k

ker ket key kic kin kit kni kno

kava: Piper methysticum

OC
Baluan	kaw	kava: Piper methysticum
Lou	ka	kava: Piper methysticum
Pohnpeian	sa-kau	kava: Piper methysticum; any intoxicating beverage; to be intoxicated, to be drunk
Samoan	ʔava	a shrub (Piper methysticum); kava, a beverage made with the dried and pulverized root of that shrub mixed with water; a cup of kava ceremonially handed to an orator (as distinguished from a cup for a chief)
Tongan	kava	kava: either the plant (Piper methysticum) or the beverage made from its crushed root
Niue	kava	the pepper plant (Piper methysticum); drink made from the bruised roots of the kava; any intoxicating liquor
Rarotongan	kava	bitterness, sourness, etc.; to be bitter, sour or acrid, to be biting to the taste
Maori	kawa	unpleasant to the taste, bitter, sour; a sprig of any tree, or sometimes a small sapling pulled up by the roots, used in certain ceremonies
Hawaiian	ʔawa	the kava (Piper methysticum), a shrub four to twelve feet tall with green jointed stems and heart-shaped leaves, native to Pacific islands, the root being the source of a narcotic drink of the same name used in ceremonies

As argued by Lebot et al. (1997), the kava plant is a product of human cultivation and refinement which probably began in Vanuatu and then spread into other parts of the Pacific after the arrival of Austronesian speakers. It’s distribution remains scattered except in Polynesian-Fiji, where it is almost universal.

ker ket key kic kin kit kni kno

(Dempwolff: *kuluk ‘head covering’)

kerchief: head covering, kerchief, headcloth

WMP
Tagalog	taŋ-kulok	raincoat
Mapun	kōk ~ ta-kōk	head of person or animal; leader of a group
Ngaju Dayak	kolok ~ ta-kolok	head; a knob, button, etc. as decoration on a staff, etc.
Malay	təŋ-kolok	head-wrapper; kerchief; headcloth
Toba Batak	tahuluk	cap, kind of head covering (said to be from Malay)
Minangkabau	tiŋ-kuluk	headcloth worn by women; it is of the nature of a wrapper, and provides the long pendent ends that are seen hanging behind the large payakombo headdress worn on gala occasions
Javanese	kuluk	crown; fez-like headdress worn by palace retainers on formal occasions

Borrowing from Malay. Dempwolff (1938) reconstructed *kuluk ‘head covering’.

kettle

WMP
Sambal (Botolan)	takoríʔ	tea kettle
Tagalog	takúriʔ	tea kettle
Bikol	takurí	teapot, kettle
Cebuano	takúriʔ	kettle

Borrowing from Tagalog.

key

WMP
Ilokano	liábe	key; monkey wrench; pliers
Agutaynen	liabi	key
	liabi-an	to unlock something with a key

Borrowing of Spanish llave ‘key, spanner, tap, faucet’.

key

WMP
Ilokano	yábe	wrench
Cebuano	yábi	key for a lock or for a winding mechanism
Mansaka	yabi	key

From Spanish llave ‘key’.

ker ket key kic kin kit kni kno

(Dempwolff: *sipak ‘kick’)

kick

WMP
Ilokano	sípa	hacky sack: a kind of boys’ game that consists of standing in a circle and kicking up a small, light ball, keeping it in the air as long as possible
	ag-sípa	to play this game
	sipá-en	to kick
Tagalog	sípaɁ	a kick; a striking with the foot; a game using a rattan ball and consisting of an exchange of kicks to keep the ball aloft
	máni-nípaɁ	a kicker (said of horses that are prone to kick)
	sipáɁ-in	to kick
Maranao	sipaɁ	rattan ball; game in which rattan ball is used; to kick
Ngaju Dayak	sepak	a rattan ball about the size of a coconut; one throws it in the air, and then in competition must try to keep it aloft with either hands or feet, not letting it touch the ground
Malagasy	vua-tsípaka	kicked at
	ma-nípaka	to kick
	tsipáh-ina	to be kicked
Iban	sipak	kick up in the air
Malay	sepak	striking out with the leg; kicking aside; spurning out of the way
	sepak raga	game of kicking a basketball with the side of the foot
Bahasa Indonesia	sepak	kick (forward or to the side)
	sepak raga	a game played with a ball woven of rattan, using the foot and head (to keep it aloft)
Sundanese	sepak	a backward kick (as of a horse)
	ñepak	kick backward with the foot or leg
Old Javanese	a-sepak	to kick (esp. with the hind legs, of a horse)
Javanese	sépak-an	that which is kicked
	ñépak	to kick
	sépak bola, sépak raga	soccer game
Balinese	sépak	to kick (of man or horse)

This comparison is a particularly striking example of a widespread Malay loanword that has acquired cognate morphology in such widely separated languages as Ilokano, Tagalog and Malagasy, and could easily be mistaken for a native word if irregularities in the sound correspondences did not expose its historically secondary status. Based on data from Javanese, Malay, Ngaju Dayak the clearly irregular Malagasy form, and Fijian sevaki Dempwolff (1938) reconstructed *sipak ‘kick’.

kind of lance

WMP
Tagalog	sulígiɁ	dart; a small spear or lance
Malay	səligi	wooden dart or javelin; sometimes a light strip of bamboo sharpened at both ends for use as a caltrop or in catching crocodiles; sometimes a heavy wooden javelin with a hardwood point
Toba Batak	suligi	bamboo lance
Minangkabau	suligi	wooden dart or javelin
Old Javanese	suligi	a kind of spear, javelin
	a-nuligi	to throw the suligi
Sasak	səligi	lance made of areca wood

Borrowing from Malay.

kite

WMP
Casiguran Dumagat	buladór	kite
Tagalog	buladór	kind of kite; skyrocket; small-scaled flying fish
Aklanon	buladór	kite
Hiligaynon	buladúr	kite

Borrowing of Spanish volador

kite (type)

WMP
Ilokano	sapi-sápi	kind of triangular kite
Tagalog	sapi-sápiɁ	a type of kite
Bikol	sapí-sápi	kite (American; ordinary kite with a tail)
Chamorro	sapi-sapi	type of kite

The Chamorro word was borrowed from a Philippine language, presumably during the Spanish colonial period.

ker ket key kic kin kit kni kno

knife: machete, bush knife

WMP
Kapampangan	pálaŋ	bolo
Tagalog	paláŋ	flat-nosed bolo
Melanau (Mukah)	paraŋ	bush-knife, machete
Ngaju Dayak	paraŋ	saw of a sawfish
Iban	paraŋ	large knife, chopper
Malay	paraŋ	cleaver, machete; to chop
	paraŋ-an	swordfish
Toba Batak	paraŋ	machete, bush knife
Sundanese	paraŋ	machete
CMP
Rembong	paraŋ	machete

The Philippine forms and many others (Melanau (Mukah), Toba Batak, Rembong, possibly Ngaju Dayak) appear to be loans from Malay. Maranao paraŋ 'hand trowel, weeding tool' is assumed to be a semantically altered loan or a chance resemblance.

knowledgeable: learned knowledgeable

WMP
Tagalog	pahám	a very learned person; a genius; very learned; erudite
Malay	paham	to understand; to be versed in
	kuraŋ paham	ignorance
Javanese	paham	body of knowledge or thought; doctrine; -ism; to understand, be knowledgeable
Muna	fahamu	understand, grasp

Borrowing from Malay, ultimately from Arabic.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y

Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) – Trussel (production)
Loans-Index-k