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Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Languages
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Proto-Languages
(forms and ROOT, LOAN, NOISE are links)
158. East Damar (38) CMP [dmr] (Damar, East) Indonesia (Maluku) [aka: Damar] a-ver-verunew (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh aʔaelder sibling (PMP: *kaka₂) huhu-female breast (PAN: *susu₁) itwe (incl. and excl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁ madarbandicoot (PCEMP: *mansar) m-malito laugh (PCEMP: *malip) m-matto die (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay niʔifruit bat, flying fox (PMP: *paniki) East Damar (20 / 38) n-nanito swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy vulnəmoon (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN vulu-body hair (PCEMP: *bulu₁) wo-ituseven (PAN: *pitu₁) *pitu East Futunan (175) OC. see: Futunan 159. East Uvean (2) OC fahaPandanus sp. (POC: *pwasa(rR)) kulapothreadfin emperor: Lethrinus nematacanthus (POC: *kulabo) Eastern Agta (47) WMP. see: Agta (Eastern) Eastern Arosi (5) OC. see: Arosi (Eastern) Eastern Fijian (1) OC. see: Fijian (Eastern) 160. Eastern Kadazan (2) WMP [dtb] (Kadazan, Labuk-Kinabatangan) Malaysia (Sabah) dadaŋ-onto broil (PMP: *daŋdaŋ₁) *daŋdaŋ tuŋ-kilaplightning (PMP: *kilap) Eddystone (123) OC. see: Eddystone/Mandegusu 161. Eddystone/Mandegusu (123) OC (Lanyon-Orgill 1969) [sbb] (Simbo) Solomon Islands [aka: Eddystone] -a3sg. object suffix (PMP: *-a₂) arosostring, rope; creeper or any similar plant used as string; rattan palm, Calamus sp., the fibre from which is used for binding (POC: *waRoc) *waRej asagrate or rub, as nuts, etc.; pudding made by grating (PEMP: *asaq) *Sasaq asaŋagills of a fish (PEMP: *asaŋ₂) *hasaŋ asejaw; lip, rim, edge (POC: *qase) *qazay baraplace of refuge, fort (POC: *baRa) *baRa₂ baraplace of refuge, fort (POC: *bara₄) *bara₁ bebebutterfly; a fish: Mugil sp., perhaps the yellow mullet, which is said to live on excreta (POC: *bebe) bola maiCome here! (POC: *mai) *ai₃ boroqopig (POC: *boRok) *beRek bualawar bow (POC: *bual bual) bukalawater bubbling up from a hot spring, as on the slopes of the hills in southern Eddystone and near the Sibo Channel (POC: *bukal₂) *bukal bulepeace; calm weather; make peace; be calm, of the weather (NOISE) bunaspecies of plant with poisonous leaves (POC: *(bp)una) bunaa plant with poisonout leaves (POC: *punat) *bunat Eddystone/Mandegusu (20 / 123) γailifishhook made from pearl shell (PAN: *kawil₁) γanito eat; to bite, as a fish; food (POC: *kani) *kaen γani-γanito keep on eating, feast (POC: *kani kani) *kaen iuto wash, esp. the body (POC: *iu₁) iva-BW (w.s.), ZH (m.s.), WB, HZ (POC: *ipaR-) *hipaR ivisp. of edible fruit, Inocarpus edulis, the so-called Tahitian chestnut, which is in fact a bean with solitary large seeds which are boiled or roasted (POC: *ipi₂) jiria plant, general term for Dracaena sp. (PMP: *siRi) ka-ruatwo (POC: *ka-rua) *duSa ka viahow many? (POC: *ga-pica) *pijax ka-vituseven (PMP: *ka-pitu) *pitu kolo2sg. pronoun, thou (only in ceremonial language) (POC: *koro₁) lamanasea, ocean; deep sea beyond the reef (POC: *laman) laŋitesky (PMP: *laŋit) *laŋiC laŋonoa log on which a canoe rests when it is hauled ashore (POC: *laŋon) *laŋen leo-nathyroid cartilage, Adam’s apple; throat (POC: *leqo) Eddystone/Mandegusu (40 / 123) li-liuturn over (POC: *li-liu) *liu₂ lotudeep or loud noise, as of a falling tree (NOISE) luavomiting; to vomit, spit (PMP: *luaq) lumutuspecies of plant or weed growing near water (PMP: *lumut) maihither, to here, generally used with an imperative; to come (POC: *mai) *ai₃ ma-ma-vato yawn (POC: *ma-mawap) *Suab manapowerful, potent, effective; gracious; true; come to pass; to grant, be favorable; power (POC: *mana₂) mataeye; eye of coconut shell; hook made of turtle shell (PMP: *mata) *maCa mata susunipple (POC: *mata ni susu) *maCa matatuto fear, be afraid (POC: *matakut) *takut matedead, weak, sick, rotten; death, illness resulting in death; die (POC: *mate) *aCay matilow tide (POC: *maqati) *qaCi mimiurine (POC: *mimiq) *miqmiq -mu2sg. possessor, your (PMP: *-mu) m-ulereturn; go back, come back; again, once again (POC: *m-ule) *uliq₁ naarticle and demonstrative, the, this (PMP: *na₁) nanathat, that one; there (POC: *nana₁) Eddystone/Mandegusu (60 / 123) novufish with sting on the back (POC: *nopuq) *nepuq ŋavaa measure of distance, fathom (POC: *ŋapa₁) ŋava- ŋavaa long distance (POC: *ŋapa₁) ŋgabumist; dust, dirt; rain-cloud, nimbus (POC: *kaput₂) *kabut o-muposs. pn. and adj., 2sg., your (POC: *o₂) o-naposs. pn. and adj., 3sg., his (POC: *o₂) palapalahorizontal supports of a roof, resting on the center posts (POC: *barabara₂) *bara₂ pukuknot, piece of string with knots used to count the nights after the death of a person (POC: *buku) *bukuh pulu-puluhair of the body (POC: *pulu pulu) *bulu₁ putupenis (euphemistic) (POC: *putuq) *buCuq pututree with a nut ending in a tuft which is used to brush the body: Barringtonia sp. (POC: *putun₁) *butun qasothe rafters of the roof and alcove or apse of a house, which rest on the beams, and project beyond the ridge (PMP: *kasaw₁) quli-ato skin, pare, skin off (POC: *kulit) *kuliC quli-quliskin of a plant (POC: *kulit) *kuliC qulitiskin of a human body (POC: *kulit) *kuliC Eddystone/Mandegusu (80 / 123) rodomodarkness; to be dark (POC: *rodrom₁) *demdem₂ rua-naneck, nape of the neck (POC: *Ruqa) rua-tatwo (occasionally used for rua) (POC: *rua) *duSa solosomountain, hill (POC: *solos) suluto burn, of a fire (PMP: *suluq) suluto burn, of a fire (POC: *sulu₁) susufemale breast; nipple; milk from the breast (PAN: *susu₁) tabucharm, sacred object; forbidden, taboo (POC: *tabu) *tambu tabu-nashrine, skull-house, sacred or forbidden place; sacred thing (POC: *tabu-na) *tambu t-ahiyounger sibling of the same sex (POC: *taci) *Suaji talifishing line (POC: *tali₁) *CaliS talisea variety of wood used in making some of the strong structural parts of a canoe (POC: *talise₁) *talisay taliʔuruto turn round, especially in order to throw out a fishing-line (POC: *ta-likur) *likud tama-father, grandfather, uncle (PMP: *t-amax) *amax tatanear, close at hand (POC: *tata₂) tiabelly, abdomen (PMP: *tian) *tiaN titasp. of tree, its fruit being the source for the caulking for canoes; Parinarium laurinum; gum, glue (POC: *qatita) Eddystone/Mandegusu (100 / 123) tokaembark, depart, put out to sea (POC: *toka₃) *toka₁ tuliwax in the ear (POC: *tuli₁) *Culi tutupestle (POC: *tutuk₂) *tuktuk₃ tuvapainful swelling in the arm or leg (POC: *tupa₁) uluabove, overhead; over (POC: *qulu) *quluh ululuhigh (PAN: *qulu qulu) *quluh utut-eflatus ventris, wind from the bowels (PMP: *qutut) utuvuto draw, of water (POC: *qutup) *qutub uvia yam, Dioscorea esculenta (PMP: *qubi) va-γan-ito eat (PAN: *pa-kaen) *kaen vala-valathe bow by which a drill is rotated; to drill a hole (NOISE) va-luathe second man in a six-man canoe (cf. *duSa 'two') (PMP: *pa-₁) vaŋun-ito awake, arise (POC: *paŋun) *baŋuN va-ruathe second man in a six man canoe (POC: *rua) *duSa viriplait, make a basket (PMP: *pirit) vosea paddle (POC: *pose) *beRsay vuafruit, flower, blossom, bud; to bear fruit (POC: *puaq) *buaq Eddystone/Mandegusu (120 / 123) vudibanana (general term) (POC: *pudi) *punti₁ vunaroot; thick end of a bunch of bananas (POC: *puna₁) *punaŋ vu-vuacrops, plants in general (POC: *puaq puaq) *buaq 162. Elat (16) CMP [bnd] (Banda) Indonesia (Maluku) ak1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku) atoproof, thatch (PMP: *qatep) mbo-mali-klaugh (PCEMP: *malip) mo-maishy, ashamed (PCEMP: *ma-mayaq) *Seyaq ŋ-inuto drink (PMP: *maŋ-inum) *inum 163. Emira (5) OC [emi] (Mussau-Emira) Papua New Guinea anuahouse (POC: *panua) *banua ŋapabetel nut lime pot (Chinnery 1927) (POC: *ŋapa₃) 164. Ende (13) CMP [end] Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) (ata) faiwoman (PCEMP: *bai) *bahi babafather (Lebar 1972) (PMP: *baba₂) ipaFZD, MBD (w.s.) (PMP: *hipaR₁) *hipaR kami1pl. excl., we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami kitawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *k-ita) *ita₁ miu2pl., you all (PCEMP: *kamiu) *amu narabrother (woman speaking), all male cousins except the father’s sister’s son (PMP: *ñaRa) tai-atiearthworm (PMP: *wati₁) *wati₁ (X + wati₁) 165. Enggano (24) WMP [eno] Indonesia (Sumatra) Ɂai1pl. excl., we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami amafather; father-in-law (PAN: *amax) bakaraw, unripe (PAN: *ma-qetaq) *qetaq bu-verb prefix (PMP: *<um>) *-um- e-bakaeye, face, front side; most important part (PMP: *mata) *maCa e-du-duithorn, spike (PMP: *duRi) e-hũkũhead louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux e-kaifeces, excrement (PMP: *taqi) *Caqi e-odiprice, value (PMP: *beli) e-ʔudiskin (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC -nia3sg. possessor (PAN: *ni-a) *-a₂ Enggano (20 / 24) ʔa-koru ~ ʔa-koduthree (PAN: *telu) ʔa-koru-paraparents with one child (PAN: *telu) ʔa-opafour (PMP: *ka-epat) *Sepat ʔaʔaelder sister, elder brother (PMP: *kaka₂) 166. Erai (183) CMP (Josselin de Jong 1947) [ert] (Eritai) Indonesia (Papua) aiwood, piece of wood, pole, post, stick, tree (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw ai aipieces of wood (PCEMP: *kayu) *kaSiw ai hunaflower, blossom of a fruit tree (PMP: *buŋa na kahiw) *buŋa ali-nyounger sibling of the same sex (PCEMP: *waji) *Suaji alupounder, pestle (PMP: *qahelu) *qaSelu ama(n)father, father's brother and the other male members of father's lineage and generation (PAN: *amax) ami1pl. excl., we, us (PAN: *k-ami) *ami ana-hataZC (m.s.) (PMP: *anak bahi, anak babahi, anak binahi) *aNak ana-hirathe children, often used in the meaning of: villagers, the village population (PMP: *anak i banua) *aNak ana kapu(n) ruatwins (PMP: *anak apij) *aNak ana-maneBC (w.s.) (PMP: *anak ma-Ruqanay, anak (la)laki) *aNak ana meralittle children, babies (PCEMP: *meRaq) *ma-iRaq ana mera mera-slittle children, babies (lit. 'red children') (PMP: *anak a ma-iRaq) *aNak ana-(n)little, small; child (PMP: *anak) *aNak ana(n) ajulueldest child (PMP: *anak a qulu) *aNak anibee, bee's nest, bee's wax; honey (PMP: *wani) Erai (20 / 183) ani-ani(n)rumor (PMP: *haŋin-haŋin) *haŋin ani(n)wind; year (beginning with the rainy season)_ (PMP: *haŋin) aranperson of the highest caste (PMP: *aren) arumuch, many (PMP: *hadu) *Sadu atahuman being; this word is used in certain cases only: ata mate 'corpse, ghost', and ata laik eha 'stranger' (PMP: *qaRta) ate-(n)liver (PMP: *qatay) *qaCay au1sg. nominative pronoun: I (PAN: *aku) ehaone, some, a certain; only, alone; other (PAN: *esa) eha ehaeach one (PMP: *esa esa) *esa erwater; river; place where there is water (PCEMP: *waiR) *wahiR hahacarry (on head or back) (PMP: *baba₁) ha-helivaluable, rich, with fruit-trees or other durable plants (of gardens) (PMP: *beli) ha-heru-nnew; not until, not before (PMP: *baqeRu) *baqeRuh h(a)lawhat, something (PMP: *bala₃) halasrepay, revenge (PAN: *bales₁) Erai (40 / 183) halikback, go back, return; again (PMP: *balik₂) harakwest, western (PMP: *habaRat) *SabaRat harujacket with long sleeves (LOAN) hausmell, stench; rot (PMP: *bahu) heacrocodile (< *baya) (PCEMP: *buqaya) heleunfold, open, spread out (PMP: *bekelaj) heliproperty, valuable things (PMP: *beli) heli-ŋprice, marriage-gift (paid to the bride's people) (PMP: *beli) hene heneevery night (PMP: *beRŋi beRŋi) *beRŋi hene hene leo leonight and day (PMP: *beRŋi beRŋi) *beRŋi hetanmillet (PMP: *beteŋ₁) *beCeŋ hiniseed-rice (PMP: *binehiq) *bineSiq hirathey, their, them (PMP: *si ida) *ida Erai (60 / 183) hoturise (of sun, moon or stars) (PMP: *betu) *betu₁ huhufish trap made chiefly of bamboo (PAN: *bubu₂) huhunmountain, hill, heap (PMP: *bunbun) hulanmoon, month (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN hulan joko kapanmoon-eclipse (lit. moon hides in a cover) (PMP: *bulan₃) *bulaN huli-near (of rice, etc.) (PMP: *buliR) hulubody hair, feather; thatch of palm leaves (PCEMP: *bulu₁) hunuenemy (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂ hunu-rinarmy, multitude of armed followers (PMP: *bunuq₂) *buNuq₂ hutia tuberous plant: Colocasia (NOISE) hutusbroken, e.g. of a piece of string (PMP: *butus) ihi(n)contents; body; rice out of the ear (PAN: *isi₅) ili-hunskirt of the village (PMP: *hili) ili-ralanvillage population (PMP: *hili) Erai (80 / 183) ina(n)mother, mother's sister, and the other female members of mother's lineage and generation (PCEMP: *ina) ina-nfemale (of animals) (PCEMP: *ina) itawe (plural incl.) (PAN: *ita₁) kalito dig (PMP: *kali₂) *kalih k-asi-anpoor, pitiable (PMP: *ka-qasiq-an) *qasiq lago, travel; stay, reside; follow, go by (PMP: *lakaw) la ili ehain another village (PMP: *hili) la ni-liubehind him (PAN: *likud) lariflee, run away (PAN: *laRiw) leosun, day; time, lifetime (PMP: *qalejaw) leo leodaily (PMP: *qalejaw-qalejaw) *qalejaw Erai (100 / 183) lima uraklines in the palm of the hand (PMP: *uRat i lima) *huRaC liuback, back part (PAN: *likud) ma-hua-nbear fruit (PMP: *ma-buaq) *buaq makakblood-sucker, leech (PAN: *-matek) mamato chew betel (PMP: *mamaq) ma-matewho dies; going to die (PMP: *ma-m-atay) *aCay manu la-laria bird flying up (PAN: *laRiw) masi(n)salt; saltish, briny (PCEMP: *maqasin) *qasiN mataeye; numeral classifier with leo ‘day’, as in leo mata hatelu ‘three days’ (PMP: *mata) *maCa matedie; dead; sleeping (of members of the body) (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay mate ērbe parched with thirst (to death) (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay mate klarstarve (PCEMP: *matay₁) *aCay merared (PCEMP: *meRaq) *ma-iRaq m-orilive, alive, thrive, grow (PMP: *ma-qudip) *qudip na-neanwhose name is, named (PMP: *ŋajan) nanito swim (PMP: *naŋuy) *Naŋuy Erai (120 / 183) nara-(n)a man’s sister, a woman’s brother (PMP: *ñaRa) neanname; named, be named (PMP: *ŋajan) nococonut tree and fruit (PMP: *niuR) no ercoconut water (PMP: *niuR) panaswarm, hot; sharp; fever (PMP: *panas₁) panurise from sleep (PMP: *baŋun₂) *baŋuN pa-putiwho is white, being white (PMP: *pa-putiq) *putiq ralanin, within, inside; heart; contents, usually postposed (PMP: *dalem) ratanto arrive; as far as, until; enough (PMP: *dateŋ) ruatwo, usually with the numeral prefix ha-: harua; sometimes with metathesis: rahua (PMP: *duha) *duSa Erai (140 / 183) sala(n)road, path, way (PMP: *zalan) semanoutrigger float of a boat (PMP: *saRman) sukunbreadfruit tree (said to be from Malay) (PMP: *sukun) tehusugarcane (PMP: *tebuh₁) *tebuS teluthree (usually with a numeral prefix: ha-telu) (PAN: *telu) tena(n)half; middle (PMP: *teŋaq) tete(k)to cut through (PAN: *tektek₁) Erai (160 / 183) tunuto roast (PMP: *tunu) *CuNuh turu(n)to descend (PMP: *tuRun₁) uhituber, tuberous plant (PMP: *qubi) ulapoisonous snake (PMP: *hulaR) *SulaR ulikskin; hide; bark (PMP: *kulit) *kuliC ulubreadfruit (tree) (PMP: *kuluR) upu-nlord, master; spiritual chief and representative of a class of beings or things in Nature (PMP: *umpu) upun hahatagrandmother (PMP: *umpu) upun mamanegrandfather (PMP: *umpu) uraktendon; sinew (PMP: *uRat) *huRaC usanrain; rainy season (PMP: *quzan) *quzaN utanpea, bean (PMP: *qutan) *quCaN utu-(n)louse (PMP: *kutu₁) *kuCux wanaright side (PMP: *wanan) *wanaN Erai (180 / 183) wanaright hand side (PMP: *wanan) *wanaN waseto wash (objects) (PMP: *baseq) Eratap (42) OC. see: Efate (South) 167. Ere (51) OC [twp] Papua New Guinea ahaywind, northwest monsoon (PMP: *habaRat) *SabaRat amtirto sleep (POC: *matiruR) *tiduR aŋ-haŋto feed (POC: *paŋan) *kaen aŋusblow the nose (POC: *aŋusu) aritthe putty nut: Parinarium laurinum (POC: *qarita) dalisa shore tree: Terminalia catappa L. (POC: *talise₁) *talisay dimatperson, human being (PMP: *tau-mata) *Cau dine-intestines (PMP: *t<in>aqi) *Caqi drefeces, excrement (POC: *taqe₂) *taqay drowa hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga (POC: *toRas) *teRas druhsugarcane (POC: *na topu) *tebuS isexclamation of fear (PMP: *qisaq) kaliysmall grouper (POC: *kalika) Ere (20 / 51) key apiysago palm (POC: *Rabia) *Rambia kimalman, male (PMP: *kamaliR) kina-nmeat; its meat (POC: *k<in>an) *kaen kupsoutheast monsoon; east (NEAR) kwa-lawlaplap, sarong (NEAR) Ere lasflat fish found in river mouths (POC: *laji₂) *lajih lim-ŋ-ulfifty (PMP: *lima ŋa puluq) *lima lisnit, egg of a louse (POC: *lisa) *liseqeS low-lowred tree ant (POC: *loRo) mise-ncooked (PEMP: *ma-qosak) *qesak mondugout canoe without outrigger (POC: *mona) nunu-wearthquake (POC: *nunu₁) nuwsquid without shell (POC: *ñui) Ere (40 / 51) ŋira-nhis/her name (POC: *ŋacan) *ŋajan siya shrub: Cordyline, Dracaena (PMP: *siRi) suhircockatoo sp. (POC: *supiri) tuhvine (generic) (POC: *tupa₂) *tubah |
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Proto-Languages
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content)
Trussel (production)
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