto scoop up (something with the hands) (PWMP: *punpun)
puntilsmall cloth bag, pouch (PWMP: *pu(n)tir)
punuʔto fill up (a container or a space) (PAN: *peNuq)
puŋpuŋcluster or bunch; to be or grow in a cluster or bunch; to gather (something) in a cluster or bunch (PWMP: *puŋpuŋ₂)
Binukid (480 / 645)

pusednavel, umbilical cord (PMP: *pusej)
puspusfor leaves to wither (PWMP: *puspus₃)
pusuŋheart (PMP: *pusuŋ₂)
púsuʔblossom (of a banana, coconut, etc.); for coconuts, bananas, etc. to develop their blossoms; ear of corn (PMP: *pusuq₁)
pusúʔrice cooked in woven coconut leaves (PMP: *pusuq₂)
puunbase, lowest part (of an object); trunk (of a tree) (PMP: *puqun)
puun-aʔto start, begin something (PMP: *puqun)
puwasto remove, take something off; to cause something to come off (PWMP: *puas)
sanominative case marker for common nouns (PAN: *sa₁)
sabɁakind of plantain; cooking banana (PWMP: *sabeqa)
sabaŋfor a smaller body of water to flow into a larger body of water (PMP: *sabaŋ₁)
sablayto lay, hang, drape something over something else (PPH: *sab(e)láy)
sabwagto scatter, strew (something) over an area; to sow seed (PPH: *sabuag)
sabʔitto hang something on a hook, etc.; to hook, catch on to something (PMP: *saqebit)
sadɁaŋto hook something over something else; to hang something by a hook (PPH: *sad(e)qaŋ)
sagepto dam up a section of a river (as to catch paít fish) (PPH: *sáRep)
sagigilfor a rooster to strut around a hen; to imitate this movement (NEAR)
sagubody fluid (of a corpse) (PWMP: *sagu₂)
sagubody fluid (of a corpse) (PWMP: *saRu₂)
sagʔəbto fetch, go and get (water) (PPH: *saR(e)qeb)
Binukid (500 / 645)

saknibto overlap, extend over and cover part of something (as pieces of roofing material) (PPH: *sak(e)níb)
saksakto cut (something) into chunks (as sweet potato or squash) (PAN: *saksak₁)
salabto singe, pass (something) over a flame (as a chicken to remove the small feathers) (PWMP: *sadab)
salabto singe, pass something over a flame (as a chicken to remove the small feathers) (PPH: *sajab)
salapidbraid, plait; to braid, plait something (as hair) (PWMP: *salapid)
salareŋdeer (PMP: *saladeŋ)
saláʔsin, wrongdoing, misdeed; fault; offense, crime; to commit a sin, fault, crime, etc.; to err, to sin against; to wrong (someone) (PMP: *salaq₁)
salebsebwater that seeps out (from a subterranean spring); for water to seep out of a crack (PPH: *sarebséb)
salugsugfor a splinter, etc. to prick, get under the skin (of a part of the body) (PPH: *salugsúg)
saluksukto put, insert, slip, slide (something) in between (something else) (PWMP: *s<al>uksuk) *suksuk
saluksukto put, insert, slip, slide (something) in between something else (as bolo between the cracks of a wall) (PPH: *saluksuk₂)
sandigto lean against; to lean something against something else (as a sack against the wall) (PMP: *sandiR)
sanlagto roast something in a pan with little or no oil, stirring constantly (PMP: *saŋelaR)
saŋabranch, limb (of a tree); to have, grow a branch (PMP: *saŋa₁)
saŋkab(for a fish) to open its mouth to catch food (PPH: *sa(ŋ)kab)
saŋkapto equip someone or something with necessary tools, etc.; to be equipped (PPH: *saŋkap)
sapsapto shave the bark or peeling from something (as sugarcane) (PWMP: *sapsap)
sapuɁflesh, meat; to cut up meat (PPH: *sapuq)
saupsharecropper, tenant farmer (PWMP: *saqup)
sawan-ento convulse (as a feverish child) (PWMP: *sawan-en) *sawan
Binukid (520 / 645)

sayaskirt (LOAN)
saysayto tell, describe, explain (an event) in detail (PPH: *sáysay)
sedsedkind of marsh plant with hollow cylindrical stems which are used for plaiting mats; matting sedge (PWMP: *sedsed₁)
seŋseŋto plug, cover (a hole, as in plugging up the mouth of a bottle) (PAN: *seŋseŋ)
sipersonal singular topic marker (PAN: *si₁)
sibayextension (added to an already existing dwelling); to add an extension to a house, etc. (PPH: *sibay)
sibuyasonion (LOAN)
sigabright, giving off intense illumination; to shine, burn brightly; (for lights) to be on (PMP: *siga)
sigicontinually, always (LOAN)
sigup-anpipe (for smoking) (PAN: *siRup)
si-kaw2sg. emphatic: you (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu
sikuelbow; to nudge (someone) with the elbow (PAN: *sikux)
silɁabto put something burning close to something else; for fire to catch onto something; to catch on fire (PPH: *sil(e)qáb)
silutpunishment, penalty (for a crime); to punish, impose a penalty (on someone) (LOAN)
sinek-sinekto whimper (PPH: *sin(e)qek)
sinʔuwho? (PPh: *si-nu) *-nu₁
siŋkamasyam bean (LOAN)
sipitclaw, pincer (of a crustacean, scorpion); to grip something with pincers (PAN: *sipit)
sipɁunhead cold (PPH: *sip(e)qun)
sipɁun-ento have or cause a head cold (PPH: *sip(e)qun)
Binukid (540 / 645)

siremfor something shiny to get dull or darkened, lose its luster or shine (PWMP: *sidem)
sitsitto hiss at someone; get someone’s attention by hissing in short bursts (PMP: *sitsit) *sitsit₁
siyak-siyakfor chicks to chirp loudly (as when their mother has died) (PWMP: *ciak)
subliʔto repeat something; to do something again (PPH: *sub(e)líq)
sugatto hit a mark; figuratively, to cause someone to get sick or die as the result of a curse (PWMP: *suRat)
sugudto start, begin (to do something) (PPH: *sugud)
sukayto delouse (the head) (PPH: *sukáy)
sukay-anbe deloused by someone (PPH: *sukay-án) *sukáy
sukutto ask someone to pay a debt; to collect payment for something (PPH: *sukut)
súliɁto reverse, invert (something); to be or do something backwards or in reverse (PMP: *suliq)
sulitto mimic, ape, repeat (what someone said) (PPH: *sulit₂)
sulufingernail, toenail; claws, hooves (PPH: *sulu₂)
suluʔlight, torch, lamp (PMP: *suluq)
sumpaʔto counteract something evil before it happens, usually of a magical nature (as in counteracting the punishment of supernatural beings through rain; oath (PWMP: *sumpaq)
sumpitblowgun; something used to squirt a liquid, watergun; to blow pellets with a blowgun at (something) (PMP: *sumpit)
sunudnext, the one following; to follow, go behind (someone or something); to do, come next after (something or someone); to do (something) one after another (PPH: *sunúd)
sunugto burn up, burn down (something); to destroy (something) by heat (PMP: *sunuR)
suŋayhorn (of an animal); to butt, gore (someone or something) with horns (PPH: *súŋay)
suŋsuŋ(for an animal) to sniff at something with the nose close to it (PPH: *suŋsuŋ₃)
susubreast; udder; for a baby to suck the breast; to be at the sucking stage (PAN: *susu₁)
Binukid (560 / 645)

suwal(for a pig) to root up, dig out (something) with its snout (PMP: *sual)
suwatcomb (PMP: *suat₁)
suwayto separate from, part company from (someone); to wander, turn aside, swerve from (something); to disperse, scatter, go in different directions (PPH: *suay)
tasecond person dual nontopic pronoun: we (you and I/me); our (PAN: *-ta)
tabecause, for the reason that (PPH: *taq₁)
tabákuʔtobacco (LOAN)
tabasto cut through something flat (PWMP: *tabas) *tabas₁
tábaʔfat, lard (PWMP: *tabeq)
tabedto wrap oneself around something; to twist, wind, wrap something repeatedly around something else (PWMP: *tambej)
tabʔáŋflat in taste; tasteless, insipid (PWMP: *taq(e)baŋ)
tadu ~ tarubeeswax, honeycomb (PWMP: *tadu)
taento set (a fish trap or fish line) in place (PMP: *taqen)
tagaokfor a rooster to crow (PPH: *taRaquk)
tagenekmosquito (PPH: *taRenek)
tag-kayab-kayabto flap (as a wide dress in the wind) (PWMP: *kayab)
tag-nanaʔto suppurate (as a boil that has burst) (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
tag-pilato cost how much for (something)? (PAN: *pijax)
tag-siga-sigato glitter, sparkle (PMP: *siga)
taifeces (of people and animals), excrement; manure (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
takesto measure out (something with a measuring vessel) (PPH: *takes₂)
Binukid (580 / 645)

taktakfor small things or something fastened or stuck to something, to detach and drop; to knock something off so that it drops (PAN: *taktak₁)
tala-busawevil spirit that possesses people (PMP: *busaw)
talam-bunuʔkiller, murderer; killer cock (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
t<al>ektekto put stakes around (something); to enclose an area with stakes (PMP: *tektek₂) *CekCek
talemsharpen the point of something (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem
talikudto turn one’s back towards (someone or something); to abandon, turn one’s back on (something) (PMP: *ta-likud) *likud
talikud-anbehind, at the back (PMP: *ta-likud) *likud
tamanuntil, up to a certain point, as far as (PWMP: *taman)
tambakto cover (something) over with dirt (PMP: *tambak₂)
tambalmedicine, remedial measures (PMP: *tambar)
tambalmedicine; remedial measures; to treat a physical ailment with medicine (PPH: *tambal₂)
tanaŋawkind of insect that has an unpleasant odor, stinking (PWMP: *tanaŋaw)
tandiŋto line up (something to compare with something else); to compare (something with something else) (PWMP: *tandiŋ)
tanekto steam (immature unpounded rice to harden the grains so it can be dried and pounded) (PMP: *tanek) *taNek
taŋkasto take apart, undo, rip off (something tied); rip out stitches (PMP: *taŋkas)
taŋladlemon grass (PMP: *taŋelaj) *Caŋelaj
tapayyeast (for making rice wine) (PWMP: *tapay)
tastasto cut through (a tie, stitches, etc.) (PAN: *tastas)
tatauclever, wise, skilled; intelligent (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu
ta-tulúthree; to be in threes, to do, make three (of something) (PAN: *ta-telu) *telu
Binukid (600 / 645)

taulfor a dog, to howl (as when its owner leaves it behind) (PPH: *taqul) *taqúl
taunhunger season (PMP: *taqun)
taytaybridge; to make a bridge, to put a bridge over (something); to cross, travel over a bridge (PMP: *taytay)
tegasmolave tree (which has extremely hard wood) (PMP: *teRas)
tektekfor a chicken to coo, cluck (PAN: *tektek₂)
teŋaʔhalf; middle, center; to be or do half of something; to divide or split something into halves (PMP: *teŋaq)
teŋegkind of tree, the bark of which is used as an ingredient of toddy (to make it red) (PMP: *teŋeR)
teŋelnape, back of the neck (PPH: *teŋel)
teŋelnape, back of the neck (LOAN)
teŋteŋto stare at something or someone, esp. with the eyes wide open (PWMP: *teŋteŋ₂)
tepeŋthe same height; even along the top or bottom; of the same level (PPH: *tepeŋ₂)
tibudsmall clay jar (PPH: *tibud)
tidug-a ~ tirug-ato sleep; to go to sleep (PMP: *tiduR)
tigispitch (of a tree); sap (from a plant); for something cut to drip out (PMP: *tiRis)
timbaŋweight; to weigh something; to make something balance (PWMP: *timbaŋ)
timbaŋ-anscales (for weighing) (PWMP: *timbaŋ-an) *timbaŋ
t-in-apafish packed in a small cylindrical can; sardines (PMP: *t<in>apa) *Capa
tirug-ah-ento be sleepy (PMP: *tiduR)
tubakind of vine (the roots of which are decocted into a poison for fish) (PAN: *tubah)
tubagto answer, respond (PPH: *tubaR)
Binukid (620 / 645)

tubúsugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
tudluʔto teach, instruct (someone) (PPh: *tulduq)
tugunto leave instructions (to do something); to instruct (someone) to do (something); to send (someone) on an errand (PWMP: *tuRun₂)
tugunto send someone on an errand (PPH: *tugen)
tugutto permit, allow (someone) to do (something) (PWMP: *tuRut)
tukaʔbeak, bill (of a fowl or bird); for a fowl or bird to peck at something to eat (PPH: *tukaq)
tukudpost (of a house, fence); to place posts; to erect (a house or building); figurative, to form, establish, found (something) (PAN: *tukud)
tulaya bridge (PPH: *tuláy)
tulduʔindex finger (PPh: *tulduq)
tuliearwax (PMP: *tuli₁) *Culi
tulúthree (PAN: *telu)
tuluʔdrop (of a liquid); to drip, leak through (something); for drops to fall, run or trickle down (PAN: *tuduq)
tumabody, head louse that inhabits humans (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
tumah-enbe infested with lice (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
tuntunto lower (something) (PPH: *tuntún)
túyuʔintention, purpose; to do something on purpose, intentionally (PPH: *tuyuq)
udtu-anzenith, the point in the sky which is directly overhead (PPh: *ugtu)
ulayana tree: Lithocarpus spp. (Madulid 2001) (PPH: *ulayan)
undudto go, move backwards; to back something up; to move something back (PWMP: *unduD)
unuŋto stick with someone loyally; to take along, include a loved one in death (PPH: *unuŋ)
Binukid (640 / 645)

usaugto go downriver,downstream; to go with the current (in a body of water) (PPH: *usauR)
uyunto agree, go along with (a decision, etc.) (PPH: *uyun₂)
walisermon; lecture; to preach, deliver a sermon; to lecture someone (PPH: *wali₂)
yahuŋbowl (PPH: *yahuŋ)
yamyamto mumble words (not for the purpose of communicating) (PPH: *yamyám)
yekyekheavy and prolonged cough (PPH: *yekyek₂)
83. Bipi (104) OC (Blust n.d. [1975]) [biq] Papua New Guinea
alikthe putty nut: Parinarium laurinum (POC: *qarita)
apisago palm (POC: *Rabia) *Rambia
asu-gall, gall bladder (POC: *qasu₂)
ate-heart (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
cahwhat? (PMP: *sapa)
dalisa shore tree: Terminalia catappa L. (POC: *talise₁) *talisay
dandown (POC: *tanoq) *taneq
dopunting pole for propelling a canoe (POC: *tokon) *teken
drapu-ntaboo (POC: *tabu-na) *tambu
duncanoe (POC: *tola)
hakto feed (POC: *paŋan) *kaen
hakto feed (PMP: *paŋan)
ha-yahafternoon, evening (POC: *paka-Rapiqi) *Rabiqi
kakthatch (POC: *qatop) *qatep
kalilarge sea fish, grouper (POC: *kalia)
kalirock cod, grouper (POC: *kalika)
kasu ŋassmoke (POC: *kasu)
kasuscoconut crab (PMP: *kasusu)
katahfrigate bird (POC: *katapa)
kawfishhook (PAN: *kawil₁)
Bipi (20 / 104)

kaxa-nhis/her name (POC: *ŋacan) *ŋajan
kitree (POC: *kayu) *kaSiw
ko-lawlaplap, sarong (NEAR)
koxvillage (POC: *koro₂)
kuikoctopus (PMP: *kuRita) *guRiCa
kumsoutheast monsoon (LOAN)
kunbreadfruit (PMP: *kuluR)
kupsoutheast monsoon; east (NEAR)
kupʷenfishing net (generic) (POC: *kupwena)
kutlouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
kuxclay cooking pot (PAN: *kuden)
kuxuxthunder (POC: *kururu₁)
lantrochus shell (PMP: *lalak)
lime-hfive (PAN: *lima)
lisnit, egg of a louse (POC: *lisa) *liseqeS
loin, inside (POC: *lom) *lem
makdie, dead (POC: *mate) *aCay
makreef (POC: *maqati) *qaCi
mamakto wake up (POC: *mamata)
ma-maxa-nripe (POC: *madrar) *madar
Bipi (40 / 104)

mara mwanhearth (‘eye of fire’) (PMP: *mata) *maCa
ma-sokhungry (POC: *soŋe)
mata-eye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
matansharp (POC: *matan V)
meto come (POC: *mai) *ai₃
mimi-nhis/her urine; to urinate (POC: *mimiq) *miqmiq
mone-nstraight (POC: *mwanene)
mosasgoatfish (POC: *mwasasi)
moyPandanus conoideus (POC: *mwaña)
mwaksnake (POC: *mwata)
ñaktall latex-yielding tree with large edible sweet green fruit (PMP: *ñatuq)
ñama-nsweet (POC: *ñaman-na) *ñaman
ñam-onmosquito (sandfly?) (PMP: *ñamuk)
nana-npus (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq
ñaw ~ ña-ñawwidow(er) (POC: *ñaRo)
nohafraid (POC: *nopo-nopo)
ñoyshort roundish tree with large leaves and small inedible fruit that turns yellow when ripe: Morinda citrifolia (POC: *ñoñu) *ñəñu
ñusquid without shell (POC: *ñui)
ŋahlime (POC: *ŋapa₃)
pa-apugrandfather (POC: *pa-abu) *apu
Bipi (60 / 104)

pakstone (POC: *patu) *batux
pa-leysail (PCEMP: *pa-layaR) *layaR
paystingray (POC: *paRi) *paRiS
pisi nime-nfingernail (POC: *bwisi)
pomkind of grass on the sea bottom (POC: *boma)
pukfishnet float (POC: *puta)
puka tree: Barringtonia sp.; fishnet float (PMP: *putat)
punbetel leaf (POC: *puqulu)
puxbanana (POC: *pudi) *punti₁
puysea turtle (POC: *poñu) *peñu
pwe-komhermit crab (POC: *koba)
salanpassage through the reef (POC: *salan-an) *zalan
sa-ŋ-akone hundred (PMP: *sa-ŋa-Ratus) *RaCus
sa-ŋ-ak100 (PMP: *ŋa)
sa-ŋ-onten (PMP: *sa-ŋa-puluq) *puluq
sa-ŋ-onten (PMP: *ŋa)
soto shoot (with an arrow) (POC: *soka)
suhto peel any fruit (PEMP: *supi)
suntorch (PMP: *suluq)
sunto roast (POC: *sulu₁)
Bipi (80 / 104)

susu-hsuck (PMP: *cupcup)
susuhto suck (POC: *susup) *supsup
takto weep, cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
talo-hthree (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
taycatch fish with a net (POC: *tail)
tito plait, weave (as a mat) (POC: *tiki)
tina-M (PMP: *t-ina) *ina
tina-nbig (PMP: *t-ina) *ina
wi-lawspiderweb, net (PMP: *lawaq₂)
wonsand (POC: *qone) *qenay
w-ono-hsix (POC: *onom) *enem
wuhlobster (POC: *quraŋ) *qudaŋ
wumhouse (PAN: *Rumaq)
wusrain (POC: *qusan) *quzaN
wuxidolphin (POC: *kuriap)
xakday (POC: *draŋi)
xamlime spatula (POC: *d(r)amut)
xa-muta-yvomitus (PCEMP: *mutaq) *utaq
xanfresh water (POC: *ranum) *daNum
xa-xanbranch of a tree (POC: *raqan) *daqan
Bipi (100 / 104)

xayblood (POC: *draRaq) *daRaq
xudugong (POC: *ruyuŋ₂) *duyuŋ₂
xuo-htwo (POC: *rua) *duSa
xuybone (POC: *ruRi) *duRi
-ʔ1sg possessive suffix; my (POC: *-gu) *-ku
84. Bisaya (159) WMP (Blust n.d. [1971]) [bsb] (Bisaya, Brunei) Brunei (dialects: Sabah 6, Lotud (Lobel 2016) 60, Limbang (Blust n.d. [1971]) [bsb] 67) [aka: Bisaya Bukid, Bisaya Bukit]
adawday (PAN: *qajaw) Limbang
aduŋnose (PWMP: *e(ŋ)juŋ) Limbang
a-gayobig (PAN: *Raya) Lotud
a-gayobig (PAN: *Raya) Lotud
akawvine, creeper (PMP: *akaR) Limbang
akawvine, creeper (PMP: *wakaR) Limbang
aku1sg. nominative pronoun: I (coarse, or non-respect form) (PAN: *aku) Bisaya
aku1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku) Limbang
ambunfog (PWMP: *ambun) Limbang
anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak Lotud
anak bagubachelor (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud
anak nak-onsibling's child (PWMP: *kam-anak-en) *aNak Bisaya
anak wagubachelor (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud
andino, not (PWMP: *hadiq) Bisaya
a-ralomdeep (PMP: *dalem) Lotud
areksniff, kiss (PMP: *hajek) *Sajek Bisaya
asudog (PAN: *asu₁) Lotud
asudog (PAN: *asu₁) Lotud
asudog (PAN: *asu₁) Limbang
asuŋmortar (PMP: *esuŋ) Bisaya
Bisaya (20 / 159)

a-taromsharp (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem Lotud
atudknee (PMP: *tuhud) *tuduS Bisaya
awuash (PMP: *qabu) Lotud
awuashes (PMP: *qabu) Lotud
bagunew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud
baug jaratwooden trigger of a noose trap (PMP: *baquR) Bisaya
bə-gə-naoto breathe (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa Limbang
beliloa featherback: Notopterus spp. (PWMP: *balida) Limbang
bolowblind (PWMP: *buleheR) Lotud
boŋoldeaf (PMP: *beŋel) Lotud
boŋoldeaf (PMP: *beŋel) Lotud
buayocrocodile (PMP: *buqaya) Lotud
buʔayocrocodile (PMP: *buqaya) Lotud
da ~ dooblique case marker for common nouns (PMP: *daₐ) *da₁ Sabah
daunleaf (PMP: *dahun) Limbang
dioblique case marker for singular personal names (PAN: *di) Lotud
diləʔtongue (PMP: *dilaq₁) Limbang
d-inothere (PMP: *i-na) *-na Bisaya
d-itihere (PAN: *i-ti) *ti Bisaya
dooblique case marker for common nouns (PMP: *daₐ) *da₁ Lotud
Bisaya (40 / 159)

duotwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa Limbang
gayobig (PAN: *Raya) Limbang
gilo-ʔoncrazy (PMP: *gila) Lotud
g-uaba yawn (PMP: *huab₂) *Suab Limbang
i-aya-ŋelder sibling (vocative form used only by male speaker) (PMP: *aya₂) Bisaya
ido3pl., they (PMP: *ida) Lotud
ikaw2sg., you (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu Lotud
i-kaw2sg., you/thou (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu Limbang
inipidream (PMP: *h<in>ipi) *Sipi Lotud
inothat (PMP: *i-na) *-na Bisaya
io3sg., he/she (PAN: *ia₁) Lotud
ipontooth (PMP: *ipen) Limbang
i-saywho? (PMP: *i-sai) *sai Limbang
itithis (PAN: *i-ti) *ti Bisaya
ito1dl. incl., we two (PAN: *ita₁) Lotud
jamiɁ1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami Limbang
kakoelder sibling (PMP: *kaka₂) Limbang
kaladitaro (PWMP: *kaladi) Limbang
kam-ama-nfather’s brother, mother’s brother (PWMP: *kam- -an) Limbang
kam-ina-naunt (PWMP: *kam- -an) Limbang
Bisaya (60 / 159)

kanuyeagle (NEAR) Limbang
kapalthick (PWMP: *kapal) Limbang
kayuwood; tree (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw Limbang
keliah niniʔsandfly (PMP: *niniq₂) Bisaya
kem-ama-nMB, MZ (PWMP: *kam-ama-an) *amax Limbang
kem-ama-n kekimuʔFZ (PWMP: *kam-ama-an) *amax Limbang
kem-ama-n mianayFB (PWMP: *kam-ama-an) *amax Limbang
ke-niab (*R > Ø sporadic)yesterday (PWMP: *niRab) Limbang
ko2sg nominative pronoun, short form (long form = ikow) (PMP: *ka₄) Sabah
-ku1sg genitive pronoun (PAN: *-ku) Limbang
kutuhead louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux Limbang
lalomdeep (PMP: *dalem) Limbang
lantaw-lantawbob on the surface of the water (PWMP: *la(n)taw) Bisaya
lasuʔhot (PAN: *lasuq₁) Limbang
l-em-antawfloat (PWMP: *la(n)taw) Bisaya
liawneck (PAN: *liqeR) Limbang
liŋkukbent (ROOT) Bisaya
liossmall louse, louse’s eggs (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeS Limbang
luŋuncoffin (PWMP: *luŋun) Lotud
lutonfirewood (PMP: *aluten) Bisaya
Bisaya (80 / 159)

m-adawdaytime (PAN: *ma-qajaw) *qajaw Limbang
ma-kanto eat (PAN: *ma-kaen) *kaen Limbang
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk) Lotud
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk) Lotud
manuk-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk Lotud
manuk-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk Lotud
masəʔwet (PMP: *ma-baseq) *baseq Limbang
matoeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa Lotud
matoeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa Limbang
mato adawsun (‘eye of the day’) (PAN: *mata nu qalejaw) *maCa Limbang
mən-tuoold (of people and animals) (PMP: *ma-tuqah) *tuqaS Limbang
m-inumto drink (PMP: *um-inum) *inum Lotud
minumto drink (PMP: *um-inum) *inum Lotud
mo-itomblack (PMP: *ma-qitem) *qitem Lotud
mo-molito buy (PMP: *beli) Lotud
munuŋbeak (PWMP: *munuŋ) Sabah
musomsour (PWMP: *ma-qalesem) *qalesem Limbang
muyu-n2pl. nominative, you all (PMP: *kamu-yu) *amu Limbang
nantabcut grass (PAN: *CabCab) Bisaya
nimarker of the genitive case of singular personal names (PAN: *ni) Lotud
Bisaya (100 / 159)

nihthat (PAN: *-ni) Bisaya
nugenitive case marker for common nouns (PAN: *nu₃) Lotud
nu-ruŋawto hear (PMP: *deŋeR) Limbang
ŋaloldull, blunt (PWMP: *ŋazel) Limbang
ŋaranname (PMP: *ŋajan) Limbang
ŋa-rəŋəwto hear (PMP: *deŋeR) Bisaya
oku1sg., I (PAN: *aku) Lotud
o-poʔitbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC Lotud
palaŋhaving patches of black and white (of dogs or cats) (PWMP: *palaŋ₂) Limbang
peŋ-asirice wine (PWMP: *asi₃) Limbang
piakbaby chick (PAN: *piak) Lotud
piakbaby chick (PAN: *piak) Lotud
piliʔ-onto choose (PWMP: *piliq-en) *piliq Lotud
potiukanbee (PWMP: *patiukan) Lotud
puokowl (PWMP: *puek) Limbang
pusukpeak, summit (PAN: *qapucuk) Limbang
puun kayubase of a tree; counting classifier for trees (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw Limbang
ragaŋred (PWMP: *deRaŋ) Limbang
rahaʔblood (PAN: *daRaq) Lotud
rahaʔblood (PAN: *daRaq) Lotud
Bisaya (120 / 159)

ramukrotten (wood) (ROOT) Limbang
raŋgaŋfar apart, widely spaced; seldom (PWMP: *zaRaŋ) Bisaya
raʔblood (PAN: *daRaq) Limbang
raʔanbranch (PMP: *daqan₁) *daqan Lotud
rigihouse post (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi Limbang
riteʔblowpipe poison (PWMP: *ziteq) Limbang
sabaɁdownriver (PWMP: *sabaq) Limbang
sa laləmin, inside (PMP: *dalem) Bisaya
saowife (PAN: *qasawa) Limbang
sawowife (PAN: *qasawa) Bisaya
si-alomin, inside (PMP: *dalem) Limbang
sikuelbow (PAN: *sikux) Lotud
sodomant (PWMP: *sejem) Sabah
sodomant (PWMP: *sejem) Lotud
sodomant (PWMP: *sejem) Lotud
sudaycomb (PWMP: *sunday) Sabah
sukabopen (PMP: *su(ŋ)kab) Limbang
surudlice comb (PWMP: *sujud) Sabah
surudcomb (PWMP: *sujud) Limbang
susufemale breast (PAN: *susu₁) Lotud
Bisaya (140 / 159)

susufemale breast (PAN: *susu₁) Lotud
talirope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS Bisaya
taluthree (PAN: *telu) Limbang
tanaʔearth (PMP: *taneq) Lotud
tanaʔearth (PMP: *taneq) Lotud
tanəʔearth, soil (PMP: *taneq) Limbang
taunyear (PMP: *taqun) Limbang
taʔiʔfeces (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi Lotud
teliŋoear (PMP: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa Bisaya
tə-tuoolder people, elders (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS Limbang
tikusrat (LOAN) Lotud
tikusrat (LOAN) Limbang
tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ) Lotud
tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ) Limbang
t<um>aʔiʔto defecate (PMP: *t<um>aqi) *Caqi Lotud
tuoold, of people (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS Bisaya
utokbrain (PMP: *hutek) Lotud
utokbrain (PMP: *hutek) Lotud
wagunew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud
Bisaya (Limbang) (67) WMP (Blust n.d. [1971]) [bsb] (Bisaya, Brunei) Brunei
adawday (PAN: *qajaw) Limbang
aduŋnose (PWMP: *e(ŋ)juŋ) Limbang
akawvine, creeper (PMP: *akaR) Limbang
akawvine, creeper (PMP: *wakaR) Limbang
aku1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku) Limbang
ambunfog (PWMP: *ambun) Limbang
asudog (PAN: *asu₁) Limbang
bə-gə-naoto breathe (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa Limbang
beliloa featherback: Notopterus spp. (PWMP: *balida) Limbang
daunleaf (PMP: *dahun) Limbang
diləʔtongue (PMP: *dilaq₁) Limbang
duotwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa Limbang
gayobig (PAN: *Raya) Limbang
g-uaba yawn (PMP: *huab₂) *Suab Limbang
i-kaw2sg., you/thou (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu Limbang
ipontooth (PMP: *ipen) Limbang
i-saywho? (PMP: *i-sai) *sai Limbang
jamiɁ1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami Limbang
kakoelder sibling (PMP: *kaka₂) Limbang
kaladitaro (PWMP: *kaladi) Limbang
Bisaya (Limbang) (20 / 67)

kam-ama-nfather’s brother, mother’s brother (PWMP: *kam- -an) Limbang
kam-ina-naunt (PWMP: *kam- -an) Limbang
kanuyeagle (NEAR) Limbang
kapalthick (PWMP: *kapal) Limbang
kayuwood; tree (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw Limbang
kem-ama-nMB, MZ (PWMP: *kam-ama-an) *amax Limbang
kem-ama-n kekimuʔFZ (PWMP: *kam-ama-an) *amax Limbang
kem-ama-n mianayFB (PWMP: *kam-ama-an) *amax Limbang
ke-niab (*R > Ø sporadic)yesterday (PWMP: *niRab) Limbang
-ku1sg genitive pronoun (PAN: *-ku) Limbang
kutuhead louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux Limbang
lalomdeep (PMP: *dalem) Limbang
lasuʔhot (PAN: *lasuq₁) Limbang
liawneck (PAN: *liqeR) Limbang
liossmall louse, louse’s eggs (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeS Limbang
m-adawdaytime (PAN: *ma-qajaw) *qajaw Limbang
ma-kanto eat (PAN: *ma-kaen) *kaen Limbang
masəʔwet (PMP: *ma-baseq) *baseq Limbang
matoeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa Limbang
mato adawsun (‘eye of the day’) (PAN: *mata nu qalejaw) *maCa Limbang
Bisaya (Limbang) (40 / 67)

mən-tuoold (of people and animals) (PMP: *ma-tuqah) *tuqaS Limbang
musomsour (PWMP: *ma-qalesem) *qalesem Limbang
muyu-n2pl. nominative, you all (PMP: *kamu-yu) *amu Limbang
nu-ruŋawto hear (PMP: *deŋeR) Limbang
ŋaloldull, blunt (PWMP: *ŋazel) Limbang
ŋaranname (PMP: *ŋajan) Limbang
palaŋhaving patches of black and white (of dogs or cats) (PWMP: *palaŋ₂) Limbang
peŋ-asirice wine (PWMP: *asi₃) Limbang
puokowl (PWMP: *puek) Limbang
pusukpeak, summit (PAN: *qapucuk) Limbang
puun kayubase of a tree; counting classifier for trees (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw Limbang
ragaŋred (PWMP: *deRaŋ) Limbang
ramukrotten (wood) (ROOT) Limbang
raʔblood (PAN: *daRaq) Limbang
rigihouse post (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi Limbang
riteʔblowpipe poison (PWMP: *ziteq) Limbang
sabaɁdownriver (PWMP: *sabaq) Limbang
saowife (PAN: *qasawa) Limbang
si-alomin, inside (PMP: *dalem) Limbang
sukabopen (PMP: *su(ŋ)kab) Limbang
Bisaya (Limbang) (60 / 67)

surudcomb (PWMP: *sujud) Limbang
taluthree (PAN: *telu) Limbang
tanəʔearth, soil (PMP: *taneq) Limbang
taunyear (PMP: *taqun) Limbang
tə-tuoolder people, elders (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS Limbang
tikusrat (LOAN) Limbang
tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ) Limbang

Bisaya (Lotud) (60) WMP (Lobel 2016)
a-gayobig (PAN: *Raya) Lotud
a-gayobig (PAN: *Raya) Lotud
anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak Lotud
anak bagubachelor (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud
anak wagubachelor (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud
a-ralomdeep (PMP: *dalem) Lotud
asudog (PAN: *asu₁) Lotud
asudog (PAN: *asu₁) Lotud
a-taromsharp (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem Lotud
awuash (PMP: *qabu) Lotud
awuashes (PMP: *qabu) Lotud
bagunew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud
bolowblind (PWMP: *buleheR) Lotud
boŋoldeaf (PMP: *beŋel) Lotud
boŋoldeaf (PMP: *beŋel) Lotud
buayocrocodile (PMP: *buqaya) Lotud
buʔayocrocodile (PMP: *buqaya) Lotud
dioblique case marker for singular personal names (PAN: *di) Lotud
dooblique case marker for common nouns (PMP: *daₐ) *da₁ Lotud
gilo-ʔoncrazy (PMP: *gila) Lotud
Bisaya (Lotud) (20 / 60)

ido3pl., they (PMP: *ida) Lotud
ikaw2sg., you (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu Lotud
inipidream (PMP: *h<in>ipi) *Sipi Lotud
io3sg., he/she (PAN: *ia₁) Lotud
ito1dl. incl., we two (PAN: *ita₁) Lotud
luŋuncoffin (PWMP: *luŋun) Lotud
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk) Lotud
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk) Lotud
manuk-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk Lotud
manuk-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk Lotud
matoeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa Lotud
m-inumto drink (PMP: *um-inum) *inum Lotud
minumto drink (PMP: *um-inum) *inum Lotud
mo-itomblack (PMP: *ma-qitem) *qitem Lotud
mo-molito buy (PMP: *beli) Lotud
nimarker of the genitive case of singular personal names (PAN: *ni) Lotud
nugenitive case marker for common nouns (PAN: *nu₃) Lotud
oku1sg., I (PAN: *aku) Lotud
o-poʔitbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC Lotud
piakbaby chick (PAN: *piak) Lotud
Bisaya (Lotud) (40 / 60)

piakbaby chick (PAN: *piak) Lotud
piliʔ-onto choose (PWMP: *piliq-en) *piliq Lotud
potiukanbee (PWMP: *patiukan) Lotud
rahaʔblood (PAN: *daRaq) Lotud
rahaʔblood (PAN: *daRaq) Lotud
raʔanbranch (PMP: *daqan₁) *daqan Lotud
sikuelbow (PAN: *sikux) Lotud
sodomant (PWMP: *sejem) Lotud
sodomant (PWMP: *sejem) Lotud
susufemale breast (PAN: *susu₁) Lotud
susufemale breast (PAN: *susu₁) Lotud
tanaʔearth (PMP: *taneq) Lotud
tanaʔearth (PMP: *taneq) Lotud
taʔiʔfeces (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi Lotud
tikusrat (LOAN) Lotud
tulaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ) Lotud
t<um>aʔiʔto defecate (PMP: *t<um>aqi) *Caqi Lotud
utokbrain (PMP: *hutek) Lotud
utokbrain (PMP: *hutek) Lotud
wagunew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh Lotud

Bisaya (Sabah) (6) WMP
da ~ dooblique case marker for common nouns (PMP: *daₐ) *da₁ Sabah
ko2sg nominative pronoun, short form (long form = ikow) (PMP: *ka₄) Sabah
munuŋbeak (PWMP: *munuŋ) Sabah
sodomant (PWMP: *sejem) Sabah
sudaycomb (PWMP: *sunday) Sabah
surudlice comb (PWMP: *sujud) Sabah

Bisaya Bukid (26) WMP. see: Bisaya
Bisaya Bukit (26) WMP. see: Bisaya
85. Bisayan (Panay) (3) WMP [aki] (Inakeanon) Philippines [aka: Panay Bisayan]
kanaluma tree: Diospyros ahernii Merr. (Madulid 2001) (PPH: *kanadem)
latoŋTrema cannabina Lour. (Madulid 2001) (PMP: *lateŋ) *laCeŋ
sudu-sudua shrub: Euphorbia neriifolia L. (PWMP: *sudu-sudu)
86. Blaan (57) WMP (dialects: Koronadal (Reid 1971) [bpr] 28, Sarangani (Reid 1971) [bps] 29) [aka: Bilaan]
anithis (PAN: *qani₁) *qani Sarangani
anɨmweave a mat (PMP: *añem) Sarangani
balashoulder next to the neck (PMP: *qabaRa₁) Koronadal
bɨŋɨfruit (PMP: *buŋa) Koronadal
bululmountain (PWMP: *bulud₂) Koronadal
buŋɨfruit (PMP: *buŋa) Sarangani
bwoyacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya) Koronadal
dalilroot (PMP: *dalij) Koronadal
dinihere (PAN: *di-ni) *-ni Koronadal
d-ituʔthere (3p) (PWMP: *di-tu) *-Cu Koronadal
falɨlpalm of the hand (PMP: *palaj₁) Koronadal
fantadshore (PWMP: *pantad) Koronadal
feʔetbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC Sarangani
fificheek (PMP: *pihpih) *piSpiS Sarangani
filɨhow many? (PAN: *pijax) Sarangani
fisɔa boil (PWMP: *pi(R)sa) Koronadal
fitakmud (PMP: *pitak₁) Sarangani
fitakmud (PPh: *pitek) Sarangani
f-otikill (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay Koronadal
fufuŋheart (NEAR) Koronadal
Blaan (20 / 57)

fulɨʔred (PMP: *pulaq) Koronadal
fyɨgood (PMP: *pia₂) Koronadal
gami1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami Sarangani
gamu2pl. nominative, you all (PMP: *kamu₂) *amu Sarangani
kwananright side (PAN: *ka-wanaN) *wanaN Koronadal
labatfence (PPH: *labat) Sarangani
lawɨhbody (PWMP: *lawas₂) Koronadal
libunwoman (NOISE) Koronadal
lifanslave (PWMP: *qudipen) Sarangani
liŋɨhear (PWMP: *liŋa₂) Sarangani
lohokrib (PAN: *Rusuk) Koronadal
ltu dunoon (PPh: *ugtu) Koronadal
luguŋthunder (PMP: *ru(ŋ)guŋ) Koronadal
lumaʔsheath for bolo (PAN: *Rumaq) Sarangani
lutayabaca (PPH: *qaRutay) Sarangani
maguto walk (PMP: *l<um>akaw) *lakaw Sarangani
m-atidead (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay Koronadal
ma-ʔfather (PMP: *ema-q) *ema₁ Sarangani
m-inithot (PPh: *ma-qinit) *qinit Sarangani
m-lunugreen (PPH: *luh(e)naw) Koronadal
Blaan (40 / 57)

-om-subject focus, future tense (PMP: *<um>) *-um- Sarangani
safsuck (PAN: *qesep) Koronadal
silaʔlightning (PMP: *silaq) Sarangani
suludto push (PAN: *sulud₂) Sarangani
suludto push (PPH: *suRud) Sarangani
suʔalthorn (PAN: *suqaR) Sarangani
swatcomb (PMP: *suat₁) Sarangani
tadagto stand (PWMP: *ta(n)zeg) Sarangani
takadheel (PWMP: *taked₁) Sarangani
talirope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS Sarangani
t-biliŋto turn (PMP: *biliŋ) Koronadal
toperson (PMP: *tau₁) *Cau Koronadal
tuʔahold, of people (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS Koronadal
t-waliyounger sibling, younger cousin (PMP: *ta-huaji) *Suaji Sarangani
uladsnake (PMP: *qulej) Koronadal
uladsnake (PMP: *qulej) Sarangani
ulɨnrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN Koronadal
Blaan (Koronadal) (28) WMP (Reid 1971) [bpr] (Blaan, Koronadal) Philippines
balashoulder next to the neck (PMP: *qabaRa₁) Koronadal
bɨŋɨfruit (PMP: *buŋa) Koronadal
bululmountain (PWMP: *bulud₂) Koronadal
bwoyacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya) Koronadal
dalilroot (PMP: *dalij) Koronadal
dinihere (PAN: *di-ni) *-ni Koronadal
d-ituʔthere (3p) (PWMP: *di-tu) *-Cu Koronadal
falɨlpalm of the hand (PMP: *palaj₁) Koronadal
fantadshore (PWMP: *pantad) Koronadal
fisɔa boil (PWMP: *pi(R)sa) Koronadal
f-otikill (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay Koronadal
fufuŋheart (NEAR) Koronadal
fulɨʔred (PMP: *pulaq) Koronadal
fyɨgood (PMP: *pia₂) Koronadal
kwananright side (PAN: *ka-wanaN) *wanaN Koronadal
lawɨhbody (PWMP: *lawas₂) Koronadal
libunwoman (NOISE) Koronadal
lohokrib (PAN: *Rusuk) Koronadal
ltu dunoon (PPh: *ugtu) Koronadal
luguŋthunder (PMP: *ru(ŋ)guŋ) Koronadal
Blaan (Koronadal) (20 / 28)

m-atidead (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay Koronadal
m-lunugreen (PPH: *luh(e)naw) Koronadal
safsuck (PAN: *qesep) Koronadal
t-biliŋto turn (PMP: *biliŋ) Koronadal
toperson (PMP: *tau₁) *Cau Koronadal
tuʔahold, of people (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS Koronadal
uladsnake (PMP: *qulej) Koronadal
ulɨnrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN Koronadal

87. Blablanga (2) OC
buloturn (POC: *bulos)
turuto sleep (POC: *turuR) *tuduR
88. Boanaki (1) OC
posikayam (POC: *pwatika)
89. Boano (57) WMP (Himmelmann 2001) [bzn] Indonesia (Maluku)
aʔunleaf (PMP: *dahun)
da-daantrail, track (PAN: *za-zalan) *zalan
elaneladder (PMP: *haRezan)
ka-asipity (PMP: *ka-qasiq) *qasiq
kasorafter (PMP: *kasaw₁)
kayoheadhunting (PMP: *kayaw) *ŋayaw
kaʔanto eat (PAN: *kaen)
-ku1sg possessive suffix: my (PAN: *-ku)
laŋanname (PMP: *ŋajan)
laʔablood (PAN: *daRaq)
leʔeneck (PAN: *liqeR)
lisaʔnit, egg of a louse (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeS
losuŋmortar, rice-pounder (PMP: *lesuŋ)
ma-ataʔunripe (PAN: *ma-qataq) *qataq
ma-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk
man-dakanto boil, cook (in pot, water) (PMP: *zakan)
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk)
maŋayogo headhunting (PMP: *ma-ŋayaw) *ŋayaw
mog-uaŋto howl, of a dog (PAN: *quaŋ₂)
mo-lakoto walk (PMP: *lakaw)
Boano (20 / 57)

mo-miliʔto choose (PWMP: *ma-miliq) *piliq
mo-nambunito hide (something) (PWMP: *sambuni)
moŋ-okopto brood, sit on egg (PMP: *ekep)
mo-tianpregnant (PMP: *tian) *tiaN
ninacalm (water) (PMP: *linaw)
nipaʔa swamp palm: Nipa fruticans (PMP: *nipaq)
nipisthin (object) (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis
pantadsandbank (PWMP: *pantad)
paʔathigh (PAN: *paqa₁)
paʔidto wipe (PWMP: *paqid)
paʔitbitter (PMP: *paqit₂) *paqiC
pikota fly (PWMP: *piket₁)
pituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
pogi-ama-ŋ-anuncle (PWMP: *paRi-amax) *amax
pog-ina-ŋ-anaunt (PWMP: *paR-ina-an) *ina
pusuʔheart (PMP: *pusuq₁)
putiʔwhite (PMP: *putiq)
sabugto sow (scattering the seeds) (PMP: *sabuR)
sakoyEguest (PWMP: *sakay₃)
sawasnake (PMP: *sawa)
Boano (40 / 57)

sukatmeasurement (PWMP: *sukat)
sumpit-anblowgun (PMP: *sumpit)
susubreast (PAN: *susu₁)
tau doagovirgin, young girl (PWMP: *da-daRa) *daRa₂
tianbelly (PMP: *tian) *tiaN
toŋaʔmiddle, center (PMP: *teŋaq)
tu-hunaspray patient with healing saliva (PMP: *buRah) *buReS
uaŋhowling of a dog (PAN: *quaŋ₂)
ubisweet potato (PMP: *qubi)
ugat limalines in the palm of the hand (PMP: *uRat i lima) *huRaC
umpakskin (of a person) (PWMP: *upak₁)
umpanbait (PMP: *qumpan)
umpanbait (PWMP: *umpan)
upitcarry under the arm (PWMP: *upit)
usukrib (PAN: *Rusuk)
utanvegetables (PMP: *qutan) *quCaN
utokbrain (PMP: *hutek)
90. Boano₂ (36) CMP (Collins 1983)
alarice (PAN: *pajay)
alajaw (PMP: *qazay)
ani-asibling (PCEMP: *waji) *Suaji
aufire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
au-ne1sg., I, me (PAN: *aku)
eleto stand (PMP: *kedeŋ)
ho-niodor (PMP: *bahu)
ia-le3sg., he, she, it (PAN: *ia₁)
inahow much/how many? (PAN: *pijax)
inuto drink (PMP: *inum)
ite1pl., incl., we (PAN: *ita₁)
lalandward (PAN: *daya)
lai-adirt (PMP: *daki)
lalablood (PAN: *daRaq)
lalanepath, road (PMP: *zalan)
laleinside (PMP: *dalem)
latuchief (PMP: *datu)
leafathom (PAN: *depah)
lilipost (PCEMP: *adiRi) *SadiRi
-loufar (PMP: *zauq)
Boano₂ (20 / 36)

luatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
luato vomit (PMP: *luaq)
luinedugong (PCEMP: *ruyuŋ₂) *duyuŋ₂
maladry (PMP: *maja)
muliback (PCEMP: *m-udi) *udehi
naansail (PAN: *layaR)
nananame (PMP: *ŋajan)
n-enugall, gall bladder (PAN: *qapejux)
nianecave (PMP: *liaŋ)
n-inunose (PMP: *ijuŋ)
o2sg., you (PMP: *kahu) *kaSu
siluladle (PMP: *si(n)duk)
siuelbow (PAN: *sikux)
tai-afeces (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
ulanerain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
ulenpot (PAN: *kuden)
91. Bobot (12) CMP (Collins n.d. a) [bty] Indonesia (Maluku)
hatistone (PMP: *batu) *batux
kanto eat (PAN: *kaen)
kasatto bite (PMP: *kaRat) *kaRaC
lakitsky (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
lasablood (PAN: *daRaq)
manowato breathe (PMP: *ma-ñawa) *NiSawa
nihantooth (PAN: *nipen)
rakitweep, cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
susi-nfemale breast (PAN: *susu₁)
talikanear (PMP: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa
uli-nhead (PCEMP: *qulu) *quluh
yata-nliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
92. Bola (10) OC
ka-kaiboss (POC: *kai)
karakato crawl (POC: *kaRaka)
koropubic hair (POC: *koRo)
malosteep face of reef that goes down into the deep (POC: *mwaloq)
mo-dolomdark, become dark (POC: *drolom) *delem
(pa)-sikecrouch (POC: *tike)
tabalaside of the head (POC: *tabal)
tauto hang up (POC: *tau₂) *tau
tua-bone (POC: *tuqa₂)
visoknife (PMP: *pisaw)
Bolaang Mongondow (1021) WMP. see: Mongondow
93. Bolango (1) WMP (Usup 1981)
litaegg of a louse, esp. head louse (PMP: *lisehaq, liseqah) *liseqeS
Bolinao (13) WMP. see: Sambal (Bolinaw)
Bolongan (26) WMP. see: Bulungan
94. Bonerate (35) WMP (Collins n.d. b) [bna] Indonesia (Sulawesi)
aefoot/leg (PAN: *qaqay)
amafather (PAN: *amax)
apifire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
ateliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
daʔobad, evil (PWMP: *zaqet)
deyuneedle (PAN: *zaRum)
duatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
i-komiu2pl.; you all (PMP: *kamu-yu) *amu
kahoto scratch (PAN: *kaRaw₁)
kuliskin (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC
kutulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
laŋisky (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
ma-ŋato eat (PMP: *ma-ŋaen) *kaen
mehared (PMP: *ma-iRaq)
mo-anaright side (PMP: *ma-wanan) *waNan
mo-bohaheavy (PMP: *ma-beReqat) *beReqat
mo-nihithin (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis
mo-turuto sleep (PMP: *ma-tuduR) *tuduR
naŋuto swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy
ŋaname (PMP: *ŋajan)
Bonerate (20 / 35)

onesand (PAN: *qenay)
pilito choose (PAN: *piliq)
rahablood (PAN: *daRaq)
taɓafat, grease (PWMP: *tabeq)
taisea (PMP: *tasik)
ta-likuback (PMP: *ta-likud) *likud
taʔuyear (PMP: *taqun)
titifemale breast (PMP: *titiq)
toluthree (PAN: *telu)
tumbuto grow (PMP: *tubuq, tumbuq) *Cubuq
tunuto burn (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh
vatustone (PMP: *batu) *batux
vituʔostar (PAN: *bituqen)
volato split (PAN: *belaq)
vulufeather (PMP: *bulu₁)
95. Bonfia (10) CMP (Collins n.d. a) [bnf] (Masiwang) Indonesia (Maluku)
fātfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
ilethey, them (PMP: *ida)
lasablood (PAN: *daRaq)
leteabove (PCMP: *letay₁)
sumahouse (PAN: *Rumaq)
wai(s)water (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR
wasatroot (PMP: *waRej)
y-ā1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku)
yāffire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
yamafather (PAN: *amax)
96. Bonga (2) OC (Tryon 1976)
manivi-nivthin (POC: *manipi-nipis) *Nipis
mbito-navel (POC: *bito)
97. Bonggi (27) WMP (Lobel 2016) [bdg] Malaysia (Sabah) [aka: Banggi]
adeksniff, smell (PMP: *hajek) *Sajek
ameʔfather (PMP: *ama-q) *amax
aregback (PWMP: *edeg)
atiliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
bataŋlog, tree trunk (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
batustone (PMP: *batu) *batux
di-adn1sg oblique (PAN: *aken₁)
doudnleaf (PMP: *dahun)
e-siwho? (PMP: *i-sai) *sai
kosogstrong (PAN: *keseR)
-ku/hu1sg genitive pronoun (PAN: *-ku)
l<əm>oŋito swim (PWMP: *l<um>aŋuy) *laŋuy
m-piagood (PMP: *ma-pia) *pia₂
munuŋlip (PWMP: *munuŋ)
-nu2sg possessor and non-subject agent (PAN: *-nu₂)
oduday (PAN: *qajaw)
o-nuwhat? (PAN: *-nu₁)
ou1sg. focused actor pronoun: I (PAN: *aku)
saaspouse (PAN: *qasawa)
saŋabranch (PMP: *saŋa₁)
Bonggi (20 / 27)

sariglean on a wall (PMP: *sandiR)
sihutrat (LOAN)
tadabmsharp (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem
talirope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS
tigaᵇmoyster (PMP: *tiRem)
tilugegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
tonokmosquito (PPH: *taRenek)
98. Bonkovia (17) OC (Tryon 1976) [bnk] (Bierebo) Vanuatu
čuatwo (POC: *rua) *duSa
kamelimen’s house (PMP: *kamaliR)
kitawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁
mito come (POC: *maRi) *aRi
mwarasnake (POC: *mwata)
ñamumosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)
pwapu-MB (NOISE)
souwerat (POC: *kasupe) *kazupay
surulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
telirope (POC: *tali₁) *CaliS
tisea (PMP: *tasik)
vistingray (POC: *paRi) *paRiS
viahow much/how many? (POC: *pica) *pijax
waluapaddle (POC: *paluca) *aluja
wiwater (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR
yuarain (POC: *qusan) *quzaN
yuwiyam (PMP: *qubi)
99. Bontok (1105) WMP (Reid 1976, Reid p.c.) [bnc] (Bontoc, Central) Philippines
babathe lowlands, particularly the Ilocos region (PMP: *babaq₁)
bábadsoak (PPh: *bábad)
ba-báiwoman; female; girl (PAN: *ba-bahi) *bahi
bábuyold male pig, boar (PAN: *babuy₃)
badbaduntangle, unwind (PWMP: *bajbaj)
bágatbuttocks; female genitals (NOISE)
bágaysuitable; fitting; right; becoming; well-matched (PWMP: *bagay)
bágaysuitable; fitting; right; becoming; well-matched (LOAN)
báifemale animal (PMP: *bahi)
bákana tall tree, felled especially for use as a kabowánan (‘moonlight’) log to provide fuel for the men’s ward house; the wood is also used for making vessels, and its sap is said to cause irritation of the skin: Litsea perrottetii (Blm.) F.-Vill. (Lauraceae) (PWMP: *bakan)
bákastear, as cloth; break up; pull down; destroy, of anything that has been made (PMP: *bakas₂)
bakbakfrog (PAN: *bakbak₂)
bakbákfrog (PPH: *bakbak₃)
balálung (PAN: *baRaq₁)
balábaglie crosswise, as a person lying across the narrow part of a sleeping mat; be in a horizontal position, of something that should be vertical (PPh: *bala(R)báR)
bálaŋtake anything, not be particular (PMP: *baraŋ₁) *baraŋ
bálatbanana plant: Musa sp. (NEAR)
bálatbanana plant, including fruit (NOISE)
balátuŋkind of small, black bean: Vigna sp. (PWMP: *balatuŋ)
baləŋto preserve corn kernels by salting them down in a jar (PAN: *baleŋ₂)
Bontok (20 / 1105)

báləsto revenge; to pay back (PAN: *bales₁)
balíevade, cheat, deceive (PMP: *bali₄)
bálibe included, as a child in a game (PPh: *báli)
balíkind of basket weave, having a spiraling or coiling pattern (NOISE)
balígathe shed stick used for tightening the woof when weaving with a back loom (PMP: *balija) *baRija
baliktádturn inside out, as clothes; turn over, turn upside down (PPh: *baliketád)
balintuwágfall on one's head; tumble end over end (PWMP: *balin-tuaj)
balíw-anchange, as one's habits or appearance (PPh: *baliw-an) *baliw₂
ballukusmall head basket having a lid (NOISE)
balúnew; unmarried man, youth (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
báludprisoner (PPH: *balud)
bálud-ənto bind; to tie up; to imprison (PPH: *balud-en) *balud
bálunfood taken from the village to be used as a lunch (PWMP: *balun₂)
baluŋábiŋcock's comb and wattles (NOISE)
banálkind of vine, commonly used for binding shoulder loads of firewood. Smilax bracteata Presl. (PMP: *banaR₁) *baNaR
banúgAsiatic sparrow hawk, Accipiter virgatus confusus (PPh: *banúR)
banyákawtall tree, the wood of which is used for making pestles and spear shafts: Dysoxylon sp. (Meliac.) (PPh: *baniákaw)
baŋbaŋto bury, as a dead animal or rubbish (PMP: *baŋbaŋ₃)
baŋ-báŋunsmall herb with aromatic leaves and stems: Ocimum sanctum L. (PWMP: *baŋun-baŋun)
baŋkáwa kind of spear having a plain blade without barbs (PWMP: *baŋkaw)
Bontok (40 / 1105)

báŋunawaken; get up from a prone position (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN
baŋun-ənbe awakened (PWMP: *baŋun-en) *baŋuN
baŋʔəsto have spoiled, as cooked rice, vegetables or cooked meat (PMP: *baŋ(e)qes)
basáwet (PMP: *baseq)
basbas-ənto unravel; to take apart, of basket weaving; to undo (PPH: *basbas₅) *basbas₄
básisugarcane wine (PPH: *bási)
bátaŋsmall to medium-sized shrub: Blumea (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
bat-bátaŋsmall to medium-sized shrub: Blumea (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
bátəkany tattoo other than a man's chest tattoo, especially a woman's arm tattoo (PMP: *batek)
bátəkany tattoo other than a man’s chest tattoo, especially a woman’s arm tattoo (PMP: *batek)
batústone, rock (PMP: *batu) *batux
bátugbeside, adjacent to; one’s partner in dancing (PPH: *batuR₂)
batug-ənto be beside something; adjacent to (PPH: *batuR₂)
báugto have never married; one who has never married (as a woman who is always complaining) (PPH: *báqug)
baulclothes trunk (LOAN)
báwito be sorry; disconsolate (PPH: *báwiq)
báyadpayment; to pay (PMP: *bayaD)
baybaysea, any large body of water (PPh: *baybáy)
baʔáya hairy, leguminous vine, which yields fibers used for making twine; the vine itself is used for binding and tying: Pueraria javanica Benth. (PMP: *bahay) *baSay
bədbədto bundle, as a pile of loose items; tie up, wrap up; a bundle (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej
Bontok (60 / 1105)

bədbəd-ənto bundle, as a pile of loose items; to tie up; to wrap up; a bundle (PPh: *bejbej-en) *bejbej
bəgásfruit; seed; the fleshy part of fruit; meat, as distinct from bone or fat; bear fruit, especially of rice, when the grain is ripe, but also of other crops, as beans, as well as fruit-bearing trees (PMP: *beRas)
bəkágto open; to blossom, of a flower (PWMP: *bekaj)
bəkágto open; to blossom, of a flower (PMP: *be(ŋ)kaR)
bəláytiredness; be tired (PPh: *belay)
bəlkasthe first taking of food or drink, or the performing of other activities which have been previously forbidden due to one's having participated in some ceremony; the first day after a ceremonial holiday which has been extended because of the occurrence of a rainbow (PWMP: *belekas)
bəŋbəŋbe overgrown, as a long abandoned field (PMP: *beŋbeŋ₃)
bəŋətedge; border, as of a village, river or garden (PPh: *beŋet₁)
bəŋwita hooked wire for getting meat from a boiling vat; get meat from a vat using this instrument (PPh: *beŋuit)
bətə́kanything used for binding, as rope or vine; to bind, as a load of sticks (PPh: *beték)
bətabreak open, as overripe berries or cooked kernels of corn (PMP: *betaq₂)
bətabreak open, as overripe berries or cooked kernels of corn (PWMP: *beta₁)
bətákcracked, as dry ground or a clay jar (PMP: *betak)
bətbətstrike a blow with a bladed instrument into something soft, as a banana stalk or someone's flesh (PMP: *betbet)
bətəka unit of harvested rice, consisting of fifty bundles; anything used for binding, as rope or vine; to bind, as a load of sticks (PPH: *betek₄) *betek₃
bigládo something abruptly, suddenly or forcefully; grow quickly; die without warning (PPh: *big(e)láq)
bíkasindustrious; energetic (PWMP: *bikas)
bilágto spread out, as bundles of rice to dry in the sun; unfold; to mature, of mushrooms (PMP: *bilaj)
bílaŋto count; the importance or worth, of people (PAN: *bilaŋ₁)
bilaŋ-ənto count (PWMP: *bilaŋ-en) *bilaŋ₁
Bontok (80 / 1105)

bílatscar (PMP: *bilat₂)
bílatscar (ROOT)
bílinto command; to order; law; commandment (PWMP: *bilin)
bilusk.o. plant: Acalypha angatensis Blco. (Madulid 2001) (PPH: *abilus)
bínatto stretch, as an elastic band or a sweater; to pull tight, as a loose thread (PWMP: *binat)
bínatto stretch, as an elastic band or a sweater; pull tight, as a loose thread (ROOT)
b<in>gas-anpounded rice (PPh: *b<in>eRas) *beRas
b<in>ulbúlrice and beans cooked together, as a viand (PPh: *b<in>uRbuR) *buRbuR₁
bisbisthe period of heavy rain at the beginning of the dolʔok season (PMP: *bisbis)
bitilfamine; hunger caused by food shortage, as during a famine (PMP: *bitil₁)
bubúŋcross thatching over the ridgepole of a house (PMP: *bubuŋ₁)
búgakind of soft, white rock (PPh: *búgaq)
búgatvulva, female genitals (NOISE)
búgawto shout, to proclaim, especially of pronouncements shouted from a men's ward to the village (PAN: *buRaw)
bugnáysmall tree bearing edible fruits: Ardisia sp. (Myrsinac.) (PWMP: *buRnay)
bugtúŋan only child; a single offspring in a delivery, of animals that normally have litters (PPh: *bug(e)túŋ)
bugtúŋan only child; a single offspring in a delivery, of animals that normally have litters (PPH: *buR(e)túŋ)
bukbúkkind of small, black insect, found in old preserved meat or dried lumps of water buffalo feces (PMP: *bukbuk₃)
bukə́lclump; stick pieces together so they form a lump, as cooked sweet potato or mud (PWMP: *bukel)
buktútprotrude, bulge, as part of a terrace wall or the stomach of a pregnant woman (PPh: *buk(e)tút)
Bontok (100 / 1105)

bukúinternode, as of bamboo or sugarcane (PMP: *bukuh)
bulápush out of one's mouth with the tongue; spit out (PMP: *buRah) *buReS
bulaball (LOAN)
búlakbreak up, as a group of people or a segmented fruit (NOISE)
búlanmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
bulan-ənspend a month (PWMP: *bulan-en) *bulaN
bulbúlcook rice and beans together (PMP: *buRbuR₁)
buldíŋhave a white patch in one or both eyes (PPh: *bul(e)díŋ)
bulílead (metal) (PMP: *buliq₁)
bulilíta small, thin person; one whose growth appears stunted (PPh: *bulilít)
bulintika child's marble (ROOT)
bullága person having one blind eye (PPh: *bulág)
bulsápocket (LOAN)
bulúwash one's hands (PMP: *bulu₂)
búludto borrow money or other commodity (PPh: *bulud₁)
bulud-ənborrow (PPh: *bulud-en) *bulud₁
bulúkrotten (meat with a bad smell) (PAN: *buRuk)
búlusto flow, of a river; to slide forward, as a snake; to roll or slither down a slope, as a person (PWMP: *bulus)
b<um>áŋunawaken, get up from a prone position (PPh: *b<um>aŋun) *baŋuN
b<um>áyupound with pestle and mortar in order to remove the husk from the kernel, usually of rice but also of coffee, millet and corn (PAN: *bayu)
Bontok (120 / 1105)

b<um>láyto tire (PPh: *belay)
bunbunto cover, as with dirt or leaves (e.g. a corpse in burial) (PMP: *bunbun)
bunúbunseedlings other than rice, ready for transplanting (PMP: *bunubun) *bunabun
buŋbúŋdynamite; to blow up, using an explosive (PPh: *buŋbuŋ₂)
búŋətdraw attention to oneself by a display of temper; have a fit of anger (PWMP: *buŋet)
busálicarbuncle (NOISE)
busínato hoot, of a car horn (LOAN)
busúghave a full stomach from eating, be satisfied from eating (PWMP: *busuR₃)
búsulenemy (PAN: *busuR₁)
butbutto eat holes in something, of rats (PPH: *butbut₃) *butbut₂
bútəŋbe drunk; have hallucinations, as from eating hallucinogenic mushrooms (PMP: *buteŋ)
bútiga small lump with constricted base growing on the body of young children. It is probably the egg sac of an insect, but is believed to be a grain of rice that has been dropped by the child when eating, and is entering the body through the skin (PMP: *buteliR)
butíg-ankind of wine jar having a series of small bumps surrounding the neck of the jar (PPh: *buteliR-an) *buteliR
bútupubic bone; testicle of a pig or other animal (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq
buwáyacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)
buwə́tkind of large indigenous rodent (PAN: *buhet)
búyato view, as pictures or a display (PWMP: *buya)
buʔúkthe hair of a person's head; have hair growing on one's head (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS
búʔutmouldy (as bread) (NOISE)
cakə́l si búlanfull moon (PPH: *dakél)
Bontok (140 / 1105)

dagámirice straw (PMP: *zaRami)
dagusto continue on to do another task; go to another place (PPH: *dágus₁)
dáitto sew (PMP: *zaqit)
da-kamí1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami
dakə́lbig, large, bulky (PPH: *dakél)
dakə́pto copulate, of animals in general (PAN: *dakep)
dakp-ənto copulate, of animals in general (PAN: *dakep-en) *dakep
dálablood (PAN: *daRaq)
dalágkind of freshwater fish (PPH: *dalág)
dálantrail, path, road (PMP: *zalan)
dáləminside, of a container; underneath, when something is resting on top, as a knife beneath a basket (PMP: *dalem)
dalikána fire-place having three equidistant stones for supporting a pot (PMP: *dalikan)
dali-puspuswhirlwind (PAN: *qali-puspus)
dalíteel (NOISE)
dalm-ənto put underneath, as a basket; to bury, of weeds (PWMP: *dalem-en) *dalem
dalusdusto fall by having the base slip out from underneath (PPH: *darusdús)
dámathe game of checkers (LOAN)
danathese (combined form of da na) (PPH: *danáq₂)
danúmwater; juice; sap; suppuration; fluid (PMP: *danum) *daNum
dáŋanhandbreadth; the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the fingers are outstretched (PMP: *zaŋan₁)
Bontok (160 / 1105)

dapánsole of the foot (PMP: *dapan) *dapaN
dápatto be beside someone; to sleep with someone; to sit beside someone; the person beside whom one sleeps, sits, etc. (PPH: *dápat₁)
dapdápto chip, as wood or clay; to shape wood with short sharp blows of a bladed instrument; to remove hard caked soil with a sharp digging movement, each blow leaving a ‘cockle’ pattern (PPH: *dapdáp)
dapətto place objects side by side, so that they are touching; to have the edges of two objects together; to meet (PMP: *dapet)
dapuldust, ashes (PMP: *dapuR₁)
dapul-anto smear with ashes, to cover with ashes; hearth; general area in a house where the fireplace is located (PWMP: *dapuR-an) *dapuR₁
datalname of a large, relatively level, pondfield area in the Bágiw area near Guinaang (PAN: *dataR)
datə́ŋto arrive, especially of an epidemic (PMP: *dateŋ)
daúpto cover, as with a blanket (PPH: *daup₁)
dáwatto receive; to take; to beg (PPH: *dáwat)
dáyasky; heaven (PAN: *daya)
dáyawto honor; to praise; to worship (PPH: *dáyaw)
dayaw ~ dayəwto show off; to boast (PPH: *dáyaw)
daykətgeneral name for the various varieties of glutinous rice or cassava (PPH: *dayket)
dáyuna swing (PPH: *dúyan)
dəgdəg-ənto close up a line; to stand or sit close together; to pack tightly, as the threads in weaving (PWMP: *degdeg)
dəgʔásto pound rice which is still unhusked after a first pounding (PPH: *deR(e)qas)
dəkətto be scorched or burned where water has boiled away, of food cooked in water (PMP: *deket₁) *dekeC
dəkətto be scorched or burned where water has boiled away, of food cooked in water (PWMP: *deket₂) *deket₁
dəldə́lto move something by applying sustained pressure against it, as by leaning against it; to push (PPH: *deldel)
Bontok (180 / 1105)

dəltáksplit a log without using wedges (ROOT)
dəŋdəŋto cook a side dish for rice, such as vegetables or fish (PPH: *deŋdeŋ₁)
dəŋəlto listen; to hear (PMP: *deŋeR)
dəŋl-ənto listen; to hear (PPH: *deŋeR-en) *deŋeR
dəpathe measurement between the fingers of one’s outstretched arms (PAN: *depah)
dəpa-ʔənto measure by arm lengths (PWMP: *depa-en) *depah
dəsəkto thrust a stake into the ground; to stick a knife or other pointed object into something, such as wood (PMP: *desek₂)
dithat (3p) (PMP: *-di)
dílatongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)
d<in>álameat which is recooked in blood, after the broth of the first cooking has been removed (PAN: *daRaq)
diŋdíŋwooden wall of a house or granary; build a house with wooden walls (PMP: *diŋdiŋ₁)
du-d<um>ŋəlone gifted in hearing the omens of birds (PWMP: *d<um>eŋeR) *deŋeR
dúdunkind of migratory locust (PPh: *dúdun)
du-dwaa unit of two (PMP: *du-duha) *duSa
du-d<ʔ>uwato be two only (PMP: *duha) *duSa
du-d<ʔ>uwabe in two minds, to doubt (PMP: *duha duha₂) *duSa
dúguthe corner of a rice terrace (PWMP: *zuRu)
dukút-ənto pickpocket (<Ilokano) (PPH: *dúkut)
duldúlbe carried away by a stream of water (PPH: *duldúl₁)
d<um>álato bleed (PAN: *daRaq)
Bontok (200 / 1105)

d<um>aŋdáŋto radiate heat (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ
d<um>əndənto move aside (PPH: *denden)
duspakslap someone's face with the open palm (ROOT)
duwatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
duwa-dúwato be in units of two (PMP: *duha duha₁) *duSa
gábutto pull out by the roots, as weeds, grass or hair (PPH: *gábut)
gákutto bind, as a load to one's basket (PMP: *Rakut)
gáləwspeak with a croaky voice (PWMP: *gaRaw)
gálitto be striped, as the color of some cats (PWMP: *garit)
gamutpoison (PPH: *gamut)
gamut-anto poison something (PPH: *gamut)
gasútunit of one hundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus
gátəlimpetigo (PMP: *gatel) *gaCel
gayáŋkind of spear, having upward curving projections from the blade (PAN: *gayaŋ)
gə-dwadivide into halves (PMP: *duha) *duSa
gələtkill a pig by first slitting the throat and then sticking a knife in to cut the jugular vein (PAN: *gereC)
gəməkcrush, crumple, as a leaf of tobacco; to pound rice, of rice when it is first placed in the mortar (PMP: *Remek)
gəmgəmMimosa, sensitive plant (from its mechanism of closing up like a fist) (PAN: *gemgem)
gənə́kbe quiet, stop talking (PWMP: *Renek)
gəpakshard (PMP: *Repak)
Bontok (220 / 1105)

gəpak-ənsmash, break, shatter (PMP: *Repak)
gidúearthquake; to rock, of an earthquake (PPH: *Riduq)
gíkənring used to support a head basket (PWMP: *Riken)
gípisto squeeze out the juice from sugarcane, either by hand or in a mill; the squeezed out pith of sugarcane (PPH: *gimpis)
giwato move; to shake; to wriggle; to be alive (PWMP: *giwaq)
giyákto bay, as a hunting dog (PWMP: *giak)
gubatto be at war; war (PPH: *gubát)
guluna cogon grass with white, silky inflorescence: Imperata cylindrica (PMP: *guRun)
g<um>iyáwto shout; to cry out, as children playing (PPH: *giaw)
gumúkcrush; crumble, as dry food or soft stone (ROOT)
guŋgúŋto bark loudly, of a big dog (PAN: *guŋguŋ)
guŋúguŋlarge gong; to reverberate, of the sound of a large gong (PAN: *guŋguŋ)
gúyudto lift and pull; to draw; to carry, as a bucket; to pick up (PWMP: *guyud₃)
i-takédto bind, as in repairing the broken rattan rim of a basket; to secure; to fasten; anything used, as a vine or a rattan for such a purpose (PPH: *i-takéd) *takéd
ka2nd person minimal pronoun; you (sg.) (PMP: *ka₄)
ka-a stative prefix occurring only on verbs preceded by the auxiliary daan (‘yet, still’): daan ka-loto ‘not yet cooked’ (cp. loto ‘to cook’) (PAN: *ka-₂)
ka-derivational prefix forming an abstract noun: ka-dalem ‘depth’ (cp. ‘deep’) (PAN: *ka-₅)
ka-bagáy-ana close companion, friend (PWMP: *bagay)
kabkábto dig a hole; to hollow a piece of wood, as in making a wooden dish or bucket (PPH: *kabkáb)
ka-bukúthe length between the nodes of bamboo or other cane grass (PMP: *bukuh)
Bontok (240 / 1105)

ka-bulán-anmoonlight (PPh: *ka-bulan-an) *bulaN
ka-dala-ancompatible, suitable for (PAN: *daRaq)
ka-dwadivide into two; one half (PWMP: *ka-duha) *duSa
kagəwchicken louse (PWMP: *kaRaw₂)
kagúdto remove rice grain from the stalk by scraping or trampling, preparatory to planting (PMP: *kaRud)
káisto scrape off the rough outer surface of bamboo (PWMP: *kaqis)
kákakto cackle, of a hen after laying an egg (PMP: *kakakₐ) *kakak
kakka-ʔásievoking pity; pitiful; pathetic; sorry (PMP: *qasiq)
ka-laláki-yanbrother or male cousin of a female Ego (PWMP: *ka-(la)laki-an) *laki₁
kalásaga wooden shield, used as protection when fighting an enemy (PWMP: *kalasag)
kalasákasto produce a rushing, rustling or rattling noise, as the sound of water rushing down a cliff, stones rattling down a slide, the sound made when pushing against the leaves of plants or through tall grass (PPH: *kaRaskas)
kalaskasto push one’s way through bushes, to find one’s way through brush (PPH: *kaRaskas)
kalbítpull back with one’s finger (PPH: *kal(e)bit)
kalbit-énto pull back with one’s finger, as the trigger of a gun (PPH: *kal(e)bit-en) *kal(e)bit
kalíspeech; word; the local dialect, the language of one’s home town or village, particularly the Bontok language; the call of an animal or bird; the sound that something makes (PAN: *kaRi₁)
ka-lmato divide into five (PWMP: *ka-lima) *lima
kamáŋakind of soft red stone; the soil which results from the deterioration of this stone (PPH: *kamaŋa)
kamátistomato: Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (Solanac.) (LOAN)
kamə́nwoven mat (Reid 1971) (PPh: *ikamen)
kan-ənto eat (PAN: *kaen-en) *kaen
Bontok (260 / 1105)

ka-n<ʔ>ə́mdivide into six; a sixth (PMP: *ika-enem) *enem
ka-n<ʔ>ə́mdo six times (PWMP: *ka-enem) *enem
ka-ŋád-ŋádn-anto have the same name as another (PWMP: *ka-ŋajan(-an)) *ŋajan
kápəssewing thread (LOAN)
kápəwto find something in water, as to fish out lumps of meat from broth (PPH: *kápaw)
ka-pituto do seven times; a seventh (PMP: *ka-pitu) *pitu
kapúkapto feel one’s way, as a blind person (ROOT)
ka-pʔátdivide into four, to quarter (PMP: *ka-epat) *Sepat
ka-su-suŋətanything which causes anger (PPH: *suŋet)
katáma carpenter’s plane (said to be from Ilokano) (LOAN)
katanathe castor bean plant: Ricinus communis L. (PPH: *katana)
ka-tluto divide into three or thirds (PMP: *ka-telu) *telu
kaut-ə́nto move a dry substance with the hands, as soil (PMP: *kaut) *kahut
kawaspider (PWMP: *kawa)
kawália metal pot (< Ilokano) (LOAN)
ka-walúto do eight times (PWMP: *ka-walu) *walu
ka-walúan eighth (PMP: *ika-walu) *walu
kawáyana kind of bamboo used for making water or wine containers, or used as a carrying bar, Bambusa spp. (PAN: *kawayan)
kawílhold together in one hand, as two baskets; carry two babies at the same time (PWMP: *kawil₂)
káwituse a hooked wire to get something out of reach, particularly to unlatch the inner lock of a granary; a piece of wire with a hook on the end (PAN: *kawit)
Bontok (280 / 1105)

kawítanrooster (PPH: *kawitan)
kawit-ənget with a hook (PWMP: *kawit-en) *kawit
kawkawto make a hole, as a chicken pecking a hole in a sweet potato or a sore which has ulcerated; to dig a hole in the ground (PPH: *kawkaw₂)
káyato be sufficient for a task; to be strong enough to do something; to be adequate to accomplish something requiring strength or ability (PWMP: *kaya)
kayúsecond person non-minimal pronoun; you (plural) (PPH: *ka-yú) *iSu
ka-ʔama-ʔənuncle (PWMP: *ka-ama-en) *amax
ka-ʔanak-annephew, niece (PWMP: *ka-anak-an) *aNak
káʔəwwood, tree, specifically pine tree, Pinus insularis Endl. (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
ka-ʔili-yánsomeone from the same village as oneself; fellow villager (PPh: *ka-hili-an) *hili
káʔusto scrape smooth, of wooden objects, not bamboo (PWMP: *kaus)
kədəmeyelash (PAN: *kezem)
kədkədto bind one thing to another, as two parts of one load (PPH: *kedked)
kədm-ənshut one’s eyes tightly, as when they are hurt (PAN: *kezem)
kəgáŋdrought; a long, dry season; to be underdeveloped, of rice which has not had sufficient rain (PAN: *keRaŋ₃)
kəlaŋworm; earthworm; intestinal worm (PWMP: *gelaŋ)
kəláspull off, as clothes (PMP: *kelas)
kəlawto be dried out, of a pondfield (PPH: *keRaw)
kələtto cut a man’s hair in the native style, that is in bangs across the forehead and around the ears with the back left long (PAN: *keret)
kəlkəlto wrap something around the neck, as a scarf; also of the custom of placing a loincloth around the necks of the fathers of the bride and groom during wedding ceremonies (PPH: *kelkel₁)
kəməlto hold, grasp, clasp or grip using two hands, as to capture a bird or to stop someone from running away; to masturbate (PMP: *kemel)
Bontok (300 / 1105)

kənato catch by trapping, as birds; to trap (PAN: *keNa)
kəpə́ssubside, go down, of swelling (PWMP: *ke(m)pes)
kəpkəpto hug; to cuddle face to face; to clasp to oneself (PMP: *kepkep)
kəsatto cut, as a binding, rope or rattan (PWMP: *ketas)
kətə́bbite someone, as to cause injury (PMP: *keteb)
kətkətto eat raw vegetables; to gnaw on, as gristle (PWMP: *ketket)
kíbulmix soil with water (ROOT)
kinítto peel off, as fat from meat or the scab from a sore (PMP: *kinit)
kiwkiw-ənbe stirred up (PPH: *kiwkiw-en) *kiwkiw₂
-ku1st person minimal pronoun: I, my (PAN: *-ku)
kukúthe nail of one’s finger or toe (PMP: *kukuh) *kuSkuS₁
kúlaŋinsufficient; inadequate (LOAN)
kulʔitto mark, as with a pencil (PMP: *kur(e)qit)
k<um>áutto move a wet substance, as mud, by digging into it with the fingers (PMP: *kaut) *kahut
k<umm>anto eat (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen
kúnəgan erect herb with aromatic, fleshy rootstock, producing a yellow juice used as a dye: Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. (PMP: *kunij)
kuskústo strip bark from wood (PWMP: *kuskus₂)
kusliŋto squint, as in bright sunlight (ROOT)
kutím-ənto husk grains of unripe rice between the fingers for eating raw; unripe rice picked for eating (PPH: *kutím)
kútuhead louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
Bontok (320 / 1105)

kuwá-nito say (PWMP: *kua-n) *kua₁
kuykúyto transfer from one place to another by scraping with the hands, as when levelling soil or scraping rice from a plate to a pot (PPH: *kuykúy₂)
labə́dto bind; to wrap and tie (PPH: *la(m)béj)
labilate evening, night (PMP: *Rabiqi)
labunto cover (PWMP: *Rab(e)qun)
labus-anto undress; to remove one’s clothes (PPH: *labus)
ládutpluck some feathers from a bird; pull out hairs from the head (PMP: *Radut)
lágato weave, of basketry (PWMP: *laja)
lagmə́kbreak into pieces, as a reed; crush, as a dried reed or bamboo (ROOT)
lákimale animal (PMP: *laki₁)
laklákdandruff (PWMP: *laklak)
lakúbto cover completely, as a landslide covering a whole pondfield (PWMP: *Raŋkub)
lakúbto cover completely, as a landslide covering a whole pondfield (PPH: *lakub)
lalákiman, male, boy (PWMP: *la-laki) *laki₁
láləghousefly; fly (PMP: *lalej)
la<l>lákimen, boys (PWMP: *la-laki) *laki₁
lámanwild pig (PPH: *lamán)
lamúkmosquito (PMP: *lamuk₂)
lamútroot (PMP: *Ramut₁)
lánacoconut oil; to apply coconut oil to something (PMP: *laña)
Bontok (340 / 1105)

lanə́banything used as a hair dressing, as pig fat or coconut oil (PPH: *lanéb)
láŋanto be absent, as a child from school, or a person from his working group (PPH: *laŋan)
láŋkajackfruit: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Morac.) (LOAN)
lápispencil (LOAN)
laplapto peel off, as the skin of an orange; make a flap (PAN: *laplap)
laputo start from; to begin at some place; to lead the way, to be first in line (PPH: *lapu₃)
laslásto rub or scrape clean, using sand or earth as an abrasive (as in cleaning the soot from a pot) (PPH: *RasRas)
laukto mix, particularly of things that are notof the same type, as meat with beans (PWMP: *lahuk)
lawísickle feathers of a rooster’s tail, used as a hat decoration and also as packing on the plungers of bellows (PMP: *lawi₁)
láyaginger, Zingiber officinale Rosc. (PMP: *laqia)
láʔuta strip of bíkal bamboo used for tying; to tie something, particularly thatching, using such strips (PMP: *raut) *rauC
laʔút-anreeds used as ties to press down thatching (PMP: *raut) *rauC
ləbéka ceremonial rice pounding during a wedding ceremony; originally sugarcane, not rice, was placed in the lebkan mortar (PPh: *lebék)
ləbk-anthe elongated, trough-like mortar (PPh: *lebék)
ləkásto remove some of one’s clothes; to partially undress (PMP: *lekas₁)
ləmamto have a nightmare; dream of the dead; to dream of one being smothered (NEAR)
ləmlə́mtyphoon; period of wet weather lasting for several days (PAN: *lemlem)
ləpasthe remainder; the last part; the part which is left to be done (PWMP: *lepas)
ləsəkto pierce, as to test if something is cooked, or to find out the depth of mud; to stab (NEAR)
ləsləsto roll up; to fold back (as a dress so it doesn’t get wet) (PPH: *lesles₁)
Bontok (360 / 1105)

ləsləs-ənto roll up, to fold back (as clothes so that they don’t get wet in wading) (PPH: *lesles₁)
lətlətplace a tie on something, as to tie a cloth around one's arm (PWMP: *letlet)
lídəmblack, of the color of hair (PWMP: *lidem)
ligətangry (ROOT)
ligə́tangry (PWMP: *li(ŋ)get)
likə́pto shut up, as a house; to close off, as a flow of water (PPH: *liqekep)
likáwto make a loop or circle out of something, as a rope or a length of thread; to coil (PAN: *likaw)
likaw-ənto make a loop or circle out of something, as a rope or a length of thread; to coil (PPH: *likáw-en) *likaw
líkəsto circumnavigate; to go around; circumference (PMP: *likes)
líkətsticky sap exuding from pitch-pine (PMP: *liket)
líkubto gather around; to surround, as people sitting around a plate of rice at meal time (PWMP: *li(ŋ)kub)
líkudturn the back on something (PAN: *likud)
likuŋ-ənto make a low mud walled enclosure in a rice terrace, for collecting the trapped fish; to build a fense around a field or pasture (PWMP: *likuŋ)
líkupchisel (with a rounded point) (PPH: *likup₂)
líkutcurled up, as a person sleeping or a snake' (PMP: *likut)
li-lmaa unit of five, five each (PAN: *lima)
limáfive; to be five (PAN: *lima)
liməŋ si bulanthe hidden moon, before it appears as a new moon (PPH: *limeŋ)
l<in>abəda confection prepared on the first day of the apoy ceremony (ceremonial complex that occurs after the rice planting) and during ag-agom; it is made from powdered rice with fish or meat, and is wrapped and tied in banana leaf (PPH: *la(m)béj)
liŋətperspire, perspiration (PWMP: *liŋ(e)qet)
Bontok (380 / 1105)

lípatto forget something (PPH: *lipat)
lipítto be narrow; to have a small area (PMP: *liq(e)pit)
lipítto be narrow; to have a small area (PWMP: *lipit)
lisatto cut through a binding using a sawing motion (PPH: *litas)
liwaŋ-andoor (PWMP: *liwaŋ)
liwətto walk around (PWMP: *liwet)
liyáŋcave (PMP: *liaŋ)
lúbidthread, string (PPH: *lúbid)
lubíd-ənto make string by twining threads together between the palm of one’s hand and one’s thigh (PPH: *lubid-en) *lúbid
ludludto rub one’s body with the palm of the hand when bathing, in order to remove ingrained dirt (PPH: *ludlud₁)
lúgawto cook rice with much water, in order to make rice gruel (PPH: *lúgaw)
lugáw-ənto make into gruel, rice porridge (PPH: *lugaw-en) *lúgaw
lúgito be a loser; to do nothing of any value; to fail to get the expected use of something (LOAN)
lukábto raise, as the edge of a pot lid in order to look into the pot (PWMP: *ruŋkab)
lukabto raise, as the edge of a pot lid in order to look into the pot (PWMP: *lukab)
lúkasremove some of one's clothing, partially undress (PMP: *lu(ŋ)kas)
luktúnwhitish in appearance, as newly hatched cockroaches (PPH: *luk(e)tún)
l<um>akuto buy (LOAN)
l<um>áusto pass by (PPH: *lahús)
l<um>útucook by boiling, especially rice (PWMP: *lutuq)
Bontok (400 / 1105)

l<um>uwato have tears coming from one’s eyes (PPH: *l<um>uheq) *luSeq
lunag-ənto melt, as sugar or fat placed in a heated pot (PPH: *lunag)
luŋunboard coffin (PWMP: *luŋun)
lúpakto smash; to break, esp. of hollow objects; to shatter, as glass, pottery, eggs or bamboo (PWMP: *lu(m)pak)
lúsipenis (PPH: *lusiq)
lusuŋmortar, primarily used for pounding rice; to place in a mortar (PMP: *lusuŋ) *Nusuŋ
lusuŋmortar, primarily used for pounding rice; to place in a mortar (PMP: *lusuŋ)
lútaearth, soil (PPH: *lutáq)
luwatears, as from crying (PMP: *luheq) *luSeq
luyásickening; tiresome (PWMP: *luya₁)
lúyəksediment, as after a flood recedes or in a pot after cooking of some foods (PWMP: *luyek)
ma-bíkasindustrious; energetic (PWMP: *ma-bikas) *bikas
maka-aptative prefix occurring with non-completive agentive voice affixes (PWMP: *maka-)
maka-lʔito accompany (PAN: *aRi)
ma-kancooked rice (PAN: *ma-kaen) *kaen
mak-ma-kanedible (PPh: *maka-kaen) *kaen
ma-máyuŋto use an umbrella (PWMP: *ma-mayuŋ) *payuŋ
mam-úŋato flower; to give birth (PWMP: *maŋ-buŋa) *buŋa
mana particle which implies solidarity with the addressee (PPH: *man)
ma-nakdúto draw water (PPH: *sakedú)
Bontok (420 / 1105)

ma-naluntunto go from house to house to collect cooked rice to be eaten at the ward house during a ceremonial feast (PPH: *taluntún)
ma-náyawa type of dance; to perform this dance (PWMP: *sayaw)
ma-nbalto answer (PPH: *ma-nebaR) *tebáR
manipeanuts; to gather peanuts (LOAN)
mantacotton cloth (LOAN)
man-úduto leak, as a roof (PWMP: *ma-nuduq) *tuduq
manúkchicken, fowl (PMP: *manuk)
manuk-ənany chicken sacrifice; to perform a chicken sacrifice (PMP: *manuk)
maŋ-adúincrease in volume, of a river in flood (PMP: *hadu) *Sadu
ma-ŋakŋákto laugh loudly; the sound of loud laughter (PMP: *ŋakŋak)
maŋ-<al>gəwbe sunny; place in the sun (PWMP: *maŋ-qalejaw) *qalejaw
maŋ-anto eat (PMP: *ma-ŋaen) *kaen
maŋ-anákadopt a child; sponsor a child for baptism, have a godchild (PWMP: *maŋ-anak) *aNak
maŋ-an-anany pot or jar in which rice is usually cooked (PMP: *ma-ŋaen) *kaen
maŋ-asáwato marry (PWMP: *maŋ-qasawa) *qasawa
maŋ-áʔəwto get a load of wood for fuel (PWMP: *ma-ŋahiw) *kaSiw
maŋ-əbʔəbto sit, of chickens on eggs (PPH: *qebqeb)
maŋ-ílistranger, foreigner; someone from another village (PMP: *hili)
ma-silab-anto have areas of dark skin pigmentation, as the skin of a pregnant woman (PPH: *sil(e)qáb)
matáeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
Bontok (440 / 1105)

mátəkleech (PAN: *-matek)
mátəkleech (PWMP: *qali-matek) *-matek
maʔínitname of a village in the Bontoc municipality which has thermal springs (PPh: *ma-qinit) *qinit
ma-ʔúnatbecome tall and thin, of growing children (PPh: *ma-uñat) *uñat
mímisthe new growth of cogon grass (PMP: *mimis₁)
múlato plant, as sweet potato vines or banana shoots (PAN: *mula)
mulmulsuck a candy until it is dissolved, especially of a candy on a stick (PAN: *mulmul)
nathis; here; now (PAN: *-na)
na-ámuto be tame, of a domesticated animal (PPH: *haq(e)muq)
na-gidgídan itchy rash; of animals, a bald or mangy patch; mange (PPH: *gidgíd)
na-killuto be crooked, as a line, path or branch; to speak in an indirect fashion; to have a speech impediment (PMP: *kiluq)
na-ŋínato be expensive (PPH: *ŋina)
na-pəspəsto be squeezed out or used up, of rice beer (PMP: *pespes)
na-pílaylame (PPH: *na-pílay) *piNay
na-púligto fall, to tumble down (PPH: *pulij)
na-sakítto be sick; sickness; illness (PPH: *na-sakit) *sakit
na-sədsə́dto be firm, of muscular limbs (PPH: *sedsed₂)
na-súgahave an injury caused by stepping on a sóga stick (PMP: *suja)
na-tə́ydie; dead (PWMP: *na-atay) *aCay
na-tə́ydie; dead (PMP: *in-atay) *aCay
Bontok (460 / 1105)

na-tikúto be curved, as a trail; to be crooked, as a water buffalo horn (PWMP: *tikuq₁)
na-tuwadto be bottom up, of an upturned jar (PWMP: *tuad)
nin-báliwchange, as one's habits or appearance (PMP: *baliw₂)
nuwáŋwater buffalo, carabao (PMP: *qanuaŋ) *qaNuaŋ
ŋabŋabeat corn on the cob (PAN: *ŋabŋab)
ŋádanname (PMP: *ŋajan)
ŋalŋal-ənto chew meat (PAN: *ŋalŋal)
ŋaninearly, almost (PPH: *ŋaniq)
ŋaŋáto be astounded; to be surprised; to be open-mouthed with surprise (PMP: *ŋaŋa₂)
ŋátuabove, up (PPH: *ŋatu)
ŋəkŋəkindicate one's disapproval of what is being said by acting as though one doesn't hear, or by mumbling one's objections (PMP: *ŋekŋek)
ŋəsŋə́sto stop in order to get one’s breath; to get relief from panting (PAN: *ŋesŋes)
ŋətŋətto rip with the teeth, as tough meat; to chew on, as rats on sugarcane (PAN: *ŋeCŋeC)
ŋətŋətto rip with the teeth, as tough meat; to chew on, as rats on sugarcane (PAN: *ŋetŋet)
ŋikŋikto chirrup; the chirruping of rice birds (PMP: *ŋikŋik)
ŋíʔiksqueal, of a piglet (PWMP: *ŋiqik)
ŋusŋus-ə́nto grate, as fresh corn or sweet potato; a grater (PPH: *ŋusŋús)
ŋutŋuta corn cob after the kernels have been removed (PMP: *ŋutŋut₄)
ŋutŋut-anto eat corn on the cob; to gnaw, of rats (PMP: *ŋutŋut₄)
pa-causative prefix (PAN: *pa-₂)
Bontok (480 / 1105)

pa-ámua working water buffalo; a water buffalo which has been broken in (PPH: *haq(e)muq)
pa-búludto lend (PPh: *pa-bulud) *bulud₁
pa-dŋəlto tell; to make known; to relate (PMP: *deŋeR)
pa-dŋəlto tell; to make known; to relate (PWMP: *pa-deŋeR) *deŋeR
paə́tchisel (said to < Ilokano) (PMP: *paqet)
pagádathe handle of the wásay axe (PMP: *paRada)
pagaŋhave sharp edges, of a stone (NOISE)
págəyunthreshed rice; the rice plant, Oryza sativa L. (PAN: *pajay)
pagʔúŋturtle (PPh: *pag(e)qúŋ)
pa-kanto feed, to raise, as an animal (PAN: *pa-kaen) *kaen
pakánwoof; the crosswise threats of woven material (PMP: *pakan)
pákəwhandle; any rigid protuberance which can be used for a handle, as a stem of a squash or the stalks of a bundle of rice (PWMP: *pakaw)
pakpákbeat with a short stick using a rhythmic motion, as in beating chickens to death, or the beating of shields during omen hunting trips (PAN: *pakpak₁)
palasoot from the smoke of a fire, especially on the interior of a house; be covered with soot (NOISE)
páladpalm of the hand (PMP: *palaj₁)
palakpákclap one's hands, applaud (PPH: *p<al>akpak) *pakpak₁
pálispleen of a water buffalo (PAN: *paliq₁)
pálisa sequence of pig and dog sacrifices held at a person's house ... because of sickness, or because he has killed an enemy (PPh: *palis₃)
palpatəkfrog (onom.) (ROOT)
paníkikind of fruit eating bat (PMP: *paniki)
Bontok (500 / 1105)

pan-ʔəkanmeal time; time for eating (PAN: *kaen)
paŋábranch of a tree from which leaves are growing; hooks on the top of a pinaŋpaŋa earring (PAN: *paŋa₁)
páŋaljawbone, excluding the chin (NEAR)
paŋ-anto feed; to feed on (PWMP: *pa-ŋaen) *kaen
paŋ-apúthe social unit comprising all of the descendants of a single ancestor (PPh: *paŋ-apu) *apu
pa-ŋínato raise the price of something (PPH: *ŋina)
pá-panbait, as used in fishing or trapping birds (PAN: *paen)
pa-síkatto show off; to skite; to make a public display of one’s possessions or attainments (PPH: *pa-sikat) *sikát
pa-suksukto bribe (PAN: *suksuk)
pa-tadə́ma leader; one who initiates action, who encourages or inspires (PWMP: *pa-tazem) *Cazem
patánilima bean: Phaseolus lunatus Linn. (PPH: *patániq)
patani-ənto gather this bean (PPH: *patániq)
pa-tə́ykill; extinguish or put out, as a fire or a light; turn off, as a radio or a motor (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay
patpátto cut down, as reeds or sugarcane, by slashing the plants close to the ground; to clear undergrowth in this manner; sugarcane harvest; to harvest sugarcane (PWMP: *patpat)
payápayto beckon; to flap, of the ears of some pigs (PPH: *payapay)
paypáyto beckon; to flap, of the ears of some pigs (PPH: *paypáy)
páyuŋumbrella; a gourd plant having broad, umbrella-shaped leaves: Lagenaria leucantha (Duch.) Rusby (PWMP: *payuŋ)
paʔinumto give to drink (PMP: *pa-inum) *inum
pa-ʔútaŋto lend (money) (PWMP: *pa-qutaŋ) *qutaŋ
pədpədpress together; to compact, as soil, by stepping on it (PAN: *pedped₁)
Bontok (520 / 1105)

pənpənto place many objects into a container, as clothes into a trunk, or sweet potatoes into a pot (PWMP: *penpen₁)
pəspəsto grip in the palm of one’s hand; to grasp; to hold tightly in one’s hand (PMP: *pespes)
pətákburst, pop, rupture; the report of a shotgun; the sound of something bursting, as a balloon (PWMP: *pe(R)tak)
pətpətpack something, as a lunch basket with cooked rice, by pressing down the contents (PWMP: *petpet₁)
pidəkhave a drooping eyelid (PWMP: *pidek₁)
pidpidto plant rice seedlings close together (PAN: *pijpij)
pi-dwato do twice (PPH: *ipi-duhá) *duSa
pikúto bend, as a finger or limb (PAN: *pikuq₁)
píkutto bend over (as a person); to bend, as a nail (PMP: *pikut)
pilákmoney (LOAN)
pílitto insist; to force (PPH: *pílit)
pili-yənto select, to choose, to pick out (PWMP: *piliq-en) *piliq
pilpil-ənto squash; to crush; to flatten, as lumps of soil; to mash, as cooked sweet potato (PWMP: *pilpil)
pin-du<w>watwo, play counting (PMP: *pin-duha) *duSa
p<in>itpítfood prepared by mashing, as mashed sweet potato, especially when mixed with rice (PAN: *pitpit₂)
p<in>itpítfood prepared by mashing, as mashed sweet potato, especially when mixed with rice (PAN: *pitpit₃)
pin-ta<l>lúthree, play counting (PWMP: *pin-telu) *telu
p<in>usəg-ana kind of basket weave, having a series of points (póseg) from which the pattern radiates (PPH: *p<in>usej) *pusej
piŋkícigarette lighter (PPH: *piŋkíq)
pi-ptua unit of seven; seven each (PAN: *pi-pitu) *pitu
Bontok (540 / 1105)

pipʔitbe crowded, have no room (ROOT)
písəkperson who has a white patch in one or both eyes (PWMP: *picek) *picek₁
pisítsqueeze between finger and thumb in order to squeeze out the contents of something (PMP: *picit)
pisitsqueeze between finger and thumb in order to squeeze out the contents of something (ROOT)
písuspeso (LOAN)
pítəkmud, especially the mud in a pondfield (PPh: *pitek)
pitpitthe call of the ídew bird, signifying a good omen (ídew = a kind of small, reddish bird having a variety of calls) (PWMP: *pitpit₁)
pitpítto mash, as cooked sweet potato or cassava (PAN: *pitpit₃)
pitpit-énto mash, as cooked sweet potato or cassava (PAN: *pitpit-en) *pitpit₂
pituseven; to be seven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
pukətto stick to; to adhere to; to hold on to, as a leech, grass seeds or sticky tape (PWMP: *puket₂)
pukə́tstick, adhere to (ROOT)
pulawwhite, as clothes; Spaniards, particularly those that lived in Bontoc in the late 19th century (PPH: *pudaw)
púlua unit of ten (in counting) (PAN: *puluq₁) *puluq
p<um>atəybe extremely painful (as a headache) (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay
púnasto wipe; anything used for wiping; to put out fire by rubbing it into the ground; to extinguish, of a fire (PMP: *punas)
púsəgnavel (PMP: *pusej)
púsuheart, used of the physical organ only; fruit of the banana plant; the red, flower-like end of a banana stalk (PMP: *pusuq₁)
putud-ənto snap, as a twig, or the brittle stem of a plant (PPH: *putud)
pútulto cut off the head of a person or animal; to break off the tips of plants (PMP: *putul) *putun
Bontok (560 / 1105)

puwəgknee (PPH: *puéj)
sathat, close to hearer; there, close to hearer (PPH: *sa₄)
sabálianother, different (PPH: *sabáliq)
sabaŋa tree: Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae (PPH: *sabaŋ₂)
sabaŋa flowering tree: Erythrina varietata L. (PWMP: *sabaqaŋ)
sabláy-anclothes line (PPH: *sab(e)láy)
sabləyto hang over something, as clothes over a line or a blanket over one’s shoulder (PPH: *sab(e)láy)
sabsab-ə́nto eat, of dogs or pigs eating slops (PPH: *sabsab-én) *sabsab
sab-sábuŋflower (PPH: *sabuŋ₂)
sábuŋto decorate with flowers (PPH: *sabuŋ₂)
sádagto lean against something (PWMP: *sandaR)
sadáŋto place wood on a rack for drying, especially of the wooden forms from which kamey digging tools are shaped (kamey = curved wooden tool with narrow blade, used for breaking and turning the soil in a pondfield) (PPH: *sad(e)qaŋ)
sagígito sidle, of a rooster near a hen; a style of dancing (NEAR)
sákaladze (PWMP: *sa(ŋ)kal)
sakál-anto use an adze (PWMP: *sa(ŋ)kal)
sakáyto ride, as on an animal (PMP: *sakay₁)
sakdúa ceremony in which water is drawn secretly from one of the springs in a foreign village and brought home, to counteract a child’s illness, as impetigo or an infected ear (PPH: *sakedú)
sakítto be painful; to hurt (PMP: *sakit)
saklut-ənto hold in the lap; to sit on someone’s knee; to carry against the front of the body, as a child in a carrying blanket (PPH: *sak(e)lut-en) *sak(e)lút
saksakdivide a piece of meat into two portions (PAN: *saksak₁)
Bontok (580 / 1105)

sálabto blacken with soot, as by hanging above a fire or by placing close to a fire (PWMP: *sadab)
saláb-anto blacken with soot, as by hanging above a fire or by placing close to a fire (PPH: *sárab)
sáləŋresinous pine; pitch pine (PAN: *saleŋ)
sáləpto fish by blocking off escape routes and draining the water (PPH: *sáRep)
saliŋsiŋ-anto strip sweet potato leaves from the stem; leaves which have been stripped from the sweet potato vine (PPH: *saliŋsíŋ)
salsálto masturbate; to beat an object repeatedly (PPH: *salsál)
salsal-ənto masturbate; to beat an object repeatedly (PPH: *salsal-en) *salsál
saludfunnel (PWMP: *saluD)
saluksúka chisel-like tool; to use this tool (PWMP: *s<al>uksuk) *suksuk
saluksuka chisel-like tool (PPH: *saluksuk₁)
saluksuk-ənto chisel, use a chisel (PPH: *saluksuk₁)
salúpone ganta (three liters); any container, as a woven basket, which contains about one ganta (PPH: *salúp)
sáluttuberculosis (PPH: *sárut)
sánathat one, close to hearer; there, close to hearer (PWMP: *sa-na) *-na
sanathat one, close to hearer; there, close to hearer (PWMP: *sana)
saŋáa forked stick; the upright piece of wood in the center of a plough, to which the shear is attached (PMP: *saŋa₁)
saŋa-saŋásedge, a grasslike plant with triangular stems (used as a headband during some ceremonies): Cyperus distans L.F. (PMP: *saŋa₁)
sáŋichin; lower jaw (PPH: *saŋi)
saplətto leave a residue in the mouth after eating, as balókok (tree with edible leaves and fruit) (PWMP: *sapelet)
sapsápto chip wood with an axe or adze; to smooth a rough surface (PWMP: *sapsap)
Bontok (600 / 1105)

saúŋthe tusk of a pig; large tooth of a dog (PPH: *sauŋ)
sədəmearly evening (PWMP: *sedem)
sədsəd-énto press down; to pack down, as the contents of a basket (PPH: *sedsed₂)
səkə́lstrangle; have something stuck in the throat (PMP: *cekel)
səkə́ttighten, as a waist belt, hold something tightly around the neck or the waist (PWMP: *seket₁)
səksəka kind of bird; a sparrow (PWMP: *seksek₂)
sələ́pdrenched; soaked, of animals or people (PWMP: *celep)
səlsəlcram, as food into one's mouth (PAN: *selsel₁)
səŋáŋdumb with fear, wonder or amazement (PWMP: *seŋaŋ)
səŋsəŋ ~ siŋsiŋan earring, particularly an indigenous gold earring (LOAN)
səŋʔəwto have a pleasant smell, as the smell of cooking látong leaves [leaves of the balátong bean plant] (PWMP: *seŋ(e)qaw)
səpal-ənto eat leaves, as cabbage or leaves of (PPH: *sepal)
simarker of singular personal noun phrase when subject (PAN: *si₁)
sibítgeneral term for thorny plants; thorn (PWMP: *cibit)
sibúgto water plants (PMP: *simbuR)
síkadto push against something with the feet in order to provide pressure when leaning back against something; to kick; to push with the feet (PPH: *síkad)
síkapsmart; clever; one who is able to extricate himself from difficult situations (PPH: *sikap₁)
sikíleg and foot; wheel of a vehicle; leg of a table or chair (PPH: *sikí)
siksikto remove one’s own headlice by feel only (PWMP: *siksik₁)
síkuelbow; any sharp angle; the measurement between the elbows of one’s outstretched arms (PAN: *sikux)
Bontok (620 / 1105)

sikú-wənto elbow; to dig with one’s elbow (PWMP: *siku-en) *sikux
sikwanthe shuttle used in weaving with a back loom (PWMP: *sikuqan)
silábplace a fire underneath something in order to blacken it (PWMP: *sirab)
silábto place a fire underneath something in order to blacken it (PPH: *sil(e)qáb)
sílaga hat with a wide brim (PPH: *silaR)
silápsparkle, flash, as the blade of a freshly sharpened bolo (PMP: *silap)
silə́tfit tightly, as clothes (PWMP: *silet)
síləwa pitch pine torch; to illuminate with a pitch pine torch (PMP: *silaw)
sílito dazzle, as the sun (PMP: *sili)
simsimto taste, with a sipping noise (PPH: *simsím)
simútto be all used up, as salt (PPH: *simut)
s<in>aŋlagsomething cooked in the saŋlag manner (PMP: *s<in>aŋelaR) *saŋelaR
s<in>ípita kind of sókop basket about 18 inches high, with rattan binding on lip and base (PPH: *s<in>ipit) *sipit
sí-nuwho; what? (PPh: *si-nu) *-nu₁
s<in>úlidthread (PPH: *sulid)
síŋalto push firewood into a fire (PPH: *siŋal)
siŋə́tinsect bite or sting; to bite or sting, of an insect (PWMP: *siŋ(e)het)
siŋílto collect a debt (PWMP: *siŋir)
sípitpincers, as on a crab; the middle band of rattan binding on a giyag basket (PAN: *sipit)
sipít-ənto pinch, as with tweezers (PPh: *sipít-en) *sipit
Bontok (640 / 1105)

sipsipsuck, as candy (PAN: *sipsip)
sitsítcut a woven container (PWMP: *sitsit) *sitsit₂
sitsítto hiss; to attract someone’s attention by making a short, sharp hissing sound (PMP: *sitsit) *sitsit₁
siyámnine (PPH: *siám)
siyúkto whistle (PMP: *siuk)
súbillips of the mouth, the flaring edge of a clay jar (PWMP: *su(m)bir)
sudsúdto relate an experience; to tell (PWMP: *sudsud₁)
súgashort, sharpened sticks, stuck in the path of an advancing enemy, or placed in sweet potato patches to injure trespasssers (PMP: *suja)
sugá-ənto place at and angle, as a nail into wood or a sharp stick into a path (PMP: *suja)
súguda fine-toothed comb (PWMP: *sujud)
suksukto slide one object behind another, as a knife behind one’s belt; to dig up the ground, of a pig (PAN: *suksuk)
súkudany stick or reed used as a walking stick (PAN: *sukud)
súlatpaper; letter (LOAN)
sulsúlto follow a stream, especially to follow upstream; to meet or pass someone going in the opposite direction; to take something further along or past something (PMP: *sulsul₁)
sul-sulkudstick or reed used as a walking stick, or to help support a heavy shoulder load (ROOT)
suluŋto do something regardless of the consequences; to invade; to brave, as a storm (PWMP: *suruŋ)
s<um>əgəpto enter, as a house (PAN: *sejep)
s<um>ublíto arrive just as another person departs; to take the place of another person (PPH: *sub(e)líq)
súnugto smoke something out of a hole, as rats or frogs (PMP: *sunuR)
suŋətto be angry (PPH: *suŋet)
Bontok (660 / 1105)

suŋsuŋto smell something; to have a smell (PPH: *suŋsuŋ₃)
suŋt-anto get angry at something (PPH: *suŋet)
súpitmake something narrow, as a pondfield or a house (PWMP: *cupit)
súpitto make something narrow, as a pondfield or a house (PWMP: *supit)
supsupto suck out, by using a short, sharp sucking action, as a snail from its shell; to clean a child’s nose by sucking it out (PAN: *supsup)
sutsut-anto wash clothes without using soap (PWMP: *sutsut₂)
tafirst and second person minimal pronoun; you (singular) and I; your (singular) and my; our (PAN: *-ta)
tabáto become fat; fatness (PWMP: *tabeq)
tabtabchop, trim with a bolo (PAN: *CabCab)
tábunto hide (PMP: *tabun₂)
tadə́msharp, of a blade (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem
tadláŋthe ribs of the body (PAN: *tageRaŋ)
tadpakto slap (ROOT)
tadpíkslap lightly, usually with the flat of the palm (ROOT)
tákaŋto open one’s mouth (PPH: *tákaŋ)
takbáback basket used by men; to place something in this basket (PPH: *tak(e)bá)
takdəgstand up (PWMP: *ta(n)zeg)
takd-ənto bind, as in repairing the broken rattan rim of a basket; to secure; to fasten; anything used, as a vine or rattan for such a purpose (PPH: *takéd)
takkífeces (PMP: *taki) *Caki
talírope (PMP: *talih) *CaliS
Bontok (680 / 1105)

tálonforest (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN
tampípikind of basket with fitting cover, for general storage (< Ilokano) (PPH: *tampipiq)
tanəma cutting, as of sugarcane (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
táŋadto look up, to respect, look up to (PMP: *taŋad)
taŋdánto pay for work performed (PPH: *taŋ(e)dan)
taŋəbto cover, as a pot or vat (PMP: *taŋeb)
taŋə́nsomething placed under an object to raise it higher or to keep it from resting on the ground (PPH: *taŋén)
taŋtáŋ-anto use a wooden mallet in a granary for removing or striking home the locking bar; the wooden mallet used for such a purpose (PPH: *taŋtáŋ₂)
tapáto winnow rice; rice husks (PMP: *tahep) *tapeS
tapákto slap the face; a slap on the face (PWMP: *ta(m)pak)
tápalreinforce; strengthen by binding a piece of wood to a weak or broken section; to bind a split to a broken limb (PWMP: *tapal)
tápəyrice beer (PWMP: *tapay)
tapia wide, flat basket used as a drying tray (PMP: *tapi)
tapíkto slap the face lightly; a slight slap on the face (PMP: *tapik)
taptápto chew; to move one’s mouth, as in eating (PPH: *taptap)
tápukdust in the air, especially when travelling in a vehicle (PPH: *tapuk₂)
tápukdust in the air (ROOT)
tápusthe last day of the month (PAN: *tapus)
tap-ʔánbe winnowed, of rice (PMP: *tahep-an) *tapeS
tapʔia wide, flat basket, used as a drying tray (PMP: *tahep-i₂) *tapeS
Bontok (700 / 1105)

tastasto take apart, of something which has been built or made, as the roof of a house; to unravel (PAN: *tastas)
tat-taʔikind of vine having an unpleasant smell (Asclepiad) (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
taulto raise the head, as when attempting to see over something, or of a dog when baying (PPH: *taqul) *taqúl
táʔifeces (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
táʔi-n si kúləŋear wax (PWMP: *taqi nu Caliŋa) *Caqi
təbálto answer, as when one is called (PPH: *tebáR)
təbə́kstick or wire used for piercing, as in order to test if food is cooked; to pierce, as food to see if it is cooked, or pieces of meat when stringing them together (PAN: *tebek)
təbk-ə́npierced (PWMP: *tebek-en) *tebek
tədəkpoint at with the finger; dip a finger into a substance such as sugar or salt, for the purpose of conveying it to the mouth (PPh: *tulduq)
təgtəghit sharply; pound; massage by striking with the edges of one's hands; kill a chicken by chopping off the head (in-, -en) (PMP: *tegteg) *CegCeg
təgtəgto hit sharply; to pound; to massage by striking with the edges of one’s hands; to kill a chicken by chopping off the head (PAN: *CegCeg)
təgtə́ghit sharply; pound; massage by striking with the edges of one's hands (ROOT)
təktə́kto make a hole in wood, as to ascertain whether it is resinous or not; to have a deep cut, as from the blow of an axe (PAN: *tektek₁)
təktəkmake a hole in wood, as in order to ascertain whether it is resinous or not (PMP: *tektek₂) *CekCek
tələbto pour off excess water from cooking rice (PMP: *teReb)
təmpáksplit a section off, of wood or stone, as in order to lighten a load (PMP: *tempak)
təmpáksplit a section off, of wood or stone, as in order to lighten a load (ROOT)
tənəb ~ tənb-ənto temper steel (PAN: *teneb)
təŋato be directly opposite, above, below or between; to aim; to position; to centralize; to line up (PMP: *teŋaq)
təŋbawremove the top part of the contents of a container (ROOT)
Bontok (720 / 1105)

tídakto push into the mud of a pondfield with one’s feet, as weeds for fertilizer (PWMP: *ti(n)zak)
tiktíkrepeatedly strike with a pointed instrument, as in making a tattoo or breaking a stone (-an, i-) (PMP: *tiktik₁)
tiktíkto report what one has heard; to betray; to accuse (PPH: *tiktík₃)
tiktikto repeatedly strike with a pointed instrument, as in making a tattoo or breaking a stone (PAN: *tiktik₁)
tínaa black dye used especially in preparing death clothes (LOAN)
tínaa black dye used especially in preparing death clothes (LOAN)
tiŋalany object used to keep two things separate or to wedge them apart, as a small rock wedged under a boulder so that crowbars used in rolling the boulder will not be jammed; to push such a wedge in place (PPH: *tiŋal)
tipunto assemble; to gather; to bring together in a group; to marry (PPH: *típun)
títito drip, of rain from the eaves of a house; such rain drops (PWMP: *tiqtiq)
tiwátiwto drive chicken away with a stick (PPH: *tiwatiw)
túbuto sprout leaves; to grow; a leaf (PMP: *tubuq, tumbuq) *Cubuq
tubúnto heap; to stack; to pile up; to gather together, of many objects (PWMP: *tumbun)
túbuŋa bamboo container, used for preserving fish or sliced meat, or for storing salt; to place something in this container (PWMP: *tubuŋ)
túduleak (PAN: *tuduq)
tuduto reveal; to make known; to show; to point out (PMP: *tuzuq₂) *Cuzuq
tudú ~ i-tduto reveal; to make known; to show; to point out (PAN: *tuzuq₁)
tuduŋto protect from the rain or sun by covering with something, as a bunch of leaves; anything used as a cover for protecting from sun or rain (PMP: *tuduŋ)
tugiyam; to gather yams (PPH: *tugíq)
tugtúgcrush by beating, as with a stone or a piece of wood (PMP: *tugtug₂) *CugCug₁
tugtugto crush by beating, as with a stone or a piece of wood (PMP: *tugtug₁) *CugCug₂
Bontok (740 / 1105)

tugtugto crush by beating, as with a stone or piece of wood (PWMP: *tugtug)
tukábto open (PWMP: *tu(ŋ)kab)
tukákfrog (PPH: *tukák)
tuktukthe beak of a bird; to peck (PAN: *tuktuk₁)
tuktukthe skull of any human or animal, excluding the lower jaw; the summit of a hill or mountain (PAN: *tuktuk₂)
tuktuk-ənto pound, to break; to crush, as with a stone (PAN: *tuktuk₃)
túkudhouse post (PAN: *tukud)
túladto copy, to imitate (PWMP: *tulad)
tuldacanvas; tent (LOAN)
túləŋdeaf (PPH: *tuleŋ)
tulkudhouse post (ROOT)
tullu-tulluto be in units of three (as when dividing meat into portions) (PMP: *telu-telu) *telu
tulúthree, to be three (PAN: *telu)
tulú-ganthree, play counting (PPH: *telu-gan) *telu
tulu-wanto make three; to join with (two others); a third one (PWMP: *telu-an) *telu
tulu-wənto divide into three or thirds; one third (PWMP: *telu-en) *telu
túmakind of louse found in clothes and bedding (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
t<um>ágipto slice up vegetables (PPH: *tájip)
t<um>áʔito defecate (PMP: *t<um>aqi) *Caqi
tumə́kcrush, as stone; break into small pieces, as lumps of rice (PAN: *Cumek)
Bontok (760 / 1105)

túməlwart; mole (NEAR)
t<um>úbusprout leaves, grow (PMP: *t<um>ubuq) *Cubuq
tunathis person, near speaker (opp. to that person, away from speaker) (NOISE)
tuntunto discover; to enquire regarding the disposition of something (PWMP: *tuntun)
tuŋʔalbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)
tupíhem a dress, fold (ROOT)
tútuto pound with a piece of wood other than a pestle, for softening bark or sugarcane pith (PAN: *tutuh)
tutu-ənto pound with a piece of wood other than a pestle, for softening bark or sugarcane pith (PWMP: *tutu-en) *tutuh
túunto pile on top of; to place on top of; to add to (PPH: *tuqun₁)
tuwádto be bottom up, as women working in the fields; to walk, bottom out (PWMP: *tuad)
wádabring about; make; form; create; father a child; there is, there exists (PWMP: *wada-q) *wada
wáilstream; creek (PMP: *wahiR)
wákalany vine used for tying (PMP: *wakaR)
wákaŋto stride, walk with large steps (PMP: *waŋkaŋ)
wákaŋstride, walk with large steps (ROOT)
wákaŋ-ənto stride, to walk with large steps (PPH: *wákaŋ)
wákatspread around, as things which make a mess, scraps, paper, or mud (PPh: *wákat)
wálasdistribute (PPh: *wáras)
walúeight; to be eight (PAN: *walu)
walwálto move from side to side, as when removing a loose rock from a wall or a post from a hole; to twist or rotate a limb as a form of massage (PPH: *walwáR)
Bontok (780 / 1105)

walwálto move from side to side, as when removing a loose rock from a wall or a post from a hole; to twist or rotate a limb as a form of massage (PPh: *walwál)
waŋáwaŋwiden a cut in the dike of a terrace wall to allow free flow of water to the terrace below (PPh: *waŋáwaŋ)
wásayshort-bladed axe (PWMP: *wasay)
wáʔakcaw (crow), squeal (frightened pig) (PPh: *wáak)
witíwitwag, of a dog's tail (PAN: *witiwit)
wiwímake a high-pitched whistling sound (PPh: *wiwí)
wiwímake a high-pitched whistling sound (NOISE)
wiwʔícut open, as intestines, in order to clean them prior to cooking (PPh: *wíqwiq)
yakála tall softwood tree, the mahogany: Hopea sp. (PPH: *yakál)
yawyáwto eat (PPH: *yawyaw)
yəkyəkarmpit (PPH: *yekyek₁)
yuŋúyuŋto hang down, as a branche which is laden with fruit; to walk with bowed head, as when one is sad (PPH: *yuŋyúŋ)
yuŋyúŋto bend over in order to look at something on the ground, or to put something on the ground (PPH: *yuŋyúŋ)
ʔə́wəwthirsty; thirst (PPH: *hawaw)
ʔatag question, typically with a rising intonation (PMP: *ha₁) *ha
ʔaaexpression of recognition or agreement (PPH: *qa)
ʔabácarry on one's back, as a child or sick person (PPh: *aba₂)
ʔabánblanket or length of cloth used for carrying children; carry a child using a carrying blanket (PMP: *haban) *SabaN
ʔábaŋto rent; the amount of rent that one pays (PWMP: *abaŋ₃)
ʔábatperform a ceremony for someone who has had a spirit encounter; such a ceremony (PPh: *abat₂)
Bontok (800 / 1105)

ʔábatto meet, usually by plan or prior arrangement (NOISE)
ʔabə́lweave cloth (PPH: *habél)
ʔabə́tjoin; meet; come together, of inanimate objects, as the edges of a wound (NOISE)
ʔabilatthe relationship between spouses of siblings (NEAR)
ʔabilátthe relationship between spouses of siblings (NOISE)
ʔabkasto spring, release or set off, of a spring release bird or animal trap (ROOT)
ʔabl-ənwhat is woven (PWMP: *habel-en) *habél
ʔabúashes which settle after something is burned; dust which settles after pounding rice or cleaning something (PMP: *qabu)
ʔábulchase away chickens or animals, using a stick; the stick so used (PPh: *ábuR)
ʔábuŋa house; one’s residence (PPH: *hábuŋ)
ʔabutto finish off, of work (PPH: *qábut)
ʔadáwwifar, distant (PPH: *hadawiq)
ʔadíno, not, negator of verbs and adjectives (PAN: *qazi)
ʔadino, not, negative of verbs and adjectives (PAN: *adi)
ʔagama ~ agmacrab; to gather crabs (PPH: *aRama)
ʔagdánwooden steps leading to the door of a house with raised floor (PMP: *haRezan)
ʔagmacrab (PWMP: *qaRama)
ʔágudto sharpen to a point, as a post, stick, or pencil (PWMP: *aRud)
ʔákaŋto step over, as a rock or a sleeping person (PWMP: *akaŋ)
ʔakúblarge covered basket, generally used as a lunch basket for carrying rice to the fields (PMP: *aŋkub)
Bontok (820 / 1105)

ʔákupgather up with cupped hands, as spilt beans (PMP: *aŋkup₁) *aŋkup
ʔálaget (PAN: *alaq₁)
ʔálaget (PAN: *ala)
ʔáladfence, wall (PAN: *qalad)
ʔálakstore bought hard liquor, as gin (LOAN)
ʔalátəya bridge, usually a single log across a small stream (ROOT)
ʔalá-ʔənget (PAN: *alaq-en) *alaq₁
ʔalgáw-anplace in the sun (PPh: *qalejaw-an) *qalejaw
ʔalgə́wsun (PMP: *qalejaw)
ʔálito come; to bring; implies motion toward speaker or speaker’s home (PAN: *aRi)
ʔalindadəkhiccough (ROOT)
ʔalipugpúgto do something with exaggerated motions, as walking; to shake; to convulse (PPH: *qali-pugpug)
ʔalipuspushair spiral; whirlpool (PMP: *qali-puspus)
ʔáluŋto shelter; to get into the shade (PMP: *aluŋ)
ʔalutə́npieces of split log when placed on a fire; firewood (PMP: *aluten)
ʔalʔúpestle; use as a pestle (PMP: *qahelu) *qaSelu
ʔamámarried man; adult male, one who has had a child; an old man, one who has grandchildren and who knows the prayers; be big, of children, male or female, especially newborn, also of sweet potatoes (PAN: *amax)
ʔámaterm of address for one's male relatives at the first ascending generation level; father; uncle; father-in-law (PAN: *amax)
ʔamákalitter, device for carrying sick people, usually consisting of a blanket fastened between two parallel carrying poles (LOAN)
ʔámancareful or deliberate, esp. of an undesirable activity (PPH: *áman)
Bontok (840 / 1105)

ʔamínuse up, consume (PAN: *amin)
ʔamtía tall herb used for pig food, and cultivated as a vegetable substitute: Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) (PMP: *hameti) *SameCi
ʔam-ʔamáan old man, one who has grandchildren and who knows the prayers (PWMP: *ama ama) *amax
ʔana voice-marking suffix, non-completive aspect, which subjectivalizes the locative case relation; a gerundivizing suffix occurring in combination with voice marking affixes... In appropriate contexts it also functions as a temporal or locative suffix (PAN: *-an)
ʔanákrelative at the first generation level below ego; child; nephew; niece; son; daughter (PMP: *anak) *aNak
ʔanak-ənadopt a child; sponsor a child for baptism; have a godchild (PWMP: *anak-en) *aNak
ʔandulong; tall (PWMP: *a(n)duq)
ʔánəytermite (PAN: *aNay)
ʔániharvest rice or other grain bearing plants; to gather seeds from certain weeds (PMP: *qanih) *qaniS
ʔanítuthe spirit of an ancestor; any spirit (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu
ʔantákkind of cowpea, commonly cultivated: Vigna sesquipedalis L.; to gather this pea (PWMP: *hametak)
ʔánudbe swept away by a flow of water (PAN: *qañud)
ʔanu-kaan empty form substituting in any form class when the normal form is inappropriate or when it cannot be recalled; what's-it; what-you-may-call-it (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁
ʔanúphunt wild animals, as pig or deer; a hunter, of a dog (= hunting dog) (PAN: *qanup) *qaNup
ʔanʔákoffspring (plural) (PMP: *anak) *aNak
ʔan-ʔanakchild, one who has not yet entered puberty (PMP: *an-anak) *aNak
ʔan-ʔanittuact as though possessed by a spirit (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu
ʔan-ʔannakdoll (PMP: *an-anak) *aNak
ʔan-ʔannakdoll (PWMP: *anak anak) *aNak
ʔaŋabtake a bite out of something, as an apple; bite on; snap, of a dog (PMP: *qaŋab)
Bontok (860 / 1105)

ʔáŋalto answer back angrily, to challenge (PPh: *áŋal)
ʔáŋalanswer back angrily; to challenge (ROOT)
ʔáŋitscold, shout at (PMP: *haŋit)
ʔaŋsə́gunderarm perspiration; the smell of underarm perspiration (PWMP: *aŋ(e)cej)
ʔaŋtəbto graze, of cattle (ROOT)
ʔaŋtə́ghave a strong smell, of the smell of urine or of the leaves of the sweet potato vine when cut up for pig food; have a strong taste, of the taste of half-cooked látoŋ (bean) leaves (PPh: *qaŋ(e)téj)
ʔaŋútchew on; gnaw on, as a bone or corn (PPh: *haŋút)
ʔaŋ-ʔaŋsə́gunderarm perspiration, the smell of underarm perspiration (PWMP: *qaŋ(e)sej)
ʔapáksplit or divided, as a forked stick or a tree with a divided trunk (ROOT)
ʔapál-ənbe chased, pursued (PPH: *hapáR-en) *hápaR
ʔapídbraid (PWMP: *apid₁)
ʔapídplait, braid (as the hair) (PAN: *qapid)
ʔapílbe a twin (PMP: *hampil)
ʔápinsleeping mat; banana leaf or other such object upon which food may be placed when eating out of doors (PMP: *hapin)
ʔaplagsleeping mat (PPH: *ap(e)lag)
ʔapláskind of shrub with edible fruit. Its rough leaves are used for smoothing wooden utensils: Ficus ulmifolia Lam. (Morac.)' (PMP: *qa(m)pelas)
ʔaplústo massage, as a tired back, using a salve such as coconut oil (PPh: *hapRus)
ʔaplústo massage, as a tired back, using a salve such as coconut oil (PPh: *hap(e)rus)
ʔaplusto massage, as a tired back, using a salve such as coconut oil (PPH: *ap(e)rus)
ʔapúthe relationship between relatives at the second (or greater) ascending or descending generation; grandparent, grandchild; an old person, a grandparent; a leader, a person in charge, usually applied only in situations which are not traditional Bontoc institutions (PMP: *ampu) *apu
Bontok (880 / 1105)

ʔáputerm of address for all of one's relatives at the second (or greater) ascending or descending generation; grandparent, great grandparent; grandchild, great grandchild (PMP: *ampu) *apu
ʔapúkscatter, as a crowd of people or broken beads (PWMP: *ampuk)
ʔapúymake someone break out in boils for having transgressed on one's property or having stolen something belonging to one (PPh: *apúy)
ʔapúyfire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
ʔasákinvade, as enemies invading a village; spread out, as people hunting for a missing water buffalo (NOISE)
ʔasáwamarry; spouse (PAN: *qasawa)
ʔasaw-ənmarry (PPh: *qasawa-en) *qasawa
ʔasá-ʔanwhetstone, especially one used for putting a fine edge on a blade (PMP: *hasaq-an) *Sasaq
ʔásipity, sympathy, mercy (PMP: *qasiq)
ʔasínsalt; hot mineral springs, also the crystal deposits formed around the springs; add salt to something; sprinkle yeast on cooked rice in the making of rice beer (PAN: *qasiN)
ʔásudog (PAN: *asu₁)
ʔasúda method of pounding rice, in which two persons, one on each side of the mortar, alternately strike their pestles into the mortar (PPh: *qasúd)
ʔasud-anpound (PPh: *qasud-án) *qasúd
ʔasúksmoke; be smoky, give off smoke (PMP: *asuk)
ʔatáexpression of displeasure or dislike of another person (PPh: *atá)
ʔátaŋpole from which a load is suspended and which is supported on the shoulders of two men (PWMP: *ataŋ₂)
ʔátapto suspect, to guess (as a person's guilt) (PPh: *antap)
ʔatáyexpression of pleased surprise (PWMP: *hatay)
ʔátəbtrip-release trap for small aminals (PAN: *qaCeb)
ʔatədshare something with somebody (PMP: *hateD) *SateD
Bontok (900 / 1105)

ʔatə́pa roof, specifically a roof thatched with cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica); make or repair the roof of a house or other shelter; thatching (PMP: *qatep)
ʔati-buŋálənrainbow (PAN: *qaCi-)
ʔatp-ánput a roof on (PWMP: *qatep-an) *qatep
ʔátulthe top row of rocks around the rock wall of a pig pen (PMP: *kam-ami) *ami
ʔatuŋto have a burn (as a burned hand) (PPH: *hátuŋ)
ʔáwakbody (PMP: *hawak) *Sawak
ʔáwidmake supplication to spirits while walking along a trail. (NOISE)
ʔawítcarry; take with one; accompany (NOISE)
ʔawníwait; make something last; some unspecified time in the future; soon; later (PAN: *Sauni)
ʔayparticle introducing yes-no questions (NOISE)
ʔayparticle linking attributive structure (NOISE)
ʔayátag question, when a positive response is expected (NOISE)
ʔayúpto blow on, as a fire to make it flame (PWMP: *hayup)
ʔáyutsexual desire; lust; be licentious (PWMP: *ayut)
ʔay-ʔáyambird (PAN: *qayam₁)
ʔay-ʔáyamto play (PWMP: *qayam₃)
ʔaʔaexpression of warning to small children, as for example against touching something hot or dirty (PWMP: *aqa)
ʔədə́gback of a person or animal; the hard case or shell of bamboo, as contrasted with the inner pith (PWMP: *edeg)
ʔəkalto empty out; to take everything out (PPH: *ekal)
ʔəkanfeast (NOISE)
Bontok (920 / 1105)

ʔəkáŋbreak open, as a coconut with one's hands, or a partly healed wound; to dig (NOISE)
ʔək-əkanfeast (PAN: *kaen)
ʔəkəsgo without (NOISE)
ʔəkʔə́kto cough, of a slight cough or a dry cough (PMP: *qekqek)
ʔələ́msheltered or surrounded, as a trail which passes through a forested place (PMP: *elem₁)
ʔələ́mreluctant, cautious, fearful, suspicious (PWMP: *elem₂)
ʔələtto bind; to tighten; to make taut (PMP: *heRet) *SeReC
ʔəlt-ənbe tied up tightly (PWMP: *heRet-en) *SeReC
ʔəmʔə́mshut up; enclose in a small space; surround; crowd around (PAN: *qemqem)
ʔənat-ənto pull back; to withdraw; to retract; to pull up or away from (PPH: *enat-en) *enat
ʔənəbdoor, doorway (ROOT)
ʔənə́bdoor, doorway; to shut up, to close a door (PMP: *qeneb₁) *qeNeb₁
ʔənə́msix (PAN: *enem)
ʔənə́pan erect, medium-sized tree with edible fruit: Bridelia glauca B1. (Euphorbiac.) (NOISE)
ʔəŋəlnose (NOISE)
ʔəŋŋáto cry, of a newborn baby (PWMP: *eŋaq)
ʔəpásto lower; to put down, as a load one is carrying; drop, fall (PWMP: *qempas)
ʔəpátfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
ʔəpat-ənbe divided into four (PWMP: *epat-en) *Sepat
ʔəpəna woven, basin-shaped sleeping hat (NOISE)
Bontok (940 / 1105)

ʔəsáone, be one (PAN: *esa)
ʔəsə́kseed kept for planting; to plant, of vegetables (PPH: *hesek₁)
ʔəsk-ánto plant, of vegetables (PPh: *hesek-án) *hesek₁
ʔəssa-ʔəssabe in units of one (PMP: *esa esa) *esa
ʔətágrains of unhusked rice left after pounding (PMP: *qeta) *qeCah
ʔə́ʔəyes; an expression of agreement (PMP: *heqe)
ʔi-a derivational prefix generally attached to locational words and meaning a person from that location (PMP: *hi-) *Si-₂
ʔi-abúyuto boil for an extended period, of sugarcane juice in the preparation of sugarcane wine (PPH: *abuyu)
ʔi-bagáask, tell; ask for payment of a debt (PMP: *bajaq₂) *bajaq
ʔi-báludto bind; to tie up; to imprison (PPH: *i-balud) *balud
ʔi-butu-wáncastrate (PMP: *butuq) *buCuq
ʔi-daŋdáŋto place close to a fire (as clothes to dry) (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ
ʔi-dapə́tto place objects side by side, so that they are touching; to have the edges of two objects together (PMP: *dapet)
ʔidə́tpack mud on dykes of pondfield (ROOT)
ʔídusspoon; eat with a spoon (PAN: *qidus)
ʔigpithold something between one's arm and the trunk of one's body, or between one's fingers (PPh: *hig(e)pít)
ʔigpít-ənbe held between one's arm and the trunk of one's body (PPh: *hig(e)pít-en) *hig(e)pít
ʔi-gunáyto move, of body action; to work; movement; action; work (PPH: *gunay)
ʔígupviand; that which is eaten with rice (of vegetables, meat or snails). It is usually served in a bowl containing the broth in which the viand was cooked; to drink the broth from the viand bowl; to drink wine (PMP: *hiRup) *SiRup
ʔi-kayátto climb, as up a ladder, tree or steep trail (PPH: *i-kayat) *kayat
Bontok (960 / 1105)

ʔíkəgtuberculosis (PWMP: *ikej)
ʔíkətdog collar (PMP: *hiket) *Siket
ʔíkətdog collar (PWMP: *hiket)
ʔi-kímitto close one’s eyes (PPH: *kimit)
ʔi-kiskísto scrape the outer sheath from reeds (PAN: *kiskis)
ʔi-kiwkiwto stir around, as to stir the ashes of a fire with a stick; any instrument used for this action (PPH: *kiwkiw₂)
ʔiknátstretch oneself, as when tired (PPh: *hikñat)
ʔíkultail of an animal (PAN: *ikuR)
ʔílato see; to divine the cause of a sickness (PWMP: *ila₂) *ila
ʔi-lakuto buy; to sell (LOAN)
ʔi-laslasto rub or scrape clean, using sand or earth as an abrasive (PWMP: *laslas)
ʔi-ləpasto complete; to finish (PWMP: *lepas)
ʔilə́tbind, tighten, make taut (PPh: *hiRét)
ʔílivillage; town (PMP: *hili)
ʔi-likəpto shut up, as a house; to close off, as a flow of water (PPH: *liŋkep)
ʔilítoutskirts of the village, uninhabited areas outside the village (PPh: *hilít)
ʔíliwhomesick; lonely for someone (PPh: *íliw)
ʔíludrub one's body with the palm of the hand when bathing, in order to remove ingrained dirt (PPh: *hírud)
ʔílutto massage, as a sprained ankle (PPh: *hílut)
ʔímunjealous over a person of the opposite sex (PPh: *qímun)
Bontok (980 / 1105)

ʔímutselfish (PPh: *ímut)
ʔin-completive aspect infix (PAN: *<in>) *-in-
ʔínaterm of address for one's female relatives at the first ascending generation level; mother; aunt; mother-in-law (PMP: *ina)
ʔin-apúdaughter-in-law; son-in-law (PPh: *in-apu) *apu
ʔ<in>asínsalted pig meat (PWMP: *q<in>asin) *qasiN
ʔínatto stretch, as an elastic band or a sweater; to pull tight, as a loose thread (PWMP: *iñat)
ʔin-átalto divide into the appropriate number of piles, as in the distribution or sharing of meat or fish (PPH: *hátaR)
ʔ<in>atə́pa house style in which the roof is thatched (PWMP: *q<in>atep) *qatep
ʔin-ənatto pull back; to withdraw (PPH: *enat)
ʔínitto heat a liquid, as soup or water; sun (PWMP: *qinit)
ʔinít-ənbe heated by (PPh: *qinit-en) *qinit
ʔin-matáto have sore eyes (PMP: *mata) *maCa
ʔin-sabsábto eat, of dogs or pigs eating slops (PAN: *sabsab)
ʔinsíkChinese (LOAN)
ʔinúmto drink (PMP: *inum)
ʔinum-ə́nto drink (object focus) (PWMP: *inum-en) *inum
ʔinyugcoconut, Cocos nucifera L. (PMP: *niuR)
ʔin-ʔasáwamarry one another (reciprocal) (PWMP: *q<in>asawa) *qasawa
ʔin-ʔiyút, iyut-ə́nhave sexual intercourse (PAN: *qiut)
ʔíŋitgo near the edge, as of a cliff (NOISE)
Bontok (1000 / 1105)

ʔi-palpálto beat in order to cause injury or death, as in sacrificing a chicken or beating someone with a heavy stick (PPH: *palpál₁)
ʔi-pílito select, to choose, to pick out (PPH: *i-piliq) *piliq
ʔipíŋrest one's head against someone's back or chest, as a child in a carrying blanket (PAN: *qipiŋ)
ʔípitsqueeze; squash (PMP: *qipit)
ʔi-pitpítto mash, as cooked sweet potato or cassava (PAN: *pitpit₂)
ʔípustail of an animal (PPh: *ipus)
ʔi-pustato bet (LOAN)
ʔi-sabʔítto hang up, of articles without handles, or rings used for hanging (PPH: *i-saqebít) *saqebit
ʔi-saŋlagto roast in a pan, as coffee or peanuts (PMP: *saŋelaR)
ʔisdáto eat meat, including fish and edible insects such as crickets and beetles, but excluding snails (PPh: *sidáq)
ʔísikmean, mischievouos (as to attempt to destroy a person's goods); impudent (NOISE)
ʔi-síkatto show off; to skite; to make a public display of one’s possessions or attainments (PPH: *sikát)
ʔi-sontókto fight; to hit with the fists; to box (PPH: *suntúk)
ʔi-súlatto write (LOAN)
ʔi-súluto teach (PAN: *suRuq₂) *suRuq
ʔi-súlutto follow a trail; to believe; to obey; to copy; to follow with (PPH: *súrut)
ʔi-tanəmto plant a cutting, as of sugarcane (PPH: *i-tanem) *CaNem
ʔi-taŋálto bite on; to hold between the teeth, as a pipe, or in the beak, as a bird (PMP: *taŋaR)
ʔi-taŋálto hold between the teeth, as a pipe, or in the beak, as a bird (LOAN)
ʔi-tiktikto repeatedly strike with a pointed instrument, as in making a tattoo (PAN: *tiktik₅)
Bontok (1020 / 1105)

ʔitlúgegg; testicle (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
ʔi-tudlúkto pierce through an object, as with a needle in sewing (PPH: *tud(e)lúk)
ʔi-tuludto push; to shove (PPH: *i-tulúd) *tulúd
ʔi-tuludto push, to shove (PPH: *tulúd)
ʔíwinto bend sideways (NEAR)
ʔiy-álicome, imperative of áli (PAN: *aRi)
ʔiyánto stay overnight (PAN: *ian₂)
ʔiy-anákgive birth, bear a child (PPH: *i-anak) *aNak
ʔiy-anáknephew, niece (PPH: *i-anak) *aNak
ʔiyan-ánstay overnight (PWMP: *ian-an) *ian₂
ʔiyápcount (PMP: *ihap)
ʔiyap-ə́nbe counted (PPh: *ihap-en) *ihap
ʔi-ʔiyán-ana place where one can stay overnight (PAN: *ian₂)
ʔúbadunbind; undo; untie; undress, that is, to untie and remove one's loincloth or waist belt (PPh: *hubád)
ʔubád-ənbe unbound (PPh: *hubád-en) *hubád
ʔúbangray hair; be gray-headed (PMP: *quban) *qubaN
ʔúbisweet potato. In most Bontok barrios, yam: Dioscorea alata Linn. (PMP: *qubi)
ʔubúnto be grouped together, of a crowd of people (PMP: *hubun₂)
ʔudánrain; to rain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
ʔudáŋkind of large caterpillar with red spines (PAN: *qudaŋ)
Bontok (1040 / 1105)

ʔugálicustom; manner; way; practice; habit (PWMP: *ugaliq)
ʔugsádeer (PWMP: *uRsa)
ʔukábthe cover of the topil or akob baskets (PWMP: *hu(ŋ)kab)
ʔúkasundo and remove rice from the basket in which it has been packed and tied (PWMP: *hukas)
ʔukífemale genitals, used only in the expletive okin inam ('your mother's vulva!') (PWMP: *uki)
ʔukílremove piece by piece, as in quarrying rock with a crowbar (PWMP: *quŋkil)
ʔúkitto remove an aggong snail from its shell by using the fingers (other snails are sucked from their shells) (PPH: *úkit)
ʔukúma government official; to rule; to have authority (LOAN)
ʔúkupto cover, as a sore; to line, as a rusty container before putting in the contents; to wrap, as a roll of tobacco (PMP: *ukup)
ʔulátvein; artery; tendon (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC
ʔúlawfeel faint; giddy; nauseated; travel sick (PAN: *ulaw)
ʔúlaynever mind (PMP: *huRay) *SuRay
ʔúlay mueven if, even though (PMP: *huRay) *SuRay
ʔúləgkind of large snake (PMP: *qulej)
ʔúligto put a child to sleep in order that the person watching it can perform other duties (PMP: *hulij) *Sulij
ʔúluhead, top of something (PMP: *qulu) *quluh
ʔúlusslide down a slope (PWMP: *hurus)
ʔúlusslide down a slope (PWMP: *ulus)
ʔúlusslide down a slope (ROOT)
ʔúlutremove grain from rice panicles by pulling them through one's hands (PAN: *SuRut)
Bontok (1060 / 1105)

ʔúmacut down grass; make a swidden; a field formed by cutting and burning the vegetation (PMP: *quma) *qumah
ʔ<um>álato get (PAN: *um-alaq) *alaq₁
ʔ<um>álato fetch, to get (PAN: *um-ala) *ala
ʔ<um>álito come; to bring; implies motion towards speaker or speaker’s home (PAN: *um-aRi) *aRi
ʔ<um>anákgive birth, bear a child (PWMP: *um-anak) *aNak
ʔ<um>ápalto chase away (as a dog chasing a cat) (PPH: *hápaR)
ʔ<um>inúmto drink (PMP: *um-inum) *inum
ʔ<um>iyánstay overnight (PWMP: *um-ian) *ian₂
ʔ<um>lətto bind; to tighten; to make taut (PMP: *h<um>eRet) *SeReC
ʔ<um>tútbreak wind (PWMP: *q<um>utut) *qutut
ʔ<um>unágo ahead of, be first (PMP: *um-unah) *unah
ʔ<um>útato vomit (PAN: *um-utaq) *utaq
ʔunágo ahead of, be first (PMP: *unah)
ʔunasa kind of sugarcane; sugarcane in general (LOAN)
ʔúnatdraw out, stretch, pull, as cotton from a reel or string from a ball (PPh: *huñat)
ʔúnatdraw out, stretch, pull, as cotton from a reel or string from a ball (PPh: *uñat)
ʔunát-ənbe drawn out, stretched out (PPh: *uñat-en) *uñat
ʔunə́gthe soft inner core of certain types of plants, as the banana (PMP: *qunej)
ʔúnusto finish off; to put an end to life, as to kill an injured water buffalo (PWMP: *hunus)
ʔuŋáchild; baby (PWMP: *uŋaq)
Bontok (1080 / 1105)

ʔúŋulto moan, groan; the sound of distant motors as trucks or airplanes (PPh: *úŋur)
ʔúŋuta coconut shell bowl; a piece of coconut shell; to place in such a container (PPH: *húŋut)
ʔúŋuta coconut shell bowl; a piece of coconut shell; to place in such a container (PPH: *úŋut)
ʔuŋ-ʔuŋáyoung one; a person who has not reached the age of puberty; child (PWMP: *uŋaq)
ʔúpayoung hen, pullet (PMP: *qupa)
ʔupə́krice bran, esp. of the bran which results from pounding roasted green rice in the preparation of the doom confection (PWMP: *upek)
ʔuptúthave the smell or taste of old rice that has begun to go mouldy (ROOT)
ʔúpunplace in one pile; gather in one place; form a group (PMP: *upun₁) *upun
ʔúsatto sever, as the roots of a plant or the strips of wood holding together two sections of an incompletely split log (PWMP: *qutas)
ʔusgúkto grunt, of a pig (ROOT)
ʔútavomit (PAN: *utaq)
ʔútaŋto borrow money; a debt (PMP: *qutaŋ)
ʔutáŋ-ana debt (PWMP: *qutaŋ-an) *qutaŋ
ʔutáŋ-əna debt (PWMP: *qutaŋ-en) *qutaŋ
ʔuta-ʔánto vomit (object form) (PAN: *utaq-an) *utaq
ʔútəkbrains (PMP: *hutek)
ʔútəŋthe spur or spike on a spear or axe head which fits into the shaft (LOAN)
ʔutulerection of the penis (PPh: *qutuR)
ʔutútflatus; to break wind (PMP: *qutut)
ʔuwábyawn (PMP: *huab₂) *Suab
Bontok (1100 / 1105)

ʔuwásto wash, as dishes (PMP: *huRas) *SuRas
ʔuwə́yrattan (PAN: *quay)
ʔuyexpression of surprise; expression used to attract someone's attention (PMP: *huy)
ʔuyáwto criticize; to laugh at another person’s misfortune or physical disability (PPH: *uyaw)
ʔúyuna bundle of tobacco containing about twenty mános (one mános = one to five sticks) (PWMP: *uyun₁)
ʔúʔuŋkind of large, grayish, pleasant-tasting mushroom; to gather this mushroom (PMP: *quhuŋ) *quSuŋ
Borneo Malay (1) WMP. see: Malay (Borneo)
Botolan Sambal (224) WMP. see: Sambal (Botolan)
Brunei Malay (28) WMP. see: Malay (Brunei)
100. Buang (1) OC
(bel) rabuwaterfall (bel ‘water’) (POC: *sabu)
Budai Rukai (42) Form.. see: Rukai (Budai)
101. Buginese (405) WMP (Said 1977) [bug] (Bugis) Indonesia (Sulawesi)
a-biasa-ŋhabit, custom (LOAN)
agamareligion (LOAN)
agaraʔseaweed jelly (LOAN)
ajuwood (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw
aju-kaju-ŋall sorts of wood (PMP: *kahi-kahiw) *kaSiw
alafetch, get, take (PAN: *alaq₁)
a-lauʔeast (in Bone) (PAN: *lahud)
aleʔforest (PMP: *halas) *Salas
aleʔ aleʔbushes, weeds (as in an overgrown garden) (PMP: *halas) *Salas
alipaŋcentipede (PMP: *qalu-hipan) *qalu-Sipan
amafather (PAN: *amax)
anawsugar palm (PMP: *qanahaw)
anaʔchild, offspring' (PMP: *anak) *aNak
anaʔ anaʔmany children; a small child (PWMP: *anak anak) *aNak
anetermite, white ant (PAN: *aNay)
aneŋbraid, plait, twine, weave (baskets, mats, but not cloth) (PMP: *añem)
anitukind of plant (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu
anreʔkind of phosphorescent millipede (PWMP: *andap)
antaraʔescort (as a bride to her wedding) (PMP: *hateD) *SateD
anteʔitchy (PMP: *atel)
Buginese (20 / 405)

antiŋ, antiŋ-antiŋearring(s) (LOAN)
anuaŋrare large ruminant found in mountain areas: Anoa depressicornis (PMP: *qanuaŋ) *qaNuaŋ
aŋ-asa-ŋplace where sharpening is done (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq
aŋiŋwind (PMP: *haŋin)
apaŋkind of pastry (LOAN)
appaʔlayer, mat (PMP: *hampaR) *SapaR
ap-poŋ-eŋorigin (PMP: *puqun)
aruʔweep hard (PMP: *qaRus)
asawhet, sharpen (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq
asanayellow sandalwood tree (LOAN)
assaleŋorigin (LOAN)
asudog (PAN: *asu₁)
ataslave (PMP: *qaRta)
ateliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
atekk-ifasten thatch to the rafters (PWMP: *qatep-i) *qatep
atuorder, arrangement (LOAN)
atu-atucustomary behavior or practice (LOAN)
babakname for Chinese born in Indonesia (LOAN)
babaŋdoor (NOISE)
babbaʔwhip (PAN: *balbal₁)
Buginese (40 / 405)

babbaʔa whip (NOISE)
baifemale, of animals (PMP: *bahi)
bakabasket (PWMP: *bakaq-bakaq)
bakkecorpse, as of a dog (PWMP: *baŋkay)
bakuŋkind of flowering plant (PAN: *bakuŋ₁)
bakuʔbasket (PWMP: *bakul-bakul) *bakul
balacuŋcheap white cotton cloth (LOAN)
balanaʔmullet (PWMP: *balanak)
baliuŋadze (PWMP: *baliuŋ)
baliʔfade, of colors (PMP: *balik₂)
balospotted, striped; color (LOAN)
banñakgoose (LOAN)
bantiŋto dash down, fling against (PMP: *bantiŋ)
bantuŋclimb upward, ascend (PMP: *bantun)
bariʔmulticolored, as with black and white stripes (PMP: *barik)
baruaŋbear (PWMP: *baRuaŋ)
barumpuŋcolor of chicken feathers (PWMP: *baRunbun)
basoŋstorage container made of sago leaves and used to carry the starch of this palm (PWMP: *basuŋ)
batu ~ watufruit, grain, seed; stone (PMP: *batu) *batux
bebeʔwrap, bandage by wrapping (PMP: *bejbej₂) *bejbej
Buginese (60 / 405)

bebeʔshiver, tremble, shake, shudder (PMP: *berber₂)
bedakface powder (LOAN)
belaŋspotted (as the hide of a water buffalo) (PMP: *belaŋ₂)
beleto lie, tell a lie (PMP: *beliq₁)
beléraŋsulphur (LOAN)
beleʔscreen-trap for fish (PWMP: *bakelad)
beleʔscreen-trap for fish (PMP: *belat₂)
beleʔscreen trap for fish (PWMP: *belet)
beŋaamazed, astonished (PMP: *beŋaq)
besikspattered, as with mud that splashes up (PMP: *becik)
bessiiron; spear (LOAN)
bettupierce, perforate (PMP: *betus)
biasausual, ordinary (LOAN)
bibisprinkle with water, dampen (PWMP: *biqbiq₂)
bibishake, tremble (PAN: *birbir₂)
bicaratalk, speak (LOAN)
biciʔwhisper (PWMP: *bisik₃)
bidadarinymph, fairy (LOAN)
bidaŋmidwife (LOAN)
bidarakind of tree (PWMP: *bidara)
Buginese (80 / 405)

bilaplant which bears a ball-like fruit which is used as a container for liquids (PMP: *bila₁)
bilalaʔmuezzin; caller to prayer (LOAN)
bilaŋto count (PAN: *bilaŋ₁)
biliʔroom (PMP: *bilik)
billaʔlightning (PMP: *bilak₁)
billaʔlightning (PMP: *bilak₁)
biluduvelvet (LOAN)
biluʔto turn (as a boat encountering headwinds) (PMP: *biluk)
bimbaŋdoubt, anxiety (LOAN)
binasadestroyed (LOAN)
bintaŋstar (LOAN)
bintiŋcarry with the hand (PMP: *bintiŋ)
biŋkuŋhoe, mattock (PMP: *biŋkuŋ)
biolaviolin (LOAN)
biritanews (LOAN)
bisaproved by experience, tried (LOAN)
bisa bisasaintly, working miracles (LOAN)
bissato wash (as the feet) (PMP: *biseq)
bobogive food to, feed (as chickens) (NOISE)
boroŋbuy wholesale, buy all together (LOAN)
Buginese (100 / 405)

buaŋbanish (PMP: *buqaŋ)
buayacrocodile (PMP: *buqaya)
buaʔuse, need, purpose (PMP: *buhat₂)
bubuwickerwork basket trap for fish (PAN: *bubu₂)
bubukind of plant (NOISE)
bubuŋfontanelle (PMP: *bubun₂) *buNbuN
buegreen beans (PMP: *buay₁)
bui, bui-buifish sp. (NOISE)
bukabreak the Moslem fast (PMP: *buka)
bukkuʔhunched over (PMP: *buŋkuk)
bukkuʔ, wukkuʔto wrap; bundle (PWMP: *buŋkus)
bukubone; body (PMP: *bukuh)
bulalakstaring, wide-eyed (PWMP: *bulalak)
bulaŋattach an artificial cockspur to the leg of a fighting cock (PWMP: *bulaŋ)
bulikind of plant (NOISE)
bullaʔround, of the eyes (PMP: *bulat₁) *bulat
bulobamboo (PAN: *buluq₂)
bulubody hair, feathers (PMP: *bulu₁)
bulu mataeyelash (PMP: *bulu ni mata) *bulu₁
buluʔmountain (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁
Buginese (120 / 405)

buntalaʔfish that is able to inflate itself, puffer fish (PMP: *buntal)
buŋaflower, blossom (PMP: *buŋa)
buriʔspeckled (PWMP: *burik)
buruŋbird (LOAN)
buruʔrot, decay (as a corpse in a grave) (PAN: *buRuk)
busafoam (of breakers on the beach) (PMP: *busa₁)
busuŋhave a swollen abdomen (PWMP: *busuŋ)
butuŋa tree: Barringtonia sp. (PMP: *butun)
buwuŋwell, spring (PMP: *bubun₁) *bubun
buwuŋwell, spring (PMP: *bubuŋ₂)
cala-baitransvestite (PMP: *bahi)
cicaʔhouse lizard (PWMP: *cikcek)
dadachest, breast (PWMP: *dahdah) *daSdaS
dapoʔbrazier (PMP: *dapuR₁)
dapur-ɨŋkitchen (PWMP: *dapuR-an) *dapuR₁
darablood (PAN: *daRaq)
dauŋleaf (PMP: *dahun)
duatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
dua-ŋaccompany someone (PMP: *duha) *duSa
durithorn (PMP: *duRi)
Buginese (140 / 405)

elleʔintervening space (as between the fingers or toes), atmosphere, space between earth and sky (PMP: *qelet) *qeleC
elloŋneck (PMP: *eluŋ)
elluŋcloud (PWMP: *heluŋ)
emma-ʔmother (PMP: *ema-q) *ema₁
emmeʔa unit of measure for gold (LOAN)
enneŋsix (PAN: *enem)
eppograndchild (PMP: *empu)
erreʔtying up, fastening (PMP: *heRet) *SeReC
essoday (PMP: *qalejaw)
ettidry (PMP: *qeti₁)
ettoʔmake the sound "/toʔ, toʔ/" (PMP: *etuk)
ettuʔfart (PMP: *qetut)
gajaŋkris (PAN: *gayaŋ)
gasiŋspinning top (PWMP: *gasiŋ)
gənnəʔcomplete (PWMP: *genep)
gonciŋscissors (LOAN)
gonciŋ-ito cut with scissors, as hair (LOAN)
iccuʔlittle (PWMP: *isut₁)
ideŋcrave foods, of a pregnant woman (PWMP: *qidam)
ideʔsmall (NOISE)
Buginese (160 / 405)

i-ko2sg., you/thou (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu
inaM (PMP: *ina)
ina-ŋM (PMP: *iná-ŋ) *ina
indiʔmanner, way of behaving (NOISE)
indo-ʔmother, mother animal (PWMP: *indu-q) *indu
ɨnniŋeyebrow (PWMP: *keniŋ)
inuŋto drink (PMP: *inum)
ireʔslice, cut, carve (PMP: *qiris)
irijealousy (PWMP: *qiRih)
iriŋdrive animals before one (PMP: *iriŋ₁)
isitooth (PWMP: *isi₁)
isoʔsuck (PMP: *qisep)
itelloʔegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
itiʔduck (PWMP: *itik₂)
ittiʔdrop of water (as a teardrop forming in the corner of the eye) (PWMP: *itik₁)
jujuŋcarrying on the head (PWMP: *zuŋzuŋ)
ka-ala-alatake what is not rightfully one's own (PAN: *alaq₁)
kaiʔhook onto something (PAN: *kawit)
ka-lao-laoto go here and there (PMP: *lakaw lakaw) *lakaw
kamaliʔbedroom (PMP: *kamaliR)
Buginese (180 / 405)

k-asi-asipoor (PMP: *ka-qasiq) *qasiq
kasorafter (PMP: *kasaw₁)
ka-taŋkathe Indian cork tree: Millingtonia hortensis (PMP: *taŋga₂)
kennabe struck, affected by (PAN: *keNa)
kimagiant clam, Tridacna gigas (PMP: *kima)
laimale (of humans or animals) (PMP: *laki₁)
lal-lataŋstinging nettle (PMP: *la-lateŋ) *laCeŋ
lampaʔfree, as a domesticated animal loose from its tether (NOISE)
laŋeto swim (PWMP: *laŋuy)
laoto go; to, towards (PMP: *lakaw)
lasopenis (PMP: *lasuq₂)
lauʔsea (PAN: *lahud)
leaŋ ~ liaŋcave, grotto, cavern, den (PMP: *liaŋ)
ləbbimore (PMP: *lebiq)
leleto move; to spread (of a contagious disease) (NOISE)
ləmmaʔweak, soft (PWMP: *lemeq)
lempaʔload carried on a shoulder pole (LOAN)
lempoŋbuffalo wallow, mud pool (NEAR)
lessikspattered (PAN: *lecik)
lessiʔspattered (ROOT)
Buginese (200 / 405)

limafive (PAN: *lima)
linruŋshelter, protection (PAN: *liduŋ)
lumuʔmoss, algae (PMP: *lumut)
mab-baku-bakuʔby the basketful (PWMP: *bakul-bakul) *bakul
mab-bettacut (PMP: *beta₂)
mab-betuexplode (as an erupting volcano) (PMP: *betu₂)
mab-bisaʔ-bisaʔto split repeatedly (PMP: *biseqak)
mab-bissawash the anus (PMP: *biseq)
mab-buŋato blossom, bear flowers (PWMP: *maR-buŋa) *buŋa
ma-busuŋperson whose abdomen is inflated as the result of a curse or supernatural punishment (PWMP: *ma-busuŋ) *busuŋ
mad-darato bleed (PWMP: *maR-daRaq) *daRaq
ma-duasecond (PMP: *duha) *duSa
ma-eppaʔthe fourth (PMP: *ma-epat) *Sepat
ma-iŋeʔhaving vivid memories (PWMP: *ma-iŋat) *iŋat
majaŋblossom of the areca palm (PWMP: *mayaŋ)
ma-jaʔbad (PMP: *ma-zaqat) *zaqat
mak-kattaŋto plane wood (LOAN)
mak-kutanaask, inquire about (PWMP: *maR-kutaña) *kutaña
mak-kututo delouse (PWMP: *maR-kutu) *kuCux
m-alaget, fetch, obtain (PAN: *um-alaq) *alaq₁
Buginese (220 / 405)

m-alato take (PAN: *um-ala) *ala
m-aliʔdrift, float on a current (PMP: *qaliR)
man-nasuto cook (PMP: *nasu) *Nasu
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk)
manuk-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk
manuʔ buriʔa speckled chicken (PWMP: *burik)
maŋ-asufollow one's heart's desire (PWMP: *maŋ-asu) *asu₁
maŋ-erreʔnarrow (PWMP: *maŋ-heRet) *SeReC
maŋ-ideŋto crave foods, of pregnant women (PWMP: *maŋ-qidam) *qidam
ma-ŋilufeel painful sensation, as in the teeth after eating a mango (PAN: *ma-ŋilu) *ŋilu
maŋiwɨŋshark (NEAR)
ma-pituseventh (PWMP: *ma-pitu) *pitu
m-appaʔuse a protective lining or mat (PAN: *S<um>apaR) *SapaR
ma-putewhite (PMP: *ma-putiq) *putiq
mar-ana-ŋone family (PAN: *maRe-anak) *aNak
mar-anaʔwith a child (as a parent sleeping with a child) (PAN: *maRe-anak) *aNak
mar-aŋiŋget a breath of fresh air (PMP: *haŋin)
m-asereturn affection (PMP: *ma-qasiq) *qasiq
ma-siaŋbright, lit up (PWMP: *siaŋ)
mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
Buginese (240 / 405)

mata əssosun (‘eye of the day’) (PAN: *mata nu qalejaw) *maCa
mata laləŋscout, one who points out the way (PMP: *mata nu zalan) *maCa
mata-mataa spy (PMP: *mata-mata) *maCa
mata pasamajor feast day, feast day that is busiest (PMP: *mata) *maCa
ma-ti-kɨrrɨʔstrong, powerful (e.g. the sun’s rays) (PMP: *keRas)
ma-tinroto sleep (PMP: *ma-tiduR) *tiduR
ma-toaparents-in-law (PMP: *ma-tuqah) *tuqaS
mat-taneŋto plant (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
mattiwait (NOISE)
mat-tunuto roast (as fish) (PWMP: *maR-tunuh) *CuNuh
ma-tunucooked well (PAN: *ma-tunuh) *CuNuh
ma-wasawet (PMP: *ma-baseq) *baseq
ma-wasa-wasadamp, somewhat wet (PWMP: *ma-base-baseq) *baseq
m-erruŋlow droning noise (PWMP: *heRuŋ)
m-ettidry (PMP: *ma-qeti) *qeti₁
minaŋamouth of a river, estuary (PMP: *minaŋa)
miññaʔoil (PMP: *miñak)
naand (PMP: *na₅) *Na₁
naand (NOISE)
naŋeto swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy
Buginese (260 / 405)

nasucooked (PMP: *nasu) *Nasu
n-cujuŋto carry on the head (PWMP: *zuŋzuŋ)
nipiʔthin (as cloth) (PMP: *nipis) *Nipis
nippidream (PMP: *h<in>ipi) *Sipi
ŋilupainful sensation, as of arthritis in one’s knee (PAN: *ŋilu)
pab-biasato accustom (LOAN)
pad-dua-duabecome two (PMP: *duha) *duSa
pa-gajaŋstab (PAN: *gayaŋ)
pageʔfence, wall (as a stone wall around a planted field) (PMP: *pager)
p-alato win (PWMP: *alaq₂)
pallaʔenclosed garden, orchard (PWMP: *parelak)
palua hammer (PMP: *palu) *palu₃
paluŋ-eŋrice mortar (PWMP: *paluŋ-en) *paluŋ₁
pam-miriŋedge, side (PMP: *bidiŋ)
pam-miriŋedge, side (PMP: *biriŋ₁)
panasajackfruit (LOAN)
panreŋpandanus (PMP: *paŋedan) *paŋudaN
paŋ-antaraʔperson who leads or escorts another (PWMP: *paŋ-hateD) *SateD
paradapaint (LOAN)
paraʔhoarse (PMP: *paRaek)
Buginese (280 / 405)

par-ettus-eŋfrequently farting (PMP: *qetut)
paristingray (PMP: *paRih) *paRiS
par-inuŋdrunkard (PWMP: *paR-inum) *inum
pa-si-bunosomeone who likes to engage in fights to the death, war leader; kill someone; fight each other; incite an opponent to fight (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
pat-tasiʔsailor (PMP: *tasik)
pa-waluŋfuneral shroud (PMP: *balun₅) *baluN
pɨddɨŋto blink (PWMP: *pezem)
pikkudeformed arm (PAN: *pikuq₁)
piliʔdizzy; cheeks (PWMP: *pilis)
pɨsseʔsharp or sour taste; ginger (PMP: *hapejis)
pituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
poŋtree; capital (for business) (PMP: *puqun)
pucuʔvegetation; tip of a sprouting plant (PAN: *qapucuk)
punneturtledove (PAN: *punay)
punne-punneturtledove (PMP: *punay punay) *punay
putewhite (PMP: *putiq)
rakiʔraft (PMP: *Rakit)
rapeʔtightly bound (PMP: *dapet)
reŋŋeŋfriend, associate (PWMP: *deŋen)
rəppafathom (PAN: *depah)
Buginese (300 / 405)

reppuŋgather (PMP: *rempun)
riin, at, on; toward; from (PAN: *di)
riwatake on the lap (PMP: *riba)
salaalmost; mistake, error (PMP: *salaq₁)
salagaharrow (for rice field) (LOAN)
salakasilver (LOAN)
salaŋkashoulder (NEAR)
saloʔriver (PWMP: *saluR)
sampuɁlarge, body-length sarong,; blanket (LOAN)
sanrapawned (PWMP: *sanda)
sanres-eŋback of a chair, thing to lean on (PMP: *sandeR)
sanreʔto lean on (PMP: *sandeR)
saŋgaraʔfried banana (PMP: *saŋelaR)
saohouse (PAN: *sapaw)
sauɁconquered (PWMP: *saur₂)
sawapython (PMP: *sawa)
saweto arrive (PWMP: *sabay₂)
si-bunokill one another (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
sikkiɁto pick up (as news) (NOISE)
sɨrrefragrant grass sp.: Andropogon nardus Linn. (PWMP: *seray)
Buginese (320 / 405)

subɨŋearring (PWMP: *subeŋ)
suliʔexpensive (PWMP: *sulit₁)
taifeces; to defecate (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
tampuʔpregnant (PWMP: *tambuk)
taneŋplant (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
taneŋ-eŋplantation (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
tapaslow roasting, as of fish over a fire (PMP: *tapa₁) *Capa
tara-manuʔcockspur (PMP: *tada)
tara-manuʔcockspur (PMP: *tara)
tar-eppaʔevery four, all four (PWMP: *taR-epat) *Sepat
tasiʔsea (poetic) (PMP: *tasik)
tauŋyear (PMP: *taqun)
tau-tau matapupil of the eye (‘person of the eye’) (PMP: *tau nu mata) *maCa
tebbaʔnotch or incise, as a tree (PAN: *tebek)
təbbusugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
tedduŋumbrella (PMP: *teduŋ₁)
tellaŋkind of bamboo (PWMP: *telaŋ)
telleŋsink, submerge (PWMP: *teleŋ)
telluthree (PAN: *telu)
tirostare, look into the distance (PMP: *tindaw)
Buginese (340 / 405)

toaold (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS
t<om>oaparents (PWMP: *t<um>uqah) *tuqaS
tudaŋsit (PMP: *tu(n)daŋ)
tukaʔclimb a mountain (PAN: *tukad₂)
tumaclothes louse (PMP: *tumah) *CumeS
tunuto roast (as fish) (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh
tuppato pour out (PWMP: *tumpaq)
uafruit (PMP: *buaq)
ubaʔgunpowder (LOAN)
ujuŋbundle, as of firewood (PWMP: *uyun₁)
uleŋmoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
unokill (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
unrefish net (LOAN)
uraiʔwest (PWMP: *udahik)
uriŋcooking pot (PWMP: *kurin)
uriŋcooking pot (PMP: *kudin)
uriŋ-kuriŋsmall cooking pot (PMP: *kudin)
usiŋcharcoal (PAN: *qujiŋ)
usoblossom of the banana tree (red and heart-shaped; Mills 1975:808) (PMP: *pusuq₁)
utanaask, inquire about (PMP: *kutaña)
Buginese (360 / 405)

utulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
wajaʔto pay (PMP: *bayaD)
waleʔreciprocate, do in return (PAN: *bales₁)
waluŋwrap up (PMP: *balun₅) *baluN
waluʔbundle (PWMP: *balut₂)
waŋuŋbody (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN
waramparaŋgoods, possessions (LOAN)
waranibrave (PMP: *baRani)
waraŋeŋrat-weed, arsenic (PWMP: *baraŋen₂)
wareʔathwart, across (PAN: *baRat₁)
wasawet (PMP: *baseq)
wataŋtrunk, stem; strong (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
wekasplit (PMP: *beka)
welaŋray of light (ROOT)
weluʔbend back, e.g. the fingers in dancing (Matthes 1874) (PMP: *beluk)
wenaŋthread (PWMP: *benaŋ)
weneseed for sowing (PWMP: *benehiq)
wennaŋ si wuteʔa piece of thread (PWMP: *butes)
wereʔhusked rice (PMP: *beRas)
weseʔdense, packed closely together (PMP: *besek)
Buginese (380 / 405)

wesoʔsatiated, full from having eaten enough (PAN: *besuR)
wessa, ma-bessabig, large; magnanimous (LOAN)
wetato cut (PMP: *betak)
weteto fry, as corn (PWMP: *beRtiq)
wettato cut (as vegetation with a machete) (PMP: *beta₂)
wetteŋmillet (PMP: *beteŋ₁) *beCeŋ
wetteŋmillet (PMP: *betem)
widaŋwinding sheet (PWMP: *bidaŋ)
wijiseed; numeral coefficient for small objects (LOAN)
wilodazzled by glare (ROOT)
winaŋa(= minaŋa) estuary, mouth of river (PMP: *binaŋa)
wineseed-rice (PMP: *binehiq) *bineSiq
wiriŋedge (as of the sea) (PMP: *bidiŋ)
wiriŋedge (as of the sea) (PMP: *biriŋ₁)
wisaʔsplit (wood) (PMP: *biseqak)
witicalf of the leg (PMP: *bities)
wittuŋstar (PAN: *bituqen)
wiwelip (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR
wukkaʔto open, remove (as the lid of a pot) (PMP: *bu(ŋ)kas) *bukas
wumpuŋheap, stack, pile (PMP: *bunbun)
Buginese (400 / 405)

wuŋeʔfirst, beginning (PMP: *buŋas)
wusekto stuff (as a pillow with kapok) (ROOT)
wutablind (PMP: *buta₁) *buCa
wuteʔbroken piece of thread or rope (PWMP: *butes)
wuttaŋgush out (as water from a reservoir) (PMP: *buntaŋ)
102. Buginese (dial.) (2) WMP
sapofence (PAN: *sapaw)
sappobamboo structure around a well so one may bathe unobserved (PAN: *sapaw)
103. Buginese (Soppeng) (1) WMP [bug] (Bugis) Indonesia (Sulawesi) [aka: Soppeng Bugis, Bugis Soppeng]
lettélightning and thunder (simultaneously) (PWMP: *letiq)
Bugis Soppeng (1) WMP. see: Buginese (Soppeng)
104. Bugotu (295) OC (Ivens 1940) [bgt] (Bughotu) Solomon Islands
apersonal article, used with proper names; used also of particular persons and with relationship terms (PMP: *a₁)
aexclamation: oh! used in address (PMP: *a₃)
-asuffixed pronoun of the object, added to verbs and prepositions; 3sg., him, her, it; serves as anticipatory object (PMP: *-a₂)
a-ahagrate, rub down on a stone (as taro) sharpen by rubbing (PEMP: *asaq) *Sasaq
agupick up by handfuls (POC: *agup) *aŋkup
a hanuthe person, he who (PMP: *sanu) *-nu₁
ahosun (POC: *qaco) *qajaw
ahu-ahu-asmoky (PMP: *qasu₃)
ahu i beasteam (PMP: *qasu₃)
ahu i tahisea spray (PMP: *qasu₃)
ahu-(ña)smoke; to smoke, of a fire (PMP: *qasu₃)
aiaexclamation (PAN: *aya₁)
anewhite ant (POC: *ane) *aNay
anithis, here (PAN: *qani₁) *qani
aŋaasthma (POC: *aŋak) *haŋak
aŋo-aŋoyellow (POC: *aŋo-aŋo-ana) *aŋo
aŋusuto spit, spit on; spittle (POC: *aŋusu)
ara-arafish fence of coconut leaves (POC: *qaRa₂)
arua tree: Casuarina (POC: *aRu) *aRuhu
ate-ñaliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
Bugotu (20 / 295)

atosago palm; sago palm thatch (POC: *qatop) *qatep
atugo away, go forth; forth, out, onward (PMP: *a-tu) *-Cu
atua fish, the bonito (POC: *qatun)
avin-icarry in the arms (PMP: *qabin)
badisjunctive conjunction, or (POC: *ba₁)
binaa bird, toucan (sic!) (POC: *binam)
binito carry (POC: *binit₂) *biNiC
binito carry (PMP: *binit)
biochambered nautilus (POC: *bio)
bitinative oven; volcano; sulphur (LOAN)
boŋinight (POC: *boŋi) *beRŋi
bothopig (POC: *boRok) *beRek
buriti-ñarear, back (POC: *burit₃) *burit₁
butato stare, bulge, of eyes (POC: *buta₃) *buCa
-dasuffixed pronoun of possession; 1pl. incl.; our (POC: *da₂) *ita₁
danimorning, daylight (POC: *raqani) *daqaNi
duru(onom.) a bird, owl (POC: *druru)
(e)-rua-ruatwo at a time, two apiece (POC: *rua rua₁) *duSa
fii-firito twine (POC: *piri-piri) *pirit
firibind, lap with string (PMP: *pirit)
Bugotu (40 / 295)

fotabreak, smash up; be broken (POC: *potak) *betak
gahorafter (PMP: *kasaw₁)
gaitree; shaft of spear (POC: *kayu) *kaSiw
gamamorning star (POC: *gama)
gamu2pl. focal pronoun, you all (PMP: *kamu₂) *amu
-gamu2pl. object pronoun, you all (PMP: *kamu₂) *amu
ganato think (POC: *kana-kana)
ganito eat up, consume (POC: *kani) *kaen
gao-gahoto set up a booth with rafters (PMP: *kasaw₁)
garaninear, near to (POC: *karani)
gitawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁
githathato know, be aware of, recognize (PAN: *kilala)
goto-histretch the arms, legs, body (PMP: *keteŋ)
gutulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
haiindefinite pronoun, anyone; who? (PMP: *sai)
hanuthing (PMP: *sanu) *-nu₁
haŋato be open (POC: *saŋa₁)
ha-ŋavaa fathom (POC: *ŋapa₁)
haŋa-vito open, as a door (POC: *saŋa₁)
ha-ŋa-vuluten (PMP: *ŋa)
Bugotu (60 / 295)

hauto be far; a long time (POC: *sauq₁) *zauq
hau-nito be far off from, distant (POC: *sauq₁) *zauq
havainterrogative pronoun, what? Used also as indefinite, whatever, anything (PMP: *sapa)
havuluscallop (POC: *sapulu)
hianine (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa
hia-ñaninth (PMP: *siwa) *Siwa
hina otamidday (PMP: *sinaR) *siNaR
hinarato shine, of moon, stars, firefly, lamp; a light (PMP: *sinaR) *siNaR
ilocative preposition; at, from (PAN: *i₂)
ipersonal article, seen in prefix to personal pronouns (PAN: *i₃)
igenitive marker indicating non-specific possession (PMP: *qi₂)
i-instrumental prefix to nouns (PMP: *i-) *Si-₁
-isuffix forming ordinals (NOISE)
ia ani, ia enidemonstrative pronoun: this, here; follows a noun (PMP: *ia₂)
i-haufar; of old (POC: *sauq₁) *zauq
i-iashe (PAN: *ia₁)
i-irathey, used of women only (PEMP: *ira) *ida
i-nauI (POC: *naku) *aku
i-ñothayesterday (POC: *ñoRap) *ñeRab
iva-BIL, SIL (POC: *ipaR-) *hipaR
Bugotu (80 / 295)

kakaelder brother or sister (vocative) (PMP: *kaka₂)
ka-kaito be firm, steady, faithful, right (POC: *kayu kayu)
kanaenemy (POC: *kana₂)
kañuto shake, of earthquake; to shake off (POC: *kañul)
kañuto shake, of earthquake; to shake off (POC: *kañu-kañu)
karito scrape, of flesh of coconut, rasp (POC: *karis₂) *garis
kauto be caught, hung up, entangled (POC: *kau₂)
ke boŋiby night, at night (POC: *boŋi) *beRŋi
kethe-vagina (POC: *keRe)
kikito be little (PMP: *kikit)
kikito be little (POC: *kiki₂)
kililito be round about, around (PMP: *kuliliŋ) *kuliliŋ₁
kilili-around about (PMP: *kuliliŋ) *kuliliŋ₁
kili-ñaencompassing (PMP: *kuliliŋ) *kuliliŋ₁
kobahermit crab (POC: *koba)
koburunorthwest monsoon (NEAR)
koropronominal verbal particle: you two, they two (POC: *koro₁)
kuroboil in a saucepan (PAN: *kuden)
laubeach, seashore, seaward; south (POC: *laur) *lahud
limafive (PAN: *lima)
Bugotu (100 / 295)

lima-ñafifth (PAN: *lima)
lio-likobe crooked, winding, up and down, of path (POC: *liko₂) *likaw
liugo beyond, pass (PAN: *liuS)
liuto go beyond, pass (PMP: *liu₁)
luato vomit (PMP: *luaq)
lua-ñaneck (POC: *Ruqa)
luhuthwart of canoe (PAN: *Rusuk)
lu-lujacargo (PMP: *lujan)
lu-lujacargo (POC: *Rucan) *Rujan
maconjunction: and; the vowel of ma shifts in agreement with the first vowel of the following word; viz. me, mi, mo, mu. The form mi is often preferred when the following vowel is other than i. (PAN: *maS)
ma-dalislippery (POC: *maralis) *dalis
madalislippery (POC: *madrali)
mahuto be replete with food, satisfied (POC: *masuR)
ma-lumulevel, even, easy, soft (PMP: *ma-lumu) *lumu₂
mamavocative; father, sir (POC: *mama) *mamah
mamisweet, agreeable, pleasant to the taste (POC: *mamis) *hemis
-mami1pl. excl. possessive, our (PMP: *m-ami) *ami
manaspiritual or magical power, enchantment, power, ability (POC: *mana₂)
mana-ŋito empower (POC: *mana₂)
manivithin (PMP: *ma-nipis) *Nipis
Bugotu (120 / 295)

manubird; a fishing kite (POC: *manuk)
mataeye; face; covering; entry (PMP: *mata) *maCa
mataguto fear, be afraid (POC: *matakut) *takut
mau-manuinsect (POC: *manu-manuk) *manuk
mavoto heal up, be healed (POC: *mapo)
mimiurine, urinate (POC: *mimiq) *miqmiq
-miu2pl. genitive, your (PCEMP: *kamiu) *amu
monoabide, dwell, stay (POC: *mono)
-mu2sg. possessor, your (PMP: *-mu)
munocaterpillar (POC: *muno)
naindefinite article, a; precedes nouns and gerundives (na tinoni ‘a man’) (PMP: *na₁)
-ña3sg. possessor (POC: *-ña) *-a₂
-ña3sg. possessive suffix, his, her, hers, its (PAN: *ni-ia) *ia₁
nadiflint (POC: *nadi)
nagobefore, in front, first (POC: *nago)
nago-ito precede, go before (POC: *nago)
ñaminibble, bite, taste (PMP: *ñamit)
ñam-inibble, bite, taste (PCEMP: *ñañam) *ñamñam
ñamumosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)
ña-ñapito lick (POC: *ñabi)
Bugotu (140 / 295)

ñapito bite, taste (POC: *ñabi)
natalevel ground, a plain; to be level (PMP: *natad) *NataD
nigenitive; used only in certain phrases (puku ni mana ‘source of power’, pau ni mane ‘an elder’) (PAN: *ni)
ñiku-ñabird’s nest (POC: *ñikut)
niucoconut tree and fruit (PMP: *niuR)
ñoroa wave, breaker, surf; to be rough, of sea (POC: *ñoro)
nulia fruit tree: Pisonia grandis (PMP: *añuliŋ)
ŋarato rail, shout at, threaten (POC: *ŋara)
-ŋgusuffixed pronoun of possession: my (POC: *-gu) *-ku
oduPalolo viridis (NOISE)
ofisit on eggs, hatch (trans.) (POC: *opi)
ogaroot (PMP: *wakaR)
ohofood for a journey (POC: *qoso)
olichange (PCEMP: *oliq, uliq) *uliq₁
oli-hiexchange (PCEMP: *oliq, uliq) *uliq₁
onosix (POC: *onom) *enem
palalato be bald (POC: *palala)
patuhard, firm, taut (POC: *patu₃) *patu₂
pauhead (POC: *pwau)
pavaplank (POC: *baban) *papan
Bugotu (160 / 295)

pidito spring, rebound (POC: *pintik) *bitik₁
pijir-ito plait with three or four strands (POC: *pijir, pijir-i)
pikodislocate, be dislocated (POC: *biko) *pikel
pikodislocate, be dislocated (PMP: *pi(ŋ)keR)
pirito stone with stones (POC: *piriŋ₃) *biriŋ₂
pitia snare, noose (POC: *pintik) *bitik₁
ponoclosed up, stuffed up (POC: *bonor₂) *pened₁
poñudisappear from sight (POC: *boñu)
pukua swelling from a blow; lump, knot, tumor (POC: *buku) *bukuh
purawhite (NEAR)
raŋoto wither, of leaves, yam vines (PCEMP: *Raŋaw₂)
raraŋ-eto warm oneself at a fire (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ
rei tadato lift up the eyes (POC: *tadal)
rodo ponopitch dark (POC: *rodrom₁) *demdem₂
rodo punidarkness (POC: *rodrom₁) *demdem₂
roŋo-ragafame, glory; to be famous (POC: *roŋoR) *deŋeR
roŋo-vito hear (POC: *roŋoR) *deŋeR
roo-roŋoto hear, receive a report; news, tidings (POC: *roŋoR) *deŋeR
ruanumeral two (POC: *rua) *duSa
rua-ñasecond (POC: *rua) *duSa
Bugotu (180 / 295)

sakito step (PMP: *sakil)
siubathe, wash oneself (POC: *siuq₂) *ziuq
siviparrot sp. (POC: *sipi)
sivirired parrot (POC: *sipiri)
sokato impale, play cup and ball (POC: *soka)
sonoto swallow (POC: *sonom)
suato go backwards, retire (PEMP: *suak)
sua-ragito retire, withdraw, to backwater (PEMP: *suak)
sukito pierce, impale, prick (PMP: *suksuk-i) *suksuk
susuk-ito sew, thread, of fish teeth or money beads (PMP: *suksuk-i) *suksuk
tabato pay; wages; reward; price (POC: *taba₁)
tabilolorhinoceros beetle (LOAN)
tabusacred, forbidden, holy; a prohibition placed on use or handling of anything (POC: *tabu) *tambu
ta-bulosuddenly (POC: *ta-bulos) *bulos
ta-bulos-ibe sudden (POC: *ta-bulos) *bulos
tadato look up; up (POC: *tadal)
tadato look up; up (POC: *tadra)
tahisea, saltwater, salt; a vessel for holding saltwater (PMP: *tasik)
taluto put, place, appoint; used as auxiliary verb to denote continuance of action (PMP: *taRuq)
talu-aStop! Wait a minute! Refrain! (PMP: *taRuq)
Bugotu (200 / 295)

tama-ñafather (PMP: *t-amax) *amax
tanoearth, ground (POC: *tanoq) *taneq
taŋito cry, cry aloud, lament, wail; crying, lamentation (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
taŋi-hito desire, want; to bewail (PMP: *taŋis-i) *Caŋis
taŋi mateto wail (for the dead) (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
taŋoto perform, do, work; deeds (POC: *taŋop)
taŋo-lito take, to hold, handle, receive (POC: *taŋop)
tavothawide (POC: *tapola)
tavuliconch shell used as trumpet (POC: *tapuRi) *tabuRi
teteto climb up on a fishing tripod (POC: *tete) *taytay
thokint, curved, windng, crooked (POC: *loki)
thothored ant (POC: *loRo)
thotopus (POC: *loto₂)
tinoniman, mankind, person; male person (PEMP: *tinoni)
tiroto look; a pool, window glass, mirror (POC: *tiro) *tindaw
titathe putty nut (POC: *qatita)
togo-nito arrive, of an appointed day (POC: *toko)
toku-vito cover, of mist or cloud (POC: *tokup) *tekub
tolalarge canoe with prow and stern not very high (POC: *tola)
tolirathey three, of men only (POC: *tolira)
Bugotu (220 / 295)

toluthree (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
tolu-ñathird (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
to-topoa pipe (POC: *topo)
tualiold, of an article (POC: *tuaRi)
tuhuto stretch out the hand, point with the finger (POC: *tusuq) *tuzuq₁
tunumark, blot, cicatrix caused by burning (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh
tup-i (< *tutup-i)to beat, strike, hammer (POC: *tutup₂)
tuvaa creeper used for poisoning fish; to poison fish (POC: *tupa₂) *tubah
ufabe grey headed (PMP: *quban) *qubaN
ufetaro tops for planting (PEMP: *upe)
uharain; to rain (POC: *qusan) *quzaN
ulatendon; sinew; vein (POC: *uRat) *huRaC
ulomaggot (PMP: *qulej)
ulo-amaggoty (PMP: *qulej-an) *qulej
uluhead, top end (POC: *qulu) *quluh
uluŋ-aa pillow; to pillow the head (POC: *quluŋ-an) *qulun₂
umatasnake (POC: *mwata)
uñucast skin of snake (POC: *uñus) *huñus
uracrawfish (POC: *quraŋ) *qudaŋ
utuh-isever, cut off, cut in two, finish building a house (PMP: *utus₁)
Bugotu (240 / 295)

utu-utuclip, crop, cut short (PMP: *utus₁)
uviyam (generic) (PMP: *qubi)
uvupowdery, friable, open (of soil), floury (ROOT)
va-ahodry in the sun (POC: *qaco) *qajaw
vaa-vaŋacrops, food (POC: *paŋan) *kaen
vahaPandanus aff. compressus martalli (POC: *pwasa(rR))
vahubring forth, give birth to (POC: *pasu₃)
vaivinewoman; female (POC: *pai-p<in>ai) *bahi
va-limafive times (PAN: *lima)
va-liuto spread (PMP: *liu₁)
vanogo, come; used in comparisons: beyond, more (POC: *pano) *paNaw
vanualand, island (POC: *panua) *banua
vaŋato eat; vegetable food (POC: *paŋan) *kaen
vaŋodahunt for shellfish on the reef (POC: *paŋoda)
va-oliexchange; in turn (PMP: *pa-uliq) *uliq₁
vari-prefix denoting reciprocity (PEMP: *paRi-)
variheir, heritage; to inherit (POC: *pari₂)
va-roŋoto hear, listen to, obey (POC: *pa-roŋoR) *deŋeR
va-rua-itwice, second time (POC: *rua) *duSa
va-tadaraise up, set up, turn right way up; set one’s shield against the enemy (POC: *tadal)
Bugotu (260 / 295)

va-tadato raise up, set up, turn right way up; to set one’s shield against an enemy (POC: *tadra)
va-tolu-ithird, third time (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
va-tolu-ithird, third time (POC: *pa-tolu) *telu
va-tolu-ñathird (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
va-tolu-ñathird (POC: *pa-tolu) *telu
vavamonitor lizard (NOISE)
vavineman’s sister; woman’s brother (POC: *papine) *bahi
(va)-vitu-ñaseventh (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
va-vonuto fill (POC: *pa-ponuq) *peNuq
va-vuhato beget, bring forth, produce, make, create (POC: *pusa₁)
vilito choose (PAN: *piliq)
vi-toluthe third day, back or forward, not counting today (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
vituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
volibuy, sell, pay; price (PEMP: *poli) *beli
vonufull, fullness (POC: *ponuq) *peNuq
voñusea turtle (POC: *poñu) *peñu
vonu-afull (POC: *ponuq) *peNuq
vuacrocodile (POC: *puqaya) *buqaya
vua-vulawhale (POC: *puRa-puRas)
vudiplantain, banana (POC: *pudi) *punti₁
Bugotu (280 / 295)

vuhato begin, to be, become, appear, to conceive, be born (POC: *pusa₁)
vuhushoot with arrow or gun (POC: *pusuR) *busuR₂
vuito swing on a swing, swing about (POC: *puis) *buis
vuito swing on a swing, swing about (POC: *pui₂) *bui₃
vui-vuiswinging (POC: *pui pui) *bui₃
vulamoon, month (POC: *pulan₃) *bulaN
vuliwash a person, pour water on, quench (PMP: *puRiq) *buRiq
vulu-ñafeather, hair (POC: *pulu₃) *bulu₁
vunu-(ña)outer skin of canarium almond (POC: *bunut₁)
vuŋao(-ña)relations in law (POC: *puŋao)
vurag-abe in abundance, flourish; abundance, increase (POC: *buraq) *budaq₁
vut-ipluck up by the roots (POC: *puput-i) *buCbuC
vutua tree: Barringtonia sp. (POC: *putun₁) *butun
vu-vulubetel pepper: Piper betle (POC: *pu-pulu) *bu-bulu
vu-vuluthe leaf of the betel pepper (POC: *puqulu)
vu-vulu-ñahairy (POC: *pulu₃) *bulu₁
105. Buhid (40) WMP
ag-fánato shoot (PAN: *panaq)
ag-laáwto walk (PMP: *lakaw)
ag-laŋóyto swim (PWMP: *laŋuy)
ag-naáwsteal (PMP: *nakaw)
anákchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak
aó1sg., I (PAN: *aku)
baláyhouse (PMP: *balay)
bánwasky (PMP: *banua)
batóstone (PAN: *batu₃) *batu₁
búokhair (PMP: *buhek) *bukeS
bútolbone (PMP: *butequl)
dálanpath, road (PMP: *zalan)
dilatongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)
duátwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
fakfákwing (PAN: *pakpak₁)
fíagood (PMP: *pia₂)
fili-anto choose (PMP: *piliq-an) *piliq
fitóseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
kutkútto dig (PWMP: *kutkut₁)
láwaspider (PWMP: *lawa₂)
Buhid (20 / 40)

leógneck (PAN: *liqeR)
limáfive (PAN: *lima)
manókbird (PMP: *manuk)
maŋ-amahusband (PAN: *amax)
maŋ-inawife (PMP: *ina)
matáeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
nu-marúmtomorrow (PAN: *nu-)
ŋáyanname (PMP: *ŋajan)
ŋifuntooth (PAN: *ŋipen)
pudúlblunt, dull (PMP: *pudul)
safóloten (PAN: *sa-puluq) *puluq
súsofemale breast (PAN: *susu₁)
talíŋaear (PMP: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa
tálonforest (PMP: *talun₁) *CaluN
tiánbelly (PMP: *tian) *tiaN
tulóthree (PAN: *telu)
ufátfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
únumsix (PAN: *enem)
uyóŋnose (PAN: *ujuŋ)
walóeight (PAN: *walu)
106. Bukat (70) WMP (Rousseau 1971) [bvk] Indonesia (Kalimantan)
amaʔfather (PMP: *ama-q) *amax
anakchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak
anəmsix (PAN: *enem)
anitskin (PMP: *qanit) *qaNiC
apatfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
apuyfire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
aranname (PMP: *ajan)
ari-nyounger sibling (PMP: *huaji) *Suaji
asudog (PAN: *asu₁)
ateʔliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
avuashes (PMP: *qabu)
avunfog (PMP: *Rabun)
ayəmpangolin, anteater (PAN: *qaRem)
bahahusked rice (PMP: *beRas)
barasand (PMP: *badas)
batileg (PWMP: *baties)
batustone (PMP: *batu) *batux
bavamouth (PMP: *baqbaq)
bavamouth (PMP: *baqbaq)
buaʔfruit (PMP: *buaq)
Bukat (20 / 70)

bulubody hair, feathers (PMP: *bulu₁)
buluʔbamboo (PAN: *buluq₂)
danumwater (PMP: *danum) *daNum
daʔblood (PAN: *daRaq)
daʔunleaf (PMP: *dahun)
də-lipancentipede (PMP: *qalu-hipan) *qalu-Sipan
duətwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
dujandurian (PWMP: *duRi-an) *duRi
inəmother (PMP: *ina)
jalaʔtongue (PWMP: *zelaq)
kapanthick, as a plank (PWMP: *kapal)
kapulime (calcium carbonate) (PMP: *kapuR)
kumanto eat (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen
kutulouse, flea (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
la:litroot (PMP: *dalij)
liməfive (PAN: *lima)
maləmnight (PMP: *malem)
mañakfat, grease (PMP: *meñak)
m-arəkto smell (PMP: *hajek) *Sajek
matəeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
Bukat (40 / 70)

ma-vatheavy (PMP: *ma-beReqat) *beReqat
m-uripliving, alive (PMP: *ma-qudip) *qudip
ñamokmosquito (PMP: *ñamuk)
naŋito weep, cry (PMP: *ma-naŋis) *Caŋis
n-utaʔto vomit (PAN: *utaq)
ŋ-agemto hold (PWMP: *agem₁)
ŋalito dig (PMP: *kali₂) *kalih
ŋ-iapto count (PMP: *ihap)
pareyriceplant, rice in the field (PAN: *pajay)
puluʔten (PAN: *puluq₁) *puluq
silufingernail (PWMP: *silu₂)
siŋotbumblebee (PWMP: *siŋ(e)het)
sipaʔbetel chew (PWMP: *sepaq)
supitblowgun (PMP: *sumpit)
taloyegg (PMP: *qateluR)
taluthree (PAN: *telu)
tanaʔearth, soil (PMP: *taneq)
tauright side (PMP: *taqu₁) *taqu
taunyear (PMP: *taqun)
t-nutoŋto burn (PMP: *tutuŋ)
Bukat (60 / 70)

tolaŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)
turuyto sleep (PAN: *tuduR)
tutoŋporcupine (PMP: *taRutuŋ)
tuvəderris root fish poison (PAN: *tubah)
ulətworm (PMP: *qulej)
urugrass (PAN: *udu)
uruŋnose (PAN: *ujuŋ)
utokhead (PMP: *hutek)
werattan (PAN: *quay)
ʔatuhundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus
Bukitan (1) WMP. see: Punan Busang (Bukitan)
107. Buli (248) SHWNG (Maan 1940) [bzq] (Buli ) Indonesia (Maluku)
agamareligion (LOAN)
aitree; wood (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw
ai-bobaŋbutterfly (PMP: *beŋbeŋ₄)
amassift, squeeze out or wash sago (PAN: *Rames)
amcait matmatdeathly afraid, scared to death (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay
a-mliflaugh (PCEMP: *malip)
a-mlif-alaugh at (PCEMP: *malip)
am-tulito sleep (PMP: *ma-tuduR) *tuduR
ānfood; to eat (PAN: *kaen)
asrafter, to which the roof thatch is bound (PMP: *kasaw₁)
asaone (PAN: *asa₁) *asa
asaone (PCEMP: *asa₂) *esa
au2sg., you/thou (PMP: *kahu) *kaSu
badanbody (LOAN)
balajamoney for one's livelihood (LOAN)
balia palm: Oncosperma spp. (NOISE)
baraoutriggers of a boat (LOAN)
baraŋgoods (LOAN)
biasausual, customary (LOAN)
bicaradeliberate, discuss, consider (LOAN)
Buli (20 / 248)

biŋu1confused (NOISE)
biŋulconfused (LOAN)
bisavenomous (as a snake) (LOAN)
bugrandparent/grandchild (PMP: *empu)
bu-butakto close the eyes (NEAR)
camcamsmack the lips (PAN: *tamtam)
dokind of small marsupial (PCEMP: *kandoRa)
doramnight; dark; evening (PAN: *demdem₂)
etraft (PMP: *Rakit)
fa-plural or collective prefix on verbs (PMP: *paRa₂)
fāstingray (PCEMP: *paRi) *paRiS
fa-prefix used for the reciprocal form of a verb (PEMP: *paRi-)
fa-causative prefix (PAN: *pa-₂)
fa-, fai-prefix which indicates that the action concerns a plural subject; with nouns it also forms collectives (e.g. rama 'sister', fa-rama-u 'sisters') (PEMP: *paRi-)
fafanplank (PMP: *papan)
fai-fishow many times? (PAN: *pijax)
fai-fitseven times (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
fai-limfive times; the fifth (PAN: *lima) Buli
fa-laisail; to sail, go on a trip (PCEMP: *pa-layaR) *layaR
fa-matkill (PMP: *pa(ka)-m-atay) *aCay
Buli (40 / 248)

fāndepart; go, walk (PMP: *panaw₂) *paNaw
fànaswarm, hot (PMP: *panas₁)
fapi-fisseveral, a few (PAN: *pijax)
fa-punto kill (intr.) (PMP: *pa-bunuq) *buNuq₂
fa-pun-punkill each other; kill together, kill jointly (PMP: *pa-bunuq) *buNuq₂
fa-sālaccuse, declare guilty; punish (PMP: *pa(ka)-salaq) *salaq₁
fa-susto nurse, give the breast to (PAN: *pa-susu) *susu₁
fatfour (PEMP: *pat) *Sepat
fa-utanask about something (PMP: *kutaña)
fa-yatf-ocover with thatch (PMP: *qatep)
fishow much?, how many? (PAN: *pijax)
fitseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
fit-fitseven each, seven by seven, seven at a time (PAN: *pitu pitu) *pitu
fniflying fox (PMP: *paniki)
fune ni utdog louse, flea (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
gokgokcrow (PMP: *gekgek)
gutiscissors; to cut with scissors (LOAN)
hmāfather, FB (PMP: *t-amax) *amax
hñeM (ref.) (PMP: *t-ina) *ina
i3sg. (PAN: *ia₁)
Buli (60 / 248)

iafbrown fish (PSHWNG: *iap)
ianfish (PEMP: *ikan) *Sikan
ifiŋvery small fish that sometimes swims upriver in huge schools (PEMP: *ipun₁) *hipun₁
imtree with leaves used to make mats (PCEMP: *ima₂)
intandiamond (LOAN)
iruladle of coconut shell (PAN: *qiduS)
isaone (PAN: *isa₁)
itewe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁
iwawant, wish; make, do; an old word that still occurs in sailing language (NOISE)
ka-kamohand (and arm) (PMP: *kamet)
kopo-lawspider (PMP: *lawaq₂)
lacoagulated blood; blood clot (PAN: *daRaq)
labaŋ mtamesh of a net (PMP: *mata) *maCa
la-lautoward the sea and away from the speaker (PCEMP: *laur) *lahud
laŋa fly (PMP: *laŋaw)
laŋitsky, heaven (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
laŋ ŋiŋilawbluebottle, horsefly (PMP: *laŋaw)
lauto howl, of dogs (PMP: *lauŋ)
lausea-side (PCEMP: *laur) *lahud
laufar, far away (PMP: *zauq)
Buli (80 / 248)

lipost, pillar, corner post (PCEMP: *adiRi) *SadiRi
lif-lifaŋcentipede (PCEMP: *qalipan) *qalu-Sipan
liliscut meat in strips (PEMP: *riris) *disdis
limfive (PAN: *lima)
limasscraping the burnt residue from a cooking pan; also a nautical term for bailing water from a boat (PMP: *limas)
lim-limfive by five; all five (PMP: *lima-lima) *lima
liovoice, sound (PCEMP: *liqə)
li pupuŋ-anmain post, center post (PCEMP: *adiRi) *SadiRi
li pupuŋ-ancenter post, main housepost (PCEMP: *hadiRi bubuŋ-an) *SadiRi
litstick, adhere; glue, paste (PMP: *liteq)
loasnit, egg of a louse (PMP: *leseq)
loffathom (PAN: *depah)
lof-saone fathom (PAN: *depah)
loŋato hear (PMP: *deŋeR)
lutwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
lufrat (PCEMP: *kazupay)
lu-lumitkind of water plant, duckweed (PMP: *lumut)
lusiŋmortar (PMP: *lusuŋ) *Nusuŋ
mahither, toward the speaker (PAN: *um-ai) *ai₃
ma-fa-punkiller, murderer (PMP: *pa-bunuq) *buNuq₂
Buli (100 / 248)

ma-fishow long? (PAN: *pijax)
maiashamed; shame, disgrace (PCEMP: *ma-mayaq) *Seyaq
mālpounded tree bark; clothing of same (PCEMP: *malaw)
ma-lautoward the sea and toward the speaker (PCEMP: *laur) *lahud
mamafather (PMP: *mama) *mamah
ma-ma-ipgape, yawn (PCEMP: *ma-mawab) *Suab
ma-maludark, black clouds; shadow of objects (but not of people) (PEMP: *maluRu)
mama tawawaiyoungest brother of one’s father (PMP: *mama) *mamah
mamiŋkind of fish (PMP: *mamin₁)
manibird (PMP: *manuk)
mani-maniall sorts of birds (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk
māŋdry (PCEMP: *Raŋaw₂)
ma-piŋwoman; female (PAN: *ma-b<in>ahi) *bahi
mararipe, cooked (PCEMP: *madar)
masacooked, ripe, complete (PMP: *ma-esak) *esak
masacooked; ripe; complete (PEMP: *ma-qosak) *qesak
masacooked, ripe, complete (PEMP: *masak) *Sasak
matdead; die, also said of a light going out, and of a wound, ulcer, or boil that has healed (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay
mat-matdead body; corpse (PMP: *m-atay m-atay) *aCay
mawaroomy, spacious, as a house (PEMP: *mawa)
Buli (120 / 248)

m-fànaswarm, hot, burning; sentiment (PMP: *ma-panas) *panas₁
mis-missweet (PMP: *emis₁) *emis
mis-missweet (PEMP: *emis₂) *hemis
m-lamandeep (of bay, hole, sea) (PCEMP: *laman)
mnatasty, delicious, sweet; fat of animals (PMP: *meñak)
molaŋcorrect, real, genuine, true (PEMP: *molaŋ)
mtaeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
n-cuf-is/he is peeling it (PEMP: *supi)
nofkind of poisonous fish (PMP: *nepuq)
ntuchild; young (PEMP: *natu)
nusisland (PMP: *nusa₁)
ŋasanname; rank; occupation; function (PMP: *ŋajan)
olanladder (PEMP: *aRezan) *haRezan
olo-anvillage head; owner of something (PMP: *qulu-an) *quluh
o-lolafa tree: Erythrina indica (PMP: *dedap)
opato fly (PMP: *Rebek)
pano, not, nothing, no one (PMP: *bak₂)
pano, not (NOISE)
palasto pay (PAN: *bales₁)
pāpbeneath, under (PMP: *babaq₁)
Buli (140 / 248)

pātwest, west wind (PMP: *habaRat) *SabaRat
pātstone (PMP: *batu) *batux
patakind of edible worm found in sago palms (PMP: *qabateR)
patŋ-opiece of wood or a tree that is lying on the ground (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
pat-pataŋlie fallen, of a tree (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
payanthe wooden boom of a shrimp net or dip net (LOAN)
pékedefecate (PEMP: *beŋkeR)
piaycrocodile (PCEMP: *buqaya)
piŋkind of shellfish (PMP: *biŋaq)
piriŋplate (LOAN)
pisisick, be sick (PSHWNG: *bisik₂)
pisi kacirheumatism (PSHWNG: *bisik₂)
pis-pisiillness (PSHWNG: *bisik₂)
pit-pitascalf, lower leg (PMP: *bities)
plubody hair, feather (PCEMP: *bulu₁)
pnuvillage (PMP: *banua)
ponew; recently (PEMP: *baqoRu) *baqeRuh
pogive, hand over, surrender (PEMP: *boRe) *beRay
poatstinger of stingray (PEMP: *betek₃) *beRtek
po-lauon the sea-side (PCEMP: *laur) *lahud
Buli (160 / 248)

popôabove (PCEMP: *bobo₂) *bawbaw
puonomatopoetic word, triton shell (PCEMP: *buu₂)
pukball, lump, clump, quid (as of tobacco) (PMP: *buŋkul)
punstrike, beat; kill (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
puni yapextinguish a fire (term used while at sea -- not on land) (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
pun-punhit repeatedly, ill-treat (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂
puŋheart (perhaps an onomatopoetic word) (PMP: *buŋ)
pupfish trap (weighted with stones to sink it in water) (PAN: *bubu₂)
pupisago meal, raw sago, sago tree (PMP: *bukbuk₃)
pupi lolothe insides, pith of a sago tree (PMP: *bukbuk₃)
pu-puistench; to stink (NOISE)
pupuŋ-anridge of the roof (PMP: *bubuŋ-an) *bubuŋ₁
pupuŋ-an cicapoend of the ridgepole, gables of the roof (PMP: *bubuŋ-an) *bubuŋ₁
pupuŋ-an ni airidgepole (PMP: *bubuŋ-an) *bubuŋ₁
pusihunting bow; shoot with a bow (PMP: *busuR₂)
sa-one (PAN: *esa)
sareef’ (PMP: *sakaRu)
saicomb the hair (PMP: *saRu₁)
sālfault, error, mistake (PMP: *salaq₁)
saŋ māna handspan, from the outstretched thumb to the outstretched middle finger of a man (PEMP: *saŋa₁)
Buli (180 / 248)

saŋ mapiŋa handspan of a woman, somewhat shorter than the preceding (PEMP: *saŋa₁)
saŋ-saŋbranching, fork, crotch (PEMP: *saŋa₁)
sefatto pass, go beyond, go through (PCEMP: *sepat)
sil(e)they, them (PEMP: *sira) *ida
simisouth, south wind (PMP: *timuR)
si-siamoyster, a shellfish that likes to attach itself to the roots of (mangrove) trees (PMP: *tiRem)
solatpassage up a river (from the sea) (PCEMP: *solat)
sopgo down, descend, dive (PEMP: *sombu)
sosanto stop up, plug with a cork or stopper (PAN: *seŋseŋ)
so-solatname of a place on the east coast of northeast Halmahera where one can penetrate inland by boat (PCEMP: *solat)
so-sosanplug, stopper, cork (PAN: *seŋseŋ)
suato walk backwards, of people or animals, to backpaddle a canoe (PEMP: *suak)
sufto peel, pare (PEMP: *supi)
susbreast, udder, mammary gland; to suck (PAN: *susu₁)
talasburst, crack (PMP: *talas)
taŋisto weep, cry; howl (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
tektekkind of small frog; drop, drip (PAN: *tektek₂)
tepatusks of a boar or elephant; pierce or wound with a tusk (PAN: *tebek)
tetimprovised bridge made of a single plank or tree trunk (PMP: *taytay)
ti-timinkind of cucumber (PMP: *qatimun)
Buli (200 / 248)

tokhit, stamp, tick (PMP: *tek)
tolthree (PEMP: *tolu) *telu
toloegg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
topsugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
to-tolaŋsit (PMP: *tu(n)daŋ)
tulito sleep (PAN: *tuduR)
uaswash oneself, wash the face, dishes, pans, etc. (PEMP: *uRas) *SuRas
ubagunpowder (LOAN)
ufthe young tip of a plant shoot (PEMP: *upe)
ufto blow (person or wind) (PCEMP: *upi)
ukumpass judgement, punish (LOAN)
ukurpredict one's fortune from reading the palm of the hand (LOAN)
ulanrain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
ulanpot, pan (PAN: *kuden)
ulan besiiron pan (PAN: *kuden)
ulan mamaulerain at mid-day with sunshine (this type of heat is believed to be extremely dangerous to children) (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
ulan rakrakearthenware pot (PAN: *kuden)
ulaŋshrimp (PAN: *qudaŋ)
ulubeginning, origin (PCEMP: *qulu) *quluh
umalblockhead, stupid person (PMP: *umel)
Buli (220 / 248)

unafto scale fish (PCEMP: *qunap₁) *quSeNap
untuŋluck, fortune, profit (LOAN)
un-unafscales of a fish (PCEMP: *qunap₁) *quSeNap
upkind of tuber (PMP: *qubi)
usirib (PAN: *Rusuk)
uthead louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
utanask (PMP: *kutaña)
utanto ask (PMP: *utaña)
utuphold a bottle or bamboo tube under water to fill it (PEMP: *qutub)
wāroot (PMP: *wakaR)
wai, wayawater; river (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR
waifwater ladle, bucket made of sago bark (PEMP: *waip)
wata tree: Rhizophore (PMP: *wakat)
wataŋbring, carrying towards or bringing of (NOISE)
waya ulusource of a river (PMP: *qulu ni wahiR) *quluh
wonamsix (PEMP: *onəm) *enem
ya1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku)
yabatwound, be wounded (PCEMP: *abat₃)
yafanline used in harpooning sea turtles (PEMP: *apen) *hapen
yafilime, calcium (PAN: *qapuR)
Buli (240 / 248)

yalget, fetch (PAN: *alaq₁)
ya-na-kmy, mine (with foods, hence marker of edible possession) (PAN: *-ku)
yanamto plait, weave (as mats) (PMP: *añam)
ya-ni-kmy, mine, marker of general possession (house, book, boat, etc.) (PAN: *-ku)
yapfire (PEMP: *api) *Sapuy
yatafthatch; roof (PMP: *qatep)
yatayliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
yawanbanyan tree (PEMP: *qayawan)
108. Bulu (4) OC (Osmond and Ross 1998)
kadavujrain (POC: *kadapuR)
kadistinging black ant (POC: *kadik)
ka-ka taraperson (tara = ‘mature’) (POC: *ka₅)
kude(hourglass) drum (POC: *kude)
Bulud Upi (3) WMP. see: Buludupi
109. Buludupi (3) WMP [dbj] (Ida’an) Malaysia (Sabah) [aka: Bulud Upi]
a-adjectival prefix (PMP: *ha-₁) *ha-
godtannotched log ladder (PMP: *haRezan)
sogkorattan (PWMP: *segaʔ)
110. Bulungan (26) WMP (Lobel 2016) [blj] (Bolongan) Indonesia (Kalimantan) [aka: Bolongan]
aku1sg. nominative; I (PAN: *aku)
ami1pl. excl. genitive, our (PAN: *ami)
aneʔchild (PMP: *anak) *aNak
aroŋcharcoal; ember (PMP: *qajeŋ)
ayambird (PWMP: *qayam₂)
bateŋtrunk (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
bərasuncooked rice (PMP: *beRas)
bə-sindirlean on wall (PWMP: *sindiR)
danumwater (PMP: *danum) *daNum
darablood (PAN: *daRaq)
deraŋred (PWMP: *deRaŋ)
ənomsix (PAN: *enem)
itomblack (PMP: *qitem)
ka2sg nominative pronoun, short form (long form = ika) (PMP: *ka₄)
kami1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami
kenasfish (PMP: *kenas)
lutudknee (PMP: *qulu tuhud₁) *tuduS
manuʔchicken (PMP: *manuk)
muncuŋbeak (PWMP: *mu(n)cuŋ)
pəjomto close the eyes (PWMP: *pezem)
Bulungan (20 / 26)

rayabig (PAN: *Raya)
susefemale breast (PAN: *susu₁)
tajomsharp (edge) (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem
tuleŋbone (PWMP: *tuqelaŋ)
tumitheel (PWMP: *tumid)
udeŋshrimp (PAN: *qudaŋ)
111. Bulusu (4) WMP (Lobel 2014)
dioblique case marker for singular personal names (PAN: *di)
munuŋlip (PWMP: *munuŋ)
surudcomb (PWMP: *sujud)
tumidheel (PWMP: *tumid)
112. Buma (10) OC (Tryon and Hackman 1983) [tkw] (Teanu) Solomon Islands [aka: Teanu]
aiafather (PMP: *aya₂)
e-teŋito cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis
kaand (PAN: *ka₁)
kaand (PAN: *ka₁)
mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
sa-ŋa-uluten (PMP: *sa-ŋa-puluq) *puluq
sa-ŋa-uluten (PMP: *ŋa)
taeno (POC: *taqe₁) *taqe
tosugarcane (POC: *na topu) *tebuS
vilia parrot: Trichoglossus haematodus, and Palm Lorikeet: Charmosyna palmarum (POC: *pwirip)
113. Bunama (31) OC (Lithgow 2007)
boiyesterday (POC: *boŋi) *beRŋi
bune-bunewhite pigeon (POC: *bune bune) *punay
hayakind of anchovy (PMP: *paya)
hisasome; how many? (POC: *pica) *pijax
hudibanana (POC: *pudi) *punti₁
hunu-hunubody hair (POC: *pulu₃) *bulu₁
labiasago (POC: *Rabia) *Rambia
lahi-lahiafternoon (POC: *Rapi) *Rabiqi
lusu-lusu-nahis/her ribs (PAN: *Rusuk)
maand; with (PAN: *maS)
ma-mona-nafat (POC: *moñak₂) *meñak
mata-naeye; point; edge (PMP: *mata) *maCa
matautato fear (POC: *matakut) *takut
matuhamature, ripe; hard, strong (POC: *matuqa) *tuqaS
monapudding boiled in clay pot (POC: *moñak₂) *meñak
mulifollow (POC: *muri) *udehi
natu-naoffspring (PEMP: *natu)
nihidream (PMP: *h<in>ipi) *Sipi
nimafive (PAN: *lima)
numato drink (PMP: *inum)
Bunama (20 / 31)

pomapaint (POC: *boma)
pupupluck a bird, remove leaves from stem; sticks off trees (PMP: *pupu₁)
soputo set (sun) (POC: *sobu) *sombu
ʔalusacurrent (PMP: *qaRus)
ʔatoharoofing material (POC: *qatop) *qatep
ʔe-hisahow many? (POC: *pica) *pijax
ʔenoto lie down, sleep (PAN: *qinep)
ʔianafish (PEMP: *ikan) *Sikan
ʔilaaxe (PMP: *kiRam)
ʔitato see (PAN: *kita₂) *kita
ʔodaeat something raw (POC: *qodaq) *qetaq
114. Bungku (24) WMP (Mead 1998)
anachild (PMP: *anak) *aNak
apifire (PMP: *hapuy) *Sapuy
ateliver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay
ikitail (PAN: *ikuR)
kimaoyster (PMP: *kima)
kutulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux
mataeye (PMP: *mata) *maCa
moŋ-kaato eat (PMP: *ma-ŋaen) *kaen
mo-turito sleep (PMP: *ma-tuduR) *tuduR
ŋeename (PMP: *ŋajan)
ohiasalt (PAN: *qasiRa)
o-limofive (PAN: *lima)
o-ruotwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
o-toluthree (PAN: *telu)
ranolake (PAN: *danaw)
reablood (PAN: *daRaq)
salapath, road (PMP: *zalan)
tahisea (PMP: *tasik)
tamafather (PMP: *t-amax) *amax
tinawoman/female (PMP: *t-ina) *ina
Bungku (20 / 24)

ulesnake (PMP: *hulaR) *SulaR
usarain (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN
vatustone (PMP: *batu) *batux
vuafruit (PMP: *buaq)
115. Bunun (301) Form. (Jeng 1972) [bnn] Taiwan (dialects: Northern 1, Takbanuad 2, Isbukun 34, Takituduh 39)
-aimperative suffix (Nihira 1983) (PAN: *-a₁)
a-asikbroom (PAN: *aSik) Takituduh
alimpancreas (PAN: *a(lR)im)
aminall (PAN: *amin)
amu2pl. actor and patient (PAN: *amu)
apullime (Nihira 1983) (PAN: *qapuR)
asaŋvillage (PAN: *asaŋ₃) *asaŋ₂
asaŋvillage (LOAN)
asaŋvillage (LOAN)
asaŋvillage (NOISE)
asikto sweep (PAN: *aSik) Takituduh
asudog (PAN: *asu₁)
atawe (inclusive); our, let's go (PAN: *ata)
atađkill (PAN: *aCay)
babudomesticated pig (PAN: *babuy₃)
balaŋrib (PAN: *baRaŋ)
baluwild dove (PAN: *baRuj)
banala plant: Smilax china (PAN: *baNaR)
baqlunew (PAN: *baqeRuh)
basaða hairy vine: Pueraria hirsuta (PAN: *baSay) Isbukun
Bunun (20 / 301)

batustone (PAN: *batux) Takbanuad
batuhstone (Tsuchida 1976:134) (PAN: *batux) Takituduh
batuhstone (PAN: *batux) Takituduh
batuʔstone (PAN: *batux) Isbukun
bihigoiter (NOISE)
binsiqseed preserved (as millet seed) (PAN: *bineSiq)
biXigoiter (PAN: *biqel) Isbukun
buanmoon, month (PAN: *bulaN)
bunbunbanana (PAN: *beNbeN)
buŋuhead (NOISE)
buŋuhhead (PAN: *buŋuh)
busulhunting bow (PAN: *busuR₂)
butamote, particle of dust in the eye (PAN: *buCa)
buta-an mataget a mote in the eye (PAN: *buCa-en maCa) *buCa
cikuɬasa bird, the bamboo partridge (PAN: *tikuRas)
ciŋasfood particles caught between the teeth (PAN: *CiŋaS) Isbukun
daanroad, path (PAN: *zalan)
daanroad (PAN: *zalan) Isbukun
daðaabove (PAN: *daya) Takituduh
da-daliŋto moan (of a man, as when sick) (PAN: *daRiŋ)
Bunun (40 / 301)

da-dusatwo, of people (PAN: *da-duSa) *duSa
ðakume (PAN: *i-aku) *aku
dakuscamphor laurel: Cinnamomum camphora (PAN: *dakeS) Takituduh
dalaFormosan maple: Liquidambar formosana (PAN: *daRa₁)
dalaqground (earth, land, place, soil) (PAN: *daReq)
ð-ami1pl. excl. nominative, we (PAN: *i-ami) *ami
damuqdew (PAN: *damuq₂)
danavwash (face, oneself) (ROOT)
danumwater (PAN: *daNum)
daqisface (PAN: *daqiS)
daqusoapberry (PAN: *daqu₂)
daXisface (PAN: *daqiS) Isbukun
dinaŋrust (Shigeru Tsuchida, p.c., 2/29/12) (PAN: *diNaŋ) Isbukun
dulithorn (PAN: *duRi)
duɬiʔthorn (PAN: *duRi) Isbukun
dumaother, other people (PAN: *duma)
dumdumdark, overcast, gloomy (as the sky on a cloudy day) (PAN: *demdem₂)
dusatwo (non humans) (PAN: *duSa)
dusa-dusatwo together (PAN: *duSa duSa) *duSa
dusa-ŋalready two; still two (PAN: *duSa)
Bunun (60 / 301)

haisboundary (PAN: *qajiS)
hamis-anyear (Tsuchida 1976) (PAN: *qamiS-an) *qamiS
hatubdeadfall trap to catch rats (Tsuchida 1976:167) (PAN: *qaCeb)
havalflying squirrel (PAN: *lawaR)
hikuback (PAN: *likud)
himafive (PAN: *lima)
hulucupper garment (PAN: *qules₁) *qules Takituduh
hulusclothes (all examples given refer to types of jackets) (PAN: *qules₁) *qules
hulusclothes (LOAN)
humhumtwilight (PAN: *lemlem)
hutuŋmonkey (PAN: *luCuŋ)
huuŋmushroom (generic) (PAN: *quSuŋ)
iaexclamation (PAN: *qia)
iðukorange (PAN: *iuk)
iðuk sulainpomelo (PAN: *iuk)
ikultail (of a mammal) (PAN: *ikuR)
imaʔfive (PAN: *lima) Isbukun
-in-past tense infix (PAN: *<in>) *-in-
is-prefix - instrumental (PAN: *Si-₁)
isahurine (Tsuchida 1976: 162) (PAN: *iSeq)
Bunun (80 / 301)

is-atađbe killed with something (Nihira 1983) (PAN: *aCay)
iskanfish (PAN: *Sikan) Takbanuad
is-kaʔunany instrument used for eating, as chopsticks (PAN: *Si-kaen) *kaen
isʔampukgathering; assembly (ROOT)
itawe (incl.) (PAN: *ita₁) Takituduh
itihere (PAN: *i-ti) *ti
itun1pl in accusative and absolute possessive pronoun (PAN: *iten)
kanominative case marker (no personal/common distinction) (PAN: *ka₃)
kaavforehead (PAN: *kalaw₂)
ka-hoðasto sing (Ferrell 1969) (PAN: *quyaS)
ka-kaihdigging stick (Tsuchida 1976) (PAN: *ka-kalih) *kalih Takituduh
ka-kalaŋmany crabs (PAN: *gaRaŋ)
kakatuspider (PAN: *kakaCu)
ka-kaʔun-anany place for eating, as a table (PAN: *ka-kaen-an) *kaen Takituduh
ka-kaʔun-unfood; anything that is eaten (PAN: *ka-kaen-en) *kaen Takituduh
kalaŋcrab (PAN: *gaRaŋ)
kalatto bite (as an animal biting a person) (PAN: *k<um>aRaC) *kaRaC
kamu2pl. nominative, you all (PAN: *k-amu) *amu
kaːnfish (PAN: *Sikan) Takituduh
kaskas-unto hoe, as in weeding (PAN: *kaSkaS)
Bunun (100 / 301)

ka-tavinlast year (PAN: *CawiN)
kaun-anpipe (for smoking) (PAN: *kaen-an) *kaen
kaun-ito eat (imper.) (PAN: *kaen-i) *kaen
kaun-uneaten; food (PAN: *-en)
kaun-uneaten; food (PAN: *kaen-en) *kaen
kaʔuneat (PAN: *kaen) Takituduh
kaʔun-unto be eaten by someone (PAN: *kaen-en) *kaen Takituduh
ki-remove (body hair), shave (PAN: *ki-) Isbukun
ki-kilimkeep looking for something (PAN: *kiRim)
kilimlook for, search for (PAN: *kiRim)
kilim-unsearch, look for (PAN: *kiRim-en) *kiRim
-ku1sg genitive (PAN: *-ku)
kuato matter, be of concern to someone (PAN: *kuja)
kuða-kuðawork (LOAN)
kudunclay cooking pot (PAN: *kuden)
ku-kulkulto keep shivering (PAN: *gerger₁) Takituduh
kulkulto shiver (PAN: *gerger₁) Takituduh
kuskusfingernail (PAN: *kuSkuS₁)
kutivulva, vagina (PAN: *kuti)
kutulouse (of head) (PAN: *kuCux)
Bunun (120 / 301)

kutuhead louse (PAN: *kuCux) Isbukun
kutuhhead louse (PAN: *kuCux) Takituduh
labi-annight (PAN: *Rabi-an) *Rabiqi
lalaycicada (PAN: *lalay) Northern
lamisroot (PAN: *RamiS)
lasuŋ-unambush (PAN: *RaSuŋ)
latukbow-like musical instrument (PAN: *la(n)tuk)
latukbow-like musical instrument (ROOT)
liahsword grass: Imperata cylindrica (PAN: *Riaq)
ɬinaspheasant (PAN: *RiNaS) Isbukun
lituloquat tree and fruit: Eriobotrya deflexa (PAN: *Ritu)
livhemp plant (PAN: *keRiw)
lulushin bone (PAN: *luluj)
lumaqfamily; house; home (PAN: *Rumaq)
ma-stative prefix (PAN: *ma-₁)
ma-bazuto pound (Motoyasu Nojima, p.c.) (PAN: *bayu)
ma-bulavyellow, ripe (as rice in the field) (PAN: *bulaw)
ma-danawsplash oneself with water (ROOT)
madastake along, take (PAN: *um-adaS) *adaS
ma-dumdumdark, overcast, gloomy (PAN: *ma-demdem) *demdem₂
Bunun (140 / 301)

ma-hciʔdam up a side stream to catch fish (Tsuchida 1976) (PAN: *ma-qaCi) *qaCi
ma-ima-unfifty (PAN: *ma-lima-N) *lima Isbukun
ma-kaihto dig (Tsuchida 1976) (PAN: *kalih) Takituduh
ma-kalavto scratch an itch (PAN: *kaRaw₁) Takituduh
ma-kalusto scratch hard (as a cat) (PAN: *kaRus)
ma-kaspalthick (PAN: *kaS(e)pal)
ma-labutpull up grass (PAN: *RabuC)
mal-ta-talahto wait (PAN: *taRah) Takituduh
ma-maʔunto keep on eating (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen Takituduh
ma-namtamed (PAN: *ma-najam) *najam
manaqshoot with bow and arrow (PAN: *p<um>anaq) *panaq
man-tiŋas nipusclean the teeth (PAN: *CiŋaS)
ma-paisbitter (PAN: *ma-paqiC) *paqiC Isbukun
ma-pusantwenty (PAN: *ma-puSaN) *puSaN
ma-qalivdry, as a riverbed or fish that have been dried for preservation (PAN: *qaRiw)
ma-qapito braid (of hair) (PAN: *qapid)
masand (Ferrell 1969) (PAN: *maS)
ma-sasakcook, boil; bear fruits, ripen; mature (of a woman) (PAN: *ma-Sasak) *Sasak
ma-satutake, carry (as a letter to someone) (PAN: *ma-SateD) *SateD
ma-sinavwash (spades, bowls) (PAN: *Siñaw)
Bunun (160 / 301)

ma-sipulto count; study, learn (PAN: *SipuR)
masi-tuhaselder sibling (PAN: *tuqaS) Isbukun
mataeye (PAN: *maCa)
mataeye (PAN: *maCa) Isbukun
m-atađdie; be killed (PAN: *ma-aCay) *aCay
m-atađ valieclipse of the sun (PAN: *ma-aCay) *aCay
ma-taqisembroider (PAN: *CaqiS)
ma-tudulbecome drowsy (PAN: *ma-tuduR) *tuduR
ma-tunuhto roast right on the fire (PAN: *CuNuh)
ma-tusulto string together, as flowers (PAN: *CuSuR)
maʔunto eat (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen Takituduh
mis-busukdrunk (PAN: *buSuk) Isbukun
mu-movement prefix; lumaq ‘house’, mu-lumaq ‘go home’ (PAN: *mu-)
mun daðago upward (PAN: *daya) Takituduh
mu-takito defecate (PAN: *Caki)
naðaʔa plant: Sambucus formosana (PAN: *Nayad) Takituduh
nanaqpus (Li 2004) (PAN: *naNaq)
nipuntooth (PAN: *nipen)
nipuntooth (PAN: *nipen) Isbukun
nuqusanimal oil (PAN: *NuqeS)
Bunun (180 / 301)

nusuŋmortar (PAN: *Nusuŋ)
ŋaanname (given name) (PAN: *ŋajan)
ŋicŋiclip (PMP: *ŋisŋis₁)
ŋisŋisbeard (PAN: *ŋiSŋiS)
paaðrice plant, rice in the field (PAN: *pajay)
paisenemy (PAN: *pajiS)
panaqshoot with a bow and arrow (PAN: *panaq) Takituduh
paniwing (PAN: *paNij) Takituduh
pa-paŋabifurcation; fork of a branch (PAN: *paŋa₁) Takituduh
paqavgall, gall bladder (PAN: *paqeju)
patfour (PAN: *Sepat)
pataswrite (PAN: *pataS)
patas-anwhat is written down: words (PAN: *pataS-an) *pataS
patazkill (PAN: *pa-aCay) *aCay Takituduh
piahow much/how many? (PAN: *pijax) Isbukun
piahhow much/how many? (PAN: *pijax) Takituduh
pituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
puaqflower (NOISE)
punuqbrain (PAN: *punuq₁) *punuq
qabuash (Li 1988) (PAN: *qabu) Takituduh
Bunun (200 / 301)

qađambird (PAN: *qayam₁)
qalidaŋpigeon peas (PAN: *qaRidaŋ)
qalumpangolin, anteater (PAN: *qaRem)
qamis-anage (PAN: *qamiS-an) *qamiS
qaniŋupicture; shadow (PAN: *qaNiŋu)
qanitughost (PAN: *qaNiCu)
qanivalvalrainbow (PAN: *qaNi-)
qani-valvalrainbow (PAN: *-waRwaR)
qanube carried away by water, drift away (PAN: *qañud) Takituduh
qanup-anhunting ground (PAN: *qaNup-an) *qaNup
qanusa plant: Begonia aptera (PAN: *qanus₁) Takituduh
qanváŋdeer (PAN: *qaNuaŋ) Takituduh
qanvaŋcow; deer (PAN: *qaNuaŋ)
qanváŋ bonólbuffalo (PAN: *qaNuaŋ) Takituduh
qasbiŋsneeze (NOISE)
qasilasalt (PAN: *qasiRa)
qatađliver (PAN: *qaCay)
qatađ babupork liver (PAN: *qaCay)
qatip-anpart of the loom (PAN: *qatip-an) *qatip₁
qaultype of bamboo (PAN: *qauR) Takituduh
Bunun (220 / 301)

q-in-apibraided (of hair) (PAN: *qapid)
qisqisto rub, wipe (PAN: *qiSqiS) Takituduh
quađrattan (PAN: *quay)
qudanrain (PAN: *quzaN)
qudasgrandparent (PAN: *qudaS)
qulu-qulutadpole, polywog (PAN: *qulu-qulu) Takituduh
qumafarm (PAN: *qumah)
qunul-ananimal haunt (PAN: *qenuR-an₁) *qeNuR
saaŋpine tree; torch (PAN: *saleŋ)
sakutmuntjac, barking deer (PAN: *sakeC)
sakutbarking deer (PAN: *sakeC) Isbukun
samaqa plant, Lactuca indica (PAN: *Samaq) Takituduh
sapuđfire (PAN: *Sapuy)
sasakcooking, boiling (PAN: *Sasak)
sasaqwhet; rub; grind; sharpen (PAN: *Sasaq)
sasaq-angrindstone (PAN: *Sasaq-an) *Sasaq
satosend; see off; take along; lead; bring (Nihira) (NOISE)
savikiareca palm and nut; betel nut (PAN: *Sawiki)
sayathat (NOISE) Isbukun
siathe, those; he, it (PAN: *si ia₁) *ia₁
Bunun (240 / 301)

siathe, those (PAN: *si ia₂) *ia₂
sidigoat (PAN: *Sidi)
s-imawho? (PAN: *si-ima) *ima
simawho? (PAN: *si-ima) *ima Isbukun
simal(animal) oil (PAN: *SimaR)
sin-gerund prefix (like "-ing" in English) (PAN: *Sin-)
sipalopposite (in spatial location) (PAN: *SipaR)
sivanine (PAN: *Siwa)
sivaʔnine (PAN: *Siwa) Isbukun
suiqkind of bird (PAN: *suiq)
supsupto suck (PAN: *sepsep) Isbukun
susubreast (PAN: *susu₁)
susuʔfemale breast (PAN: *susu₁) Isbukun
suuyou (PAN: *Suʔu)
taitaro (PAN: *Cali)
taiŋaear (PAN: *Caliŋa)
takifeces (PAN: *Caki)
takuladle, scoop, spoon (PAN: *taku₂)
taluluŋconical field hat (ROOT)
taluqanhunter’s hut; a hut or place in which to dream an omen about wars or hunting (PAN: *taRuqan)
Bunun (260 / 301)

tamafather (PAN: *ta-amax) *amax
t-amahfather (PAN: *ta-amax) *amax Takituduh
tamaluŋcock, rooster; chicken (LOAN)
tamuhuŋa hat (PAN: *tamuhuŋ)
tanamto try, taste (PAN: *tañam)
taŋiaear (PAN: *Caŋila)
taŋiaʔear (PAN: *Caŋila) Isbukun
taŋisto cry (PAN: *Caŋis)
tapisbreach-clout (PAN: *tapis₁)
taqissew and mend (PAN: *CaqiS)
tauthree (PAN: *telu)
tianstomach (PAN: *tiaN)
tikulaspartridge (PAN: *tikuRas)
timpuslaʔsplit (ROOT)
tinaM (PAN: *ta-ina) *ina
t-in-aqispiece of embroidery (PAN: *C<in>aqiS) *CaqiS
tiŋas-an nipunirritated by food fibers (of the teeth) (PAN: *CiŋaS)
tuduqleak, drip; drop (of water) (PAN: *tuduq)
tuduq-anto leak, said of a roof (PAN: *tuduq-an) *tuduq
tuktuktree-cutter, wood-cutter (person) (PAN: *tektek₁)
Bunun (280 / 301)

tulbusa tree: Zelkova Formosana (PAN: *teRebeS)
tulukukrooster (PAN: *tuRukuk)
tumazthe Formosan black bear (PAN: *Cumay)
tusul-unto string (PAN: *CuSuR-en) *CuSuR
ukadon’t have, without (PAN: *uka₁) *uka₂
-ungoal focus (PAN: *-en)
utantaro (PAN: *utan)
valisun (PAN: *waRi₁)
vaɬisun (PAN: *waRi₁) Isbukun
vaniswild boar (PAN: *waNiS)
vanuhoneybee (PAN: *waNu)
vaueight (PAN: *walu)
vauʔeight (PAN: *walu) Isbukun
vilileft (side) (PAN: *wiRi)
Xaabknee (PAN: *qaleb) Isbukun
Xabuashes (PAN: *qabu) Isbukun
Xanituʔghost (PAN: *qaNiCu) Isbukun
Xasiɬasalt (PAN: *qasiRa) Isbukun
xatabaŋcockroach (LOAN) Isbukun
Xatubtrap (PAN: *qaCeb) Isbukun
Bunun (300 / 301)

ʔarəməpangolin, anteater (PAN: *qaRem)
Bunun (Isbukun) (34) Form.
basaða hairy vine: Pueraria hirsuta (PAN: *baSay) Isbukun
batuʔstone (PAN: *batux) Isbukun
biXigoiter (PAN: *biqel) Isbukun
ciŋasfood particles caught between the teeth (PAN: *CiŋaS) Isbukun
daanroad (PAN: *zalan) Isbukun
daXisface (PAN: *daqiS) Isbukun
dinaŋrust (Shigeru Tsuchida, p.c., 2/29/12) (PAN: *diNaŋ) Isbukun
duɬiʔthorn (PAN: *duRi) Isbukun
imaʔfive (PAN: *lima) Isbukun
ki-remove (body hair), shave (PAN: *ki-) Isbukun
kutuhead louse (PAN: *kuCux) Isbukun
ɬinaspheasant (PAN: *RiNaS) Isbukun
ma-ima-unfifty (PAN: *ma-lima-N) *lima Isbukun
ma-paisbitter (PAN: *ma-paqiC) *paqiC Isbukun
masi-tuhaselder sibling (PAN: *tuqaS) Isbukun
mataeye (PAN: *maCa) Isbukun
mis-busukdrunk (PAN: *buSuk) Isbukun
nipuntooth (PAN: *nipen) Isbukun
piahow much/how many? (PAN: *pijax) Isbukun
sakutbarking deer (PAN: *sakeC) Isbukun
Bunun (Isbukun) (20 / 34)

sayathat (NOISE) Isbukun
simawho? (PAN: *si-ima) *ima Isbukun
sivaʔnine (PAN: *Siwa) Isbukun
supsupto suck (PAN: *sepsep) Isbukun
susuʔfemale breast (PAN: *susu₁) Isbukun
taŋiaʔear (PAN: *Caŋila) Isbukun
vaɬisun (PAN: *waRi₁) Isbukun
vauʔeight (PAN: *walu) Isbukun
Xaabknee (PAN: *qaleb) Isbukun
Xabuashes (PAN: *qabu) Isbukun
Xanituʔghost (PAN: *qaNiCu) Isbukun
Xasiɬasalt (PAN: *qasiRa) Isbukun
xatabaŋcockroach (LOAN) Isbukun
Xatubtrap (PAN: *qaCeb) Isbukun

Bunun (Northern) (1) Form.
lalaycicada (PAN: *lalay) Northern

Bunun (Takbanuad) (2) Form.
batustone (PAN: *batux) Takbanuad
iskanfish (PAN: *Sikan) Takbanuad

Bunun (Takituduh) (39) Form.
a-asikbroom (PAN: *aSik) Takituduh
asikto sweep (PAN: *aSik) Takituduh
batuhstone (Tsuchida 1976:134) (PAN: *batux) Takituduh
batuhstone (PAN: *batux) Takituduh
daðaabove (PAN: *daya) Takituduh
dakuscamphor laurel: Cinnamomum camphora (PAN: *dakeS) Takituduh
hulucupper garment (PAN: *qules₁) *qules Takituduh
itawe (incl.) (PAN: *ita₁) Takituduh
ka-kaihdigging stick (Tsuchida 1976) (PAN: *ka-kalih) *kalih Takituduh
ka-kaʔun-anany place for eating, as a table (PAN: *ka-kaen-an) *kaen Takituduh
ka-kaʔun-unfood; anything that is eaten (PAN: *ka-kaen-en) *kaen Takituduh
kaːnfish (PAN: *Sikan) Takituduh
kaʔuneat (PAN: *kaen) Takituduh
kaʔun-unto be eaten by someone (PAN: *kaen-en) *kaen Takituduh
ku-kulkulto keep shivering (PAN: *gerger₁) Takituduh
kulkulto shiver (PAN: *gerger₁) Takituduh
kutuhhead louse (PAN: *kuCux) Takituduh
ma-kaihto dig (Tsuchida 1976) (PAN: *kalih) Takituduh
ma-kalavto scratch an itch (PAN: *kaRaw₁) Takituduh
mal-ta-talahto wait (PAN: *taRah) Takituduh
Bunun (Takituduh) (20 / 39)

ma-maʔunto keep on eating (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen Takituduh
maʔunto eat (PAN: *k<um>aen) *kaen Takituduh
mun daðago upward (PAN: *daya) Takituduh
naðaʔa plant: Sambucus formosana (PAN: *Nayad) Takituduh
panaqshoot with a bow and arrow (PAN: *panaq) Takituduh
paniwing (PAN: *paNij) Takituduh
pa-paŋabifurcation; fork of a branch (PAN: *paŋa₁) Takituduh
patazkill (PAN: *pa-aCay) *aCay Takituduh
piahhow much/how many? (PAN: *pijax) Takituduh
qabuash (Li 1988) (PAN: *qabu) Takituduh
qanube carried away by water, drift away (PAN: *qañud) Takituduh
qanusa plant: Begonia aptera (PAN: *qanus₁) Takituduh
qanváŋdeer (PAN: *qaNuaŋ) Takituduh
qanváŋ bonólbuffalo (PAN: *qaNuaŋ) Takituduh
qaultype of bamboo (PAN: *qauR) Takituduh
qisqisto rub, wipe (PAN: *qiSqiS) Takituduh
qulu-qulutadpole, polywog (PAN: *qulu-qulu) Takituduh
samaqa plant, Lactuca indica (PAN: *Samaq) Takituduh
t-amahfather (PAN: *ta-amax) *amax Takituduh

116. Buol (14) WMP
aku1sg., I (PAN: *aku)
alechin (PMP: *qazay)
buŋoldeaf (PMP: *beŋel)
dilatongue (PMP: *dilaq₁)
inamother (PMP: *ina)
limofive (PAN: *lima)
manukchicken (PMP: *manuk)
manu-manukbird (PMP: *manu(k)-manuk) *manuk
mo-butogfull, satisfied (PAN: *ma-besuR) *besuR
mo-naupto winnow (PMP: *tahep) *tapeS
nagenitive case marker for common nouns (PAN: *na₃)
opatfour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
taiwho? (PMP: *sai)
to-taup-anwinnow (PMP: *tahep) *tapeS
117. Burmbar (2) OC
ma-vukmorning (POC: *puko)
metua-mother’s brother (POC: *matuqa) *tuqaS
Buru (431) CMP. see: Buruese
118. Buruese (431) CMP (Devin 1989) [aka: Buru]
abatwound (PCEMP: *abat₃)
agamareligion (LOAN)
aha-ta tree (PMP: *qaRa₁)
akalscheme, trick, ruse, stratagem (LOAN)
ala-hpluck, as grain from the stem (PAN: *alaq₁)
ala-kbring (PAN: *alaq₁)
ale-hto beckon (PAN: *qalep)
alupestle (PMP: *qahelu) *qaSelu
amafather; ancestor; son. Used as 'son' in address only (PAN: *amax)
amalincantation to render someone receptive to amorous advances (LOAN)
anachild (PMP: *anak) *aNak
anatermite (PAN: *aNay)
ana-nchild; small, baby (PMP: *anak) *aNak
aŋinwind (PMP: *haŋin)
aohowl (PAN: *qauŋ)
apa-nempty (grain) hull (PMP: *ampaw)
apa-nempty (grain) hull (PMP: *qapah)
api-hpinch, squeeze; pick up or hold with tongs (PMP: *hapit) *Sapit
apulime (PAN: *qapuR)
asa-ksharpen, as a knife (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq
Buruese (20 / 431)

asa-ngills (PMP: *hasaŋ)
asa-ncutting edge, as of a knife (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq
asudog (PAN: *asu₁)
asu-kto draw (as water), dip (PMP: *asu₂)
asu-kto draw (as water), dip (PMP: *qasu₁)
ataservant, slave; adopted son; a male or female servant; a male slave purchased from another clan, often given a wife by purchasing clan (PMP: *qaRta)
atekcover, as with a blanket (PCMP: *atek)
ate-tsago thatch (refers to sago leaves, but only those that have been sewn into sheets of thatch) (PMP: *qatep)
ati-hsqueeze with tongs or pincers (PMP: *atip)
ati-hsqueeze with tongs or pincers (PMP: *qatip₂)
ati-ttongs, pincers (PMP: *atip)
ati-ttongs, pincers (PMP: *qatip₂)
atu-ksend (NOISE)
awa-nwaist (anatomical) (PMP: *hawak) *Sawak
baonly, just (PCEMP: *ba₁)
babahold or carry in the arms (NOISE)
bahispoiled, tainted (PCEMP: *baRi) *baRiw
balichange, form, become; be transformed, as by magic (PMP: *baliw₂)
balu-nto bandage, cover (PCEMP: *balun₃) *baluN
banafire (PMP: *banaqaR)
Buruese (40 / 431)

bana sina-nspark (PAN: *siNaR)
baŋi-hheat over a fire (PMP: *baŋi₂)
baru-ta fibre that grows on the trunk of the tuat tree, used for kindling and caulking (PMP: *baruk)
beatax (LOAN)
bebe, bebetduck (LOAN)
behaheavy (PMP: *beReqat)
beha-nweight, the amount something weighs (PMP: *beReqat)
behatheavy (PMP: *beReqat)
beŋa-kopen a crack (PMP: *beŋa₁)
biasausually, ordinarily (LOAN)
bibi, pipigoat (LOAN)
bida-hcracked, sprouted; cracked open, as a newly sprouted seed (NOISE)
bisapotent (as magic, a weapon); can, may (LOAN)
bisa-npotency, strength (of a potient) (LOAN)
bitispring away, dart away (of a person) (PMP: *bitik₁)
botiwhite (PMP: *ma-putiq) *putiq
bualisland (NOISE)
bubufish trap (woven of splints, and set in a stream) (PAN: *bubu₂)
buehang, swing (as from a branch) (PMP: *buqay)
bue-na legume (PMP: *buay₁)
Buruese (60 / 431)

bue-tswing or perch, place where something hangs (PMP: *buqay)
buijail (LOAN)
bukubend downward (PMP: *buŋkuk)
bukubend downward (PMP: *bu(ŋ)kuq)
buŋaflower (PMP: *buŋa)
buŋa-hadorn, decorate with flowers (PMP: *buŋa)
busa, busa-nfoam, suds, scum; fluff (PMP: *busa₁)
butu-ngroup (as of children) (PCEMP: *butu₂) *butu
dada-kto drag (PCMP: *dada₁)
dawaday, the part of the day that is light (PMP: *zawa₁)
dekukbent over (PMP: *dekuk)
dike-kglue, stick (PMP: *diket) *dikeC
dodo-hto stab at (PCMP: *dodok)
eda-heat raw (as bananas) (PCEMP: *qentaq) *qetaq
ef-lafaflap (wings) (PMP: *la(m)bak)
eflawangold (PAN: *bulaw-an) *bulaw
ef-telothick (PCEMP: *təlu)
eg-lina-nclear, unclouded (PMP: *linaŋ)
ekhitaoctopus (PMP: *kuRita) *guRiCa
em-polotsticky; faithfulness (PMP: *pulut)
Buruese (80 / 431)

em-rapa-tflat (PMP: *da(m)paD)
em-serohiccupy (PAN: *sedu)
enasand (PAN: *qenay)
ena-hto scale a fish (PMP: *enap)
ep-teluhlay an egg (PMP: *qateluR)
er-mukendove (PMP: *muken) *muken (X + muken)
fago (PCEMP: *ba₆)
fafa-n(something's) top part (PAN: *babaw₃)
fafupig (PAN: *babuy₃)
fahahand, arm (PMP: *baRa₁)
fahatwest monsoon (PMP: *habaRat) *SabaRat
fahua tree: Hibiscus tiliaceus (PMP: *baRu)
fali-kfabricate or make up (a story) (PMP: *bali₄)
faluwidow (PMP: *balu₄)
faŋuarise, wake up (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN
faŋu-herect, raise; awaken (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN
fatanbody, as of an animal; trunk, as of a tree; numeral coefficient for counting cuscus possums (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁
fati-tgrasshopper, cricket, locust (PMP: *batik₂)
faturock, stone; whetstone (PMP: *batu) *batux
fatu-hto extract, as in pulling a person or bamboo staves out of the ground (PMP: *bantun)
Buruese (100 / 431)

fatu-nnumerical coefficient for betel nuts, fish, midun grubs, etc. (PMP: *batu) *batux
fehu-tnew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh
fekapop, burst, spurt (PMP: *bekaq)
fekusnail (PMP: *bekul₂)
feŋafly (insect) (PAN: *beRŋaw)
feŋa-htear apart, split apart (PMP: *beŋaq)
feŋ-mualarge black fly (PAN: *beRŋaw)
fetasister (man speaking) (PMP: *betaw)
fetenfoxtail millet: Panicum italicum (PMP: *beteŋ₁) *beCeŋ
fida-hbreak open (NOISE)
fifi-nlips, mouth (PMP: *bibiR) *biRbiR
fihawild taro (PMP: *biRaq₁)
fiholaviolin (LOAN)
fika-hspring loose (as a possum trap) (PMP: *biŋkas)
fiku-helbow; hide in the crook of the arm (PMP: *bikuq)
fiku-helbow; hide in the crook of the arm (PMP: *biŋku)
fiku-helbow; hide in the crook of the arm (ROOT)
filakflash, as lightning (PMP: *bilak₁)
fila-nlight-ray, flash (PMP: *bilak₁)
fila-tlightning (PMP: *bilak₁)
Buruese (120 / 431)

fili-hsell (PMP: *bili)
fili-nprice, payment (PMP: *bili)
fisarato speak (LOAN)
fisara-tspeech, words (LOAN)
fitiflick with the finger; fish with a pole, jerk up a fishing pole (PMP: *bitik₁)
fiti-hto pinch (PCMP: *bitil₂)
fiti-nshin (PMP: *bities)
fuabetel nut; element in names of various bananas (PMP: *buaq)
fua-nfruit; spleen; person; numeral coefficient for fruit; egg (PMP: *buaq)
fufu-hto pour (PMP: *buqbuq)
fufukdecompose, disintegrate (as wood into particles) (PMP: *bukbuk₃)
fuka-hto open (a meeting, etc.) (PMP: *buka)
fulanmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN
fulan-fulanfor months (PMP: *bulan-bulan₂) *bulaN
fulia tree, the 'pule' of Ambon (NOISE)
fulu-nhair, feather, whisker (PMP: *bulu-n) *bulu₁
gae-gaegaff hook (PCMP: *gae)
gae-hto hook (PCMP: *gae)
galipregnant (LOAN)
gegetremble (PAN: *gerger₁)
Buruese (140 / 431)

geka-hto split, as by heat (ROOT)
gela-hcracked (ROOT)
gilakshine, shine lustrously (PMP: *gilak)
guntiŋscissors; to cut with scissors (LOAN)
haabig (PAN: *Raya)
h-adithat (PMP: *a-di) *-di
hafa-hundo, take off (ROOT)
hafu-hto pluck, pull out (PMP: *Rabut) *RabuC
hame-hpress dry, squeeze all the moisture from, leaving a pulp (PAN: *Rames)
hapu-hto tie, bind (as a person) (PMP: *Rapus)
hau-hgather (PMP: *Raqup)
hemamarine eel (PMP: *haRemaŋ)
henekcram, compress (the contents of a container) to make room for more (PMP: *Reneg)
hufa-hundo, untie, take off (ROOT)
hufa-htake off, remove, untie, release (ROOT)
humahouse (PAN: *Rumaq)
huma-xnatimarried (PAN: *Rumaq)
idakto blaze, as a trail (PMP: *inzak)
i-iiwhimpering (PMP: *iqi)
ikanfish (PMP: *hikan) *Sikan
Buruese (160 / 431)

iku-htake, as a path, etc. (PMP: *ikut₁)
iku-kfollow, take (PMP: *ikut₁)
iku-ntail (PAN: *ikuR)
inaM (PCEMP: *ina)
inelie down, sleep (PAN: *qinep)
inu, inu-hto drink (PMP: *inum)
iŋa-nvoice; words (PCEMP: *iŋaR)
ipi-hpress, clamp, pinch (PMP: *qipit)
isa-hwipe (NOISE)
isi-nmeat, flesh; contents, usable part (PAN: *isi₅)
kathou (PMP: *ka₄)
kakasister-in-law (brother’s wife or husband’s sister) (PMP: *kaka₂)
kaka-hundo, open (PMP: *kaskas₁)
kali-kto dig, as a trench (PMP: *kali₂) *kalih
kam1pl. subject, we (PAN: *k-ami) *ami
kami1pl. object, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami
kanastrong, plenty (PMP: *ganas)
kanaŋaa tree having fragrant flowers, the “kumbang of Ambon”: Cananga odorata (PMP: *kanaŋa)
kapi-hpinch, squeeze, clamp; bind in a clamping manner (as thatch) (PMP: *kapit)
k-asi-anpoor (PMP: *ka-qasiq-an) *qasiq
Buruese (180 / 431)

ka-telo-ra constellation of three stars (PAN: *telu)
katimuna tree (PMP: *katimun)
kauwood (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw
kau lahintree (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw
kawaana bamboo, the suaŋgi (PAN: *kawayan)
kawi-kto hook (as a cat hooking its claws into something) (PAN: *kawit)
kawilfishhook (PAN: *kawil₁)
kelenthigh (PCMP: *kelen)
keme-hpinch (PMP: *kemel)
kiki-hwhet, scrape (PAN: *gisgis₁)
kímamollusk (PMP: *kima)
kisi-hremove (as eye-matter with the finger), poke out, pry out, de-bone (PCMP: *kisi)
kita1st pers. plural incl. object; us (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁
kita-hto see (PAN: *kita₂) *kita
kita-kbe convinced (PAN: *kita₂) *kita
kit-kita-hseeing (PAN: *kita₂) *kita
kurenlarge earthenware jar with small mouth and round bottom (PAN: *kuden)
kurinvase (PMP: *kudin)
kuse-khammer or ram (a piling or pole into the earth); plant (a post) by digging a hole for it (ROOT)
kutu-hbreak off, sever (as a vine) (PMP: *ku(n)tus)
Buruese (200 / 431)

laa(-n)sail (PAN: *layaR)
lafa-hremove (a covering), open (a book) (ROOT)
lafuashes (PMP: *labu₂)
lanamelt; flow (ROOT)
laŋitsky (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC
launcry out (PMP: *lauŋ)
lawitsingle-barbed harpoon; barbed spear (PMP: *lawit₁)
leba-hto carry on a carrying pole (PCMP: *lemba)
leke-to coil (PMP: *leken)
leke-hcoil up (PAN: *reken)
leke-na coil (PMP: *leken)
leke-na coil (PAN: *reken)
lesiexcessively (PCMP: *lesi)
lesi-hto exceed (PCMP: *lesi)
lesi-nexcessively (PCMP: *lesi)
lia-ncave, cavern (PMP: *liaŋ)
lia-tcave, cage, coup, pen (PMP: *liaŋ)
libo(of water) murky, clouded (PMP: *libuR)
liewords (PCEMP: *liqə)
lie-nvoice, words; hum (PCEMP: *liqə)
Buruese (220 / 431)

lie-tword, words, voice (PCEMP: *liqə)
likubend (PMP: *likuq)
liku-npool; deep (PMP: *liku₁)
limafive (PAN: *lima)
limuspeak with a hidden meaning (PMP: *limun)
limu-kto say in a manner that is not to readily understood (PMP: *limun)
limu-tsomething that has been said with a hidden meaning (PMP: *limun)
linacalm (of water) (PMP: *linaŋ)
lipa-flawasmall millipede which gives off a luminous glow when crushed (PCEMP: *qalipan) *qalu-Sipan
lipanmillipede (PCEMP: *qalipan) *qalu-Sipan
lona-hto flood (ROOT)
luahigh, full; high, of the tide (PMP: *luab)
luato vomit, regurgitate (PMP: *luaq)
lua-kto vomit (something), regurgitate, spit out (PMP: *luaq)
lubu-heap; in heaps or piles (ROOT)
lufa-htake off, slip off (clothing); loosen; release (ROOT)
luluto roll off (PMP: *lulun) *luluN
lulu-kto furl, to roll (PMP: *lulun) *luluN
lumutmoss (PMP: *lumut)
lupu-kmeet, come together (ROOT)
Buruese (240 / 431)

lupu-kassemble (ROOT)
lusu-hcause to enter; insert (ROOT)
maa-ntongue (PMP: *hema) *Sema
maa-ntongue (PCEMP: *maya)
mahito come (PAN: *um-aRi) *aRi
malismile, laugh (PCEMP: *malip)
mali-h, mali-ksmile at, laugh at (PCEMP: *malip)
mama-hto chew (trans.) (PMP: *mamaq)
mama-kto chew (intr.); hold with the teeth (PMP: *mamaq)
manodrift, flow, move downstream (PMP: *ma-qañud) *qañud
mano-kmanu-kgo downstream (PMP: *ma-qañud) *qañud
mano-nfloating, drifting (PMP: *ma-qañud) *qañud
masisea, brine; soup, sauce; marine, salty (PCEMP: *maqasin) *qasiN
masi-nsea (PCEMP: *maqasin) *qasiN
matadie, faint, pass out; stop blowing (wind); by any means, in any way (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay
mata-kfulfilled, established, ready, finished; die of (as cold); ascertain; definitely; completely; to death (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay
mata matadeadly (PMP: *m-atay m-atay) *aCay
mata-nmoney (PCEMP: *matay₂) *matay
mata-tdead (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay
ma-wayawn (PCEMP: *mawab) *Suab
Buruese (260 / 431)

m-eda-hraw (PCEMP: *ma-qetaq) *qetaq
mihared (PCEMP: *meRaq) *ma-iRaq
miha-nruddy, blood-red (PCEMP: *meRaq) *ma-iRaq
miha-tred (PCEMP: *meRaq) *ma-iRaq
m-ite-nstorm cloud; black, deep blue (PCEMP: *ma-qitem, ma-qetem) *qitem
m-ite-tblack (PCEMP: *ma-qitem, ma-qetem) *qitem
mutaregurgitate, vomit (PCEMP: *mutaq) *utaq
m-uta-nhis/her debt (PMP: *ma-qutaŋ) *qutaŋ
-nahis, her, its; an ending for anatomical nouns (PAN: *ni-a) *-a₂
naha-tbrother (woman speaking) (PMP: *ñaRa)
namalevel stretch in a stream's course; cove, bay, harbor (PMP: *namaw)
naŋamouth of a river (PCEMP: *naŋa₃) *binaŋa
naŋa-n(esp. a river's) mouth (PMP: *naŋa₁)
naŋoto swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy
na-tlight; bright, shining (ROOT)
nilaa tree, the "marong" or Ambon (PMP: *qanilaw)
ninocast a shadow; look down (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
nino-hovershadow; gaze into (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
ninu-nshadow; reflection (PMP: *qaninu) *qaNiŋu
nitudeceased, corpse; ghost (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu
Buruese (280 / 431)

niwecoconut (PMP: *niuR)
ŋara-nroof of the mouth; throat, larynx; the inside of the mouth and throat (PMP: *ŋadas)
ŋuŋu-nbuzz, hum (PCEMP: *ŋuŋuŋ) *ŋu(ŋ)ŋuŋ
oho-kto massage (PMP: *quRut)
olireturn (intr.) (PCEMP: *oliq, uliq) *uliq₁
olohead; leader, chief (PCEMP: *qulu) *quluh
olo-n, ulu-nhead (PCEMP: *qulu) *quluh
osigreat grandfather (FFF) (PCMP: *usi)
oso-kenter; put into (PMP: *usuk)
oti-npenis (PMP: *qutin) *qutiN
pafour (PMP: *epat) *Sepat
paa-nstem, base of trunk; stem, especially of a taro plant (PMP: *paqa₂)
pagerfence (PMP: *pager)
pahabamboo rack (PAN: *paRa₁)
palarice (in general) (PAN: *pajay)
pani-nwing (PAN: *paNij)
papa-ncheek (PCEMP: *papaR)
papanboard (PMP: *papan)
pariu-tcooking pot (PAN: *pariuk)
peka-hthrow out, do away with (PMP: *peka)
Buruese (300 / 431)

peq-rua-hcut in two, dissect (PMP: *duha) *duSa
piganplatter (LOAN)
pike-bow, bend (PMP: *pikel)
pike-hbow, bend (PMP: *pi(ŋ)keR)
pilahow many? how much? (PAN: *pijax)
pi-oli-kreturn (trans.) (PCEMP: *oliq, uliq) *uliq₁
pitikto parry, ward off (PMP: *pitik₁) *pitik
pituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu
piugreat-great grandfather (FFFF) (PMP: *piut)
polotpitch, gum, resin (PMP: *pulut)
poson fua-nheart (may be either emotional or physical) (PMP: *pusuŋ₂)
potiwhite (PMP: *putiq)
purelease flatus (PMP: *pus)
pukivulva (PAN: *puki)
puŋuncluster (PMP: *puŋun) *puŋuN
raha-nblood; bloody (PAN: *daRaq)
raheground (PAN: *daReq)
rah(e) isinsoil (PAN: *daReq)
rah-rahabloody (PMP: *daRa-daRaq) *daRaq
raka-hgrope for, feel for (ROOT)
Buruese (320 / 431)

raŋi-nnear (PCEMP: *daŋi)
rapa-hslap, clap (NOISE)
rapa-tflat (PMP: *da(m)paD)
rataplain (PAN: *dataR)
repafathom (PAN: *depah)
repu-hcollect, gather (PMP: *rempun)
rike-nfast, speedy, swift (PMP: *rikas)
ruatwo (PMP: *duha) *duSa
safu-kto disseminate, sow (PMP: *saq(e)buR)
safu-kto disseminate, sow (as millet) (PMP: *sabuR)
safu-tsown (PMP: *saq(e)buR)
safu-tsown (PMP: *sabuR)
sakaupper; on, upon, at (POC: *sake) *sakay₄
saka-hascend to (PAN: *sakat)
saka-hascend to (POC: *sake) *sakay₄
saka-kup (POC: *sake) *sakay₄
saka-sakaup high (POC: *sake) *sakay₄
saka-tup (PAN: *sakat)
salawrong; guilty (PMP: *salaq₁)
sapato hang (PMP: *sampay₁) *sapay
Buruese (340 / 431)

sapa-nwhat? (PMP: *sapa)
sefu-hto temper (something) (PMP: *sebuh) *sebuS
seke-kbend to form an angle or elbow (PAN: *sekel)
seku-kbend into an angle (arm or knee) (ROOT)
selesubmerge (PCEMP: *seleb) *celeb
sele-hdive for (PCEMP: *seleb) *celeb
sele-kcram, insert, wedge, tuck (PMP: *selet)
selua marine fish, a swordfish, the “saku” of Ambon (PMP: *selu)
semanoutrigger (PMP: *saRman)
sepakstomp (PCEMP: *sepak₂) *cep(e)qak
sepufinished, completed, done, exhausted (ROOT)
sese-hto cram, tamp (PAN: *seksek₁)
siharust (PMP: *siRa₂)
sikuyard, half-fathom (PAN: *sikux)
siku-hto bend something (PAN: *sikux)
sila-hsplit (firewood, etc.), split open or apart (PAN: *silaq)
silu-hto raise, lift (PCMP: *silu₁)
sina-nray, as of light, beam; spark (PMP: *sinaR) *siNaR
sinda-hshine; illuminate, as by torch light (PMP: *sindar)
sirathey, them (PMP: *si ida) *ida
Buruese (360 / 431)

sisi-hto skin, strip off, as in stripping the outer bark from a sago trunk (PCEMP: *sisi₃)
sisi-kto strip away (as the sides of bamboo cylinder containing food) (PCEMP: *sisi₃)
sula-nhorn, antler (PCMP: *sula)
sulanhorn, antler (PCMP: *sulan)
sura(n)sharpened bamboo stave driven into the ground for the purpose of impaling unsuspecting humans or animals (PMP: *suja)
taha-hto fell, cut down (PAN: *taRaq₁)
tahu-hto place or set (PMP: *taRuq)
taifeces, excrement, dung (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi
tami-nshield (PMP: *tamiŋ)
tanaland (PMP: *taneq)
tana Buruthe land of Buru (PMP: *taneq)
tane-hto plant (object is either thing or area planted) (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
tane-kto implant (object is thing planted) (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem
tapi-hto winnow (PMP: *tahep-i₁) *tahep-i
tapi-hto winnow (PMP: *tapi)
tarupasandal (LOAN)
tefe-tap; mallet for hammering bark into cloth (PMP: *te(m)bek)
tefusugarcane, Saccharum officinarum (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS
teha-tironwood tree: Intsia bijuga (PMP: *teRas)
teku-kcause to lean or bow; cut (a banana stalk, etc.) part way through in order to bend it down (PMP: *tekuq)
Buruese (380 / 431)

tekukto bend (PMP: *tekuk₁)
telato part; gap; in a parting manner; sit between (PMP: *telaq₁) *Celaq
telothree (PAN: *telu)
telu-negg (PMP: *qateluR)
telu-negg (PMP: *qiteluR) *qiCeluR
tepeto taste (PMP: *tepeŋ₁)
teta-h(of a line) snapped (PMP: *tetas)
tetea chisel (PAN: *tektek₁)
tete-hto cut, as rattan; to chop off, as a finger; to butcher, as a pig (PAN: *tektek₁)
tetunpromontory (PCMP: *tetun)
tiagoatfish (PMP: *tiqaw₁) *tiqaw
tifubay, lake, swamp (PCMP: *tibu₁) *tibu
timuthe southeast monsoon (PMP: *timuR)
timuncucumber: Cucumis sativus L. (PMP: *qatimun)
tinafemale, of animals (PMP: *tina) *taina
tinantrunk, torso; numeral coefficient for large stones (PCEMP: *tinana)
tiŋsound of a plate being tapped with a spoon (PMP: *tiŋ)
titi-kto drop, trickle, like medicine from a dropper, etc. (PMP: *titis)
titi-na drop (PMP: *titis)
tue-nstump (PAN: *tuqed)
Buruese (400 / 431)

tufafish poison; to poison fish using tufa poison (intr.); to poison with such a vine (PAN: *tubah)
tufa-hto poison fish using tufa poison (tr.) (PAN: *tubah)
tuia tree: Dolichandrone spathacea (PMP: *tui₁)
tunu-hheat the midsection of (cylinder, rod, or tube) in a flame (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh
tutu-hto cover, shut, close (PMP: *tutup₁)
tutukto bow (PMP: *tutuk₁) *tutuk
tutukto bow (ROOT)
uarattan (PAN: *quay)
uaaunt (PMP: *uaʔ)
uaaunt (PMP: *ua₂)
ua-fatunwhip, lash; whip made of rattan rod (PAN: *quay)
ubaupper part (PMP: *umbaw)
ubi-twild yam (PMP: *qubi)
uhatsinew; blood vessel (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC
ukurmeasure (LOAN)
uleworm (PMP: *qulej)
uli-hpry, prise up, roll (PCMP: *uli)
umana hermit crab, possibly Pagurus pollicarus (PAN: *qumaŋ)
umu-kstuff the mouth (as with food) (PAN: *qumuR)
umu-kstuff the mouth (as with food) (PAN: *umuR)
Buruese (420 / 431)

une-npith; middle (PMP: *qunej)
upi-hto blow (PCEMP: *upi)
upugrandparent/grandchild; ancestor, lord (PMP: *umpu)
uranshrimp, prawn, lobster (PAN: *qudaŋ)
uruna forest booth or shelter (PMP: *uduŋ)
utanvegetable, food plant (PMP: *qutan) *quCaN
wagacanoe, boat, ship (PCEMP: *waŋka)
wahetvine; snake (PMP: *waRej)
wakata tree, the mangrove (Rhizophora) (PMP: *wakat)
wapo, waputa fish: a grouper (NOISE)
y-akome. Usually objective case (PAN: *i-aku) *aku
ʔe-m-ite-kdirty (PCEMP: *ma-qitem, ma-qetem) *qitem
Busang (23) WMP. see: Kayan (Busang)
Butanglu (1) Form.. see: Paiwan (Butanglu)
119. Bwaidoga/Bwaidoka (47) OC (Jenness and Ballantyne 1928) [bwd] (Bwaidoka) Papua New Guinea
abitake hold of something, grasp something (POC: *abi)
abitake hold of something, grasp something (POC: *qabi)
aifire (POC: *api) *Sapuy
ai-maulileft (side) (PEMP: *mauRi) *wiRi
anunushadow (POC: *qanunu)
asiosneeze (POC: *asio)
asiosneeze (NOISE)
avala-nahis shoulder; carry something on the shoulder (POC: *qapaRa₁) *qabaRa₁
avuashes (POC: *qapu) *qabu
awapassage or opening, e.g. the opening of the mouth, or a passage through two reefs (POC: *qawa₂)
banifishhook; fishing (POC: *baniŋ) *paniŋ
binamahornbill (POC: *binam)
boŋinight (POC: *boŋi) *beRŋi
buaa formation like a ball in a sprouting coconut (POC: *buaq)
dualaroot up the ground, of a pig (PMP: *sual)
eno-ilo-ilo-ina(of a star) to twinkle (POC: *iro iro)
e-vagu-nanew (of everything but food); recently, newly (PEMP: *baqoRu) *baqeRuh
foatesticles (Gibson) (POC: *puaq) *buaq
fuaegg (POC: *puaq) *buaq
fuselithe discharge from an ulcer (NOISE)
Bwaidoga/Bwaidoka (20 / 47)

givilarge tree: the wild chestnut (PMP: *qipil)
kiwiwisandpiper spp (POC: *kiwiwi)
kolo-nahair on body or limbs (NOISE)
kumaŋahermit crab (PMP: *kumaŋ)
kumi-chin (PMP: *kumi)
makakaaperture, opening, crack (POC: *makaka)
malawind, weather, time of day (often with a notion of a supernatural force that manifests itself in the weather) (POC: *mana₂)
manuahouse, dwelling (POC: *panua) *banua
memefibrous part of the betel nut that is ejected from the mouth (POC: *meme) *maymay
monakicuttlefish (POC: *monaki)
notwinkle (star) (NOISE)
novu-cross-sibling (NEAR)
odo-nahis throat (NOISE)
odubow, stoop (NOISE)
onato spear, throw a spear (POC: *ona₂) *ena
onato spear, throw a spear (POC: *ona₁) *ona
si-vagu-nanew, freshly gathered (of food) (PEMP: *baqoRu) *baqeRuh
tafislap, clap (POC: *tapik)
togato sit (POC: *toka₂)
tononato swallow (POC: *toñon) *teñen
Bwaidoga/Bwaidoka (40 / 47)

uthou (2sg. conjunctive pronoun) (PEMP: *u₂) *Suʔu
u-luluspecies of night bird (NEAR)
vagunew (PEMP: *baqoRu) *baqeRuh
voia paddle (POC: *pose) *beRsay
vu-vunacause, origin, foundation of anything; (of a tree) the root (POC: *puna₁) *punaŋ
waga, wakaa canoe of any kind, but esp. a large, boarded-up canoe (POC: *waga) *waŋka
ʔedu-ʔedubase of skull (POC: *keju)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Proto-Languages

Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) – Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-l_b.htm