*-s

-sek₁ -sek₂ -sep -seq -siŋ -sir -suD -suk (or *suquk?)

30083

*-sek₁ cram, crowd

PMP	*be(n)sek	overcrowded
PWMP	*dasek	press together, compress
PWMP	*desek	press together, compress
PMP	*hasek	jam, cram, crowd
PMP	*seksek	stuff, cram in
Banjarese	barasak	crammed full
Manggarai	cecek	stuff, fill up
Kankanaey	dinsék	thick, close together, as plants sown thick
Bikol	dusók	compact, compressed, condensed, packed
Tontemboan	isek	press something down to make it more compact
Maranao	lesek	dent, press down
Gorontalo	lutoʔo	pressed together
Kankanaey	mesék	laden with fruit, grain; fruitful
Fijian	oso	narrow, crowded; strait
Manggarai	picek	crowded; narrow; crammed in
Ilokano	pusék	dense, close, crowded together, packed
Tiruray	rasek	press against, crowd
Cebuano	tagsúk	pack elongated things tightly in an upright position
Balinese	tisek	thronged, pushed close together
Tontemboan	wisek	press in well (as tobacco stuffed into a pipe bowl) (also Ngaju Dayak bisek = isek?)
Buginese	wusek	to stuff (as a pillow with kapok)

30084

*-sek₂ insert, stick into a soft surface

PAN	*Cesek	insert, force into a soft surface
PMP	*hasek	dibble, make a hole to sow seeds
PMP	*isek	insert, put in
PWMP	*lesek	press into
PAN	*pasek	wooden pin, stake; wedge; drive in a stake
PMP	*pusek	press in by force
PMP	*usek	press into
Sundanese	belesek	sink into the ground
Manggarai	cicek	slip through a crowd
Manggarai	decek	pierce, stab
Amis	hcek	post, pillar
Buruese	kuse-k	hammer or ram (a piling or pole into the earth); plant (a post) by digging a hole for it
Ilokano	lisék	pierce the heart of an animal (in slaughter)
Kankanaey	ludsék	stick in, fix in, thrust in; insert penis in vagina (Also Pangasinan losefk 'post, pillar')
Manggarai	macek	embed in
Bintulu	nasək	clothing
Kankanaey	padsék	stick in, fix in, thrust in
Ngaju Dayak	pesek	pierced (esp. of ears, nose)
Ilokano	seksék	penetrate to the innermost part
Kenyah	telasek	to join (pieces of wood), to put things into one another
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	telesek	push something into the ground
Gorontalo	wontoʔo	inserted
Lau	ʔoto	pierce, insert

Also PAn *pacek drive in (a nail, post)', Malay cacak 'planting upright, embedding', with root candidate *-cek. PMP *pusek is reconstructed erroneously as *pucek in Blust (1986).

30085

*-sep sip, suck

PAN	*qesep	suck
PWMP	*qisep	suck up
PMP	*sepsep	suck
Amis	hcep	soak up
Amis	hicep	slurp water
SUB(S)	iksep-en	suck
Maranao	sasep	suck
Cebuano	túsup	suck the juice out of something

30086

*-seq wet; wash

PWMP	*baseq	wet; to wash
Javanese	asah	wash dishes for someone
Javanese	isah	to wash (Also Balinese iŋsah 'wash rice')
Malay	sesah	to beat clothes in the wash

-sek₁ -sek₂ -sep -seq -siŋ -sir -suD -suk (or *suquk?)

30087

*-siŋ spin around

PWMP	*gasiŋ	spinning top
Kayan	pasiŋ	spinning, revolving
Dairi-Pakpak Batak	pesiŋ	dizzy
Malay	pusiŋ	rotate (pusiŋ kepala 'vertigo')

30088

*-sir hissing sound

Malay	desir	the hiss of water turning into steam
Toba Batak	disir	to hiss
Nias	isi	to sough, of the wind
Kayan	kesih	singing of water about to boil
Paiwan	qesir	to have a deadened sound (as if bells fell to the ground)
Maranao	sagisir	hiss
Balinese	sirsir	to blow (breeze); hiss
Makassarese	tisiʔ	make a hissing sound with the mouth when eating hot foods, such as chili peppers
Ngadha	usi	sizzle, whistle

-sek₁ -sek₂ -sep -seq -siŋ -sir -suD -suk (or *suquk?)

30089

*-suD budge, move a bit

PMP	*qi(ŋ)suD	shift, budge, move slightly
Malay	aŋsur	a little at a time, in action or motion
Manggarai (West)	hisut	move a little, budge
Bikol	ugsód	push, nudge

30090

*-suk (or *suquk?) insert, penetrate, enter

PMP	*asuk	enter
PMP	*buRsuk	drive or force into
PMP	*masuk	enter
PWMP	*pasuk	enter
PWMP	*ra(ŋ)suk	insert, put or drive in
PMP	*rusuk	pierce, stab
PMP	*suksuk	insert, enter
PWMP	*susuk	prick, pierce
PMP	*tusuk	stab
PMP	*usuk	press into, penetrate
Banggai	bansuk	housepost
Kayan	belasuk	push along, push into
Selaru	bésuk	penetrate (of liquids)
Maranao	bisok	poke, inject; injection
Tagalog	bulúsok	sudden sinking of a foot into soft, deep mud
Manggarai	ducuk	stab, pierce, penetrate
Kamarian	hesu	putting on (of clothes)
Buruese	lusu-h	cause to enter; insert
Kambera	nuhuku	enter (< *-sek?)
Kambera	puhuku	enter (< *-sek?)
Puyuma	RaRsuk	posts of a fence
Puyuma	Resuk	fix a stick or post in the ground
Kankanaey	sóok	enter, penetrate
Cebuano	tagsúk	pierce; plant into but not through (< *-sek?)
Balinese	telusuk	bore a hole in the nose of a draught animal
Hiligaynon	tisúk	stick into (< *-sek?)
Kayan (Uma Juman)	tohuʔ	pierce
Tausug	usuk	pole, post, stake

Also PMP *cukcuk 'skewer'.

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Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) – Trussel (production)
Roots-Index-s