*o   

*o₁ on, onto, in, into

Note:   Also Tongan ʔo-hake ‘take or send up or along’ (cp. hake ‘up, upwards’), ʔo-hifo ‘take or send down’ (cp. hifo ‘down, downwards’). If cognate, the fossilized Tongan affix conflicts with Lakalai o- in indicating an etymon with *q-. However, as noted by Clark (1976), some instances of initial glottal stop in Tongan grammatical morphemes appear to be historically secondary.

*o₂ possessive marker used with inalienable pronouns

Note:   From the examples given it is clear that Eddystone/Mandegusu (Mandegusu) of the Western Solomons uses a system for marking possessive adjectives, or absolute possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, etc.) which is closely similar to that found in many Polynesian languages. Because the systems are generically similar yet differ in many details this agreement cannot plausibly be attributed to borrowing. Within the Polynesian group the o- element of pronominal adjectives contrasts systematically with a- in the familiar semantic opposition of inalienable vs. alienable. Whether *o played a part in signalling such a contrast prior to PPn remains unclear.

*oe interjection or exclamation to call attention

Note:   Also 'Āre'āre oi ‘exclamation of surprise, oh!’.

*oka oka scavenger fish: Lethrinus spp.

Note:   Also Bare'e oka ‘kind of marine fish while it is still small’, Tolai ok ‘fish sp.’, Bwaidoga/Bwaidoka oka ‘fish sp.’.

*oka₁ fog, mist

Note:   Also Bwaidoga/Bwaidoka owa ‘mist, fog’.

*oka₂ house beam

Note:   Also Fijian i coka ‘the tie beams of a house’, Tongan hoka ‘upright piece(s) of timber in the roof of a Tongan house, supporting the ridge-pole’, Samoan soʔa ‘collar beam’. Together the latter items support a PCPac reconstruction *soka. Gilbertese oka may be a loan from a Polynesian language which regularly lost *s-, but it is difficult to see how 'Āre'āre oka, Chuukese woo can be explained in this way.

*oke fog, mist

*ona hit with a spear

Note:   Ifugaw (Batad) ona ‘catch something by a trap; throw something accurately with the object of hitting a mark, as in throwing a spear, a stone’ appears to reflect *kena ‘strike, be struck by’.

*one mend a net

*opi brood, sit on eggs

*ori to scrape, with motion away from body

*oro mountain, hill

Note:   Also Molima ʔoya ‘mountain, hill’, Kilivila koya ‘mountain’, Lau olo ‘to land on the shore’.

*oRo to go; to come

*osi(rR) to moan, groan

Note:   Possibly a chance resemblance.

*oto straight

Note:   Also Lau oto ‘keep straight on’. Tolai ot and Nggela oto point unambiguously to POc *t, but reflexes in the Malaita-Cristobal languages of the Southeast Solomons instead indicate *nt. This item may have referred to linearity of direction rather than physical form.