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Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Languages
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Proto-Languages
(forms and ROOT, LOAN, NOISE are links)
769. Ubir (24) OC (Ross n.d.) [ubr] Papua New Guinea abara-nshoulder (POC: *qapaRa₁) *qabaRa₁ ate-liver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay batfour (PCEMP: *pat-i) *Sepat en-bububsleep (POC: *qenop) *qenəp en-rirlie down (POC: *qenop) *qenəp i-ani-nto eat (POC: *kani) *kaen ma-maishy, ashamed (PCEMP: *ma-mayaq) *Seyaq susu-female breast (PAN: *susu₁) Ubir (20 / 24) yau1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *i-aku) *aku 770. Ughele (1) OC (Tryon and Hackman 1983) 771. Ujir (50) CMP (Collins n.d.a.) [udj] Indonesia (Maluku) a-funto kill (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂ ai nento swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy ak1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku) a-ma-mutato vomit (PCEMP: *mutaq) *utaq arekMalay-introduced rice wine (LOAN) bana-banato walk (PMP: *panaw₂) *paNaw fulanmoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN Ujir (20 / 50) kaistick, wood (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw mədaybandicoot (PCEMP: *mansər) ranbranch (PMP: *daqan₁) *daqan rawinleaf (PCEMP: *daun) *dahun sirathey, them (PMP: *si ida) *ida Ujir (40 / 50) tamataperson, human being (PMP: *tau-mata) *Cau tanito cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis waywater (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR 773. Ulawa (58) OC (Ivens 1929) [apb] (Sa’a) Solomon Islands älihacentipede (PCEMP: *qalipan) *qalu-Sipan ato-atoup and down dividing sticks in a yam garden (POC: *asok) *hasek₁ ato-ni waʔathrow the yams into the holes (POC: *asok) *hasek₁ damafellow, mate (POC: *jama) *sama halisigrass; onion (late use) (Ivens 1929) (POC: *palici) *baliji halisigrass; onion (late use) (Ivens 1929) (POC: *palisi₂) *balizi hita ʔaito split firewood (POC: *pisak₁) *biseqak hoi puputhe Southern Cross constellation (POC: *bubu₁) holi-holi-ŋaa bought dependent (PEMP: *poli) *beli hua-naarticle, a, one, used of fruits only (POC: *puaq) *buaq hua ni ʔeifruit (POC: *puaq ni kayu) *buaq hula-aholasix nights of the moon's course, including the full moon and two nights each way (POC: *pulan₃) *bulaN hula-hulawater springs (POC: *puraq puraq) *budaq₁ huŋato be many, enough, too much, to abound (POC: *puŋa₂) *puŋa huŋa huŋa-ʔamound, hillock (POC: *pupuŋan) *bubuŋ₁ huŋa-huŋa-ʔamound, hillock (POC: *puŋa-puŋa) huŋa-nahillock (POC: *pupuŋan) *bubuŋ₁ huŋa-nahillock (POC: *puŋa-puŋa) ilalaa danito divine the weather (PAN: *kilala) ilala tarito appeal to a ghost in divination (PAN: *kilala) Ulawa (20 / 58) iluto sup (as yam soup) (POC: *iRup) *SiRup iluh-i(trans.) (POC: *iRup) *SiRup i-nau1sg., used as subject and also as a possessive (POC: *naku) *aku i-pai-palumake war on, fight (POC: *i-palu) ipua hollow in a tree holding water (POC: *ibu) *ibu₃ i welitatwo days hence (POC: *waRisa) kana ni henuadance songs (POC: *kanam) kukuto hang down, to depend, of creepers; to pull down creepers (POC: *kukut) lae hui-huiwalk swinging the hips, of women's gait (POC: *pui pui) *bui₃ la-lakosticky, to stick owing to glutinous nature (PMP: *la(ŋ)ket) lo-loloa swamp in which sago plants grow (POC: *lolop) *lebleb₂ luaflood tide (POC: *Ruap) *Ruab lua-luaa flood (POC: *Ruap) *Ruab ludato carry cargo, to load a canoe, to be heavily laden (PMP: *lujan) luhato remove, to free, to loosen (POC: *Rupas) luhato remove, to free, to loosen (POC: *lupas₂) maa ni akalothe blind eye of the coconut (akalo = ‘dead person, ghost’) (PMP: *mata) *maCa maa ni pwelusunostril (PMP: *mata) *maCa mäilow spring tides in August (POC: *maqati) *qaCi Ulawa (40 / 58) malito be roasted (POC: *mwaRi) masuto vomit, of sucking child (POC: *masuR) mwane taʔapoor fellow (POC: *saqat) *zaqat ŋaŋas-ito chew, to roll about in the mouth (PCEMP: *ŋaŋas) *ŋasŋas orato flame, to burn brightly; ashes (POC: *koran) pota-arubbish heap; refuse; dung (POC: *posaq) *peceq pua puaa palm used for making bows, combs, heavy spears (POC: *bual bual) saoluegg (POC: *qatoluR) *qateluR sineto shine, of stars (PMP: *sinaR) *siNaR tapaɁaa tree of soft wood used for making food bowls or for carving into ornaments, the ‘milk tree’ of North Queensland (POC: *sabakap) uhaa strong ground creeper used in tying; used in the incantations as a metaphor for magical power (POC: *tupa₂) *tubah ula-ulasinew; tendon (PMP: *uRat uRat) *huRaC uluŋ-ato pillow, to serve as a pillow (POC: *quluŋ-an) *qulun₂ wälitaday after tomorrow (POC: *waRisa) wate-watemake an oration at a feast (POC: *wa(n)se wa(n)se) *wa(n)se ʔimea large clamshell armlet, grooved, worn by elder men (PMP: *kima) 774. Ulithian (21) OC caluwater source (POC: *ranum) *daNum dudufemale breast (PAN: *susu₁) masėrėto sleep (POC: *turuR) *tuduR raabranch (POC: *raqan) *daqan raleday (POC: *raqani) *daqaNi sie-stomach (PMP: *tian) *tiaN sila-mother (PMP: *t-ina) *ina talelength of rope (POC: *tali₁) *CaliS tama-father (PMP: *t-amax) *amax Ulithian (20 / 21) Ulu Pahang Malay (1) WMP. see: Malay (Ulu Pahang) 775. Uma (264) WMP (Esser 1964) [ppk] Indonesia (Sulawesi) (dialects: Uma Baloi 1) [aka: Uma (Toraja), Toraja Uma] -athe basic sense of the suffix -a is locative, although this basic sense is applied and extended in a variety of directions, so that there is often little or nothing of a local function left to perceive. As for the relationship of -a to the similarly local suffix -i, it can be said in general that -i is found in verbal, -a in nominal forms. There are, however, also many exceptions to this rule ... a. when added to a noun derived from a verb or adjective -a denotes the place or time in which the action takes place or the condition in question prevails; this suffix also occurs with forms that are prefixed with ka- and a possessive pronoun; b. -a is added to (underived) nouns in the sense 'having, supplied with, suffering from. These forms are adjectives, and have no prefix (PAN: *-an) -a3sg. object (especially in future (gerundive) constructions) (PMP: *-a₂) -ahaʔwhet, sharpen (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq ahiʔpity, compassion (PMP: *qasiq) aku-ʔ1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku) alaʔfetch, get, take (PAN: *alaq₁) anituspirit, ghost; village spirit (PMP: *qanitu) *qaNiCu a-nuwhatchamacallit; possessions (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁ anuʔdrift away (as on a river current) (PAN: *qañud) araʔthere is none (PWMP: *wada-q) *wada atuhundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus -awiput in the lap (PMP: *qabin) Uma (20 / 264) ba, baraor, perhaps (PMP: *baraŋ₁) *baraŋ badiʔ- badiʔkind of dagger (PMP: *badiq) baliagree with one another (LOAN) baliashamanistic ceremony (PWMP: *balian) baliʔenemy; future part; repayment, retribution (PMP: *balik₂) baluʔmerchandise (PMP: *baluk₂) baŋaʔ ŋka-wulucoconut with the fibers still adhering to the shell (PMP: *bulu₁) boŋkapull something out; burst out (as bees from a hive) (PMP: *beŋkas) *beŋkas₄ bubuʔsow, plant seed (PMP: *buqbuq) buluʔmountain (PMP: *bulud₃) *buled₁ buŋkuʔin a stooping posture (PMP: *bukut) Uma (40 / 264) hakiʔsickness, complaint (PMP: *sakit) haluʔbrook, stream (PWMP: *saluR) ha-mataone (in counting sharp weapons) (PMP: *mata) *maCa hampe-abamboo pole over which mats are hung (in the house) (PMP: *sampay-an) *sapay ha-m-puluʔten (PMP: *sa-ŋa-puluq) *puluq ha-nopoone fathom (PAN: *depah) haŋ-kediʔfew, small in amount (NEAR) haŋ-kujahow much/how many? (PWMP: *saŋ-kuja) *kuja hawuɁto strew (PMP: *saq(e)buR) -hawuɁto strew, scatter (PMP: *sabuR) ha-ʔatuone hundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus hi oloʔin between (PMP: *qelet) *qeleC hi ralain, inside, within (PMP: *dalem) Uma (60 / 264) hujasharp bamboo spikes planted in the ground (PMP: *suja) hulu-ʔito fish by torchlight (?) (PWMP: *suluq-i) *suluq iiexclamation, ouch! (PMP: *ihi) iiexclamation, ouch! (PMP: *iqi) i-ko2sg. independent pronoun (PMP: *i-kahu) *kaSu ilito stream, flow (PWMP: *qiliR) ina-ʔmother, aunt (PAN: *iná-q) *ina ka-eaʔshame (PWMP: *ka-heyaq) *Seyaq Uma (80 / 264) kahorice straw, rice stalk (PMP: *kasaw₂) kaiɁ ~ kamiɁ1pl. excl., we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami kajuwood; tree; woods (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw -kaju-ito encase a corpse (in wood); counting classifier for fish, etc. (PMP: *kahiw) *kaSiw kakaloosen, untie (a rope, hobbled animal, etc.) (PMP: *kaskas₁) kalipopoʔfirefly (PWMP: *kalim-petpet) -ka-matalook toward (PMP: *ka-mata) *maCa ka-m-atedeath (PWMP: *ka-m-atay) *aCay ka-m-ate-(k)idie from (PWMP: *ka-m-atay) *aCay ka-turulying down, sleeping (PWMP: *ka-tuduR) *tuduR kujahow much?, how many? (PMP: *kuja) kutulouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux laboʔgourd, calabash (PWMP: *labuq₂) laŋkoheight, altitude (PMP: *laŋkaw) likudeep basin in a river (PMP: *liku₁) Uma (100 / 264) lipacentipede (PMP: *qalu-hipan) *qalu-Sipan líuto pass, pass by (PMP: *liu₂) lohuleaky, punctured (PWMP: *lesu₁) -luaʔspit out, spew out (PMP: *luaq) lumut-lumutmoss, seaweed (PMP: *lumut-lumut) *lumut luruʔdeep (in sleep) (PWMP: *lu(n)duq) luruʔdeep, of sleep (PWMP: *lunduq) ma-anuʔdrift away (as on a river current) (PMP: *ma-qañud) *qañud mamafather (PMP: *mama) *mamah mataeye; counting classifier (PMP: *mata) *maCa ma-taniʔalone (in a disapproving sense) (PWMP: *taniq) mataʔraw (PMP: *ma-hataq) *hataq m-atedead; die (PMP: *m-atay) *aCay ma-ʔahiʔhave pity, have compassion (PMP: *ma-qasiq) *qasiq ma-ʔalaseized, caught (PAN: *ma-ala) *ala me-kayuto gather firewood (PWMP: *ma-ŋahiw) *kaSiw me-matato stand up (PMP: *mata) *maCa meŋ-kapuʔtie securely (PWMP: *ma-ŋaput) *kaput Uma (120 / 264) meŋ-ka-wunihide, conceal oneself (PMP: *buni₁) *buNi me-pueʔto serve, be of use to; to obey (PWMP: *pueq) me-ri-ʔuluprecede (PMP: *di qulu) *quluh me-walibecome, change (PWMP: *bali₁) meʔ-anudo something (unstated) (PMP: *a-nu) *-nu₁ me-ʔeaʔashamed (PMP: *ma-heyaq) *Seyaq mo-hakiʔsick (PMP: *ma-sakit) *sakit mo-hopushoot with a blowgun (PWMP: *seput) mo-katato itch, be itchy (PMP: *ma-gatel) *gaCel mo-lakararely, seldom (PWMP: *ma-laka) *la(ŋ)ka mo-nanaʔto fester, suppurate (PMP: *nanaq) *naNaq mo-paiʔbitter (PMP: *ma-paqit) *paqiC mo-rauto have leaves (PWMP: *ma-dahun) *dahun mo-ruhuʔskinny (showing the ribs) (PWMP: *ma-Rusuk) *Rusuk mo-tajasharp (PWMP: *ma-tazem) *Cazem mo-tanato bury (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem mo-tuʔaold (PMP: *ma-tuqah) *tuqaS mo-wanowash the hands (PMP: *ma-bañaw) *bañaw mo-wuluhairy, covered with hair or feathers (PWMP: *ma-bulu) *bulu₁ Uma (140 / 264) moʔ-anaʔhave a child (PMP: *maR-anak) *aNak mo-ʔatu-atuby the hundreds (PWMP: *ma-Ratus) *RaCus mo-ʔuriʔto heal (wound) (PMP: *ma-qudip) *qudip mpo-hupiʔpick up with tongs (PWMP: *supit) mulamonth (as a unit of time) (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN -nahucook (in water) (PMP: *nasu) *Nasu naŋamouth of a river (PMP: *binaŋa) nunuʔkind of waringin or banyan (PMP: *nunuk) ŋ-alaʔtake, fetch, get (PWMP: *maŋ-alaq₁) *alaq₁ ŋ-inuto drink (PMP: *maŋ-inum) *inum odarung of a ladder (PMP: *haRezan) Uma (160 / 264) oloʔinterval, intervening space (PMP: *qelet) *qeleC otiready, finished (PMP: *qeti₃) otuʔfart, let a fart (PMP: *qetut) paluhammer (PMP: *palu) *palu₃ pa-nakosteal (PMP: *pa-nakaw) *Cakaw paŋaforked branch (PAN: *paŋa₁) pa-ŋan-abetel nut, areca nut (PWMP: *pa-ŋaen-an) *kaen pariaʔvine with bitter fruit eaten as a vegetable: Momordica charantia (PWMP: *pariaq) pasoʔto nail, drive in a nail (PAN: *pacek) pa-taniʔto segregate, seclude (PWMP: *taniq) pataʔcut through (PMP: *pataq) p-ate-hikill (PMP: *p-atay) *aCay pa-ti-hawuɁstrewn in every which direction (PMP: *saq(e)buR) pa-ʔalacatch something; haul in loot or booty (PAN: *ala) Uma (180 / 264) -pe-ʔahiʔto love, cherish (PMP: *qasiq) pitu ncaluʔseven streams (PWMP: *saluR) -po-ka-ʔahiʔfeel pity for (PMP: *ka-qasiq) *qasiq po-ponuʔto fill (PMP: *pa-penuq) *peNuq po-po-turulay someone down to sleep (PWMP: *pa-tuduR) *tuduR po-turulying down, sleeping (PWMP: *pa-tuduR) *tuduR po-tutu-ato speak, speak to one another (PMP: *tutur₁) pueʔlord, master (PWMP: *pueq) pueʔ uecrocodile (PWMP: *pueq) puhuʔbanana blossom (PMP: *pusuq₁) ralainside, inside part (PMP: *dalem) ratacome, reach, arrive at (PMP: *dateŋ) ri-ʔuluthe first (PMP: *di qulu) *quluh Uma (200 / 264) rodoto keep still (PAN: *demdem₁) rumpugather, assemble (PWMP: *rumpun) tajasharp (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem taja-hisharpen (PMP: *tazem) *Cazem taliheadband (PMP: *talih) *CaliS tanaʔearth, soil (PMP: *taneq) taŋkaʔset free, release; remove something that clings fast (PMP: *taŋkas) -tapadry by a fire (PMP: *tapa₁) *Capa tauheadhunter; (sometimes) human being (PMP: *tau₁) *Cau taʔifeces, excrement (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi ti-hawuɁspread, scattered, dispersed (PMP: *saq(e)buR) tilipto fly (PWMP: *tilib) Uma Baloi -toŋaʔsplit down the middle (PMP: *teŋaq) towusugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS Uma (220 / 264) tuduʔto teach, instruct (PAN: *tuzuq₁) tuduʔ-ito instruct (PMP: *tuzuq-i) *tuzuq₁ -tunuto burn (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh turulie down to sleep (PAN: *tuduR) tuʔaold woman or man; elders (PMP: *tuqah) *tuqaS ulesnake, worm, caterpillar (PMP: *qulej) ulupay out (rope), lower (PMP: *huluR) *SuluR uncoʔinsert, put on clothes (PMP: *u(n)sek) upiʔcarry under the arm (PWMP: *upit) utoʔboy! (used in calling) (PWMP: *utuq) walafence, enclosure (PMP: *bala₂) wanowash the hands (PMP: *bañaw) Uma (240 / 264) watafallen tree, log (PMP: *bataŋ) *bataŋ₁ watisago worm (PMP: *wati₁) *wati₁ (X + wati₁) watu poʔ-ahaaʔwhetstone (PMP: *hasaq) *Sasaq weŋiyesterday; recently (PMP: *beRŋi) wintikick in the calf (PMP: *bintiq) winticalf-kicking (PWMP: *binti₂) wiwiʔedge, border (PMP: *birbir₁) wuito blow (wind) (PWMP: *bui₁) wukubone; joint in bamboo (PMP: *bukuh) wulamoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN wulubody hair, feathers, fibers (PMP: *bulu₁) wuluʔkind of bamboo (PAN: *buluq₂) wunito hide (PMP: *buni₁) *buNi wuntupoint, peak (PMP: *buntu) *buntu₂ Uma (260 / 264) wuŋaflower, blossom (PMP: *buŋa) wuraʔfoam, bubbles, froth, scum, lather (PMP: *bujeq₂) *bujeq wuriblack; charcoal (PWMP: *budiŋ) Uma (Toraja) (263) WMP. see: Uma Uma Juman Kayan (171) WMP. see: Kayan (Uma Juman) 776. Umiray Dumaget (24) WMP aregihousepost (PMP: *hadiRi) *SadiRi bigeshusked rice (PMP: *beRas) bugeto spit out (PMP: *buRah) *buReS innawebreathe (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa mamauncle younger than Ego’s parent (Elkins and Hendrickson 1984) (PMP: *mama) *mamah ma-pitbitter (PMP: *ma-paqit) *paqiC paladpalm of the hand (PMP: *palaj₁) paŋ-innawebreath (Jason Lobel p.c.) (PMP: *nihawa) *NiSawa tanomto plant (PMP: *tanem) *CaNem Umiray Dumaget (20 / 24) taŋosto weep, cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis weleyounger sibling (PMP: *huaji) *Suaji Uneapa Bali (67) OC. see: Bali (Uneapa) Unmet (5) OC. see: V'ënen Taut 777. Ura (11) OC (Tryon 1976) ndeliŋe-ear (POC: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa n-enito eat (POC: *kani) *kaen ne-vatstone (POC: *patu) *batux u-leŋhousefly (POC: *laŋo) *laŋaw wissquid (PMP: *kuRita) *guRiCa Ureparapara (4) OC. see: Lehalurup 778. Uripiv (8) OC (Tryon 1976) [upv] (Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin) Vanuatu maturto sleep (POC: *maturuR) *tuduR na-utlouse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux waiwgeneral word for pandanus (POC: *poipoi) 779. Uruava (46) OC ara-path, road (POC: *jalan) *zalan ate-liver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay avuruten (PAN: *sa-puluq) *puluq karasito bite (POC: *kaRati) *kaRaC mairileft side (POC: *mawiRi) *wiRi ma-maadry (PMP: *ma-maja) *maja ma-tau-ito know (PMP: *taqu₂) *Caqu mateto die; dead (POC: *mate) *aCay minakafat, grease (PMP: *miñak) patu-head (POC: *batuk) *batuk₃ ra-maito come (POC: *maRi) *aRi Uruava (20 / 46) raniday (POC: *raqani) *daqaNi ranisisky (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC rasuone hundred (PMP: *Ratus) *RaCus sina-mother (PMP: *t-ina) *ina susu-female breast (PAN: *susu₁) tama-father (PMP: *t-amax) *amax tanito weep, cry (PMP: *taŋis) *Caŋis tarina-ear (POC: *taliŋa) *Caliŋa tok-ito cut, hack (POC: *totok) *tektek₁ toruegg (POC: *qatoluR) *qateluR Uruava (40 / 46) vuru-hair (POC: *pulu₃) *bulu₁ wanaright side (PMP: *wanan) *waNan Utupua (2) OC. see: Utupua/Tanimbili 780. Utupua/Tanimbili (2) OC (Tryon and Hackman 1983) [tbe] (Tanibili) Solomon Islands [aka: Utupua, Tanimbili] |
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Proto-Languages
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content)
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-l_u.htm