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Updated: 6/21/2020

Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Noise

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z

v

ve vi vo vu

vagina

OC
Marshallese	pipi	vagina
Rennellese	hihi	vagina

variety: nut variety

CMP
Kei	isu	betel nut
OC
Lakalai	isu	almond which is yellow on the end

TOP ve vi vo vu

(Dempwolff: *kubay ‘vegetable’)

vegetable

WMP
Malay	kubay	kind of edible vegetable
Toba Batak	hube	heart leaves; leaf buds; innermost still white sprouts from which the new leaves come

Dempwolff (1938) posited *kubay ‘vegetable’. Despite its detailed coverage of flora, I have been unable to find Malay kubay (= kubai) in Wilkinson (1959).

vegetation: dense vegetation

OC
Sa'a	pupulu	thick, dense (as branches)
Tuvaluan	pupu	impenetrable (of forest)

(Dempwolff: *tambeŋ ‘covered, veiled’)

veiled: covered, veiled

WMP
Tagalog	tábiŋ	curtain; screen; a covered frame that hides, protects, or separates; veil; anything that screens or hides (as a veil of clouds); shade; something that shuts out light
Malay	tambaŋ	a mine
Malay	mə-nambaŋ	to mine
Javanese	tawəŋ	covering

Dempwolff (1938) proposed PAn *tambeŋ ‘covered, veiled’ for what is best treated as a collection of unrelated forms.

(Dempwolff: *sambaq ‘reverence, adoration’)

veneration: worship, veneration

WMP
Tagalog	sambá	worship; homage; veneration; sacred reverence; adoration
Malagasy	samba-samba	a word uttered in wishing a blessing on the commencement of anything new (especially on eating the first fruit of the rice crop)
Malagasy	samba-samba-ina	to be blessed by the utterance of the word samba-samba
OC
Wayan	(mata ni) sava	sacred area of a clan or kin group; people go there in times of misfortune to ask the guardian spirits (ancestors) to help
Fijian	sava ~ savasava	a temple

Dempwolff (1938) used this comparison (minus the Wayan entry) to reconstruct *sambaq (doublet (*sembaq) ‘reverence, adoration’. However, the Tagalog and Malagasy words are clearly borrowings of Malay səmbah ‘obeisance; gesture of worship or homage; speech accompanied by such a gesture’, and the similarity of the Wayan and Fijian forms to these is best attributed to chance.

venomous animal

WMP
Casiguran Dumagat	ipel	poisonous snake (small and greenish)
Miri	n-ifal	centipede

TOP ve vi vo vu

(Dempwolff: *pelik ‘to vibrate’)

vibrate, fan

WMP
Tagalog	pilik	vibration (Laktaw)
Malagasy	pelika	[gloss]
Malay	pəlik	ear ornament
Javanese	pəlik	spark

Dempwolff (1938) compared the forms given here with Malagasy pelika ‘to fan, vibrate, using them to posit Uraustronesisch *pelik ‘to vibrate’. I am unable to find a form that matches his Malagasy citation in any dictionary available to me, and even if it could be found, the semantic latitude allowed in this comparison and the phonological irregularity of the Malagasy form weigh heavily against accepting this as a valid etymology.

village

Formosan
Bunun	asaŋ	village
OC
Molima	ʔasa	village, hamlet

vine

WMP
Aklanon	bæágon	vine (generic)
Cebuano	balágun	vine
Maranao	balagen	rattan
Subanen/Subanun	balagon	vine
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	belagen	rattan
PMin	balahan	cucumber
Bare'e	wayaa	vine
Tae'	balaan	vine that is used as a rope

A PSPh reconstruction *balagen is possible, but the similarity of the Proto-Minahasan and Tae' forms to the others appears to be due to chance. Also cp. Tiruray berogon 'a wild vine: Merremia peltata'.

(Dempwolff: *cahiŋ ‘viscous material’)

viscous material

WMP
Tagalog	sáhiŋ	tree sp.; a white sticky resin or pitch obtained from this tree
Ngaju Dayak	saiŋ	together
Javanese	ceŋ	sugarcane sap

On the basis of this comparison Dempwolff (1938) posited ‘Uraustronesisch’ *cahiŋ ‘viscous material’.

(Dempwolff: *bela)

visible

WMP
Ngaju Dayak	ma-mala	visible
Javanese	wéla-wéla	clear, distinct
OC
Sa'a	hola	to spring up, to grow spontaneously, as mushrooms, wild taro or yams, the growths appearing after a fire
Fijian	vola	to make marks on; to write
Fijian	i-vola	book

TOP ve vi vo vu

(Dempwolff: *puhaŋ ‘empty’)

void: gap, space, void

WMP
Tagalog	puwáŋ	gap; space between; blank; a space for fitting in an answer; opening; way; a space for passing or going ahead
Malagasy	fóana	empty, vain, void; freely, foolishly, uselessly
OC
Fijian	vua	to take possession of a village in war, driving the inhabitants out

Based on this comparison Dempwolff (1938) posited Uraustronesisch *puhaŋ ‘empty’ (leersein), citing the gloss of Fijian vua as ‘uninhabited’ (unbewohnt sein).

vow, pledge

WMP
Tagalog	sahot	vow
Malagasy	sotra	wish, desire; benediction, blessing
Javanese	sot	curse, malediction
OC
Fijian	cau	to make presents, present property, answer a petition; present food to a chief; make a contribution to a common effort
Samoan	sau	gift of food

This comparison proposed by Dempwolff (1938) appears to bring together completely unrelated forms. I am unable to find Tagalog sahot in either Panganiban (1966) or English (1986), and Samoan sau does not occur in this meaning in any dictionary I have been able to consult, including Pratt (1893), which was Dempwolff’s source.

TOP ve vi vo vu

vulva

WMP
Sangir	babaʔ	crude for kababa? vulva (particularly of young girls)
CMP
Kei	bab	vulva

Chance. Sangir -ʔ can reflect any of a number of original final consonants.

vulva

WMP
Bontok	bágat	buttocks; female genitals
Sundanese	baga	vulva
Balinese	baga	hole, gap, groove, ravine; vulva

The similarity of Bontok bágat to the other forms is due to chance. Sundanese, Balinese baga reflect a post-PWMP innovation.

vulva

WMP
Makassarese	bibereʔ	lips, lips of the vulva
OC
Fijian	bebe	vagina

vulva

OC
Tanga	bua	mons veneris
Maori	pua	pudenda muliebra

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z

Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) – Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-n_v.htm

Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) – Trussel (production)
Noise-Index-v