*a   

ab    ac    aC    ad    ag    ai    aj    ak    al    am    an    aN    añ    an    aŋ    ap    aq    ar    aR    as    aS    at    au    aw    ay    az    

*-a₁   PAN *-a₁, imperative suffix. Formosan WMP OC

*-a₃   PAN *-a₃, subjunctive suffix. Formosan WMP

*a₁   PMP *a₁, article. WMP OC

*a₂   PMP *a₂, conjunction: and. WMP OC

*-a₂   PMP *-a₂, 3sg. object. WMP OC;  PAN *ni-a, 3sg. agent/possessor. Formosan WMP CMP OC;  POC *-ña, 3sg. possessor of inalienable possessed nouns. OC

*a₃   PMP *a₃, exclamation, interjection. WMP CMP OC

*a₄   PAN *a₄, hesitation particle. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*a₅   PAN *a₅, ligature. Formosan WMP OC

*abá   PWMP *abá, exclamation: ah!, oh!, alas!. WMP

*aba₁   PAN *aba₁, father. Formosan WMP CMP

*aba₂   PPh *aba₂, carry pick-a-back. WMP

*abag   PPh *abag, join forces, cooperate in working. WMP

*abaká   PPh *abaká, Manila hemp: Musa textilis. WMP

*abal abal   PPh *abal abal, beetle sp.. WMP

*abála   PPH *abála, to bother, disturb, annoy or inconvenience someone. WMP

*abaŋ₁   PMP *abaŋ₁, ambush, block the way; obstacle, hindrance. WMP CMP;  PWMP *maŋ-abaŋ, to block the way, ambush someone. WMP

*abaŋ₂   PWMP *abaŋ₂, ditch. WMP;  PWMP *ŋ-abaŋ, make a gutter, ditch, or channel. WMP

*abaŋ₃   PWMP *abaŋ₃, rent. WMP

*abat₁   PWMP *abat₁, support. WMP

*abat₂   PPh *abat₂, spirit that causes sickness. WMP

*abat₃   PCEMP *abat₃, wound, to wound. CMP SHWNG

*abat₄   PPH *abat₄, to extract from body (as sliver, or imagined cause of illness in shamanic practice). WMP

*abaw   PMP *abaw, high, lofty. WMP;  POC *apo, high, lofty. OC

*abay   PPH *abay, side by side. WMP

*a(m)bek   PWMP *a(m)bek, mat. WMP

*abi   POC *abi, take hold of, grasp. OC

*abij   PPh *abij, copulate. WMP

*abijay   PPh *abijay, sling over the shoulder. WMP

*abilus   PPH *abilus, a plant: Acalypha spp.. WMP

*abit   PWMP *abit₁, climb. WMP

*abu abu   PWMP *abu abu, fish sp.. WMP

*abuat   PWMP *abuat, long (of objects). WMP

*abúluy   PPH *abúluy, assistance given to someone in need. WMP

*abun   PWMP *abun, collect, gather. WMP

*abuqaŋ   PMP *abuqaŋ, beetle. WMP CMP

*abuR   PWMP *abuR, dust. WMP

*ábuR   PPh *ábuR, chase, drive away. WMP

*abus   PMP *abus, ash. WMP CMP

*abut₁   PMP *abut₁, pull up, root up. WMP OC

*abut₂   PWMP *abut₂, buttocks. WMP

*abuyu   PPH *abuyu, to boil sugarcane to make sugarcane wine. WMP

*acaŋ   PWMP *acaŋ, dove, pigeon. WMP

*aCab   PAN *aCab, a cover. Formosan;  PMP *atab, a cover. WMP

*aCas   PAN *aCas, high, tall. Formosan;  PMP *atas, high, tall. WMP CMP OC;  PAN *i aCas, above, on top. Formosan;  PMP *i-atas, above, on top. WMP;  PWMP *ma-atas, tall, high. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-atas, lift or raise up. WMP;  POC *atas-ña, its top. OC

*aCay   PAN *aCay, death. Formosan;  PMP *atay, death. WMP OC;  PAN *ka-aCay, kill (?). Formosan WMP CMP;  PAN *ka-aCay-an, lose someone through death (?). Formosan WMP;  PAN *ma-aCay, die; dead; eclipse of sun or moon. Formosan CMP;  PMP *m-atay, die; dead; sick; tired (of); faint, lose consciousness; eclipse; new moon; extinguished; blocked (path); paralyzed; numb, asleep (limbs); die down (wind); waterless (springs, rivers); dry up (plants); beaten (in a game); fixed (price); terminate a matter, reach an agreement; disaster; intensive, superlative; desire intensely, be deeply in love. WMP CMP;  PCEMP *matay₁, die; dead. CMP SHWNG;  POC *mate, die; dead. OC;  POC *mate-a, kill. OC;  PMP *m-atay-an, lose someone through death. WMP;  POC *mate-an, death. OC;  POC *mate-qaŋa, death. OC;  POC *mate-na, dead. OC;  PMP *pa(ka)-m-atay, kill; commit suicide (?). WMP CMP SHWNG;  POC *paka-mate, kill; commit suicide. OC;  POC *paka-mate-ia, kill. OC;  PWMP *paŋ-m-atay, kill. WMP;  PWMP *ka-m-atay, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *ka-m-atay-an, be affected by a death. WMP;  PWMP *m-atay anak, spirit dangerous to children. WMP;  PWMP *m-atay uRat, paralyzed. WMP;  PWMP *na-atay, dead. WMP;  PAN *pa-aCay, kill. Formosan;  PMP *p-atay, kill. WMP;  PWMP *ka-p-atay, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *ka-p-atay-an, end or death of something (?). WMP;  PWMP *ka-p-atay-en, death. WMP;  PWMP *p<in>atay, kill. WMP;  PAN *p-aCay-en, kill. Formosan WMP;  PAN *pa-p-aCay, kill. Formosan;  PMP *pa-p-atay, kill. WMP;  PWMP *pa-p-atay-an, kill. WMP;  PMP *in-atay, dead. WMP CMP;  PAN *m<in>aCay, burial ground (?). Formosan WMP;  POC *m<in>ate, die. OC;  PMP *ma-m-atay, as if dead?. WMP CMP;  POC *ma-mate, (gloss uncertain). OC;  PMP *m-atay m-atay, die in throngs; be on the verge of death. WMP CMP SHWNG OC

*adaduq   PWMP *adaduq, long (of objects). WMP

*adamay   PMP *adamay, a plant: Pipturus argenteus. WMP CMP

*adani   PMP *adani, near. WMP CMP

*adaS   PAN *adaS, bring, take along. Formosan;  PAN *um-adaS, bring. Formosan

*adayúq   PPH *adayúq, far. WMP;  PPH *ma-adayuq, far, far away, far off, distant. WMP;  PPH *d<um>ayuq, to distance oneself, move far off. WMP

*adi   PAN *adi, no, not. Formosan WMP

*adu   PWMP *adu, compete, confront in a contest. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-adu, compete, confront in a contest. WMP

*aduq   PMP *aduq, exclamation of pain, distress, etc.. WMP CMP;  PWMP *maŋ-aduq, to exclaim in pain, distress, etc.. WMP

*a(n)duq   PWMP *a(n)duq, long, of objects. WMP

*ága   PPH *ága, early; punctual. WMP

*agag   PWMP *agag, a sieve; to sift. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-agag, to sift. WMP

*agam   PWMP *agam, consider, think. WMP

*a(ŋ)gap   PWMP *a(ŋ)gap, think carefully about, consider. WMP

*agas   PWMP *agas, a tree: Aporosa spp.. WMP

*agem₁   PWMP *agem₁, hold, grip. WMP

*agem₂   PWMP *agem₂, use, get use from. WMP

*agem₃   PWMP *agem₃, overcast. WMP

*ágiw   PPH *ágiw, soot. WMP

*agu   PMP *agu, and, also. WMP CMP

*águm   PPH *águm, to appropriate for oneself. WMP;  PPH *agum-an, defend, protect one’s interests. WMP

*agúm   PPH *agúm, to associate with someone. WMP

*ai₁   POC *ai₁, anaphoric or relative particle: there, previously mentioned place. OC

*ai₂   PAN *ai₂, interjection, exclamation of surprise, incredulity, etc.. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*ai₃   PAN *ai₃, come. WMP;  PAN *um-ai, to come. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG;  POC *mai, come; toward the speaker. SHWNG OC

*ajan   PMP *ajan, name. WMP;  POC *acan, name. OC;  PMP *pa(ka)-ajan, to name, give a name to. WMP OC

*ajem   PAN *ajem, heart; mind. Formosan

*ajiq   PWMP *ajiq, exclamation of pain or surprise. WMP

*aka   PWMP *aka, elder sibling. WMP;  PWMP *aka-ŋ, elder sibling (vocative). WMP;  PWMP *aka-q, elder sibling (vocative). WMP

*akak   PMP *akak, cackling laughter. WMP CMP

*akaŋ   PWMP *akaŋ, take a long step, step over something. WMP

*akaR   PMP *akaR, root. WMP CMP OC

*ake   POC *ake, tree sp.. OC

*aken₁   PAN *aken₁, 1sg oblique. Formosan WMP

*aken₂   PWMP *aken₂, preposition, on, upon; applicative marker. WMP

*akerahaq   PMP *akerahaq, cry of a monkey. WMP CMP

*aki   PAN *aki, grandfather, ancestor. Formosan WMP

*a(ŋ)kit   PMP *a(ŋ)kit, bite. WMP CMP;  PMP *um-a(ŋ)kit, to bite. WMP CMP

*akot   POC *akot, to point out, show, teach. OC

*aku   PAN *aku, 1sg nominative; I. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PAN *i-aku, 1sg., I, me. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *aku-en, acknowledge; receive, accept. WMP;  PAN *k-aku, 1sg oblique: to me, for me. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-aku, admit, confess. WMP;  PMP *ni aku, 1sg. agent. WMP CMP;  POC *naku, 1sg., I, me. OC;  POC *ŋau₂, 1sg.: I. OC

*ala   PAN *ala, take, get, fetch, obtain; marry. Formosan WMP CMP OC;  PAN *ma-ala, take. Formosan WMP;  PAN *um-ala, to fetch, get, take. Formosan WMP;  PAN *ala-en, take. Formosan WMP

*alabat   PPH *alabat, fence, wall. WMP

*alagád   PPH *alagád, to wait. WMP

*alagaq   PWMP *alagaq, kind of large red tree ant with bad bite. WMP

*alali   PMP *alali, halibut, sole, flounder. WMP CMP OC

*alaŋ   PPH *alaŋ, doubt; hesitation. WMP;  PPH *alaŋ-án, to hesitate; to doubt. WMP;  PPH *alaŋ-alaŋ₂, to hesitate; to doubt. WMP

*alaŋ-alaŋ   PWMP *alaŋ-alaŋ₁, insufficient, half-heartedly. WMP

*alap   PAN *alap, fetch, get, take. Formosan WMP OC;  PWMP *ka-alap, fetch. WMP;  PWMP *ka-alap-an, fetch. WMP;  PAN *ma-alap, take. Formosan WMP;  PPh *maka-alap, able to fetch, get, take, reach. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-alap, fetch, get, take. WMP;  PWMP *paŋ-alap, means or instrument for catching. WMP;  PWMP *paŋ-alap-an, fetch. WMP;  PAN *in-alap, take. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *um-alap, fetch, get, take. WMP;  PWMP *alap-an, take. WMP;  PWMP *alap-en, fetch, get, take. WMP

*alaq₁   PAN *alaq₁, fetch, get, take. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *ma-alaq, fetch. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-alaq₁, fetch, get, take. WMP;  PWMP *paŋ-alaq, get. WMP;  PAN *um-alaq, fetch, get, take. Formosan WMP;  PAN *alaq-en, take. Formosan WMP

*alaq₂   PWMP *alaq₂, defeat. WMP;  PWMP *ka-alaq, defeat. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-alaq₂, defeat, overcome. WMP

*alaq₃   PWMP *alaq₃, resemble. WMP

*alawid   PWMP *alawid, far. WMP

*álem   PPH *álem, a shrub or tree: Melanolepis multiglandulosa. WMP

*alem   PMP *alem, dark, night. WMP CMP

*alikas   PAN *alikas, quick, fast. Formosan WMP

*alílaq   PPH *alílaq, to care for someone, wait on. WMP

*alim   PAN *alim, forget. Formosan

*alinaw   PPh *alinaw, shadow. WMP

*aliq   PMP *aliq, move, change place. WMP OC

*aliten   PWMP *aliten, fire brand; unconsumed wood in a fire; charred wood. WMP

*a(lR)im   PAN *a(lR)im, pancreas, spleen. Formosan

*alub   PWMP *alub, put in or over a fire. WMP

*alud   PWMP *alud, type of canoe. WMP

*aluja   PAN *aluja, to paddle. Formosan WMP;  POC *aluca, to paddle. OC;  PAN *pa-aluja, to paddle. Formosan WMP;  POC *paluca, to paddle. OC

*alujah   PAN *alujah, ant sp.. Formosan

*aluluŋ   PMP *aluluŋ, to howl, of dogs. WMP OC

*aluŋ   PMP *aluŋ, shade, shadow. WMP CMP OC

*aluten   PMP *aluten, burning brand; charred or smoldering wood. WMP CMP SHWNG;  POC *aluton, fire wood. OC

*amak   PWMP *amak, mat. WMP

*áman   PPH *áman, careful, cautious. WMP

*amaŋ amaŋ   PWMP *amaŋ amaŋ, dare to do something. WMP

*amaq   PWMP *amaq, to eat. WMP;  PWMP *amaq-an, eat. WMP

*amaRa   PWMP *amaRa, tree sp.. WMP

*amat   PWMP *amat, continuous, unceasing. WMP

*amatu   POC *amatu, double-headed parrotfish. OC

*amax   PAN *amax, father. Formosan WMP CMP OC;  PAN *da-amax, father. Formosan WMP;  PAN *maR-amax, to be father and child. Formosan WMP;  PAN *si amax, father (ref.). Formosan WMP;  PAN *ta-amax, father (ref.). Formosan;  PMP *t-amax, father. WMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *ka-ama-en, father. WMP;  PWMP *kam-ama-an, father's brother. WMP;  PMP *pa(ka)-amax, treat like a father. WMP OC;  PWMP *paR-ama-en, relationship of father and child. WMP;  PWMP *paRi-amax, relationship of father and children. WMP;  POC *paRi-tama, relationship of father and children. OC;  PWMP *ama-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *ama-en, uncle. WMP;  PMP *amá-ŋ, father (voc.). WMP CMP;  PMP *ama-q, father (voc.). WMP CMP;  PMP *ama-i, father (voc.). WMP CMP;  PWMP *ama ama, step father. WMP

*ambak   PMP *ambak, stamp or smack against. WMP CMP

*ambawaŋ   PWMP *ambawaŋ, wild mango. WMP

*ambay   PWMP *ambay, wave back and forth. WMP

*amben   PWMP *amben, belly strap. WMP

*ambet   PWMP *ambet, strap; something wrapped around. WMP

*ambiq   PWMP *ambiq, extension to house. WMP

*ambit   PMP *ambit, seize with the hands. WMP CMP;  POC *abit₂, hold, get, take. OC;  PWMP *maŋ-ambit, take with the hands. WMP;  PWMP *maR-ambit, take with the hands. WMP

*ambun   PWMP *ambun, dew, mist, fog. WMP

*ambuŋ   PWMP *ambuŋ, proud, haughty. WMP

*ambuq   PWMP *ambuq, high, lofty. WMP

*amen   PAN *amen, 1pl ex oblique. WMP;  PAN *i-amen, 1pl. ex oblique. Formosan WMP

*ameq   PWMP *ameq, 1pl ex oblique. WMP

*ami   PAN *ami, 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we ( exclusive). Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PAN *i-ami, 1pl. excl. nominative, we. Formosan WMP CMP;  PMP *kam-ami, 1pl. excl., we. WMP;  POC *kamami, 1p. excl., we. OC;  PAN *k-ami, 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we ( exclusive). Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PMP *m-ami, 1pl. excl. genitive, our. WMP OC;  PAN *n-ami, 1pl. excl. genitive, our. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG

*amiaŋ   PWMP *amiaŋ, any plant with hairs that sting or cause itchiness. WMP

*amin   PAN *amin, all; finished. Formosan WMP

*ampal   PWMP *ampal, beetle sp.. WMP

*ampaw   PMP *ampaw, empty husk (of rice, etc.). WMP CMP

*ampeRij   PWMP *ampeRij, type of finch, rice bird. WMP

*ampet   PWMP *ampet, stanch the flow, as of blood. WMP

*ampias   PWMP *ampias, wind-driven rain. WMP

*ampik   PWMP *ampik, pat, clap. WMP

*ampin   PWMP *ampin, roll of leaves or cloth. WMP

*ampuk   PWMP *ampuk, scatter, disperse. WMP

*ampun   PMP *ampun, pardon, forgiveness. WMP CMP;  PWMP *maŋ-ampun, pardon, forgive. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-ampun-i, pardon, forgive. WMP;  PWMP *paŋ-ampun-an, forgiveness (?). WMP;  PWMP *ampun-an, pardon, forgiveness. WMP

*amu   PAN *amu, 2pl. nominative pronoun. Formosan WMP;  PAN *k-amu, 2pl. nominative, you all. Formosan;  PMP *kamu₂, 2pl. nominative, you all. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PAN *n-amu, 2pl. genitive, your, by you. Formosan;  PAN *kamu-yu, 2pl. nominative, you all. Formosan;  PMP *kamu-yu, 2pl. nominative and genitive; you all, your. WMP;  PCEMP *kamiu, 2pl. nominate and genitive; you all, your. CMP OC

*amuluŋ   PPH *amuluŋ, type of wild vine used to blacken the teeth. WMP

*amuma   PPH *amuma, to entertain guests, look after visitors. WMP

*-an   PAN *-an, verbal suffix marking locative voice; nominal suffix marking location. Formosan WMP OC

*-ana   POC *-ana, attributive suffix. OC

*anabu   PWMP *anabu, shrub or small tree: Abroma augusta L.. WMP

*anad   PPH *anad, accustomed to, skilled at, used to. WMP;  PPH *ma-anad, (gloss uncertain). WMP

*anaduq   PMP *anaduq, long (of objects). WMP CMP

*anam   PPH *anam, a plant: Glochidion spp.. WMP

*ananay₁   PPH *ananay₁, exclamation of pain; ouch!. WMP

*ananay₂   PPH *ananay₂, go or do something slowly, take one’s time. WMP

*anaŋ   PWMP *anaŋ, dehortatory exclamation. WMP

*anapiŋ   PWMP *anapiŋ, cheek. WMP

*anayup   PPH *anayup, beautyberry: Callicarpa spp.. WMP

*andap   PWMP *andap, phosphorescent centipede (?). WMP

*anduŋ   PMP *anduŋ, ancestors. WMP CMP

*aniŋal   PMP *aniŋal, echo. WMP CMP

*anipa   PMP *anipa, large snake sp.. WMP CMP

*ansaw   PWMP *ansaw, roam about. WMP

*antábay   PPh *antábay, stay with, accompany. WMP

*antad   PPH *antad, open, spacious. WMP

*antap   PPh *antap, guess, suspect. WMP

*anteŋ   PWMP *anteŋ, still, calm, quiet. WMP

*ántiŋ   PPh *ántiŋ, hear at a distance. WMP

*anzak   PWMP *anzak, stamp the feet. WMP

*aNak   PAN *aNak, child, offspring; son, daughter; interest on a loan. Formosan;  PMP *anak, child, offspring; son, daughter; brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking); young animal or plant; young; small (for its kind); dependent or component part of something larger; native, resident, inhabitant; interest on a loan. WMP CMP;  PWMP *a-anak-an, doll. WMP;  PAN *aN-aNak, child. Formosan;  PMP *an-anak, child. WMP CMP;  PWMP *daŋ-sa-anak, relatives. WMP;  PPh *hin-anak-an, child. WMP;  PPH *i-anak, give birth. WMP;  PMP *ka-anak, have a child. WMP CMP;  PAN *ma-anak, (gloss uncertain). Formosan;  PMP *ma-anak, child. WMP;  PWMP *maka-anak, consider as one's child. WMP;  PWMP *mampaR-anak aken, give birth to. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-anak, give birth. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-anak-i, child. WMP;  PMP *maR-anak, give birth; have a child. WMP CMP;  PAN *maRe-anak, parent and child. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *pa-anak-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *paŋ-anak, smaller thing of a pair (?). WMP;  PWMP *paR-anak, act of giving birth (?). WMP;  PWMP *paR-anak-an, womb, uterus; birth canal. WMP;  PWMP *sa-anak, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PPh *saŋa-anak, litter, brood. WMP;  PWMP *um-anak, give birth, bear a child. WMP;  PWMP *ka-anak-an, time of birth (?). WMP;  PWMP *kam-anak-en, nephew, niece. WMP;  PWMP *anak-an, give birth. WMP;  PWMP *anak-en, brother's child (man speaking), sister's child (woman speaking). WMP;  PWMP *anak anak, small child. WMP;  PWMP *anak anak-an, doll (?). WMP;  PMP *anak apij, twin. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak bahi, anak babahi, anak binahi, wife-taking lineage. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak buaq, relative (?). WMP CMP;  PWMP *anak daRa, maiden, virgin, girl of marriageable age. WMP;  PMP *anak ma-Ruqanay, anak (la)laki, wife-giving lineage. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak a ma-iRaq, neonate (lit. 'red child'). WMP CMP;  PMP *anak a qulu, first-born, eldest child (lit. 'head child'). WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i banua, fellow villager, fellow community-member. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i batu, small stones, gravel. WMP CMP;  PWMP *anak i hapuy, sparks of fire. WMP;  PWMP *anak i haRezan, step or rung of a ladder. WMP;  PMP *anak i kahiw, young tree, sprout. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i lesuŋ, rice pestle. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i lima, little finger, pinkie. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i manuk, chick, baby chicken. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i mata, pupil of the eye. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i panaq, arrow. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i qaRta, slave (?). WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i sumpit, blowpipe dart. WMP CMP;  PMP *anak i tau, someone else's child. WMP CMP;  PPH *taR-anak, child. WMP

*aNay   PAN *aNay, insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant. Formosan WMP CMP;  POC *ane, insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant. OC;  PPh *ma-anay, termite-infested. WMP;  PWMP *anay-en, eaten by termites, damaged by termites. WMP

*añam   PMP *añam, plait (mats, baskets, etc.). WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *ma-añam, plait, weave (mats, baskets). WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-añam, plait, weave (mats, baskets). WMP;  PWMP *añam-en, plait. WMP

*añem   PMP *añem, plait, braid. WMP CMP

*añuliŋ   PMP *añuliŋ, a fruit-bearing plant: Pisonia umbellifera. WMP CMP OC

*áŋal   PPh *áŋal, to complain, argue back. WMP

*aŋaŋ   PPH *aŋaŋ, large earthenware jar. WMP

*aŋaq   PMP *aŋaq, open the mouth wide. WMP CMP

*aŋas   PPH *aŋas, face, countenance. WMP

*aŋat   PWMP *aŋat, to challenge, confront. WMP

*aŋay   PAN *aŋay, departure (?). Formosan WMP;  PAN *um-aŋay, to leave, depart (?). Formosan WMP

*aŋáy   PPH *aŋáy, to fit, match, be suitable. WMP

*aŋ(e)cej   PWMP *aŋ(e)cej, stench of sweaty armpits. WMP

*aŋ(e)ceŋ   PWMP *aŋ(e)ceŋ, stench of sweaty armpits. WMP

*aŋ(e)hud   PWMP *aŋ(e)hud, young. WMP

*aŋ(e)lem   PMP *aŋ(e)lem, stench. WMP;  POC *aŋom, stench. OC

*aŋ(ə)tad   PPH *aŋ(ə)tad, in the line of sight, clearly visible. WMP

*aŋi₁   PWMP *aŋi₁, aroma. WMP

*aŋi₂   POC *aŋi₂, sharp. OC

*aŋkás   PPH *aŋkás, to ride together with someone else, ride tandem. WMP

*aŋkat   PWMP *aŋkat, lift, raise, pick up. WMP;  PWMP *ka-aŋkat, moveable (?). WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-aŋkat, lift, raise, carry. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-aŋkat-aŋkat, lift, elevate. WMP;  PWMP *maR-aŋkat, lift, raise, pick up. WMP;  PWMP *pa-aŋkat, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *paŋ-aŋkat, lift. WMP;  PWMP *taR-aŋkat, lift, raise, pick up. WMP;  PWMP *aŋkat-an, lift, raise up. WMP;  PWMP *aŋkat aŋkat, hold up, keep aloft. WMP

*aŋkeb   PWMP *aŋkeb, cover. WMP

*aŋkub   PMP *aŋkub, cover. WMP;  POC *akup, cover. OC

*aŋkup   PMP *aŋkup₁, scoop up with both hands; a double handful. WMP;  POC *agup, pick up with both hands. OC

*aŋo   POC *aŋo, turmeric: Curcuma longa. OC;  POC *aŋo-aŋo-ana, yellow. OC

*aŋu aŋu   PWMP *aŋu aŋu, silly, senile, doting. WMP

*aŋusu   POC *aŋusu, to spit; spittle. OC

*apa₁   PMP *apa₁, what?. WMP CMP OC;  PWMP *maŋ-apa, why?. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-apa-i, do something to someone. WMP;  PMP *apa-i, what? which?. WMP CMP;  PMP *apa apa, something; anything; everything. WMP CMP OC;  PWMP *NEG + apa apa, nothing. WMP

*apa₂   PAN *apa₂, carry on the back. Formosan

*apaqpaq   PWMP *apaqpaq, armpit, crotch. WMP

*apat   PPH *apat, lie in wait, set an ambush in hunting game. WMP

*apatut   PPH *apatut, small tree, probably Morinda citrifolia Linn.. WMP

*aped   PWMP *aped, hindrance, obstacle. WMP

*ap(e)lag   PPH *ap(e)lag, lying flat (of something that is usually upright, or in some other position). WMP

*apeled   PMP *apeled, taste of unripe banana; slightly bitter or astringent taste. WMP CMP

*ap(e)rus   PPH *ap(e)rus, to touch someone lightly, rub the back. WMP

*apid₁   PWMP *apid₁, braid. WMP

*apid₂   PWMP *apid₂, lie in stacks, one on top of the other. WMP

*apiŋ   PPH *apiŋ, cheek. WMP

*apiRit   PWMP *apiRit, type of finch, rice bird. WMP

*apis   PWMP *apis, kind of rattan. WMP

*apu   PAN *apu, grandparent/ grandchild (reciprocal). Formosan;  PMP *ampu, grandparent/ grandchild (reciprocal). WMP CMP;  POC *abu, grandparent. OC;  PPh *in-apu, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PPh *ka-apu-an, descendants. WMP;  PPh *maŋa-apu, ancestors. WMP;  PMP *pa-ampu, grandparent, possibly vocative. WMP;  POC *pa-abu, grandfather. OC;  PPh *paŋ-apu, descendants (?). WMP;  PEMP *t-ampu, grandparent/ grandchild (reciprocal). SHWNG;  POC *t-abu, grandparent/ grandchild (reciprocal). OC;  PPh *apu-en, regard as a grandparent or grandchild (?). WMP;  PPh *apu-q, grandparent, ancestor, lord, master, owner (voc.). WMP;  PPh *apu apu, forefathers, ancestors. WMP

*apuk   PMP *apuk, dust. WMP OC

*apuni   PMP *apuni, tree fern. WMP CMP

*apuŋ   PMP *apuŋ, float. WMP CMP;  PMP *apuŋ apuŋ, float. WMP OC

*apuR   PAN *apuR, betel chew. Formosan WMP

*apúy   PPh *apúy, break out in boils. WMP

*aqa   PWMP *aqa, negative marker: no, not. WMP

*aqedas   PWMP *aqedas, plant with sharp leaves. WMP

*aráy   PPH *aráy, exclamation of pain. WMP

*aren   PMP *aren, class="findlink" href="acd-ak_n.htm#nobility">nobility, member of the chiefly class. WMP CMP

*ari   PWMP *ari, come, toward the speaker. WMP;  PWMP *um-ari, to come. WMP CMP

*aRak   PMP *aRak, walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other. WMP CMP;  PWMP *in-aRak, one who is led, one who is conducted. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-aRak, walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other. WMP;  PWMP *maR-aRak, line up one behind the other. WMP;  PWMP *aRak-aRak, walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other. WMP

*aRama   PPH *aRama, kind of large marine crab. WMP

*aRani   PWMP *aRani, harvest; to harvest. WMP

*aResam   PMP *aResam, kind of fern. WMP;  POC *asam, kind of fern. OC

*aRi   PAN *aRi, come; toward the speaker; let’s go!. Formosan WMP;  PAN *um-aRi, to come. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG;  POC *maRi, to come; hither. OC

*aRud   PWMP *aRud, scrape, shave (as rattan). WMP

*aRuhu   PMP *aRuhu, a shore tree: Casuarina equisetifolia. WMP SHWNG;  POC *aRu, a shore tree: Casuarina equisetifolia. OC

*asa   PAN *asa₁, one. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG

*asag   PWMP *asag, incite, urge on, stir up. WMP

*asaŋ₁   PWMP *asaŋ₁, mortise and tenon joint. WMP

*asaŋ₂   PAN *asaŋ₃, village. Formosan

*asat   PMP *asat, dry out, become dry. WMP CMP

*asep   PWMP *asep, incense, ritual smoke. WMP

*asi₁   PWMP *asi₁, flesh. WMP

*asi₂   PWMP *asi₂, show off. WMP

*asi₃   PWMP *asi₃, fermented rice. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-asi, make rice wine (?). WMP;  PWMP *in-asi, cooked rice?. WMP

*asih   PWMP *asih, pretend. WMP;  PWMP *asih asih, pretend. WMP

*asio   POC *asio, sneeze. OC

*asu₁   PAN *asu₁, dog. Formosan WMP CMP;  PPh *ka-asu, canine companion. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-asu, hunt with dogs. WMP;  PPh *paŋ-asu, what is hunted (?). WMP

*asu₂   PMP *asu₂, fetch water, scoop up water. WMP CMP OC

*asug   PWMP *asug, shaman in ritual transvestite attire. WMP

*asuk   PMP *asuk, smoke, soot. WMP CMP

*asuntiŋ   PWMP *asuntiŋ, a plant: Cassia sp.. WMP

*asuŋ   PMP *asuŋ, incite, spur to action. WMP CMP

*aSik   PAN *aSik, to sweep, remove trash. Formosan

*atá   PPh *atá, expression, as of displeasure or surprise. WMP

*ata   PAN *ata, 1pl. incl. possessive pronoun: our. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*atáb   PPh *atáb, flood tide. WMP

*atag   PWMP *atag, persist in an endeavor. WMP

*átaŋ   PPh *átaŋ₄, sacrifice to the spirits. WMP

*átaŋ átaŋ   PPh *átaŋ átaŋ, poisonous arthropod. WMP

*ataŋ₁   PWMP *ataŋ₁, block, obstruct; something which separates one area from another. WMP

*ataŋ₂   PWMP *ataŋ₂, carry on a shoulder pole between two people. WMP

*ataŋ₃   PMP *ataŋ₃, cross. WMP CMP

*ataq   PWMP *ataq, unhusked rice grain left among the husked grains. WMP

*ataR   PWMP *ataR, flat, level. WMP

*atek   PCMP *atek, cover, as with a blanket. CMP

*atel   PMP *atel, itch, itchy. WMP CMP

*ateq   PWMP *ateq, 1pl in oblique. WMP

*ati₁   PMP *ati₁, negative marker. WMP CMP OC

*ati₂   PWMP *ati₂, there (distant). WMP

*atimel   PWMP *atimel, bedbug. WMP

*atip   PMP *atip, pinch together. WMP CMP

*atis   PWMP *atis, provoke a fight. WMP

*atu   PMP *atu, away from speaker. WMP OC

*atúbaŋ   PPh *atúbaŋ, to face, confront. WMP

*atuk   PWMP *atuk, smoke. WMP

*atuR   PAN *atuR, stone wall. Formosan WMP

*au₁   PCEMP *au₁, dew. CMP OC

*au₂   PAN *au₂, yes. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*aura   POC *aura, type of wind. OC

*awa   POC *awa, exclamation of surprise. OC

*awaŋ   PMP *awaŋ, atmosphere, space between earth and sky. WMP CMP

*awat₁   PWMP *awat₁, help, assistance. WMP

*awat₂   PPH *awat₂, to separate people who are fighting. WMP

*áway   PPH *áway, to quarrel, argue, fight. WMP

*away₁   PMP *away₁, beckon with the hand. WMP CMP;  POC *awe, to wave. OC

*away₂   PWMP *away₂, face. WMP

*away₃   PWMP *away₃, I don't know!. WMP

*away₄   PWMP *away₄, rattan variety. WMP

*awer   PWMP *awer, rushing of water in a river. WMP

*awi   PWMP *awi, cloth cover. WMP

*aya₁   PAN *aya₁, exclamation of annoyance, surprise, etc.. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*aya₂   PAN *aya₂, (gloss uncertain). Formosan;  PMP *aya₂, father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband. WMP CMP SHWNG OC

*ayak₁   PWMP *ayak₁, follow, walk after. WMP

*ayak₂   PWMP *ayak₂, sift, separate by sifting. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-ayak, to sift. WMP;  PWMP *ayak-an, sieve, strainer. WMP

*ayam   PWMP *ayam, plait, weave. WMP

*ayat   PWMP *ayat, threaten, confront violently. WMP

*ayáw   PPh *ayáw, depart, separate from. WMP

*ayaw   PWMP *ayaw, raid, go headhunting. WMP

*ayud   PWMP *ayud, copulate, have sexual intercourse. WMP

*ayum   PWMP *ayum, block, hinder, obstruct. WMP

*ayun   PWMP *ayun, to swing, oscillate. WMP

*áyun   PPH *áyun, agree with, be in concord with. WMP

*ayuŋ₁   PWMP *ayuŋ₁, monkey sp.. WMP

*ayuŋ₂   PMP *ayuŋ₂, swing, sway, rock. WMP CMP

*áyus   PPH *áyus, to arrange, make something neat or proper. WMP

*ayut   PWMP *ayut, copulate, have sexual intercourse. WMP

*azak   PWMP *azak, summon others to join an activity. WMP

*azuq   PWMP *azuq, term of address to males. WMP