j   

jacket₁:   shirt, jacket

Borrowing, ultimately from Persian.

jacket

Borrowing from a South Sulawesi source. Makassarese -ʔ can reflect any of a number of original final consonants.

jackfruit Artocarpus spp.

Also Malay naŋka ‘a fruit; specifically the jack, Artocarpus integrifolia; but covering also the soursop, another jackfruit, Artocarpus lanceaefolia, and two other plants: Mallotus macrostachyus and Nauclea purpurascens or Sideroxylon malaccense’, Karo Batak naŋka ‘jackfruit tree and fruit: Balinese naŋka ‘breadfruit tree and fruit: Artocarpus integrifolia’, Mongondow naŋga ‘jackfruit: Artocarpus integrifolia’.

The history of this word remains somewhat unclear. Merrill (1954:153) notes that the jackfruit “although now widely distributed in the archipelago and frequently planted, was an early introduction from tropical Asia.” By ‘tropical Asia’ he presumably means India, although no further information is given. Since the word occurs in Old Javanese and has spread into a number of Philippine languages, it is likely that its introduction into the Austronesian family goes back at least a millennium. Its appearance in Chamorro presumably is due to contact with Philippine languages such as Tagalog during the centuries of Spanish occupation of the Marianas.

jackfruit

Borrowing, ultimately from Sanskrit.

jail

Borrowing from Dutch.

jar:   earthen jar

Borrowing from a Cordilleran language into Itbayaten.

jasmine

Also Ilokano sampága ‘Jasminium sambac, Arabian jasmine’. Although the base form may be native to some Philippine languages, the longer word with diminutive suffix appears to be a Spanish loan in both the Philippines and the Marianas.

javelin:   dart, javelin

Also Malay, Minangkabau suligi ‘dart, small spear or lance’. The final glottal stop in Tagalog shows that it is most likely a borrowing from Malay, an interpretation that may well apply to most of the other forms cited here as well.

jealousy, envy

Borrowing from Malay.

jelly:   seaweed jelly

Borrowing, ultimately from Javanese.

jellyfish

jewel:   gem, jewel

Borrowing, ultimately from Sanskrit.

jewelry:   decoration, jewelry

Borrowing. The Philippine reflexes point to *h-, but the western Indonesian reflexes to *q-. Panganiban (1966) suggests that Tagalog hiás derives from Spanish joyas. If so, this form has spread from the Philippines into western Indonesia, like Malay biawas 'guava', and a few other words.

join together

Borrowing from Malay.

joint

Either a chance resemblance or a Javanese loan in Ngaju Dayak. Dempwolff (1938) proposed *kukut ‘joint’, but I am unable to find a Javanese form with this meaning in either Pigeaud (1938) or Horne (1974).

judge, punish

Borrowing, ultimately from Arabic.