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Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Words
(click on a *proto-form for its set)
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ ŋ o p q r s t u v w x y z ʔ
i, i: ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in iŋ io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz iʔ iAklanon(WMP) classic noun prefix used to show locations PAN *i₂ i-Aklanon(WMP) prefix for future and command verb forms in the instrumental focus PMP *i- iAmis(Formosan) grammatical particle indicating place PAN *i₂ iAndra(OC) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ -iAnejom(OC) construct suffix: of (inja era-i pikad ‘blood of a pig’ [blood passive.possessive-construct suffix pig] PAN *ni iAnsus(SHWNG) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ i'Āre'āre(OC) locative preposition: in, to, at, on; always used before names of places, and with words denoting time and direction PAN *i₂ iArosi(OC) exclamation of disgust PAN *i₁ i-Arosi(OC) instrumental prefix PMP *i- iAtayal(Formosan) prefix for persons PAN *i₃ -iAtayal(Formosan) suffix forming first passive negatable indicative and imperative from the reduced stem PAN *-i₁ iBalantak(WMP) personal article PAN *i₃ iBalinese(WMP) a particle which makes nouns refer to definite persons PAN *i₃ iBare'e(WMP) particle used before names of places and times PAN *i₂ iBare'e(WMP) genitive marker (before personal names) PMP *qi₂ iBanggai(WMP) generic prefix of location PAN *i₂ iBanggai(WMP) personal article PAN *i₃ -iBikol(WMP) alternant command suffix for verbs taking -an in the infinitive: taʔw-an mo siya or taʔw-i siya 'give him some' PAN *-i₁ i-Bikol(WMP) verbal affix, instrumental, infinitive-command form PMP *i- ʔi-Bontok(WMP) a derivational prefix generally attached to locational words and meaning a person from that location PMP *hi- iBugotu(OC) locative preposition; at, from PAN *i₂ iBugotu(OC) personal article, seen in prefix to personal pronouns PAN *i₃ iBugotu(OC) genitive marker indicating non-specific possession PMP *qi₂ i-Bugotu(OC) instrumental prefix to nouns PMP *i- iBuli(SHWNG) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iCebuano(WMP) expression uttered upon making an error or inadvertently breaking something; exclamation expressing surprise; particle expressing disgust PAN *i₁ iCebuano(WMP) prefix added to roots referring to a place or direction to form nouns meaning "place of (so-and-so)" PAN *i₂ i-Cebuano(WMP) instrumental passive verb affix, future PMP *i- iDusner(SHWNG) 3sg., he/she PAN *ia₁ -iFijian(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ iFijian(OC) marker of the genitive for inalienable possession PMP *qi₂ i-Fijian(OC) a noun preformative added to verbal roots, sometimes with reduplications. It indicates (1) the instrument of an action; (2) the scene of the action, (3) the result of an action, (4) the method of an action, (5) the actor, (6) the person or thing acted on PMP *i- iFordata(CMP) prefix to numerals in counting (used with 1-9) PCEMP *i₄ iGedaged(OC) 3sg. and pl. PAN *ia₁ iGedaged(OC) exclamation: whew! ugh! PAN *i₁ iGilbertese(OC) exclamation of pleasure, pain, or disgust PAN *i₁ i-Gilbertese(OC) prefix to names of places or categories. It designates persons originating or living in those places, or members of these categories PMP *hi- iHawaiian(OC) particle and clitic preceding substantives and marking direct and indirect objects, with additional meanings: to, at, in, on, by, because of, due to, by means of ... while, at the time that, when PAN *i₂ -iHiligaynon(WMP) imperative benefactive-locative focus suffix PAN *-i₁ i-Hiligaynon(WMP) general proposed action instrumental affix PMP *i- i-Ifugaw(WMP) prefix of names of places. Indicates the person or the people who inhabit the village, the site, the region, the zone which bears a name known by all those who live there PMP *hi- iIrarutu(SHWNG) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ ʔiIsinay(WMP) oblique case marker for singular personal nouns PMP *ki₂ₐ iIsneg(WMP) the nominative and accusative of the personal article PAN *i₃ iItawis(WMP) personal singular nominative and genitive particle PAN *i₃ iItawis(WMP) personal singular nominative and genitive particle PMP *qi₂ iJavanese(WMP) exclamation of pain or fear PAN *i₁ iKamarian(CMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iKambera(CMP) shriek of pain PAN *i₁ iKambera(CMP) personal article, used with proper names or words that function as proper names PAN *i₃ iKaniet(OC) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ i-Kankanaey(WMP) prefix with a few adverbs of time, and with names of towns or countries to indicate the people whose town or country of origin they are PMP *hi- iʔKapampangan(WMP) urine PMP *ihiq iKaro Batak(WMP) generic prefix of location PAN *i₂ iKaro Batak(WMP) genitive particle (used before personal names) PMP *qi₂ iKavalan(Formosan) interrogative particle, as in q<m>am ti isu i (eat.av-pm-2s-ip) ‘Have you eaten yet?’ PAN *qa₂ iKei(CMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iKei(CMP) this, these PMP *ia₂ iKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iKwara'ae(OC) marker of the genitive for inalienable possession PMP *qi₂ iLau(OC) locative preposition, at (used before names of place, position, time) PAN *i₂ -iLau(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ i-Lau(OC) instrumental prefix PMP *i- -iLauje(WMP) undergoer-oriented imperative: ugas-i 'do the dishes!' PAN *-i₁ -iLoniu(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ iMalagasy(WMP) prefix used to make a noun into a preposition (e.g. maso 'eye', i-maso 'before the eyes', voho 'the back', i-voho 'at the back of') PAN *i₂ iMalagasy(WMP) personal article, generally joined to words making a proper noun PAN *i₃ i-Malagasy(WMP) a prefix used before names of places, tribes PMP *hi- -iMalay(WMP) verbal suffix used together with the prefix meŋ-. This affix has various functions, including iterative and allative (Macdonald and Soenjono 1967:90ff). Ex: petani itu me-nanam-kan padi di ladaŋ-ña 'the farmer planted rice in his field' vs. petani itu me-nanam-i ladaŋ-ña deŋan padi 'the farmer planted his field with rice' PMP *-i₂ iMaori(OC) used with local nouns to form complex prepositions PAN *i₂ iMarau₁(SHWNG) 3sg., he/she PAN *ia₁ iMerlav(OC) numeral prefix (used only with 2-4) PCEMP *i₄ iManggarai(CMP) exclamation of longing, surprise, dismay (much used by women) PAN *i₁ iMolima(OC) prefix to locatives PAN *i₂ iMota(OC) exclamation of excitement or refusal PAN *i₁ iMota(OC) personal article, making a noun into a proper name PAN *i₃ iMota(OC) exclamation; 1. of excitement, 2. of refusal PMP *qi₁ i-Mota(OC) instrumental prefix PMP *i- -iMotu(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ i-Motu(OC) instrumental prefix (daro-a 'sweep', i-daro 'broom', budu-a 'bore a hole', i-budu 'boring instrument', etc.) PMP *i- iMunggui(SHWNG) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ iLakalai(OC) prefix to numbers in counting PCEMP *i₄ -iNali(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ iNamakir(OC) numeral prefix (used only with 2-5) PCEMP *i₄ iNgadha(CMP) interjection of fear, etc. PAN *i₁ iNggela(OC) a prefix or article with nouns of place and time PAN *i₂ -iNggela(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ iNiue(OC) preposition: in, at, from PAN *i₂ iNumfor(SHWNG) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iNumfor(SHWNG) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ iOld Javanese(WMP) particle with a prepositional function before nouns: in, on, by, through, with PAN *i₂ i-Old Javanese(WMP) particle with a prepositional function before nouns, often combined with the definite particle ŋ to iŋ. Occurs before nouns which in the sentence function as grammatical object (esp. before place-names) PMP *hi- iPaiwan(Formosan) interjection of wonder or amazement PAN *i₁ iPaiwan(Formosan) be at, be in PAN *i₂ iPaiwan(Formosan) appositional particle for personal names and pronouns PAN *i₃ ʔiPalawan Batak(WMP) of (preposition) PMP *qi₂ *iPMic(OC) prefix of time or place PAN *i₂ *-iPMic(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ iPonam(OC) he. she PAN *ia₁ iRennellese(OC) locative and temporal preposition: in, at, on, from, when, while PAN *i₂ i-Rennellese(OC) causative, instrumental, locative, ablative, and temporal preposition, and causative conjunction PMP *i- īRotuman(OC) bewail, fret about PMP *iqi -iSa'a(OC) transitive suffix PMP *-i₂ i-Sa'a(OC) instrumental prefix forming noun from verb PMP *i- iSamoan(OC) particle denoting position in space or time PAN *i₂ ʔīSamoan(OC) squeal, yell PMP *kik ʔi-Samoan(OC) particle denoting direction or movement in space or time; to, in the direction of; cause or reason why an action or process is carried out: because, on account of; means or instrument by which a process or action is carried out POC *ki₁ ʔiSamoan(OC) particle denoting direction or movement in space or time: to, in the direction of; also occurs before the object in second construction bases (used before common bases only; for proper bases (including pronouns) cf. ʔiā and ʔiate PMP *ki₂ₐ iSangir(WMP) personal article, marking personal names and kinship terms PAN *i₃ iSio(OC) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ iTaba(SHWNG) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ i-Tagalog(WMP) marker of instrumental focus verbs (formed by prefixing i- to an instrumental adjective: Schachter and Otanes 1972: 319) PMP *i- iTigak(OC) genitive marker (before proper nouns and kinship nouns) PMP *qi₂ iToba Batak(WMP) exclamation of wonder PAN *i₁ -iToba Batak(WMP) verbal suffix used together with the prefix maŋ-. "This is a variant of the preposition di ... but as a suffix, it has broader meaning: it stands for the prepositions from, along, about, over, before, with, on, and to, and in this way relates the object to the verb" (van der Tuuk 1971:98) PMP *-i₂ iToba Batak(WMP) marker of the genitive, especially common before personal names (van der Tuuk 1971:302) PMP *qi₂ iTolai(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iTolai(OC) genitive particle and preposition; of; a part of (before human nouns) PMP *qi₂ īTongan(OC) fan POC *irir ʔiTongan(OC) genitive marker PMP *qi₂ iTontemboan(WMP) genitive marker PMP *qi₂ iV'ënen Taut(OC) numeral prefix (used only with 2-9) PCEMP *i₄ iWandamen(SHWNG) 3sg., he/she PAN *ia₁ iWoi(SHWNG) 3sg., s/he PAN *ia₁ -iWolio(WMP) verbal suffix. "Stems with suffix -i are all transitive. The suffix denotes a relation to the object. This relation is best described as local" (Anceaux 1952:21) PMP *-i₂ i, ʔiTongan(OC) preposition: at, on, in, than, etc. PAN *i₂ -i, -iaRoviana(OC) forms of the objective suffix POC *-ia i:rawGaddang(WMP) snake PPH *idau iáAklanon(WMP) here (near the speaker) PMP *ia₂ iʔa'Āre'āre(OC) fish (generic) PEMP *ikan iaArosi(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iʔaArosi(OC) fish PEMP *ikan iaAs(SHWNG) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ -iaAua(OC) imperative suffix: inu 'drink', inum-ia 'drink it!'; maʔa 'see, look', maʔa-ia 'look at it!'; uʔu 'submerge a container to fill it', uʔuf-ia 'fill it!' POC *-ia iaBalinese(WMP) 3sg. and pl. PAN *ia₁ iaBare'e(WMP) place of residence PAN *ian₂ iaBare'e(WMP) an exclamation of impatience used to spur on someone who is dawdling PAN *qia iaBimanese(CMP) exclamation expressing agreement PAN *qia iaMongondow(WMP) exclamation PAN *qia iaBunun(Formosan) exclamation PAN *qia iaFordata(CMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaGilbertese(OC) where? (interrog.) POC *pia iaGilbertese(OC) grey or greying hair PMP *quban iaGilbertese(OC) tide, flow, flux, ebb POC *Ruap -iaGitua(OC) verb suffix, apparently related to definiteness of subject POC *-ia iaHawaiian(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iʔaHawaiian(OC) fish or any marine animal, as eel, oyster, crab, whale; meat or any flesh food PEMP *ikan íaHiligaynon(WMP) 3sg. pre-position source pronoun PAN *ia₁ iáHiligaynon(WMP) specifier distinguishing particle used before or after a deictic, noun, or pronoun chosen to be emphasized PAN *qia iaHula(OC) we (incl.) PAN *k-ita iaIban(WMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaIban(WMP) expressing surprise PAN *qia iaItbayaten(WMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaJavanese(WMP) yes; it is emphatically the case that; at end of predicate: enlivens predicate or invites agreement PAN *qia iaKaro Batak(WMP) 3sg. and pl. PAN *ia₁ iaKaro Batak(WMP) exclamation of joyous surprise PAN *qia iaʔKayan(WMP) exclamation, "Isn't that so!" PAN *qia iaKenyah(WMP) 3sg. subject and object PAN *ia₁ iaPokau(OC) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ iaLamaholot(CMP) here PMP *ia₂ iaLampung(WMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ īaLau(OC) belly PMP *tian iaLonwolwol(OC) thus, in this or that way PMP *ia₂ iaMakassarese(WMP) 3sg. and pl. PAN *ia₁ iaMakassarese(WMP) demonstrative (postnominal), that PMP *ia₂ iaMalay(WMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ -iaMaori(OC) passive imperative (Biggs 1973:60ff) POC *-ia iaMaori(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaMaori(OC) demonstrative pronoun: that, the said PMP *ia₂ iaManggarai(CMP) exclamation: come on!; yes, thank God (also said in irony) PAN *qia iaMinyaifuin(SHWNG) 3sg., he/she PAN *ia₁ iaMalay (Sarawak)(WMP) that PMP *ia₂ iaMokilese(OC) where?, which? POC *pia iaMorella(CMP) good PMP *pia₂ iaMota(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaMotu(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaMotu(OC) exclamation of dissent or disapproval PAN *qia iaMussau(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaLakalai(OC) interrogative used at the end of phrase or sentence to indicate question similar to French "N'est-ce pas?" PMP *ias₁ iaLakalai(OC) mild affirmative indicating that one has understood something just said PAN *qia iaNiue(OC) demonstrative: that, those (referring to something already mentioned) PMP *ia₂ iaOnin(CMP) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ iaPohnpeian(OC) where? what? POC *pia iaʔRembong(CMP) over there PMP *ieq iaRembong(CMP) exclamation: yes! come on!; exclamation or interjection to drive off a wild pig PAN *qia -iaRennellese(OC) passive or transitive suffix POC *-ia iaRennellese(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaRennellese(OC) demonstrative: this, that, there, another, different PMP *ia₂ ʔiaRennellese(OC) exclamation: here! here it is! take it now! PAN *qia iaRotinese(CMP) this PMP *ia₂ iaRotuman(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iʔaRotuman(OC) fish: including also turtles, whales, alligators, etc., but not crabs, shellfish, etc. PEMP *ikan iaSaliba(OC) he. she PAN *ia₁ iaʔSamal(WMP) feeling of shame PMP *heyaq -iaSamoan(OC) transitive suffix POC *-ia iaSamoan(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaSamoan(OC) demonstrative pronoun (post-basic): these, those PMP *ia₂ iaSamoan(OC) post-basic particle in the emphatic effect PAN *qia iʔaSamoan(OC) fish (incl. turtles and whales) PEMP *ikan iaSasak(WMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaʔSasak(WMP) this PMP *ieq iaSasak(WMP) exactly because; that's it precisely! PAN *qia iaSeimat(OC) where? POC *pia iaSelaru(CMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaSika(CMP) exclamation inviting confirmation by the hearer PAN *qia iaSimalur(WMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaSuau(OC) 3sg., he/she PAN *ia₁ iaTabar(OC) fish PEMP *ikan iaTae'(WMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iaʔTae'(WMP) count, calculate PMP *ihap iaTae'(WMP) that then, exactly that PAN *qia iaTolai(OC) there PMP *ia₂ iaTongan(OC) 3sg. and pl. PAN *ia₁ iaTongan(OC) demonstrative pronoun: that, those PMP *ia₂ iaTongan(OC) particle of emphasis or rhythm PAN *qia iaTorau(OC) he. she PAN *ia₁ iaWahai(CMP) good PMP *pia₂ iaWaiyewa(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iaWaropen(SHWNG) brown fish PSHWNG *iap īaWetan(CMP) yes, amen PAN *qia iaWolio(WMP) yes! PAN *qia -iaWuvulu(OC) imperative suffix: inu 'drink', inum-ia 'drink it!'; maʔa 'see, look', maʔa-ia 'look at it!'; uʔu 'submerge a container to fill it', uʔuf-ia 'fill it!' POC *-ia ʔiaWuvulu(OC) pregnant PMP *tian ia, kē-iaHawaiian(OC) this PMP *ia₂ ia ani, ia eniBugotu(OC) demonstrative pronoun: this, here; follows a noun PMP *ia₂ i-abótBikol(WMP) to pass something (as to pass the salt) PPH *i-qábut i-abotIbaloy(WMP) accessory, to arrive with something PPH *i-qábut i-abótTagalog(WMP) to hand something to another PPH *qábut i-abótTagalog(WMP) to hand something to another PPH *i-qábut ʔi-abúyuBontok(WMP) to boil for an extended period, of sugarcane juice in the preparation of sugarcane wine PPH *abuyu ʔiadzoManam(OC) outrigger boom POC *kiajo iafBuli(SHWNG) brown fish PSHWNG *iap iafOnin(CMP) count PMP *ihap iafSekar(CMP) count PMP *ihap īagIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) to shout yəhə əy in a long drawn out fashion by many people at a dance PMP *iag íagIfugaw(WMP) shout some words to call people; a loud cry to give vent to one's excitement or contentment PMP *iag iahKayan(WMP) interrogative particle, sentence final PMP *ias₁ iahKayan(WMP) maggot PWMP *ias₂ i aiAnuta(OC) with whom? PMP *sai i-aiDohoi(WMP) who? PMP *i-sai iaiGilbertese(OC) there, here PMP *iaqi i-aiLamboya(CMP) who? PMP *i-sai i-aiOnin(CMP) 1sg., I PAN *i-aku *iaʔiPMin(WMP) this PMP *iaqi i-aiTigak(OC) tree POC *kayu iaiWaropen(SHWNG) that (of things) PMP *iaqi íakBikol(WMP) cry out or shout PMP *iak íakCebuano(WMP) chirp, cheep PMP *iak iakMalay(WMP) to whine PMP *iag iakMalay(WMP) to whine PMP *iak iakManggarai(CMP) cry of children playing hide-and-seek PMP *iag iakManggarai(CMP) cry of children playing hide-and-seek PMP *iak iʔa(k)Rotinese(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iákTagalog(WMP) cry (with tears), sob PMP *iak i-akaTarakan(WMP) elder sibling PWMP *aka íak-íakCebuano(WMP) kind of bird, the barred graybird: Coracina striata PMP *iak ʔiakoHawaiian(OC) outrigger boom POC *kiajo i-akuBanggai(WMP) 1sg. nominative pronoun: I PAN *aku i-akuWolio(WMP) 1sg.: I, me PAN *i-aku iaḷMarshallese(OC) road; path; street; way; itinerary; journey; lane; route; transportation POC *jalan ia-laTorau(OC) fish PEMP *ikan i-alaWetan(CMP) belongings, clothing, what one uses PAN *alaq₁ ia-leBoano₂(CMP) 3sg., he, she, it PAN *ia₁ ʔiy-áliBontok(WMP) come, imperative of áli PAN *aRi ial-ila {ila-ila ??}Rotuman(OC) marked with birth-marks or natural patches of color; blotched, mottled, piebald PMP *qila-qila i-alisItbayaten(WMP) to transfer something PPH *qalís (i)amaʔBantik(WMP) father PMP *ama-q iʔa maminAsilulu(CMP) kind of fish, including tripletail Maori wrasse (Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepede), and violet-lined Maori wrasse (Diagrammus Lacepede) PMP *mamin₁ i amaŋSangir(WMP) father PMP *amá-ŋ *i-amiPAty(Formosan) 1pl. excl. nominative, we PAN *i-ami i-amiOnin(CMP) 1pl. excl. PAN *i-ami i-amiɁMandar(WMP) 1pl. excl., we PAN *i-ami ianArta(WMP) fish PMP *hikan iʔanAsilulu(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ianKelabit(WMP) dehortative: don't PWMP *ian₁ iánBikol(WMP) that, those (nearer than itó) PWMP *ian₃ ʔiyánBontok(WMP) to stay overnight PAN *ian₂ ianBuli(SHWNG) fish PEMP *ikan iánCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) stay, live, reside PAN *ian₂ ianDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) reside, dwell PAN *ian₂ ianDuke of York(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ia(n)Fordata(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ianGimán(SHWNG) fish PEMP *ikan ianHitu(CMP) fish PMP *hikan íanIfugaw(WMP) to stay overnight, or for a short time, at one of the houses of a given village, when traveling PAN *ian₂ iānIsneg(WMP) place, location PAN *ian₂ iānIsneg(WMP) that; there (near the person addressed) PWMP *ian₃ ianMaranao(WMP) source PAN *ian₂ ianMorella(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ʔiánPalawan Batak(WMP) there (2p.) PWMP *ian₃ ianSaparua(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iánTagalog(WMP) that (near the person addressed) PWMP *ian₃ ianTaokas(Formosan) to sit PAN *ian₂ ianThao(Formosan) refuge, shelter, sanctuary, asylum PAN *ian₂ ìànTinputz(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ianToba Batak(WMP) live, dwell, reside, stay PAN *ian₂ ianWahai(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iana'Āre'āre(OC) pregnant PMP *tian-an ianaDobuan(OC) fish PEMP *ikan īanaLau(OC) pregnant, of a woman; enlarged stomach, of a man PMP *tian-an ianaMono-Alu(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ia-naSika(CMP) over there PMP *ia₂ ianaToqabaqita(OC) pregnant PMP *tian-an ianaUruava(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ʔiy-anákBontok(WMP) give birth, bear a child PPH *i-anak i-anákTagalog(WMP) give birth to (an offspring) PPH *i-anak i-anakTontemboan(WMP) piece that is placed in or on something else PPH *i-anak i-anak-honToba Batak(WMP) child in general without regard to sex PMP *anak ʔiyan-ánBontok(WMP) stay overnight PWMP *ian-an ian-anThao(Formosan) be sheltered, enclosed within; be settled on, of land; be pregnant (‘sheltered within, of a child’) PWMP *ian-an iana thalaToqabaqita(OC) be pregnant out of wedlock (thala = of life, thoughts, situations: lack substance, solidity PMP *tian-an ianeAlune(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iʔan hutuAsilulu(CMP) school of fish PCEMP *butu₂ ianiAtayal(Formosan) this; here; now PAN *ia-ni ianiBatu Merah(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ianiNggela(OC) here; like this PAN *ia-ni i-ani-nUbir(OC) to eat POC *kani ian matuIarkei(OC) dry coconut PCEMP *matu i-ánodBikol(WMP) get carried away by the current; drift, be adrift PPh *i-qañud i-àno-naMalagasy(WMP) what's-his-name PWMP *i-anu, si-anu i anuBalinese(WMP) So-and-So, an unknown and unnamed person PWMP *i-anu, si-anu i-ānudIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) that floated (downstream) PPh *i-qañud i-ánudCebuano(WMP) be carried off (e.g. by floodwater) PPh *i-qañud i anu-kuSangir(WMP) my friend (male or female) PMP *a-nu-ku iaŋLaha(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iaŋMakassarese(WMP) may not PWMP *ian₁ *iāŋPCha(WMP) deity PWMP *qiaŋ iaŋSangir(WMP) to sit down PAN *ian₂ iaŋToba Batak(WMP) wonderful, majestic PWMP *qiaŋ iaŋ, saŋ-iaŋSasak(WMP) God; divinity PWMP *qiaŋ i-áŋadIlokano(WMP) to lift the head, raise the face PPH *háŋad i-aŋinDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) winnow rice by exposing it to the wind so that the chaff is carried away PMP *haŋin iápBalangaw(WMP) count; read PMP *ihap iapMongondow(WMP) count, calculate PMP *ihap ʔiyápBontok(WMP) count PMP *ihap iapMaranao(WMP) account for; count; figure out PMP *ihap iapMelanau (Mukah)(WMP) count PMP *ihap *iāpPCha(WMP) calculate PMP *ihap *iapPMin(WMP) count PMP *ihap ia-pa-lakoSangir(WMP) let something go; be sent PWMP *pa-lakaw i-apehLun Dayeh(WMP) where? PMP *apa₁ ʔiyap-ə́nBontok(WMP) be counted PPh *ihap-en iap laluŋPenan (Long Labid)(WMP) cock, rooster PMP *laluŋ iap-onMongondow(WMP) be counted PPh *ihap-en i-ariBauro(OC) this POC *ari iasIban(WMP) maggot PWMP *ias₂ íasKankanaey(WMP) true? yes? indeed? sure? An interjection used when doubting PMP *ias₁ iásPalauan(WMP) dolphinfish PMP *lajih iásPalauan(WMP) milky mangrove tree; a river poison tree (Excoecaria agallocha L.) PMP *laji₁ iasSasak(WMP) eggs of flies PWMP *ias₂ i-atNalik(OC) liver PMP *qatay ia talaGumawana(OC) short snouted unicornfish: Naso brevirostris POC *taRa ʔiatoSamoan(OC) outrigger boom POC *kiajo iʔa tufaRotinese(CMP) fish that are caught by tufa-fishing PAN *tubah i-auDuke of York(OC) 1sg. nominative pronoun: I PAN *i-aku i-auFijian(OC) 1sg. cardinal pronoun: I PAN *i-aku i-auPokau(OC) 1sg., I PAN *i-aku i-auMaleu(OC) 1sg. nominative pronoun: I PAN *i-aku iauMalay(WMP) to mew (cats) PAN *qiaw i-auMarau₁(SHWNG) 1sg., I PAN *i-aku i-auMengen(OC) 1sg. nominative pronoun: I PAN *i-aku i-auSie(OC) 1sg., I PAN *i-aku ia-u-maniNuaulu(CMP) laugh PCEMP *malip iawMelanau (Mukah)(WMP) sound PAN *qiaw i-aya-ŋBisaya(WMP) elder sibling (vocative form used only by male speaker) PMP *aya₂ i-āyatIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) for someone to climb with someone or something carried PPH *i-kayat i-āyiwIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) to take someone along in gathering firewood, e.g. when men take along women to get firewood during the post-transplanting holiday season PMP *kahiw ibaBalinese(WMP) body, self PWMP *iba₁ ibáBikol(WMP) different, distinct, dissimilar, otherwise; contrasting; strange, peculiar; to differ, be different; include, incorporate, enclose; join, belong to; associate with; accompany, go or come along with PMP *ibah ibáBikol(WMP) bewitched PPh *iba₂ ibáBikol(WMP) different, distinct, dissimilar, otherwise; contrasting; strange, peculiar; to differ, be different, be distinct from PPH *iba íbaCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) another, other, different, distinct, new PMP *ibah íbaCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) another, other, different, distinct, new; to be different PPH *iba ibáCebuano(WMP) (given as a dialect form of ubán) the other ones, additional ones; include in a group PMP *ibah íbaHanunóo(WMP) companionship; accompanying, going along with someone PMP *ibah ʔibáHanunóo(WMP) another, another one; other, different, but not in the sense of being distinct or separate PMP *ibah ʔibáHanunóo(WMP) bad! terrible! disagreeable, partly by being something other than that which is considered standard or acceptable PPh *iba₂ ʔibáHanunóo(WMP) another, another one; other, different, but not in the sense of being distinct or separate PPH *iba ibáIfugaw(WMP) brother, sister, cousin, companion, friend PMP *ibah íbaKankanaey(WMP) ominous, portentous, forboding evil; bad, ill PPh *iba₂ ibaKaro Batak(WMP) remainder PMP *iba iba₁ íbaPangasinan(WMP) companion; accompany; help PMP *ibah ibáTagalog(WMP) other, another; different, distinct PMP *ibah ibaTboli(WMP) mistake, blunder PPh *iba₂ ibaToba Batak(WMP) general pronoun; person, one, self, in the sense of "I" PWMP *iba₁ iba, ifanManusela(CMP) patrilineal clan (van Wouden 1968 [1935]:21 ) PMP *ibah-an i-babáʔBikol(WMP) downstairs, below PMP *babaq₁ i-babáʔTagalog(WMP) under part, lower part PMP *babaq₁ i-babawAgutaynen(WMP) to weed, to cut or pull out weeds PMP *babaw₄ i-bábawAklanon(WMP) top, uppermost part; upstairs PAN *i babaw i-bábawBikol(WMP) on top, on the surface PAN *i babaw i-bábawCebuano(WMP) place high up; a place on top of something; high PAN *i babaw i-bābawRomblomanon(WMP) a position above; the top of someone, something, of two or more things piled one on top of the other PAN *i babaw ʔi babawSaisiyat(Formosan) high above PAN *i babaw i-bábawTagalog(WMP) upper crust or surface PAN *i babaw i-baboKaro Batak(WMP) up, above, on top of PAN *i babaw ʔi-bagáBontok(WMP) ask, tell; ask for payment of a debt PMP *bajaq₂ i-bagáIlokano(WMP) say, tell, declare, utter; inform on PMP *bajaq₂ i-bagáKankanaey(WMP) ask, inquire after PMP *bajaq₂ i-bágayIlokano(WMP) to do properly; adjust, fit; make suitable PWMP *bagay i-bagsákIlokano(WMP) to throw down heavily PPH *bag(e)sák íba(h)Aklanon(WMP) go together, be companions PMP *ibah ibá(h)Aklanon(WMP) accompany, go along with; different, other, another PMP *ibah ibá(h)Aklanon(WMP) different, other, another PPH *iba i-báhawTagalog(WMP) to set aside food so that it becomes “left-overs” PMP *bahaw iba-ibaBalinese(WMP) alone PWMP *iba₁ iba-ibaKaro Batak(WMP) what is left over, surplus, remainder PMP *iba iba₁ iba-ibaTolai(OC) residue, excess, remainder, over and above POC *iba iba₂ ibakRembong(CMP) piece of a beehive; piece cut or split off PMP *ibak iʔbakTae'(WMP) open forcefully, as the clenched teeth (< *i-r-bak) PMP *ibak ibak, iwakManggarai(CMP) part, half of something split (as a coconut) PMP *ibak i-bákalIlokano(WMP) to throw, toss; throw a missile in war PPH *bákal ʔi-báludBontok(WMP) to bind; to tie up; to imprison PPH *i-balud i-balodIbaloy(WMP) to put someone in prison PPH *i-balud i-báludIlokano(WMP) to imprison, enclose, incarcerate PPH *i-balud ibanKelabit(WMP) parent-in-law, child-in-law PMP *ibah-an ibanCebuano(WMP) companion, someone together with someone else PMP *ibah-an ibánHiligaynon(WMP) other, some other PMP *ibah-an ibanIban(WMP) person PMP *ibah-an ibanSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) son-in-law, daughter-in-law PMP *ibah-an iba-niaMongondow(WMP) another, other; some PMP *ibah i-batóIlokano(WMP) fling, hurl, throw, toss PAN *batu₃ i-batóIsneg(WMP) throw, cast, hurl, toss PAN *batu₃ i-bawaŋIbaloy(WMP) to open the outlet for the water to escape --- either the outlet from the irrigation canal (which is the inlet for rice field irrigation) or the outlet from the field to the field below PPH *bawaŋ₂ ibbáwIsneg(WMP) very small, slender, white, edible mushrooms that grow in dense clusters PWMP *qibaw₂ ibeFijian(OC) mat POC *ibe ibégPangasinan(WMP) covet, desire, fall in love with (loanword) PMP *ibeR ʔibegTiruray(WMP) appetite; saliva (loanword) PMP *ibeR i-benemDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) cook in hot ashes, of fish or other meat wrapped in leaves PWMP *benem₁ i-benu-benuFijian(OC) dunghill, refuse heap POC *benu Ibe-vasukManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) spirit deity of farming PWMP *bacuk ibəwPenan (Long Labid)(WMP) thousand PMP *Ribu ibʰuʔKelabit(WMP) longitudinal incision on the ventral side of a fish or animal to remove the viscera PWMP *ebuq ibiGilbertese(OC) tree like itai (Calophyllum inophyllum), but harder and heavier PMP *qipil ibiRennellese(OC) bone; hard core, as of wood POC *suRi₁ ibígTagalog(WMP) wish, want, desire; objective; whim; darling, beloved; dream, ideal PMP *ibeR ibíg-inTagalog(WMP) love or desire someone or something PWMP *ibeR-en i-bilaŋAgutaynen(WMP) to count or consider in a certain way PPH *bilaŋ₂ i-bilaŋ-iKaro Batak(WMP) count, reckon, calculate PAN *bilaŋ₁ ibilaŋ-iKaro Batak(WMP) count, reckon, calculate PWMP *i-bilaŋ i-bílinIlokano(WMP) to order, to command; give an order to, give an order for PPh *hi-bilín i-bítinKapampangan(WMP) hug, squeeze someone PPh *bítin iboFijian(OC) large edible sea-worm POC *ibo iboGilbertese(OC) an edible worm found in sand on beach (called sea asparagus) -- resembles long piece of thick macaroni: Sipunculus indicus Peters POC *ibo iboRoviana(OC) small sea-worm, much used for bait in Koqa fishing POC *ibo i-bōbodIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) that with which one binds something, as bark PPh *i-bejbej íbogAklanon(WMP) attracted to, desire, like PMP *ibeR ibogMongondow(WMP) wish, desire; saliva PMP *ibeR ibog-onMongondow(WMP) uncontrollably watering at the mouth PWMP *ibeR-en iboihAcehnese(WMP) the gebang palm: Corypha gebanga Bl. PWMP *ibus₁ i-bokbokIbaloy(WMP) to pour, dump out something, as potatoes from a sack (not used of liquids) PPH *i-bukbuk íbonIlokano(WMP) (Obs.) large bird PPh *ibun íbonTagalog(WMP) bird; íbun-an aviary PPh *ibun i-bōnoŋIbatan(WMP) to distribute something to someone PPH *bunuŋ i-boŋboŋIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) that with which a dam is made, as stones, dirt PWMP *beŋbeŋ ibosAgutaynen(WMP) a snack made of steamed sticky rice and wrapped in coconut plam leaves or banana leaves (often served at wakes, birthdays, weddings, or just as a snack) PPH *ibus₂ ibosMaranao(WMP) rice delicacy PPH *ibus₂ íbosBikol(WMP) rice sweet made from glutinous rice with coconut milk placed into tube-like containers of burí leaves and boiled for about two hours; served with sugar or chocolate PPH *ibus₂ i-botoToba Batak(WMP) sibling of opposite sex PMP *betaw ʔi-butu-wánBontok(WMP) castrate PMP *butuq i-botowSimalungun Batak(WMP) sibling of opposite sex PMP *betaw i-bowaŋIbaloy(WMP) to release water by removing what blocks it (as plug in rice terrace dyke, opening dam spillway, dismantling dam used in salep fishing, etc.) PPH *buaŋ i-boʔbokAgutaynen(WMP) to pour or dump something out; to anoint with oil by pouring the oil on the person’s head PPH *i-bukbuk ibuKavalan(Formosan) ashes PAN *qabu ibuNgadha(CMP) strike, beat, hit, knock; sound of a blow PMP *ibuk ibuNgadha(CMP) evil spirit that preys especially on pregnant women PMP *imbuk ibuNgadha(CMP) stink terribly PMP *imbu ibuHawu(CMP) come together, assemble PMP *qi(m)pun iβuSebop(WMP) thousand PMP *Ribu i-buáŋIlokano(WMP) to permit, allow; open (obstruction), open (faucet); set loose (animal); let newly hatched chicks out of the nest PPH *buaŋ i-búbudManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) be planted PWMP *bubud i-budbúdCebuano(WMP) wind around (instrumental focus) PPh *i-bejbej íbugCebuano(WMP) attracted PMP *ibeR íbugHanunóo(WMP) liking, desire, wish, love PMP *ibeR íbugHiligaynon(WMP) have a passion for, crave for PMP *ibeR íbug-íbugCebuano(WMP) tempt PWMP *ibeR ibeR ʔi-búhusHanunóo(WMP) be poured out PWMP *buhus ʔi bui-niaMolima(OC) fall over, of a tree, turn underfoot, of a stone POC *pui₂ ibukKaro Batak(WMP) small owl sp. (onom.) PMP *ibuk i-bukbókIlokano(WMP) to pour out, spill PPH *i-bukbuk i bukkuʔMakassarese(WMP) the humped one, a nickname for someone with an arched back or chest PMP *buŋkuk i bukuFijian(OC) a knot POC *buku i buku coriFijian(OC) slip knot POC *buku i buku dinaFijian(OC) reef knot POC *buku ʔi-buládHanunóo(WMP) be placed in the sun to dry PWMP *belaj i-bulód-anIlokano(WMP) to borrow for someone PPh *bulud₁ ibún-anTagalog(WMP) aviary PPh *ibun i-búnoŋIlokano(WMP) to distribute, apportion; deal out cards PPH *bunuŋ ibu panahMalay(WMP) bow (lit. ‘mother of shooting’) PAN *panaq ibu pasirMalay(WMP) gravel, shingle PWMP *pasiR i-buruToba Batak(WMP) envy, jealousy PMP *buRehuʔ i-buru ~ im-buruToba Batak(WMP) jealous, envious PMP *buR(e)hu ibusMalay(WMP) a palm, Corypha gebanga, used in mat-making PWMP *ibus₁ ibusSasak(WMP) a tree from which the wood for making drums is obtained. The tree dies as soon as it bears fruit: Corypha gebanga PWMP *ibus₁ ibusTagalog(WMP) the gebang or cabbage palm: Corypha utan Lam. Arecaceae (Madulid 2001) PWMP *ibus₁ ibus, ibus-anBalinese(WMP) leaf of the palm tree PWMP *ibus₁ ibútCebuano(WMP) pull out something rooted, stuck into something; for copulating things to get apart; draw a weapon on one PMP *ibut₁ ibutKadazan Dusun(WMP) draught, breeze, air PWMP *ibut₂ ibutRejang(WMP) wind, breeze, air PWMP *ibut₂ ibut topuodKadazan Dusun(WMP) storm, gale PWMP *ibut₂ i-buybóyBikol(WMP) to confess sins; to recant PPH *buybúy i-buybúyIlokano(WMP) to recriminate; expose; divulge PPH *buybúy icaManggarai(CMP) one PAN *isa₁ i cagaFijian(OC) span (about 9 inches) PMP *zaŋan₁ i ca i vukidPaiwan(Formosan) on higher (rainy) slopes PAN *bukij icakJavanese(WMP) get stepped on; step on PWMP *icak i-cava-iFijian(OC) a thing for what purpose? PMP *sapa iccuʔBuginese(WMP) little PWMP *isut₁ icha-Itbayaten(WMP) prefix for ordinal numbers PMP *ika- icha-dohaItbayaten(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha icha-limaItbayaten(WMP) fifth (ordinal numeral) PMP *ika-lima ichápatItbayaten(WMP) fourth PPh *ika-epat icha-pirahItbayaten(WMP) number what? (in a series in time, e.g. first, second time)’ PPH *ika-pija icha-pitoItbayaten(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu icha-posiñItbayaten(WMP) cause of weaning PPH *pusiŋ icha-tloItbayaten(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu i-chayatItbayaten(WMP) to bring upstaris, to transport (by climbing), to carry along by climbing PPH *i-kayat iciManggarai(CMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ icia-ma-vakesYami(WMP) female PPH *bakes₂ i-ciciFijian(OC) instrument for performing this action PCEMP *sisi₃ ici-ŋManggarai(CMP) to fill PAN *isi₅ icirOld Javanese(WMP) crawl about? (of catfish and crayfish in the mud) PWMP *icir iciwBerawan (Long Terawan)(WMP) day PMP *qalejaw i cukiFijian(OC) a digging stick PMP *suŋkit i culaFijian(OC) a needle, a thing for piercing with PMP *sulam ʔicúuruKanakanabu(Formosan) egg PAN *qiCeluR idaBalinese(WMP) he, she, they; this is the pronoun for ksatriyas and brahmanas PMP *ida idaBimanese(CMP) exclamation of pain PMP *inda₁ idáIlokano(WMP) they, them PMP *ida idaKenyah (Long Anap)(WMP) they, them PMP *ida idaManggarai(CMP) exclamation PMP *inda₁ idáNias(WMP) exclamation of wonder, etc. PMP *inda₁ idaSasak(WMP) he PMP *ida idaHawu(CMP) cry of fright or shock PMP *inda₁ ʔidaSika(CMP) cry of fright or shock PMP *inda₁ idaSudest(OC) name POC *isa₂ ida (< *insa)Leti(CMP) 'one; each, every' PAN *isa₁ ida (< *insa)Tetun(CMP) one; a PAN *isa₁ i-dabiIbaloy(WMP) to do (something) at night PMP *Rabiqi i-dadáŋIlokano(WMP) to heat, warm at a fire PPH *i-da(ŋ)dáŋ i-daemIbaloy(WMP) to put something inside, into the interior (as inside a house or car) PMP *i dalem i-dáeomAklanon(WMP) below, bottom, underneath PMP *i dalem i-dágosBikol(WMP) to continue doing something, to keep on, carry on with PPH *dágus₁ i-dagtaAgutaynen(WMP) to be carried away, drift away with the current; to wash up on shore PPH *dág(e)saq ida idaTetun(CMP) one by one, each one PAN *isa isa i-dáitKankanaey(WMP) to add; to put, to join something to PMP *zaqit idakBuruese(CMP) to blaze, as a trail PMP *inzak idak, ijakJavanese(WMP) get stepped on PMP *inzak idak, indakBanggai(WMP) trample down PMP *inzak i-dálanIlokano(WMP) to advise; guide; influence PMP *zalan i-daldalAgutaynen(WMP) to talk nonstop about something; to gab about something PPH *daldál i-dalómMasbatenyo(WMP) interior; beneath (the skin, etc.); deep inside PMP *i dalem i-dalúsIlokano(WMP) to finish; complete; finalize PPH *dalús iḍamBalinese(WMP) have odd wishes in the way of food (pregnant women) PWMP *qidam idamDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) crave certain foods (pregnant women) PWMP *qidam iḍamJavanese(WMP) food yearned for during pregnancy; wish, dream, desire PWMP *qidam iḍamOld Javanese(WMP) experience the cravings of pregnancy; be pregnant PWMP *qidam idam, iramSasak(WMP) food cravings of pregnant women PWMP *qidam ida-nBalinese(WMP) of him, of her PMP *ida idanKelabit(WMP) when? PAN *ijan idanIban(WMP) to receive with special ceremony (Scott 1956) PWMP *i(n)dan i-dandánIsneg(WMP) to bring near; to distribute PPH *denden ʔi-daŋdáŋBontok(WMP) to place close to a fire (as clothes to dry) PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ i-daŋdáŋCebuano(WMP) leave something in the sun to heat it PPH *i-da(ŋ)dáŋ i-daŋdáŋKankanaey(WMP) to heat; to warm, putting it close to the fire PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ idapMongondow(WMP) spy on, peep at PAN *qijap idapMongondow(WMP) to eye, spy on PWMP *idap idapIban(WMP) (of illness) be subject or liable to; have a relapse or recurrence of PWMP *hidap idapIban(WMP) hold something against a person (as a grudge) PAN *qijap idapIban(WMP) hold something against someone, bear a grudge PWMP *idap idapIbatan(WMP) a slice PPH *hilap₃ idapPuyuma(Formosan) broom (Ting 1978) PAN *Sijap idap-enIbatan(WMP) to slice meat, cut into slices PPH *hilap-en i-daráŋTagalog(WMP) expose something to live coals or open fire in order to heat or dry PPH *i-da(ŋ)dáŋ idásBikol(WMP) term for spouses when two brother have married two sisters PAN *idas₁ idásCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) spouse of sibling-in-law; spouse's sibling-in-law PAN *idas₁ idasFavorlang/Babuza(Formosan) moon, month PAN *qiNaS idasKaro Batak(WMP) a "single strand" of yarn; dua idas-na two strands PWMP *idas₂ idasMaranao(WMP) brother-in-law, sister-in-law PAN *idas₁ i-dasárIlokano(WMP) to set out for use, set the table PPH *das(e)qaR i-dave-daveFijian(OC) the channel of a stream, or its source POC *tape-tape ídawIsneg(WMP) snake, serpent PPH *idau i-dawaŋIbaloy(WMP) to make a wide space or passage PPH *rawaŋ i-dawaŋIbaloy(WMP) to make a wide space or passage PWMP *lawaŋ₁ i-dawátKankanaey(WMP) to give; to bestow; to present with PPH *dáwat ʔida-yTiruray(WMP) mother (in address only) PWMP *inda₂ iddáIlokano(WMP) lie down, stretch, be prostrate, stretched out PPh *hideRáq iddāIsneg(WMP) lie down PPh *hideRáq íddaItawis(WMP) place to lie down PPh *hideRáq iddíIsneg(WMP) this, here PMP *i-di iddí-nIsneg(WMP) now, today PMP *i-di idduŋKlata(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ idehKelabit(WMP) they, them PMP *ida i-dekebIbaloy(WMP) to close the door PWMP *lekeb iḍemBalinese(WMP) close the eyes PWMP *qidem iḍemBalinese(WMP) close the eyes PWMP *qi(n)dem idemSundanese(WMP) keep secret, give no sign of PWMP *hidem i-dendénIlokano(WMP) to put close to, slide to PPH *denden i-dennétIlokano(WMP) to steep; dip; dunk; put in contact with PPH *denet ideŋBuginese(WMP) crave foods, of a pregnant woman PWMP *qidam idepKaro Batak(WMP) not clearly visible, as a small star that now is seen and now is not PWMP *izep idep, ijepJavanese(WMP) eyelashes PWMP *qizep i-deppáIlokano(WMP) to extend the arms; hang on a cross PPH *i-depa i-desdésKankanaey(WMP) to trample on; to tread upon; to trample underfoot, as rice straw when harvesting, or the body of a fallen enemy PPH *desdés i-desoŋIbaloy(WMP) to pound rice in a mortar PMP *lesuŋ idhaNgadha(CMP) step, tread, walk PMP *inzak idiDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) that one, there, over there PMP *i-di idíIlokano(WMP) an adverb: formerly, in time past, at that time, then; a conjunction: when, at the time that, while PMP *idi idiKenyah(WMP) then, not till then PMP *idi i-dibedIbaloy(WMP) to wind a rope or similar binding material around something (as post, tree trunk) PWMP *libej (i)dihKelabit(WMP) this; it; thing just mentioned PMP *i-di i-dikepIbaloy(WMP) to close something (as window) PPH *liqekep i-dikítTagalog(WMP) to attach, stick or affix something specific; to seal, to close by sticking; to mount, to fix in proper setting, backing, or support PPH *i-deket i-dimedIbaloy(WMP) to keep something a secret PPH *liméd idinăMalagasy(WMP) poured out, let down, taken out PMP *iliŋ₁ i-dipáTagalog(WMP) to open the arms wide; to stretch out the arms PPH *i-depa i-ditáŋAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) bring something PMP *dateŋ *ʔi-diʔiPRuk(Formosan) to stand PAN *diRi i-dkét ~ i-dekkétIlokano(WMP) to paste; glue PPH *i-deket idoBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) 3pl., they PMP *ida idoliApma(OC) egg PMP *qiteluR i-dondónIfugaw(WMP) to put or lay something aside PPH *denden idoŋAcehnese(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ idoŋIban(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ i-doŋonIbaloy(WMP) to put the deceased into a coffin PWMP *luŋun ʔídusBontok(WMP) spoon; eat with a spoon PAN *qidus ídosIlokano(WMP) spoon; to spoon, take up in a spoon PAN *qidus idosManobo (Kalamansig Cotabato)(WMP) spouse's sibling-in-law PAN *idas₁ ʔidosTiruray(WMP) husband of one's sister-in-law, wife of one's brother-in-law PAN *idas₁ idoʔMamanwa(WMP) dog PPH *qiduq idoʔMansaka(WMP) dog PPH *qiduq i-doʔkipIbaloy(WMP) to put something between two things (as slip of paper in a closed book, playing card into a deck of cards, money under a pillow, etc.) PPH *luq(e)kip iduJavanese(WMP) saliva, salivate PWMP *qizuR iduPokau(OC) nose; cape of land POC *icuŋ iduRotinese(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ idu ganaArosi(OC) compose a song (usually in dreams) POC *kanam íduhIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) to spoon something, as in eating PAN *qidus ídu(h)Ifugaw(WMP) wooden spoon PAN *qidus iðukBunun(Formosan) orange PAN *iuk idũkRoglai (Northern)(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ i-dukótBikol(WMP) to glue, paste or stick something; to put up (as posters) PPH *i-deket iðuk sulainBunun(Formosan) pomelo PAN *iuk i-dúlotIlokano(WMP) to offer PPH *dúlut i-dum-dumaIlokano(WMP) to prefer, to excel PAN *duma iduŋSasak(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ i-dupáMasbatenyo(WMP) extend the arms PPH *i-depa ídusKankanaey(WMP) wooden spoon PAN *qidus idusSasak(WMP) snot PMP *idus i-dúyanBikol(WMP) to rock a cradle or hammock PPH *dúyan i-dúyanMasbatenyo(WMP) to swing in a hammock PPH *dúyan *ɨ(dz)ɨnPSS(WMP) press out (with reference to straining at stool, or childbirth) PMP *qezen iəʔBintulu(WMP) this PMP *ieq ieMota(OC) exclamation of self-satisfaction: I know that! PAN *qia ieSa'a(OC) demonstrative pronoun: this, these (follows a noun) PMP *ia₂ iʔeSa'a(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ieSa'a(OC) belly, stomach, bowels, womb PMP *tian ieYamdena(CMP) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ ieYamdena(CMP) this PMP *ia₂ iəhKiput(WMP) that PMP *ia₂ ʔie-ʔieHawaiian(OC) an endemic woody branching climber (Freycinetia arborea) POC *kiRe-kiRe ʔie-ʔieSamoan(OC) liana (Freycinetia sp.) used for making fish-traps POC *kiRe-kiRe iéləbPalauan(WMP) flood (of major proportions) PWMP *leñeb iə mataAcehnese(WMP) tears PMP *mata ienNalik(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ienTigak(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ienMiri(WMP) that, that one PWMP *ian₃ ie-niAnuta(OC) here, in this place PAN *ia-ni iəŋ-elPalauan(WMP) its cave, his/her cave PMP *liaŋ ifTanga(OC) fire POC *api ifa-Kwaio(OC) ZH (w.s), ZH (m.s.), WB, HB POC *ipaR- ifa-Mono-Alu(OC) BIL, SIL, etc. POC *ipaR- ifaRotinese(CMP) hold in the lap PMP *iwaq ifaRotinese(CMP) hold in the lap PMP *iwa i-fafoLau(OC) above POC *i papo i fafo-naLau(OC) on the top POC *i papo i faiKwaio(OC) where? PMP *pai₁ i-faiLau(OC) (= 'at where?') 'where?' PMP *pai₁ ifaː-kalikTanga(OC) WB, ZH (m.s.), MBS (m.s.), FZS (m.s) POC *ipaR- ifa-ŋTanga(OC) HZ, BW (w.s.), FZD (w.s.) POC *ipaR- ifarFordata(CMP) ZH (m.s.), BW (w.s.) PMP *hipaR₁ ʔifarTiruray(WMP) cross over to the other side (as of a river or street) PMP *hipaR₂ ifarYamdena(CMP) ZH (m.s.), BW (w.s.), FBDH (m.s.), FZDH (m.s.), MBS (m.s.), MZDH (m.s.), FBSW (w.s.), FZD (w.s.), MBSW (w.s.), MBD (w.s.), MZSW (w.s.) PMP *hipaR₁ ʔi feaSamoan(OC) where to? POC *pea ʔifesTiruray(WMP) small tan cockroach PMP *ipes ifetChamorro(WMP) a tree, Intsia bijuga. A very hard and heavy wood resembling black walnut in color PMP *qipil ifiNias(WMP) dream PMP *hipi ifiNiue(OC) the Tahitian chestnut, Inocarpus fagiferus (introduced) POC *ipi₂ ifiRotuman(OC) (of bananas) hand, row or group forming part of bunch PMP *qitiŋ ifiSamoan(OC) a tree (Inocarpus sp.), the Tahitian chestnut; the nut of that tree POC *ipi₂ ifiTongan(OC) blow with the mouth; blow or blow into or play (a whistle, or wind instrument) POC *ipi₁ ifiTongan(OC) kind of tree bearing edible nuts about 3 inches long: the Tahitian chestnut, Inocarpus edulis POC *ipi₂ ifiTongan(OC) blow with the mouth, blow into, blow up, inflate; to play a tune (on a bugle, etc.) PCEMP *upi ifiTuvaluan(OC) nut which drifts ashore POC *ipi₂ ifi-ʔiTolai(OC) to blow (trans.) POC *ipi₁ ifi-leleSamoan(OC) large timber tree (Intsia sp.), used for making kava bowls, etc. PMP *qipil ʔifil-ʔifilTiruray(WMP) the ipil ipil tree: Leucaena glauca L. Benth. PPh *ipil ipil ifiŋBuli(SHWNG) very small fish that sometimes swims upriver in huge schools PEMP *ipun₁ ifi pulaTongan(OC) blow bubbles POC *buraq i-firaFordata(CMP) how much?, how many? PAN *pijax i-fituFordata(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ifoFutunan(OC) descend POC *sipo ifõNias(WMP) incisor teeth PMP *ipen ifoNiue(OC) foam at the mouth; spittle POC *ipoR ifoRotinese(CMP) shellfish sp. PMP *qibaw₁ ifoTongan(OC) tasty, lit. or fig. (interesting, etc.) POC *ipoR ifoTuvaluan(OC) downwards; bow down in prayer POC *sipo ifoSamoan(OC) bow (down); give in, surrender; worship; make a formal apology; down POC *sipo ifo-ifoFutunan(OC) descend gently POC *sipo ifuKwaio(OC) fall down by itself, of a tree POC *iput₂ ifuLau(OC) to uproot or be uprooted by wind POC *iput₂ ifu, ifu-naLau(OC) hair POC *ipu- ifu-ʔaiKwaio(OC) let hair grow long in mourning POC *ipu- ifu-laLau(OC) hairy, covered with cast hairs POC *ipu- ífunItawis(WMP) small shrimp PPh *hípun₂ ʔifunTiruray(WMP) a nonglutenous rice, a variety of farey PPh *ípun₃ ifu-naKwaio(OC) hair POC *ipu- i-fun-adGedaged(OC) he hit us PAN *ata ífutItawis(WMP) tail PPh *ipus igMaguindanao(WMP) water PMP *wahiR igMaranao(WMP) water, liquid PMP *wahiR igaGitua(OC) fish PEMP *ikan igaʔMaranao(WMP) lie down PPh *hideRáq igaMota(OC) fish PEMP *ikan igaNggela(OC) a creature of the sea: fish, mollusc, crayfish, whale, squid, sea anemone, etc. PEMP *ikan ʔigaRennellese(OC) birthmark PMP *qila ig(a), igal(a)Woleaian(OC) fish PEMP *ikan iga asa-nGitua(OC) fish gills PEMP *asaŋ₂ i-gálaŋTagalog(WMP) to defer; to show respect to PPH *i-gálaŋ i-gálaŋIlokano(WMP) to honor, respect PPH *i-gálaŋ i-galáwTagalog(WMP) to move; to change the position of PPH *garáw i-gamótTagalog(WMP) to administer a specific medicine; to give something as medicine or treatment PMP *Ramut₁ iγanaHoava(OC) fish PEMP *ikan iganaRoviana(OC) fish (generic) PEMP *ikan igáŋTagalog(WMP) dried up, dehydrated PWMP *egaŋ igatAgta (Central Cagayan)(WMP) eel PPh *ígat ígatAklanon(WMP) eel PPh *ígat ígatIlokano(WMP) eel PPh *ígat ígatItawis(WMP) tightness PPh *hiRét ígatItawis(WMP) eel PPh *ígat igátPangasinan(WMP) eel PPh *ígat ígatTagalog(WMP) black eel PPh *ígat i-gátoŋBikol(WMP) to add fuel PPH *gatuŋ iga tuaGitua(OC) fish bone POC *tuqa₂ iga vilaNggela(OC) sailfin tang: Zebrasoma veliferum POC *piRa₂ ig-dúyanWaray-Waray(WMP) to swing couch or bed PPH *dúyan i-geretAgutaynen(WMP) to cut something with a knife or scissors; to accidentally be cut, or cut something; to slice something up; to slice into small pieces; to make a cut on something PMP *geret i-gergerPaiwan(Formosan) tremble PAN *gerger₁ igétCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) freshwater eel PPh *ígat ighaKodi(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ighaŋaBali (Uneapa)(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ígiCebuano(WMP) for a person to feel bad because someone else is shown more affection than he is, esp. by being given something which he did not receive; be jealously possessive of someone PWMP *qiRih igiRennellese(OC) fan, as of coconut leaves; to fan POC *irir i-gidóKankanaey(WMP) to wake up; to awaken; to be roused PPH *Riduq i- gígirIlokano(WMP) to shelter, shield; protect, guard, take care of; defend PWMP *gigir igih-anCebuano(WMP) possessively jealous PWMP *qiRih-an igi-koroGapapaiwa(OC) pubic hair (male) POC *koRo i-ɣilLingarak(OC) to dig POC *kali ~ keli i-gílidBikol(WMP) to place at the edge PPH *gílij igitJavanese(WMP) exasperated with; exasperation, resentment PWMP *i(ŋ)git i-gi-tnáʔTagalog(WMP) to place in the center or middle PMP *teŋaq igoBauro(OC) 2sg., you POC *iko (i)-goeNggela(OC) thou, 2nd person singular POC *koe igo-igoRennellese(OC) look, esp. at a reflection POC *ilo₂ igókKankanaey(WMP) to swallow PPh *iŋguk ʔi-gunáyBontok(WMP) to move, of body action; to work; movement; action; work PPH *gunay ʔígupBontok(WMP) viand; that which is eaten with rice (of vegetables, meat or snails). It is usually served in a bowl containing the broth in which the viand was cooked; to drink the broth from the viand bowl; to drink wine PMP *hiRup igopMaranao(WMP) drink PMP *hiRup ʔigorTiruray(WMP) keeping one's eyes on someone, even though one's head is turning away PAN *ikuD ʔigorTiruray(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR i-gosoMota(OC) coconut husking stick POC *kojom igotMansaka(WMP) to tighten; to pull tight (as rope); to stretch tight PPH *higút igotMaranao(WMP) to pull on belt; tighten PPH *higút ígpitAklanon(WMP) to clip, catch, hold between two things PPh *hig(e)pít ígpitAklanon(WMP) to clip, catch, hold between two things PPH *qiR(e)pit ʔigpitBontok(WMP) hold something between one's arm and the trunk of one's body, or between one's fingers PPh *hig(e)pít igpítPangasinan(WMP) tighten something PPh *hig(e)pít igpitAyta Abellan(WMP) to not give freedom, and be strict with PPh *hig(e)pít igpit-anKapampangan(WMP) to tighten something PPh *hig(e)pít ʔigpít-ənBontok(WMP) be held between one's arm and the trunk of one's body PPh *hig(e)pít-en igt-ánIsneg(WMP) tighten PPh *hiRet-an igtíŋTagalog(WMP) tightness (of tie or knot); tautness PWMP *iReteŋ iguGitua(OC) tail PAN *ikuR iɣuHula(OC) tail PAN *ikuR iguNggela(OC) tail PAN *ikuR iguNggela(OC) tail POC *siku igu-iguNggela(OC) the last in a dance PMP *ikuR ikuR igu-iguNggela(OC) the last in a dance POC *siku igúŋIbanag(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iguŋKaro Batak(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iguŋMalaweg(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iguŋToba Batak(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iguŋYogad(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ igúpCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) sip a hot drink PMP *hiRup igúpIfugaw(WMP) Lagawe word for drinking which is used in hudhud chant in the sense of "sip" rice wine; it is usually reduplicated PMP *hiRup ígupIlokano(WMP) one draught, one swallow (of water, etc.) PMP *hiRup ígupKankanaey(WMP) suck in, drink, absorb PMP *hiRup igúp-enIlokano(WMP) be sipped by PWMP *hiRup-en igútCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) rope, line (anything used for tying) PPH *higút igut-anCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) to tie (as a rope around a dog’s neck) PPH *higut-an ihDrehet(OC) a tree: Intsia bijuga PMP *qipil ihDrehet(OC) the ironwood tree: Intsia bijuga PMP *qipil ʔihLevei(OC) a tree: Intsia bijuga PMP *qipil ihLikum(OC) a tree: Intsia bijuga PMP *qipil ih-Lonwolwol(OC) name POC *isa₂ ihNauna(OC) cockroach POC *ipos ihPohnpeian(OC) 3sg. PAN *ia₁ iha-Arosi(OC) BW (m.s.), ZH (m.s.), WB, HZ POC *ipaR- ihaKambera(CMP) alone, separate PAN *isa₁ ihaʔKayan(WMP) 3sg. PAN *si ia₁ ihaKodi(CMP) one PAN *isa₁ ihaKove(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ihaLusi(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ihaManipa(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iha-Motu(OC) BIL, SIL or cousin's wife POC *ipaR- iha-Raga(OC) name POC *isa₂ i-hahoSa'a(OC) over, above POC *i papo i-hálasCebuano(WMP) of the jungle; ignorant; become wild, ignorant PMP *halas i-haluNggela(OC) small bone needle for sewing a sail POC *saRum ih-a-maniLabel(OC) feather of a bird POC *ipu- i-hamiGhari(OC) 1pl. excl., we, us PAN *k-ami i-hamuGhari(OC) 2pl., you all PMP *kamu₂ ihanToba Batak(WMP) a large fish PMP *hikan ihan buntalToba Batak(WMP) the puffer fish, Tetrodon, dangerous because of its venomous spines PMP *buntal ihaŋKomodo(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ihápCebuano(WMP) count PMP *ihap i harep-ñaOld Javanese(WMP) in front of, in the presence of PMP *qadep i-hauBugotu(OC) far; of old POC *sauq₁ ihawNarum(WMP) elbow PAN *sikux ihbúIfugaw(WMP) urine PAN *sibu ihbúw-anIfugaw(WMP) urinating place PAN *sibu ihe-Sa'a(OC) WZ, WB, HB, HZ POC *ipaR- íhiʔAklanon(WMP) urine, urinate PMP *ihiq íhiʔBikol(WMP) urine PMP *ihiq ihíCebuano(WMP) expression of surprise or warning PMP *ihi íhiʔCebuano(WMP) urinate PMP *ihiq íhiʔHanunóo(WMP) urine PMP *ihiq ihiHawaiian(OC) to strip, peel PCEMP *isi₂ ihiHawaiian(OC) to strip, peel, as bark or fruit; tear off, remove PMP *Risi ihiHawaiian(OC) to strip, peel, as bark or fruit; tear off, remove PMP *Risiq ihiJavanese(WMP) exclamation of disgust, anger PMP *iqi ihiKambera(CMP) contents PAN *isi₅ ihiKapingamarangi(OC) to peel off in long strips; to separate the inner and outer bark of a tree by peeling apart PCEMP *sisi₃ ihiKoroni(WMP) meat, flesh PAN *isi₅ ih(i)-Label(OC) hair POC *ipu- ihiLuang(CMP) meat, flesh PAN *isi₅ ihiMaori(OC) strip bark off tree PCEMP *isi₂ ihiMaori(OC) make hissing or hushing noise POC *isi₃ ihiMaori(OC) split, divide; separate; strip bark off a tree PMP *Risi ihiMaori(OC) split, divide; separate; strip bark off a tree PMP *Risiq ihiMori Atas(WMP) meat, flesh PAN *isi₅ ihiMoronene(WMP) meat, flesh PAN *isi₅ ihiHawu(CMP) contents PAN *isi₅ íhiʔTagalog(WMP) urine PMP *ihiq ihíʔTagalog(WMP) suffer from frequent urination PMP *ihiq ihiUma(WMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ ihiʔManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) urine, urinate PMP *ihiq ihiWawonii(WMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ īhi, ihi-ihiNiue(OC) split, divide, rip open PCEMP *isi₂ íhiʔ-anBikol(WMP) urinal PMP *ihiq ihikNgaju Dayak(WMP) what is trodden upon (rice, in threshing) PAN *iRik ihi kambuKambera(CMP) what is found in the belly: intestines, food PMP *kambu īhi (length unexplained)Niue(OC) split, divide, rip open PMP *Risi īhi (length unexplained)Niue(OC) split, divide, rip open PMP *Risiq ihi(n)Erai(CMP) contents; body; rice out of the ear PAN *isi₅ ihi-nFordata(CMP) flesh, contents; flesh of tubers, pit of a nut, yield of the crops PAN *isi₅ ihi-nKei(CMP) flesh of people, animals and fruits, and in general the edible, useful or most prominent part of something PAN *isi₅ i-hinaTeluti(CMP) woman PCEMP *b<in>ai i-hisLabel(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ i-hituGaloli(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ihmwPohnpeian(OC) building, house, home, dwelling PAN *Rumaq ihnPohnpeian(OC) mother; any person one's mother or father would call sister PCEMP *ina i-hñitItbayaten(WMP) to laugh at somebody PPH *heŋit íhoBikol(WMP) shark PAN *qiSu ihoHawaiian(OC) to go down, descend; to go south or before the wind; down, below POC *sipo ihoMaori(OC) from above, downwards, down; denoting immediate sequence of events or ideas POC *sipo ihoNukuoro(OC) get down, climb down; down POC *sipo ihoRennellese(OC) directional particle and verb: downward, seaward; northward or westward; to go or come fishing (since this is always downward); to have an incline (as the sun dropping in the west) POC *sipo iho-ñKaniet(OC) tooth POC *ipon ihopNgaju Dayak(WMP) what is drunk; be drunk by someone PMP *hiRup ihotToba Batak(WMP) rope, band, fetter PMP *hiket íhuIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) wash one or all of the following: the face, the hands and arms, the feet and legs PMP *hisuq íhuCebuano(WMP) shark PAN *qiSu íhuHanunóo(WMP) large sharklike fish with very thick, smooth skin, about one meter long PAN *qiSu ihuHawaiian(OC) nose, snout, beak, bill, trunk of an elephant, toe of a shoe; a kiss, prow or bow of a canoe or ship; thick end of pearl-shell shank POC *icuŋ íhuIfugaw(WMP) washing of one's face (and hands) PMP *hisuq ihuKambera(CMP) bathe PMP *hisuq ihu-Maori(OC) nose; bow of a canoe, etc. POC *icuŋ ihuMono-Alu(OC) to blow PCEMP *upi ihu-Nggela(OC) nose; beak; cape of land POC *icuŋ ihuSa'a(OC) hair, feather; used with genitive i POC *ipu- ihu-Teop(OC) nose POC *icuŋ ihu-Tongan(OC) nose, (of an elephant) trunk POC *icuŋ ihu-i menuSa'a(OC) a bird's feather POC *ipu- ihu i pweuSa'a(OC) a hair of the head POC *ipu- i-húlitBikol(WMP) to preach about PPH *hulit i-húlogBikol(WMP) to drop (something) PPh *i-huluR i-húlugCebuano(WMP) throw something down PPh *i-huluR ihunTetun(CMP) a little fish which is crushed to make a type of pickle PMP *hipun₁ ìhù-nTinputz(OC) nose POC *icuŋ ihu-na'Āre'āre(OC) hair, feather POC *ipu- ihu-ŋāNiue(OC) one who speaks through the nose PMP *ŋaŋ ihurToba Batak(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ihutToba Batak(WMP) to follow PMP *ikut₁ ihut-eNuaulu(CMP) storm PMP *ribut ihu-tiloLarike(CMP) thick PCEMP *təlu iíCebuano(WMP) particle showing disbelief PMP *iqi íiIfugaw(WMP) utter sharp cries because of anger, or to express astonishment and surprise because something disagreeable suddenly happened PMP *iqi iíIlokano(WMP) interjection: expressing wonder PMP *iqi iíKankanaey(WMP) no! nonsense! interjection of disbelief PMP *iqi iiKapampangan(WMP) oh! sound indicating surprise or curiosity PMP *ihi iiKapingamarangi(OC) oh! sound indicating surprise or curiosity PMP *iqi iiNgadha(CMP) cry, whine PMP *ihi iiNgadha(CMP) cry, whine PMP *iqi íiPalauan(WMP) cave PMP *liaŋ iiRarotongan(OC) an interjection made as when setting a dog at a cat PMP *ihi iiRarotongan(OC) an interjection made as when setting a dog at a cat PMP *iqi iʔiRarotongan(OC) the chestnut tree and its fruit: Inocarpus edulis POC *ipi₂ iiSa'a(OC) a buzzing or whistling noise in the ear POC *titiŋ iiTuvaluan(OC) exclamation of assent PMP *iqi iiUma(WMP) exclamation, ouch! PMP *ihi iiUma(WMP) exclamation, ouch! PMP *iqi i-iaBugotu(OC) she PAN *ia₁ ʔi-ʔiyán-anBontok(WMP) a place where one can stay overnight PAN *ian₂ iidekPalauan(WMP) accumulated dirt (in clothes, on body, etc.) PMP *litek i-iiBuruese(CMP) whimpering PMP *iqi ii-kasuKanakanabu(Formosan) 2sg., you/thou (Ferrell 1969) PAN *i-kaSu ii-kasuKanakanabu(Formosan) 2sg., you PAN *kaSu i-ikiTongan(OC) dual or plural of siɁi (small, little; young, younger) when it means small, and sometimes when it means younger, etc. POC *rikit i-iloSa'a(OC) a mangrove oyster POC *tiRom i-imAvava(OC) house PAN *Rumaq iimwChuukese(OC) house, building, hut, shelter, shed PAN *Rumaq iinChuukese(OC) mother, aunt, grandmother, kinswoman of any senior generation, kinswoman of one's father's lineage or clan, any such kinswoman of one's spouse PCEMP *ina ʔin-apúBontok(WMP) daughter-in-law; son-in-law PPh *in-apu iioAnuta(OC) yes PMP *qio i-iraBugotu(OC) they, used of women only PEMP *ira i-íriKanakanabu(Formosan) left (side) PAN *wiRi iitKankanaey(WMP) to file PPh *iqit ʔi-ʔiteSamoan(OC) foretell, tell beforehand; have a hunch, have a premonition PAN *kita₂ iitoGorontalo(WMP) scraped down PPh *iqit íivuKanakanabu(Formosan) urine PAN *sibu ijaBare'e(WMP) step, tread, trample on PMP *inzak ijapIban(WMP) wink the eye, blink PWMP *izap ijapIban(WMP) wink the eye, blink PWMP *izep ijauIban(WMP) dark colors on yellow or white (of fighting cocks) PWMP *hizaw ij(i)-Mokilese(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ ijokIban(WMP) a palm: Arenga saccharifera (Wurmb.) Merr. (formerly A. saccharifera Lab.). It yields a toddy, soft brown sugar, and good black cordage PWMP *izuk ijokMalay(WMP) sugar-palm fibre. A dark substance resembling horse-hair, obtained from Arenga saccharifera and used for making string and thatch PWMP *izuk ijuLi'o(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ ijuMarshallese(OC) star, comet, planet POC *pituqun ijuʔRejang(WMP) sugar palm fibres, used to make roofing and twine PWMP *izuk ijukKaro Batak(WMP) black fibres of the sugar palm used as roofing material PWMP *izuk ijukSasak(WMP) fibrous substance from the sugar palm PWMP *izuk ijukToba Batak(WMP) fibres of the sugar palm which resemble horse hair, and which are used in making cordage and roofing PWMP *izuk ijurToba Batak(WMP) saliva PWMP *qizuR ikApma(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ika-Cebuano(WMP) prefix for ordinal numerals PMP *ika- ikaFijian(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ikaGilbertese(OC) fish (generic) PEMP *ikan ʔika-Hanunóo(WMP) prefix for ordinal numerals PMP *ika- ikaHawaiian(OC) strong PMP *qitaq ikaKamarian(CMP) raw pounded fish with vegetables PMP *hikan ika-Kankanaey(WMP) a prefix added to cardinal numbers to form ordinal ones PMP *ika- ikaKeo(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikaKisar(CMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita ikaKola(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikaKoroni(WMP) fish PMP *hikan ikaPokau(OC) to see PAN *kita₂ ikaManam(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ikaMaori(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ika-Maranao(WMP) prefix for ordinal numerals PMP *ika- ikaNgadha(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikaPileni(OC) fish PEMP *ikan *ikaPMic(OC) fish (generic) PEMP *ikan ikaRapanui(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ikaRarotongan(OC) fish (generic) PEMP *ikan ikaRennellese(OC) fish, turtle PEMP *ikan ikaSikaiana(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ika-Tagalog(WMP) prefix for ordinal numerals PMP *ika- ikaTakuu(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ikaTongan(OC) fish, incl. also turtles (fonu) and whales (tofuaʔa), but not eels, cuttle-fish or jelly-fish PEMP *ikan ikaTugun(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikaUjir(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikaVaikenu(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikaWawonii(WMP) fish PMP *hikan ika, ikeaRejang(WMP) curled, curly PWMP *ikel ika:tRoglai (Northern)(WMP) fish PMP *hikan ika ~ icaMoronene(WMP) fish PMP *hikan ika-ánimTagalog(WMP) sixth PMP *ika-enem ika-anómBikol(WMP) sixth PMP *ika-enem ika-ápatHiligaynon(WMP) fourth PPh *ika-epat ika-ápatTagalog(WMP) fourth PPh *ika-epat ikabKelabit(WMP) opening in the longhouse roof for the entrance of light and air, and for the exit of smoke from the cooking fire PWMP *iŋkab ikabKelabit(WMP) opening in the roof for light and exit of smoke from the hearth PMP *siŋkab i ka-ciwaFijian(OC) ninth PMP *ika-siwa ika-doaYami(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha i ka-duaSangir(WMP) we two (inclusive) PWMP *ka-duha ika-duháCebuano(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha ika-duháMasbatenyo(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha ika-duwáBikol(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha ika-duwaBinukid(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha ika-enémCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) sixth PMP *ika-enem ika-epatCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) fourth PPh *ika-epat íkāgIsneg(WMP) cough; the root of a tree that relieves cough, when chewed for five consecutive days PWMP *ikej íkagItawis(WMP) cough PWMP *ikej i kaiHawaiian(OC) towards the sea PMP *tasik ika-ikaHawaiian(OC) strong, powerful; strength, force, energy PMP *qitaq i-káiŋIlokano(WMP) to place in the káiŋ basket PPH *kaqiŋ i-ka-isáHiligaynon(WMP) first PWMP *ika-isa ikalKapampangan(WMP) curly, crisp, of the hair (like a Negro) PWMP *ikel ikalMalay(WMP) curly (of hair) PWMP *ikel ika-labi-m-pitóTagalog(WMP) seventeenth PAN *pitu₁ ika-lawáTagalog(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha i-kalbítIlokano(WMP) to catch one’s attention by touching PPH *kal(e)bit i-káliIlokano(WMP) to bury something, inhume PMP *kali₂ ikal-ikalNgaju Dayak(WMP) curly (of the hair) PWMP *ikel ika-limáCebuano(WMP) fifth (ordinal numeral) PMP *ika-lima i ka-limaFijian(OC) fifth (ordinal numeral) PMP *ika-lima ika-limáHiligaynon(WMP) fifth (ordinal numeral) PMP *ika-lima ika-limaMansaka(WMP) fifth (ordinal numeral) PMP *ika-lima ika-limáMasbatenyo(WMP) fifth (ordinal numeral) PMP *ika-lima (i)ka-limáTagalog(WMP) fifth (ordinal numeral) PMP *ika-lima i-kalúbanIlokano(WMP) to sheathe PPH *kaluban i-kamáligIlokano(WMP) to store in the granary PMP *kamaliR (i)kamenIbaloy(WMP) woven bamboo sleeping mat PPh *ikamen ikaménIlokano(WMP) mat. A coarse fabric made by weaving strips of the leaves of the screw pine, strips of the petioles of the silag or buri palm, or similar material, and universally used to sleep on PPh *ikamen ikaménPangasinan(WMP) mat PPh *ikamen i-kamiBanggai(WMP) 1pl. excl. independent pronoun, we, us PAN *k-ami i-kamiMori Atas(WMP) 1pl. excl., we PAN *k-ami ikamɨnAborlan Tagbanwa(WMP) woven mat, used for sleeping PPh *ikamen ʔikamɨnPalawan Batak(WMP) mat PPh *ikamen i-kamuKanakanabu(Formosan) 2pl. nominative, you all PAN *k-amu ikanBuruese(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikánCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) fish; go on a fishing trip PMP *hikan ikanGah(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikanIban(WMP) fish PMP *hikan ikánIfugaw(WMP) any kind of fish that is greater than mudfishes; may be applied to fishes in general PMP *hikan ikánIlokano(WMP) fish PMP *hikan ikánIsneg(WMP) fish (generic) PMP *hikan ikánKankanaey(WMP) fish PMP *hikan ikanKaro Batak(WMP) dried or salted fish PMP *hikan ikanLamaholot(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikanMalay(WMP) fish (generic) PMP *hikan ikanMaranao(WMP) legendary fish-like animal PMP *hikan *ikanPAmb(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikanRiung(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikanTetun(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikanTifu(CMP) fish PMP *hikan ikanWatubela(CMP) fish PMP *hikan i-kan-áPangasinan(WMP) ingredients PMP *hi-kaen ikan abu-abuMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) fish sp. PWMP *abu abu ikan abu-abuMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) fish sp. PWMP *qabu qabu ikan alu aluMalay(WMP) barracuda: Sphyraena obtusata PMP *qalu ikan bujokMalay(WMP) a murrel, Ophiocephalus sp. PWMP *buzuk ikan bulan-bulanMalay(WMP) giant herring: Megalops cyprinoides PMP *bulan-bulan₁ ikan bunaMalay(WMP) a fish, sp. unid. It is believed to be unwholesome for pregnant women PMP *buna ikan buntalMalay(WMP) box-fish, globe-fish or sea-porcupine; generic for Ostraciontidae, Tetrodontidae and Diodontidae. These fish have the power of distending their bodies with air, and are symbols of empty pretensions. Malays classify them correctly as box-fishes (buntal batu, buntal kotak), sea-porcupines (buntal landak, buntal duri) and globe-fishes (buntal pisaŋ) PMP *buntal ikan buntal borékMalay(WMP) speckled parrot fish PWMP *burik ikan buntuʔIban(WMP) rotten or dead and drifting fish PMP *buntuʔ ikan daunMalay(WMP) batfish: Platax sp. PMP *dahun ikan daun baruMalay(WMP) spotted moonfish: Drepane punctata PMP *dahun ikan fulanTetun(CMP) a bright white fish PMP *bulan-bulan₁ ikan gemiMalay(WMP) sucking fish: Echineis (sic!) naucrates PMP *gemi ikan guritaMalay(WMP) small octopus, Onychoteuthis angulata (a large octopus is loyak, doyak) PMP *kuRita ikan kakapMalay(WMP) a large fish (‘cockup’ of India; Palmer of Queensland; Dutch kaalkop, Lates spp.) PWMP *kakap₁ ikan kayuSundanese(WMP) plank fish PMP *kahiw ikan kebasiMalay(WMP) bony bream or hairback, Dorosoma spp. (name on east coast of Malay peninsula) PWMP *kabasi ikan kékékMalay(WMP) generic for many fishes variously identified as silver-bream (Equula edentula, Cazza minuta) and horse mackerel (Mene maculata) PWMP *ki(k)kik ikan kemiMalay(WMP) sucking fish: Echineis naucrates PMP *kemi ikan kerapohMalay(WMP) sea perch: Serranus spp.; a very large fish of the Scorpaenidae about which many legends exist PWMP *kuRapuq ikan kerapuMalay(WMP) sea perch: Serranus spp.; a very large fish of the Scorpaenidae about which many legends exist PMP *kuRapu ikan kərapuMalay(WMP) sea perch, Serranus spp.; a very large fish of the Scorpaenidae, about which many legends exist PWMP *kurapu ikan kertaŋMalay(WMP) a perch: Epinephelus pantherinus PMP *keRteŋ ikan ketambakMalay(WMP) pomfret: Stromateus niger PWMP *katambak ikan kitaŋMalay(WMP) spotted butter-fish, Scatophagus spp. These fish have venomous dorsal fins. PWMP *kiteŋ ikan kurauMalay(WMP) medium-sized threadfin, Polynemus spp. PMP *kuRaw ikan lawi ayamMalay(WMP) small anchovy PMP *lawi₁ ikan lepuMalay(WMP) generic for a number of fishes with venomous fins, angler fish and goblin fish (Antennaridae and Scorpaenidae) PMP *lepu ikan otékMalay(WMP) a catfish: Arius utik PMP *utik ikan pelataMalay(WMP) a mackerel: Scomber microlepidotus PMP *palata ikan punti-puntiMalay(WMP) marine fish, sp. unident. PWMP *punti₂ ikan puyu-puyuMalay(WMP) the climbing perch: Anabas scandens PWMP *puyu-puyu ikan rui-nTetun(CMP) fish bones PMP *duRi ikan sepatMalay(WMP) generic for fishes of the genus Trichopodus PWMP *sepet₃ ikan sepetMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) kind of fish (Chaer 1976) PWMP *sepet₃ ikan sumpitMalay(WMP) blowpipe fish, Toxotes spp. PMP *sumpit ikan talaŋMalay(WMP) horse mackerel: generic for large species of Chorinemus, the small or young being seliap PWMP *talaŋ-talaŋ ikan tambanMalay(WMP) sardine; generic for various Clupeidae PWMP *tamban ikan tamparMalay(WMP) a flatfish: Pseudorhombus arsuis PWMP *tampar₁ ikan teliŋa buayaMalay(WMP) a fish: Gastroceus biaculeatus PMP *buqaya ikan teriMalay(WMP) the small anchovy: Stolephorus tri, known in Singapore as the ‘Macassar red fish’ PMP *teRi ikaŋIbaloy(WMP) bow-legs, the outward curvature of the legs PWMP *iŋkaŋ ikáŋIfugaw(WMP) great step PWMP *iŋkaŋ ikaŋLun Dayeh(WMP) was stepped over by someone PWMP *sikaŋ ikaŋManggarai(CMP) fish PMP *hikan íkaŋTagalog(WMP) slight gap formed between joints or junctures PWMP *iŋkaŋ i-ka-onoFijian(OC) sixth POC *ika-onom ika-piláCebuano(WMP) which [number] is it? PPH *ika-pija i-kápitTagalog(WMP) to stick, paste or glue something onto something else (stress on the object) PMP *kampit ika-pitóAklanon(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pitóBikol(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pitoSambal (Botolan)(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pitóMasbatenyo(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pitóTagalog(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pituBinukid(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pituCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pitúCebuano(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pitúHiligaynon(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ʔika-pituRomblomanon(WMP) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-pitu-n-puʔTagalog(WMP) seventieth PAN *pitu₁ ika-ra-roaYami(WMP) the other (person) PMP *duha i kariFijian(OC) a scraper, a plane POC *karis₂ i ka-ruaFijian(OC) second POC *ka-rua i-kárusIlokano(WMP) to scrape; (fig.) to insist PAN *karus ika-sa-m-púʔTagalog(WMP) tenth PMP *ika-puluq ika-sá-puluCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) tenth PMP *ika-puluq ika-siamYami(WMP) ninth PPH *ika-siám ika-siyámAklanon(WMP) ninth PPH *siám ika-siyámAklanon(WMP) ninth PPH *ika-siám i kasoFijian(OC) crossbeam fastening together the outrigger and the hull of a canoe; the children of an inferior wife, the attendants and slaves of a marama wife PMP *kasaw₁ ikatIban(WMP) tie, tie together PMP *hiket ikátIsneg(WMP) net PMP *hiket ikátIsneg(WMP) net (general name) PWMP *hiket íkatKapampangan(WMP) braid PMP *hiket ikatMalay(WMP) tying up, fastening; (in Java) head-band, head-cloth PMP *hiket ikatMalay(WMP) tying up, fastening; binding with string, thread, or rope PWMP *hiket ikat-anMalay(WMP) what is already tied; way of tying; bundle PWMP *hiket-en ika-tloYami(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu ika-tlóTagalog(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu iká-tluHiligaynon(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu íka-tluRomblomanon(WMP) third (action, person, situation, thing, time, unit of measurement) PMP *ika-telu i katoluFijian(OC) the third POC *ika-tolu ikā-toluWayan(OC) third POC *ika-tolu ika-tulóBikol(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu ika-tulóMasbatenyo(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu ika-tulúBinukid(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu ika-tulúCebuano(WMP) third PMP *ika-telu ika-tuwáʔTagalog(WMP) to cause or make one pleased, happy, etc.; to make one rejoice PWMP *tuaq ika-unúmCebuano(WMP) sixth PMP *ika-enem ika-upátCebuano(WMP) fourth PPh *ika-epat i ka-vituFijian(OC) seventh PMP *ika-pitu ika-vituWayan(OC) seventh PMP *ika-pitu i-káwAklanon(WMP) you (singular) PMP *i-kahu i-kawBintulu(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu ikawBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) 2sg., you PMP *i-kahu i-káwCebuano(WMP) you (singular) PMP *i-kahu ikawDali'(WMP) elbow PAN *sikux ikawKapuas(WMP) 2sg., you PMP *i-kahu i-kawBisaya (Limbang)(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-káwMasbatenyo(WMP) you sg. This form functions as a pre-predicate personal substitute for a subject AN class noun phrase. A different form occurs following predicates PMP *i-kahu i-kawNgaju Dayak(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu ʔi-kawPalawan Batak(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu í-kawRomblomanon(WMP) you sg. predicate pronoun PMP *i-kahu i-káwTagalog(WMP) you (sing.) PMP *i-kahu i-kawTausug(WMP) 2sg. topic pronoun, you (sg.); the emphatic second person sg. pronoun PMP *i-kahu i-kawTombonuwo(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-káwWaray-Waray(WMP) you PMP *i-kahu i-káwHiligaynon(WMP) you (singular second person nominal pronoun) PMP *i-kahu i-kawKejaman(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-káw ~ kawIsneg(WMP) you (2sg.) PMP *i-kahu i-kaw ~ kawMansaka(WMP) 2sg. topic PMP *i-kahu i-ka-waeóAklanon(WMP) eighth PMP *ika-walu i-ka-walóBikol(WMP) eighth PMP *ika-walu i-ka-walóTagalog(WMP) the eighth PMP *ika-walu i-ka-walúCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) eighth PMP *ika-walu i kā-waluFijian(OC) the eighth PMP *ika-walu i-kawítanKankanaey(WMP) to fight unto death; to combat desperately PPH *kawitan i-kayatIbatan(WMP) climb up a tree, ladder, steep incline, etc. with something PPH *i-kayat ʔi-kayátBontok(WMP) to climb, as up a ladder, tree or steep trail PPH *i-kayat i-kayatItbayaten(WMP) to climb, to go up PPH *i-kayat ikeAnuta(OC) wooden hammer or mallet for pounding bark cloth or pandanus leaf POC *ike ikeBare'e(WMP) a mallet of rough black stone (watu ike), with a rattan handle that is used to pound tree bark into bark cloth PMP *ikay ikeFijian(OC) mallet for beating bark into cloth POC *ike ikeFutunan(OC) quadrangular mallet of wood or iron, used for pounding out bark cloth POC *ike ʔikeHawaiian(OC) to see, know, feel, greet, recognize, understand; to know sexually; to receive revelations from the gods; knowledge, understanding, recognition, comprehension and hence learning; sense, as of hearing or sight; vision PAN *kita₂ ikeMaori(OC) to strike with a hammer or other heavy instrument POC *ike ikéNgadha(CMP) tie, bind, fetter PMP *hiket ikeNiue(OC) a wooden mallet for beating bark cloth POC *ike ikePaulohi(CMP) wind a thread on a spool PMP *i(ŋ)kes ikeRarotongan(OC) a wooden mallet, made from hard wood, used in ancient days for the purpose of beating out native bark cloth; to strike with theike in beating out bark cloth POC *ike ikeTongan(OC) mallet with which the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree is beaten in making tapa cloth POC *ike ikədBintulu(WMP) a cough PWMP *ikej i-kedkedItbayaten(WMP) to bind, fasten, to tie PPH *kedked ʔíkəgBontok(WMP) tuberculosis PWMP *ikej ikegIbanag(WMP) cough PWMP *ikej ikehCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) cough PWMP *ikej ikelOld Javanese(WMP) curled, wavy (as hair) PWMP *ikel ikelSasak(WMP) curly (of the hair) PWMP *ikel ikémKankanaey(WMP) to close; to shut up; to close up PWMP *iŋkem ikenKayan(WMP) a cough PWMP *ikej i-kenaArop(OC) to sleep POC *qenop i keno mateTubetube(OC) he is sound asleep POC *mate ikerKayan (Uma Juman)(WMP) a cough PWMP *ikej ikesManggarai(CMP) tethered, tied to PMP *i(ŋ)kes iketBalinese(WMP) tie, bind; kind of expensive cloth in which the threads of the warp or the weft are tied off at various places, so that they can be dyed in different colors PMP *hiket ikətBintulu(WMP) tying PMP *hiket ʔíkətBontok(WMP) dog collar PMP *hiket ʔíkətBontok(WMP) dog collar PWMP *hiket ikétIlokano(WMP) general name for all kinds of nets PMP *hiket ikétIlokano(WMP) net PWMP *hiket iketJavanese(WMP) plaited batik head cloth which the wearer dons by winding it around his head PMP *hiket iketKankanaey(WMP) fasten a rope to, attach a cord to, fasten a line to; to strap, to leash PMP *hiket iketKaro Batak(WMP) tied up, of prisoners PMP *hiket iketMaranao(WMP) tie PMP *hiket iketOld Javanese(WMP) band, tie PMP *hiket ikétPangasinan(WMP) net PMP *hiket *ikətPMin(WMP) to hang up on a rope PWMP *hiket iketSasak(WMP) bind with a rope PMP *hiket ikətSasak(WMP) tie securely with a rope PWMP *hiket ʔiketTiruray(WMP) a tie; to tie (loan) PMP *hiket ikətOld Javanese(WMP) band, tie PWMP *hiket i-keuSa'a(OC) to pull a thing out of the eye POC *kau₂ ike-zuwaManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) second PMP *ika-duha ikiBungku(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikiHawaiian(OC) small, little; slightly, a little PAN *qitik₁ ikiKoroni(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikiMoronene(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikiNias(WMP) laugh at, ridicule PWMP *hikhik ikiPadoe(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikiPohnpeian(OC) tail, end, extreme PAN *ikuR ikiʔSangir(WMP) tie, bind PMP *hiket ikiWawonii(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikiWetan(CMP) elbow; to hook on, to hitch on PAN *sikux iki (< *titik-i)Sa'a(OC) knock with the knuckles; beat a wooden gong; teeth chattering with cold PAN *tiktik₁ ikɨdAborlan Tagbanwa(WMP) cough PWMP *ikej iki-fituFordata(CMP) only seven PAN *pitu₁ iki-ikiNiue(OC) small POC *rikit íkʔikAklanon(WMP) to cheep, chatter (sound of animal -- like monkey) PWMP *qikqik ikikBalinese(WMP) laugh loudly (not so loudly as akak) PWMP *hikhik ikikBalinese(WMP) laugh loudly (not so loudly as akak) PWMP *qi(ŋ)kik ikʔíkBikol(WMP) eek! the squeak of a mouse; a shriek or shrill cry of pain or fright PWMP *qikqik íkíkBikol(WMP) the squeak of a mouse PWMP *qi(ŋ)kik ikʔíkCebuano(WMP) squeak like a mouse PWMP *qikqik ikikJavanese(WMP) titter, giggle, snigger PWMP *hikhik i-kíliŋTagalog(WMP) to incline; to cause to incline or to lean sideways PWMP *keleŋ₂ ʔi-kímitBontok(WMP) to close one’s eyes PPH *kimit ikiŋKenyah(WMP) little finger PWMP *iŋkiŋ ikíŋ, ik-ikíŋIfugaw(WMP) small finger (sometimes applied to the small toe) PWMP *iŋkiŋ íkirSekar(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR iki-ruaFordata(CMP) only two PMP *duha ʔi-kiskísBontok(WMP) to scrape the outer sheath from reeds PAN *kiskis *ikitPSan(WMP) to bind, tie up PWMP *hiket i-kitaBanggai(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita i kiteʔSangir(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita i-kitoMori Atas(WMP) 1pl. incl., we PAN *k-ita ʔi-kiwkiwBontok(WMP) to stir around, as to stir the ashes of a fire with a stick; any instrument used for this action PPH *kiwkiw₂ i-kiwkiwIbaloy(WMP) to use something to stir (as a spoon) PPH *kiwkiw₂ ikkámIsneg(WMP) seize, take hold of; examine a patient PWMP *iŋkem ikki-urípIsneg(WMP) a netting needle PPH *udip ikkoʔTae'(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikkoʔ-ikkoʔTae'(WMP) a plant with white flowers the shape of a dog's tail, and leaves used in treating skin diseases PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu iklug (< D)Agta (Central Cagayan)(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR iklug (< D)Tausug(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR i-knaIbaloy(WMP) to use, place, set something as a trap or snare PAN *keNa ʔiknátBontok(WMP) stretch oneself, as when tired PPh *hikñat i-koAgta (Central Cagayan)(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-koKelabit(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-koBuginese(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-koFijian(OC) cardinal pronoun, 2nd person singular. This form is always used after transitive verbs and preposition, never as subject of a verb, except in sai iko, ‘it is you’ POC *iko ikoʔIban(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikoKenyah (Long Ikang)(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikoʔLampung(WMP) tie something PMP *hiket i-koʔKenyah (Long Anap)(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-koLun Dayeh(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-koMamanwa(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu ikoMori Atas(WMP) you (familiar) PMP *i-kahu ikoʔRembong(CMP) tail, rear; extremity PAN *ikuR ikoRotinese(CMP) tail (of mammal, fish, etc.) PAN *ikuR i-koTaboyan(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-koTae'(WMP) 2sg., used with equals and inferiors PMP *i-kahu ikoTambotalo(OC) 2sg., you POC *iko i-koUma(WMP) 2sg. independent pronoun PMP *i-kahu i-koWayan(OC) second person singular marker: you, occurring as the head-word or nucleus of a noun phrase which typically is the topic of a clause POC *iko ikoaRejang(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikoacKosraean(OC) meat, flesh POC *pijiko ikod-onKadazan Dusun(WMP) to cough PWMP *ikej íkogAklanon(WMP) tail (of any creature) PAN *ikuR íkogBikol(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikogMaranao(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ʔikógPalawan Batak(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikohKayan(WMP) tail of an animal PAN *ikuR ikohNgaju Dayak(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ʔíkulBontok(WMP) tail of an animal PAN *ikuR ikólPangasinan(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR i-komiuBonerate(WMP) 2pl.; you all PMP *kamu-yu i-komuyuBanggai(WMP) 2pl. independent pronoun, you all PMP *kamu-yu ikoŋManggarai(CMP) extremity, tip PMP *ikuŋ ikoŋTboli(WMP) tail PMP *ikuŋ ikoŋ tanaManggarai(CMP) cape, promontory PMP *ikuŋ ikorAmis(Formosan) after, behind PAN *ikuD íkotAklanon(WMP) to go around; revolve PPH *íkut₃ ikotMaranao(WMP) greed, selfish, thrift --- in a selfish way PPH *ikut₂ ikotIbaloy(WMP) stinginess, extreme thrift PPH *ikut₂ íkotTagalog(WMP) revolving; turning around; to turn; motion like that of a wheel PPH *íkut₃ i-kotibIbaloy(WMP) to whisper something to someone as a secret, esp. in public PPH *kútib i-kotkotIbaloy(WMP) to bury something in this manner PWMP *kutkut₁ i-kowMongondow(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-kowIda'an Begak(WMP) 2sg., you/thou PMP *i-kahu i-kowanIbaloy(WMP) to say, tell something PWMP *kua-n i-kowanIbaloy(WMP) to say, tell something PWMP *kuan₂ i-KoyodIbaloy(WMP) to pull on something (as to dislodge rope caught in tree, plow by carabao) PWMP *guyud₃ i-koʔoMoronene(WMP) 2sg., you PMP *i-kahu ikraWetan(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR i-k-ramasSelaru(CMP) to knead, massage with a kneading motion PAN *Rames ikruLeti(CMP) tail (in combination forms: in-ikru 'fish tail', etc.) PAN *ikuR ikt-énKankanaey(WMP) be fastened or attached to PWMP *hiket-en ikt-enKankanaey(WMP) to fasten a rope to, attach a cord to, fasten a line to; to strap, to leash PWMP *hiket ikuAdonara(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikuBare'e(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikuErai(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikuFutunan(OC) be finished; transmitted (of information) POC *siku ikuKavalan(Formosan) 1sg. nominative pronoun: I PAN *aku ikuʔMurik(WMP) elbow PAN *sikux ikuPaiwan(Formosan) tail (of animal, bird) PAN *ikuR *iku-PAmb(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR *ikuPMic(OC) tail PAN *ikuR ikuPopalia(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikuRarotongan(OC) the tail of any animal, fish or bird; the end of any object (the tail end) POC *siku ikuSoboyo(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikuTetun(CMP) the last, the latest PAN *ikuR ikuTongan(OC) tail (esp. of a quadruped); to end, terminate, culminate; issue, result; finish up PAN *ikuR ikuTuvaluan(OC) end POC *siku ikuUma(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikuWogeo(OC) tail PAN *ikuR ikuSobei(OC) tail PAN *ikuR ikū, ikuhOld Javanese(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR iku asuBare'e(WMP) ('dog's tail') an herb the scrapings of which are applied to abscesses to draw out the pus PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu ikúdCebuano(WMP) follow immediately behind someone PAN *ikuD íkugCebuano(WMP) tail, or analogous structure PAN *ikuR íkugHanunóo(WMP) tail, as of an animal PAN *ikuR ikugManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ʔikug-ʔíkugHanunóo(WMP) always going together, as of close friends PMP *ikuR ikuR ikug mataTausug(WMP) the outer eyelid (‘tail of the eye’) PMP *mata ikuhBalinese(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR iku-hBuruese(CMP) take, as a path, etc. PMP *ikut₁ iku-ikuLonggu(OC) tail PAN *ikuR iku-ikuLonggu(OC) tail POC *siku iku-kBuruese(CMP) follow, take PMP *ikut₁ iku-kikauRarotongan(OC) the end portion of a coconut leaf; this portion of the leaf was, in ancient times, placed on the stomach of a deceased person, being symbolic POC *siku ikulBunun(Formosan) tail (of a mammal) PAN *ikuR ikulIlongot (Kakiduge:n)(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR i-kulóŋTagalog(WMP) to cage; to shut up in a cage; to impound; to shut up in a pen or pound; to shut or keep in PWMP *kuruŋ iku-nBuruese(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR iku-nLamaholot(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR iku-nTetun(CMP) tail, buttocks; final PAN *ikuR iku-ŋaTuvaluan(OC) conclusion; end; decision POC *siku i-kuŋkúŋCebuano(WMP) curled up, bent PMP *kuŋkuŋ₂ ikurIban(WMP) follow PAN *ikuD ikurKaro Batak(WMP) tail, esp. of mammals PAN *ikuR ikuRPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) tail PAN *ikuR ikurYamdena(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR i-kurápTagalog(WMP) to wink or blink the eyes PWMP *kezap ikur-ikurKaro Batak(WMP) a creeping plant with clover-like flowers, used as medicine for cattle PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu iku-sTetun(CMP) last, final, behind PAN *ikuR íkutCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) to twirl around; to go in circles PPH *íkut₃ ikutIban(WMP) follow, go after, accompany; agree, join in opinion with PMP *ikut₁ ikutKaro Batak(WMP) included, counted among PMP *ikut₁ ikutMalay(WMP) coming after (in space, not time); according to PMP *ikut₁ ikutNgaju Dayak(WMP) be subjugated PMP *ikut₁ ikutOld Javanese(WMP) to follow; be attached to PMP *ikut₁ ikutRembong(CMP) to follow PMP *ikut₁ ikutTausug(WMP) selfishness, stinginess PPH *ikut₂ ikútIlokano(WMP) possession, ownership PPH *ikut₂ ikut-anIlokano(WMP) to possess, own PPH *ikut₂ ikut jalanMalay(WMP) taking a certain route PMP *ikut₁ (i)-kutu-anIlokano(WMP) to delouse someone PWMP *kutu-an i-kuvu-kuvuWayan(OC) any escape valve for steam or smoke; chimney, funnel of ship POC *kupuk ikuyBintulu(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ikuyMelanau Dalat (Kampung Teh)(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR i-kuyógAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) to accompany, go with PPH *kúyug ikuʔDelang(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR ilAvava(OC) to dig a hole; dig up POC *kali ~ keli ilGedaged(OC) look at, behold, discern, perceive; sight, view POC *ilo₂ -il-Palauan(WMP) marker of past tense PAN *<in> ilaAlune(CMP) how much? how many? PAN *pijax ilaAmpana(WMP) birthmark, mark on skin PMP *qila ilaAraki(OC) wild, from the bush (of animals) POC *ila₁ ilaBare'e(WMP) wild; shy PMP *ilah ilaBare'e(WMP) birthmark (sometimes viewed as ominous) PMP *qila ilaBimanese(CMP) open the eyes PMP *hilat ʔílaBontok(WMP) to see; to divine the cause of a sickness PWMP *ila₂ ílaCebuano(WMP) their, by them; thing that's theirs PMP *ida ílaCebuano(WMP) identify, distinguish which is which; recognize who a person is; know a person; acknowledge, consider someone as something; experience, taste PWMP *ila₂ iláCebuano(WMP) shy, afraid to approach someone unfamiliar PMP *ilah ʔiláHanunóo(WMP) state of being wild, untamed, undomesticated, with reference to animals PMP *ilah ilaHawaiian(OC) a dark birthmark PMP *qila ílaHiligaynon(WMP) their, theirs PMP *ida iláHiligaynon(WMP) elusive, untamed, undomesticated PMP *ilah ílaIfugaw(WMP) knowing, seeking, finding. Exceptionally, ila may convey the meaning of "seeing, looking" PWMP *ila₂ ilaSeit(CMP) how much/how many? PAN *pijax ílaKankanaey(WMP) look at, look on, behold, see, observe, view, inspect; know well, foresee (applied to any knowledge of hidden things or facts); curious, inquisitive PWMP *ila₂ ilaKapampangan(WMP) they, them PMP *ida ilaLaha(CMP) how much/how many? PAN *pijax ilaLi'o(CMP) lamp PMP *qilaw ilaMaranao(WMP) wildness PMP *ilah ilaMaranao(WMP) birthmark PMP *qila ilaMussau(OC) they, them PEMP *ira ilaNgadha(CMP) flame up, illuminate brightly PMP *qilaw ilaNias(WMP) see, know, be able; foresee PWMP *ila₂ *ilaPMin(WMP) mole (on body) PMP *qila ilaRotinese(CMP) freckle, birthmark PMP *qila ilaRotuman(OC) blotch, patch of color, birthmark PMP *qila ilaSamoan(OC) spot, mark (on human skin) PMP *qila ilaʔSasak(WMP) bashful, shy PMP *ilah ilaHawu(CMP) disappear, be lost PMP *qilaŋ ʔilaSika(CMP) small black birthmark PMP *qila ilaSimalur(WMP) know, be acquainted with, understand; cunning, craft PWMP *ila₂ ilaTae'(WMP) afraid and regretful on hearing a rebuke, fed up with admonitions PMP *ilah ilaTakuu(OC) birthmark PMP *qila ʔilaTongan(OC) (having a) freckle, mole, speck, stain or spot, or patch of dirt or discoloration PMP *qila ilaWatubela(CMP) they, them PMP *ida ilaManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) of people, but esp. of animals that are skilful in escaping from and avoiding humans, to be wary PMP *ilah ilaManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) mole on the skin PMP *qila ilaWolio(WMP) disappear; decease (sultan or saint) PMP *qilaŋ ilaWuvulu(OC) mole on the skin PMP *qila ilaʔ-anSasak(WMP) feel ashamed PWMP *ilah-an ilabAyta Abellan(WMP) pain; to experience pain PPH *hilab ilabMansaka(WMP) itch-causing agent PPH *hilab i-lábanPangasinan(WMP) to liberate PMP *laban₂ i-lábasIlokano(WMP) to cause (a parade) to pass; pass by with something PPH *labas i-lábayIlokano(WMP) to reel cotton yarn PWMP *labay₁ ʔ-il-ablPalauan(WMP) carried under the arm PMP *qabin iladKelabit(WMP) kind of palm, the leaves of which are used for making hats PWMP *silad iladLun Dayeh(WMP) a variety of palm tree with leaves used for making fans PWMP *silad i-ladládKapampangan(WMP) to spread something out PPH *ladlád ʔilaʃSaisiyat(Formosan) moon, month PAN *qiNaS ílagHanunóo(WMP) care, caution; avoidance PWMP *qilag ilagJavanese(WMP) charm, prayer, etc. to wark off evil PWMP *qilag ilagOld Javanese(WMP) go away, retire, escape; go away from, evade, pass by, escape from PWMP *qilag ílagTagalog(WMP) dodging; avoidance, evasion PWMP *qilag ilág, ílagCebuano(WMP) dodge PWMP *qilag i-lágaIlokano(WMP) to put inside a woven basket PWMP *laja ilá(h)Aklanon(WMP) wild, untamed, undomesticated (fowl) PMP *ilah ilahKayan(WMP) squint (of eyes); eyes turned up in severe illness PWMP *ileR i-lahaʔYakan(WMP) to menstruate PAN *daRaq ilah-ánCebuano(WMP) shy PWMP *ilah-an i-lahókTagalog(WMP) to add, to mix PPH *i-lahúk ila-ilaSundanese(WMP) a sign, premonition (as of the fall of a prominent person) PWMP *ila₂ ila-ilaWolio(WMP) dark mole, freckle PMP *qila-qila ila-ilafaMono-Alu(OC) lightning PMP *ilap₁ ilaʔ-ilaʔ-anSasak(WMP) shy by nature PMP *ilah i-lákadAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) run away with, kidnap PPH *i-lákaj i-lakádTagalog(WMP) to use something in walking PPH *i-lákaj i-lakáwBikol(WMP) to take for a walk (as a dog) PMP *lakaw i lako-lakoFijian(OC) away, going, path; also fig. manner, method, the “run” of a thing POC *lako lako ilh-akuSaaroa(Formosan) 1sg.; I PAN *i-aku ilalaSa'a(OC) to divine; the charms used are apai dili, dracaena leaf, la’o shell forehead ornament, bows, spears, ähui, dancing club, paddles PAN *kilala ilalaa daniUlawa(OC) to divine the weather PAN *kilala i-lalaŋMakassarese(WMP) in, inside; at, upon, by PMP *i dalem ilala tariUlawa(OC) to appeal to a ghost in divination PAN *kilala i-lálimTagalog(WMP) bottom; space just below a surface (not necessarily the bottom space) PMP *i dalem i laloHawaiian(OC) below, underneath POC *i rarom i laloLau(OC) within POC *i rarom i-laloMinyaifuin(SHWNG) in, inside PMP *dalem i laloSa'a(OC) in the middle of POC *i rarom ilamaMolima(OC) stone axe PMP *kiRam ilamaNumbami(OC) adze of iron PMP *kiRam i-lambedAgutaynen(WMP) to tie or wrap a rope around something, scuh as a tree trunk PPH *la(m)béj i-lanétIlokano(WMP) to wilt over the fire PPH *lanét ilaŋIban(WMP) lose; (fig.) dead PMP *qilaŋ ilaŋMakassarese(WMP) lose in the toŋkó (dice) game; deceased (of princes or prominent persons) PMP *qilaŋ ilaŋMaranao(WMP) lose PMP *qilaŋ ʔilaŋSika(CMP) to lose, be bereft of PMP *qilaŋ ilaŋTae'(WMP) term used in game of dice: disappear, lose (opposed to ontoŋ 'win') PMP *qilaŋ iláŋTagalog(WMP) open, unhabited space beyond a town or forest PMP *qelaŋ ʔilaŋTiruray(WMP) give up the only one one has of something PMP *qilaŋ ilaŋYamdena(CMP) lose, waste, squander PMP *qilaŋ ilaŋ-iluIban(WMP) tree with poisonous fruits PWMP *hilu i-láŋitIlokano(WMP) to raise to the sky, lift up toward heaven PMP *laŋit i-láŋitIsneg(WMP) spirits of the sky (usually favorable to reapers; when they want to possess a shaman they use a bridge or ladder to come down) PMP *laŋit i-laŋitsHaku(OC) sky PMP *laŋit i-laŋóyIlokano(WMP) to swim something over, carry by swimming PWMP *laŋuy ilaŋuKambera(CMP) disappeared, gone, destroyed (as belongings when one's house has burned down) PMP *qilaŋ i-laókIlokano(WMP) to mix with something PPH *i-lahúk ilapAgutaynen(WMP) to fillet fish or meat PPH *irap ílapIlokano(WMP) a slice PPH *hilap₃ ilapKaro Batak(WMP) apparition, shadow, silhouette (of something one perceives only momentarily) PMP *ilap₂ ilapManggarai(CMP) vague outline, silhouette, shadow PMP *ilap₂ ilapYami(WMP) cut pieces, cut chunks PPH *hilap₃ iláp, ílapCebuano(WMP) for flames to lick at something; touch lightly PMP *ilap₁ iláp-anIlokano(WMP) to cut a slice from something PPH *hilap-an ilap-anYami(WMP) reason for cutting into pieces PPH *hilap-an ilap-enAgutaynen(WMP) to fillet fish or meat PPH *iráp-en iláp-enIlokano(WMP) to slice PPH *hilap-en ilap-enYami(WMP) to cut PPH *hilap-en ilap-enAgutaynen(WMP) to fillet fish or meat PPH *hilap₃ ilap-ilapAborlan Tagbanwa(WMP) to slice thin (as meat) PPH *hilap₃ i-lápitTagalog(WMP) to take or put something near something or someone else PMP *rapet ilapoGorontalo(WMP) wink PWMP *izap ilasMamanwa(WMP) spouse's sibling-in-law PAN *idas₁ ilasPazeh(Formosan) moon, month PAN *qiNaS ilasMurut (Timugon)(WMP) husband's brother's wife (but not wife's sister's husband) PAN *idas₁ ʔi-laslasBontok(WMP) to rub or scrape clean, using sand or earth as an abrasive PWMP *laslas il-ateGorontalo(WMP) dead PMP *in-atay ilatiPetapa Taje(WMP) lightning PMP *kilat₁ i-lauAs(SHWNG) far PMP *zauq i-lauʔMakassarese(WMP) in the west, of the west PMP *i-lahud i-lauk-annaMakassarese(WMP) westward, the west side of something PMP *i-lahud i-laul-oManam(OC) seaward POC *i-laur ílawBikol(WMP) light, lamp; headlight; flare PMP *qilaw iláwCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) eat raw food (e.g. fish, vegetables); eat green fruit PPh *hiláw ilawDali'(WMP) claw PWMP *silu₂ ílawTagalog(WMP) light; lamp, torch, i.e. anything that is used to give light PMP *qilaw i-lawódAklanon(WMP) the seaward part of any town PMP *i-lahud i-lawódMasbatenyo(WMP) downstream area, seaward place; towards town place PMP *i-lahud i-láwudCebuano(WMP) place toward town and away from rural areas PMP *i-lahud i-layáAklanon(WMP) inland (section of town) PAN *daya i-láyaCebuano(WMP) area away from the coast or town PAN *daya i-layáHiligaynon(WMP) hinterland, remote area PAN *daya i-láyaTagalog(WMP) interior part of a territory; upper part of a town; the northern part of a place PAN *daya i-laya-nhunCebuano(WMP) hillbilly, one from the remote interior regions PAN *daya i-layláyTagalog(WMP) cause to droop or sag PPH *layláy i-layónIlokano(WMP) to continue carrying up to a place PPH *layun ileAlune(CMP) 3pl., they, them PMP *ida ileBonfia(CMP) they, them PMP *ida iléLamaholot(CMP) mountain PCEMP *qili *ilĕPAmb(CMP) dark PMP *qilem ileSa'a(OC) a pandanus with slender leaves, used to make pwaso armlets POC *kiRe ileSa'a(OC) a stone axe PMP *kiRam iləbSaisiyat(Formosan) to close PAN *qiNeb ilegMaranao(WMP) cross-eyed, wall-eyed PWMP *ileR ilehKelabit(WMP) cleverness, intelligence, wisdom PWMP *ila₂ ilehLun Dayeh(WMP) knowledge PWMP *ila₂ iləkKelabit(WMP) armpit PWMP *ilek ílekIlokano(WMP) kind of large spotted marine fish with tasty meat, rudder fish, Kyphosus sp. PPH *hilek ilekLun Dayeh(WMP) armpit PWMP *ilek ilekYami(WMP) type of fish: snubnose rudderfish (considered the best type of fish) PPH *hilek ilemMaranao(WMP) swarthiness, brown PMP *qilem i-lemmésIlokano(WMP) to drown (someone) PMP *lemes i-lenlénIlokano(WMP) to wrinkle, ruffle, push to one side PPH *lenlen ileŋKayan(WMP) shaking the head in refusal PMP *ileŋ ileŋKenyah (Long Anap)(WMP) turn the head PMP *ileŋ ʔileŋTiruray(WMP) to twirl, rotate PMP *ileŋ i-leŋiSa'a(OC) sky, heaven PMP *laŋit ilepMaranao(WMP) to drink, suck PPH *ilep ʔi-ləpasBontok(WMP) to complete; to finish PWMP *lepas ilep-emAgutaynen(WMP) to sip something, such as soup PPH *ilep i-leppásIlokano(WMP) to finish, complete, do until the end PWMP *lepas ʔilə́tBontok(WMP) bind, tighten, make taut PPh *hiRét ilétIlokano(WMP) narrow, strait, constricted, tight, giving little room (openings, garments, etc.); difficult, labored (breath) PWMP *ilet iletKayan(WMP) tight-fitting -- of a small hole or clothing; crowded; tightly packed, of goods PWMP *ilet ilh-ánanCebuano(WMP) identifying mark or sign PWMP *ila₂ iliBare'e(WMP) to stream, flow; go downstream PWMP *qiliR iliʔMongondow(WMP) flow, current PWMP *iliʔ ʔíliBontok(WMP) village; town PMP *hili ʔilíHanunóo(WMP) mountain peak or rocky promontory PMP *qilih ʔiliHawaiian(OC) skin; complexion; hide; scalp; bark; rind, peel POC *kulit iliIbaloy(WMP) town; sometimes esp. the municipio town center as opposed to the barrios/barangays; (also any geopolitical unit, as province or country, e.g. ili ni hapon ‘the country of the Japanese’) PMP *hili iliʔIban(WMP) downstream PWMP *iliʔ iliʔIban(WMP) downstream; (place or position) downriver PWMP *qiliR íliIfugaw(WMP) village not one's own; foreign village PMP *hili íliIlokano(WMP) town PMP *hili iliIlokano(WMP) menstrual flow PWMP *iliʔ íliIsneg(WMP) village, town, country; birthplace, residence PMP *hili ilíItawis(WMP) town PMP *hili iliJavanese(WMP) flow, current PWMP *iliʔ iliJavanese(WMP) flow, current PWMP *qiliR íliKankanaey(WMP) town, city, village, hamlet, borough; country, fatherland, any person living outside of one's village PMP *hili iliKédang(CMP) mountain PCEMP *qili iliLeti(CMP) dwelling of the monarch PCEMP *qili iliMolima(OC) plain uncarved thwart; rod connecting to boom POC *ili iliLakalai(OC) thwarts of a canoe POC *ili iliNiue(OC) to fan; to swing, as a weapon POC *irir iliRoma(CMP) hill PCEMP *qili iliSa'a(OC) the second plank of a canoe POC *ili iliSamoan(OC) to blow; fan POC *irir iliSikaiana(OC) skin POC *kulit iliTalur(CMP) village PMP *hili iliTugun(CMP) village PMP *hili iliUma(WMP) to stream, flow PWMP *qiliR iliWetan(CMP) stone, rock, hill, mountain; used in compounds only, e.g. ili-era anchoring-place, harbor; also in many village names, e.g. Il-miawoora, Gold Stone Mountain PCEMP *qili iliYami(WMP) village PMP *hili íli, ilíh-anCebuano(WMP) remote area, thinly populated, usually forested and inaccessible to vehicles PMP *qilih ili-anMaranao(WMP) fortress, kingdom PMP *qilih ilibPuyuma(Formosan) cave (Ting 1978); a cliff notch where human beings can rest (Cauquelin 2011) PAN *Nihib i-libákIlokano(WMP) to hide; conceal; suppress PPH *libák ʔilhicuSaaroa(Formosan) evil spirit PAN *qaNiCu i-liémKankanaey(WMP) to hide; to conceal; to mask PWMP *lihem ilígAklanon(WMP) to flow (downstream); to flow, drop PWMP *qiliR iligMongondow(WMP) flow; carried off on the current PWMP *qiliR íligSambal (Botolan)(WMP) lean on PPh *hírig íligHiligaynon(WMP) flow, current PWMP *qiliR ílig-anHiligaynon(WMP) ditch, drainage PWMP *qiliR-an i-ligtásBikol(WMP) to save or rescue; to recover, retrieve PPH *lig(e)tas ilih-ánAklanon(WMP) place, location PMP *qilih ilih-ánTagalog(WMP) shelter against wind or rain; mountain retreat PMP *qilih il-ihiʔ-ánAklanon(WMP) urinal, place to urinate PMP *ihiq ili-hunErai(CMP) skirt of the village PMP *hili ilíkKankanaey(WMP) to shell (rice) with the feet PAN *iRik ilíkPangasinan(WMP) unhusked rice PAN *iRik ʔi-likəpBontok(WMP) to shut up, as a house; to close off, as a flow of water PPH *liŋkep i-liklíkIlokano(WMP) to keep someone from danger PPH *liklík i-likuzPaiwan(Formosan) behind (when stationary) PAN *likud i-limAvava(OC) five PAN *lima i-limLeviamp(OC) five PAN *lima i-limLingarak(OC) five PAN *lima i-limSowa(OC) five POC *i-lima i-limVinmavis(OC) five POC *i-lima i-limaMongondow(WMP) the fifth PWMP *iŋ-lima i-limaFordata(CMP) five PAN *lima i-limaTalur(CMP) five PAN *lima i-limaTolai(OC) five POC *i-lima i-limaVowa(OC) five POC *i-lima i-límedIlokano(WMP) to hide, conceal PPH *liméd ilimoMailu(OC) big, softwood tree from which some small canoes are made POC *iRimo ili-(n)Erai(CMP) village PMP *hili iliŋBalinese(WMP) see, look PWMP *hiliŋ iliŋBalinese(WMP) see, look PWMP *iliŋ₂ iliŋJavanese(WMP) to pour something PMP *iliŋ₁ iliŋKenyah (Long Anap)(WMP) turn the body PWMP *iliŋ₃ iliŋMakassarese(WMP) turn the head sideways, bend the head to left or right PWMP *iliŋ₃ iliŋMandar(WMP) shake the head in negation PWMP *iliŋ₃ iliŋOld Javanese(WMP) look at (regard, observe) with attention (affection, love) PWMP *hiliŋ iliŋOld Javanese(WMP) look at (regard, observe) with attention (affection, love) PWMP *iliŋ₂ iliŋTae'(WMP) shake the head as a sign of refusal PWMP *iliŋ₃ ilíŋTagalog(WMP) shaking of the head in denial or disapproval PWMP *iliŋ₃ iliŋToba Batak(WMP) bend to the side PWMP *iliŋ₃ ʔiliŋ-ʔiliŋTiruray(WMP) look around, scan PWMP *hiliŋ ʔiliŋ-ʔiliŋTiruray(WMP) look around, scan PWMP *iliŋ₂ iliŋ-ʔiliŋManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) examine or investigate an object carefully PWMP *iliŋ₂ i-liŋi-liŋiWayan(OC) manner of pouring, way something is poured POC *liŋi-liŋi ilirJavanese(WMP) large woven-bamboo fan (to fan the fire, etc.) PMP *irid₁ ilirMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) north PWMP *qiliR ili-ralanErai(CMP) village population PMP *hili i-lislísTagalog(WMP) to lift up the skirt or dress PPH *lesles₁ i-lislísTagalog(WMP) to lift up the skirt or dress PPH *lislís ʔilítBontok(WMP) outskirts of the village, uninhabited areas outside the village PPh *hilít ilítKankanaey(WMP) outside of the town; fields; out of the group of houses, but still on the grounds of the town PPh *hilít ilitoGorontalo(WMP) sliced PMP *qiris ʔíliwBontok(WMP) homesick; lonely for someone PPh *íliw íliwCebuano(WMP) long for something, miss something that one loves PPh *íliw íliwIlokano(WMP) remember (an absent friend, relative, etc.) with affection; long to see; be homesick, nostalgic PPh *íliw íliwIlokano(WMP) homesickness, nostalgia PPh *íliw íliwPangasinan(WMP) homesickness; be homesick PPh *íliw iliw-enIlokano(WMP) to enjoy being with a long absent person PPh *íliw ilixSimalur(WMP) choose, pick out PAN *piliq illaʔMakassarese(WMP) be wide open, of the eyes PMP *hilat illiʔTae'(WMP) flow PWMP *qiliR ilmu (ha)-limun-anMalay(WMP) the magic art of making oneself invisible PMP *limun iloMurut (Tagol)(WMP) 3pl. short form nominative pronoun PMP *ida íloBikol(WMP) be orphaned PWMP *ilu iloBimanese(CMP) torch PMP *qilaw ilóCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) sorcerer, witch; bewitch, make someone sick through witchcraft; to poison, be poison PWMP *hilu iloFijian(OC) look at, as a reflection in water or in a mirror POC *ilo₂ iloHawaiian(OC) maggot, grub; to creep, as worms PMP *qulej íloIlokano(WMP) anything used for cleaning after defecating: toilet paper, a small stick, etc. PAN *qiluS iloJavanese(WMP) look at oneself in the mirror; devote one's attention to PMP *ilaw íloKankanaey(WMP) clean oneself with toilet paper PAN *qiluS iloKwaio(OC) look at POC *qiro iloKwaio(OC) look at POC *tiro iloKwaio(OC) oyster (generic; mostly West Kwaio usage) POC *tiRom ʔiloLau(OC) oyster POC *tiRom iloMalagasy(WMP) torch PMP *qilaw iloManam(OC) the interior, inner life; remember, think of somebody POC *ilo₁ iloMaranao(WMP) orphan PWMP *ilu iloManggarai(CMP) clear, bright PMP *qilaw iloMota(OC) see; know POC *ilo₂ iloLakalai(OC) the inside, the interior; interior of the body, interpreted as the seat of emotions POC *ilo₁ iloNias(WMP) spittle, slaver PMP *iluR₁ iloNukuoro(OC) worm, maggot, intestinal parasites PMP *qulej iloOld Javanese(WMP) look at oneself (in the mirror, etc.); see, watch PMP *ilaw iloSamoan(OC) maggot; carrion-eating worm PMP *qulej iloTae'(WMP) shine, gleam, sparkle PMP *qilaw ʔiloTongan(OC) to see, espy, catch sight of, notice, perceive; find out, discover; be conscious or aware of; recognize, know POC *qiro iloʔ, iluTae'(WMP) desire something PMP *iluR₁ ilo-aSamoan(OC) be maggoty PMP *qulej-an ilo-ánIlokano(WMP) to clean after defecating (a child, etc.) PPh *qiluh-án i-loboŋ-anMongondow(WMP) grave, tomb PAN *lebeŋ₁ ʔíludBontok(WMP) rub one's body with the palm of the hand when bathing, in order to remove ingrained dirt PPh *hírud ilógAklanon(WMP) to flow PAN *iluR₂ ílogIlokano(WMP) creek (of salt water); river PAN *iluR₂ ʔilógPalawan Batak(WMP) river PAN *iluR₂ ílogPangasinan(WMP) river PAN *iluR₂ ílogTagalog(WMP) river PAN *iluR₂ ílo(h)Aklanon(WMP) orphan; to be left an orphan PWMP *ilu i-loksaSambal (Botolan)(WMP) to wear mourning clothes PPH *luk(e)saq ilolIbaloy(WMP) saliva PMP *iluR₁ ilolIbaloy(WMP) saliva PWMP *qizuR ilol-anIbaloy(WMP) to drool on something (as a baby on his clothes) PMP *iluR₁ i-loloSa'a(OC) bowstring POC *rolos i-lomotMongondow(WMP) stifled, smothered PMP *lemes ilo-nGedaged(OC) interior, midst, inside, core, inlet, pith; the seat of thought, will and emotions; heart, mind, self, soul, contents of memory POC *ilo₁ ilo-nunuKwaio(OC) a reflecting pool or mirror POC *qiro ilo-nunuKwaio(OC) a reflecting pool or mirror POC *tiro iloŋBantuqanon(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ ilóŋTagalog(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ ilóŋ-anAklanon(WMP) fish sp. PWMP *ijuŋ-an ílo-ŋ lubósBikol(WMP) an orphan PWMP *ilu ilópPangasinan(WMP) to sip PMP *hiRup iloroʔMakassarese(WMP) moisture in the mouth PMP *iluR₁ ílosAklanon(WMP) to ladle out PAN *qidus ʔilosAmis(Formosan) toilet paper; anything used for wiping PAN *qiluS ilotAgutaynen(WMP) to massage muscles, joints; to set a fracture PPh *hílut ʔílutBontok(WMP) to massage, as a sprained ankle PPh *hílut ílotIsneg(WMP) massagist PPh *hílut ilótPangasinan(WMP) massage or rub gently PPh *hílut ilov-inaMalagasy(WMP) searched for by candle light PMP *qilaw ilowMongondow(WMP) young, green, unripe (plants and fruits), raw (flesh) PPh *hiláw iluBare'e(WMP) orphaned PWMP *ilu iluBare'e(WMP) desire, arouse a desire for something PMP *iluR₁ íluCebuano(WMP) one who has lost a parent PWMP *ilu íluCebuano(WMP) wipe someone after a bowel movement; something used to wipe oneself after a bowel movement PAN *qiluS íluHanunóo(WMP) orphan PWMP *ilu iluHelong(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ íluHiligaynon(WMP) orphan PWMP *ilu iluKomodo(CMP) to spit (at) PMP *iluR₁ iluLamaholot(CMP) saliva PMP *iluR₁ iluLau(OC) drink with a spoon, sup, drink soup POC *iRup iluNggela(OC) to drink cabbage soup POC *iRup ilūOld Javanese(WMP) saliva PMP *iluR₁ *iluPAmb(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iluSangir(WMP) become poisonous PWMP *hilu iluHawu(CMP) saliva, spittle PMP *iluR₁ iluTboli(WMP) orphan PWMP *ilu iluUlawa(OC) to sup (as yam soup) POC *iRup iluUma(WMP) orphaned PWMP *ilu iluManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) orphan PWMP *ilu ilu-Hitu(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ i-luaLenakel(OC) outside PMP *luqaR ilu-adiʔMongondow(WMP) shrub, the leaves of which are used to clean the bottoms of infants in the first few days of life PAN *qiluS i lua-naKwaio(OC) the day before yesterday POC *rua i- luásIlokano(WMP) to take on a trip; bring merchandise to the market PPH *luás ilŭbSiraya (Gravius)(Formosan) closing PAN *qiNeb ilúdIsneg(WMP) to pare, peel (cooked yams, taro rhizomes, etc.) PPh *hírud iluf-iLau(OC) (trans.) POC *iRup iluf-iaLau(OC) (passive) POC *iRup ílugKapampangan(WMP) river PAN *iluR₂ ilugYogad(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR i-luges-lugésIlokano(WMP) to press down, oppress; to squash the feet (over an insect, etc.) PPH *luges ilug-ilug-anTagalog(WMP) rivulet PAN *iluR₂ iluhLun Dayeh(WMP) a poisoning PWMP *hilu iluhMelanau (Mukah)(WMP) channel between the roots of trees in a mangrove swamp PAN *iluR₂ iluh-ánCebuano(WMP) anus PPh *qiluh-án iluh-iUlawa(OC) (trans.) POC *iRup i-luhódTagalog(WMP) to genuflect, to bend the right knee in reverence PPH *luhúd ilu-iluNggela(OC) to drink medicine POC *iRup ilukAtayal (Mayrinax)(Formosan) a plant with edible berry: Rubus parvifolius PAN *RiNuk ilukTausug(WMP) armpit PWMP *ilek i-lúkotIlokano(WMP) to roll up PMP *lukut ilulSimalur(WMP) spittle, slaver PMP *iluR₁ i-lulónTagalog(WMP) to roll up PMP *lulun i-lu-luArop(OC) to vomit PMP *luaq ilúm-əlPalauan(WMP) drink, beverage PWMP *inum-an i-lumutYakan(WMP) to be infested with algae (of fresh water) PMP *lumut ilúŋCebuano(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iluŋTboli(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ i-luŋónIlokano(WMP) to put in a coffin PWMP *luŋun i-lupíIlokano(WMP) to fold, hem PWMP *lupiq ilurManggarai(CMP) saliva PMP *iluR₁ ʔilurSika(CMP) saliva PMP *iluR₁ i-luslósIlokano(WMP) to slide down PMP *luslus i-lusótIlokano(WMP) to put through, thrust in PPH *lusút ílutIlokano(WMP) massage PPh *hílut ílutItawis(WMP) midwife, masseur, native chiropractor PPh *hílut ílutKankanaey(WMP) to rub, apply massage to any injured part of the body PPh *hílut ílut, hílutKapampangan(WMP) a curer (specialist in massage, sprains, bone setting) PPh *hílut i-lútābIsneg(WMP) to spit on PPH *lútab ílut-anKapampangan(WMP) cure, massage PPh *hílut-en ilút-enIlokano(WMP) to massage; rub; knead PPh *hílut ílut-enKankanaey(WMP) apply massage PPh *hílut-en ilhuʔuSaaroa(Formosan) necklace PAN *SiNuq iluv-iNggela(OC) (trans. form) POC *iRup i-luwásBikol(WMP) to take out, to put out PMP *luas₁ i-luwásTagalog(WMP) to export; to send out of the country for sale in another PPH *luás iluyLampung(WMP) saliva, spittle PMP *iluR₁ imBuli(SHWNG) tree with leaves used to make mats PCEMP *ima₂ imGedaged(OC) kind of screw pine (pandanus); has aerial roots, and its leaves are used to make rain capes PCEMP *ima₂ imGilbertese(OC) thy, thee, thou PCEMP *imi imKei(CMP) you (pl.) PCEMP *imi imLonwolwol(OC) house PAN *Rumaq ʔimPalauan(WMP) hand; arm; front paws (of animal) PAN *qa-lima imSoutheast Ambrym(OC) house PAN *Rumaq imTanga(OC) tall shrub with many stalks, the leaves of which provide wrapping material for a corpse prior to burial PCEMP *ima₂ imaAmblong(OC) house PAN *Rumaq imaAraki(OC) house, home PAN *Rumaq ima'Āre'āre(OC) a big clam shell; a big clam shell armlet, worn by the elder men and by the rāmo (mythical ancestral warriors) to break the ribs of their victims PMP *kima imaAtayal(Formosan) who; anyone PAN *ima imaFordata(CMP) tree sp. PCEMP *ima₂ ímaIlokano(WMP) hand sleeve (cp. limá 'five') PMP *ima₁ ímaIsneg(WMP) hand; arm; foreleg of quadrupeds (cp. limmá 'five') PMP *ima₁ ímaItawis(WMP) arm, hand (cp. limá 'five') PMP *ima₁ ɨma-ʔManobo (Kalamansig Cotabato)(WMP) father PMP *ema-q ímaKankanaey(WMP) hand, arm (cp. limá 'five') PMP *ima₁ imaMafea(OC) house PAN *Rumaq imaMagori(OC) hand PAN *qalima imaMalmariv(OC) house PAN *Rumaq ima-Manusela(CMP) hand PAN *qalima imaMekeo (East)(OC) five PAN *lima imaMotu(OC) five PAN *lima imaPaiwan(Formosan) who? (restricted use) PAN *ima imaPaulohi(CMP) pandanus sp. PCEMP *ima₂ imaPazeh(Formosan) who? PAN *ima imaPiamatsina(OC) house PAN *Rumaq imaSasak(WMP) hand (cp. lima 'five') PMP *ima₁ imaSeediq (Truku)(Formosan) who? (for persons, the most common interrogative) PAN *ima ʔimaSika(CMP) shell PMP *kima imá-ʔTagalog(WMP) mother PMP *ema-q ʔimaToqabaqita(OC) general name for giant clams, Tridacna spp. PMP *kima imaTsou(Formosan) drink PAN *imah ima-Ubir(OC) hand PAN *qalima ima, limaNgadha(CMP) hand, arm; five PMP *ima₁ i-maaSa'a(OC) outside, at the door; a stick, a match; a round thing; article, one PMP *mata i-maca-macaFijian(OC) a scar PMP *maja ima-hLele(OC) five PAN *lima imahSeediq(Formosan) drink (imper.) PAN *imah imah lancahSundanese(WMP) spiderweb (lit. ‘house of the spider’) PMP *lawaq₂ ʔimá-lPalauan(WMP) his/her hand or arm, its paws PAN *qa-lima i-malif-a-lifVinmavis(OC) thin POC *manipi-nipis i-malu-maluFijian(OC) the shade of a roof or tree PEMP *maluRu i-man-dáyaIsneg(WMP) people who live upstream PAN *daya i-mapKatbol(OC) heavy POC *mapat imaRPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) grease, fat PAN *SimaR ʔimarəSaaroa(Formosan) grease, fat PAN *SimaR i-masLingarak(OC) cooked POC *maosak i-mataArop(OC) to die POC *mate i-mata-anIbaloy(WMP) to see something for oneself, precisely, personally; to recognize something PMP *mata i mate-nSeimat(OC) he is dying POC *mate-na im aten bua meduŋ men sepuiKayan(WMP) please take some papaya fruit to our grandfather PMP *hateD imátonIfugaw(WMP) sign at which someone is recognized PPh *himatún imatónIlokano(WMP) care for, look after, attend to, heed, mark, observe, notice PPh *himatún imatónIsneg(WMP) sign; something by which the seasons are announced (for planting, weeding, etc.); a mark, a reminder for remembering a certain place PPh *himatún imátonKankanaey(WMP) find out about; notice; discern; know; recognize; distinguish PPh *himatún imatónPangasinan(WMP) observe, see, witness, test with the senses PPh *himatún i-mavLingarak(OC) heavy POC *mapat imaʔBunun (Isbukun)(Formosan) five PAN *lima imbaManggarai(CMP) balance; compare PMP *imbaŋ im-bábawTagalog(WMP) superficially PAN *i babaw im-bálo (in-valo)Malagasy(WMP) eight times PWMP *in-walu imbaŋBahasa Indonesia(WMP) weigh, balance; compare PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋBalinese(WMP) compare PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋBanjarese(WMP) weigh, balance; compare PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) friend; compared with PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋJavanese(WMP) weight PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋKaro Batak(WMP) alter-ego, competitor, foe PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋManggarai(CMP) to weigh, balance PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋToba Batak(WMP) co-wife (only the first wife uses this expression) PMP *imbaŋ imbaŋ-anJavanese(WMP) equal; in balance with each other PMP *imbaŋ ímbawAklanon(WMP) clam shell PMP *qibaw₁ ímbawCebuano(WMP) kind of grey lucene clam with concentric ridges running along the width but with no vertical lines, 2 to 3 inches in width PMP *qibaw₁ imbeNggela(OC) mat POC *ibe imboMalagasy(WMP) a strong and offensive odor, but less strong than hantsina PMP *imbu imbokIban(WMP) Red cuckoo-dove, Little cuckoo-dove, Spotted-necked dove PMP *ibuk imbuBare'e(WMP) water spirit which appears in many forms PMP *imbuk imbuʔSasak(WMP) increase PWMP *imbuq imbuaʔRejang(WMP) increment, increase, addition PWMP *imbuq im-buaʔ-anMongondow(WMP) remove the endosperm of a germinating coconut to eat (children love to do this) PMP *buaq imbuhBalinese(WMP) add, increase, be heaped up PWMP *imbuq imbuhJavanese(WMP) something in addition; supplement; a second helping PWMP *imbuq imbuhOld Javanese(WMP) increase, addition PWMP *imbuq im-buluToba Batak(WMP) body hair, feathers PMP *bulu₁ imbulu buntalToba Batak(WMP) spines of the puffer fish, used to concoct poisons PMP *buntal imburIban(WMP) scatter or splash with the hands PWMP *imbuR ʔimeSa'a(OC) the bear’s paw clam PMP *kima ʔimeUlawa(OC) a large clamshell armlet, grooved, worn by elder men PMP *kima i melu-neSa'a(OC) under the shadow, the rule of; used in names of chiefs PEMP *maluRu i Melutei raraSa'a(OC) ‘In the shade of the coral tree’, name of a village on Uki POC *rarap i metLeipon(OC) he is dead POC *mate i-metLele(OC) he is dying PMP *atay i-metaktakNasarian(OC) fear POC *matakut ʔimfasTiruray(WMP) settle accounts PMP *qimpas imiGilbertese(OC) you (pl.) PCEMP *imi imiKamarian(CMP) you (pl.) PCEMP *imi imiPaulohi(CMP) you (pl.) PCEMP *imi imiTetun(CMP) you (pl.) PCEMP *imi imiWetan(CMP) you (pl.) PCEMP *imi i-mimiIbaloy(WMP) to urinate something (as blood) PMP *mimi ɨminGaddang(WMP) all PAN *qemin iminGimán(SHWNG) to drink PMP *inum im-iniPazeh(Formosan) this PAN *i-ni imi-niaTetun(CMP) your PCEMP *imi ɨmisBinukid(WMP) sweet PMP *emis₁ i-m̋itLeviamp(OC) black POC *ma-qetom ɨmɨyManobo (Ilianen)(WMP) cooked rice PMP *hemay ɨmmaʔSamal(WMP) father PMP *ama-q ɨmma-ʔSamal(WMP) father PMP *ema-q im-mihLevei(OC) dream PCEMP *mipi immitKankanaey(WMP) eat, take, etc. by little bits PWMP *imit imn-aAklanon(WMP) drink (imper.) PWMP *inum-a imn-ún-unCebuano(WMP) alcoholic liquor or beverage; any liquid for drinking; folk medicine consisting of boiled herbs and roots taken orally PWMP *inum-en ímoAklanon(WMP) your (sg.), you PMP *imu imoItbayaten(WMP) you PMP *imu imoKédang(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina ímonAklanon(WMP) be possessive (of), hold on to PPh *qímun imónBikol(WMP) envious, covetous, jealous PPh *qímun ʔímunBontok(WMP) jealous over a person of the opposite sex PPh *qímun imónCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) be suspicious, be jealous (of one's spouse, that he or she has been unfaithful) PPh *qímun ímonIlokano(WMP) jealousy, envy (about matters of the heart, as opposed to apal, which concerns material goods) PPh *qímun imonAyta Abellan(WMP) jealous PPh *qímun imótAklanon(WMP) miserly, thrifty, penny-pinching PPh *ímut imotAyta Abellan(WMP) stingy, selfish PPh *ímut ímotBikol(WMP) selfish, stingy, miserly, niggardly; a tightwad PPh *ímut ʔímutBontok(WMP) selfish PPh *ímut impaBanjarese(WMP) watch out for, beware PMP *hipaʔ impaNgaju Dayak(WMP) lie in wait for, ambush PMP *hipaʔ ímpasAklanon(WMP) pay in full, pay one's account PMP *qimpas impásCebuano(WMP) paid off, up; be done for, finished off, dead PMP *qimpas impasCebuano(WMP) paid off, up; be done for, finished off, dead PPH *impas impasMaranao(WMP) pay debt fully; wipe out, consume PMP *qimpas impasMaranao(WMP) pay debt fully, wipe out, consume PPH *impas impasToba Batak(WMP) complete PMP *qimpas impasAgutaynen(WMP) consumed; all used up; all gone; completely finished PPH *impas impenYakan(WMP) tooth, teeth PMP *ipen impesJavanese(WMP) reduce a swelling PMP *i(m)pes impetSasak(WMP) lock, shut, close PWMP *hiqepet impiBare'e(WMP) walk along the edge (so as to make room for someone passing) PAN *ipit impiSundanese(WMP) dream PMP *hipi impiTae'(WMP) a dream PMP *hipi impi, ipiBalinese(WMP) a dream PMP *hipi impi, ipiJavanese(WMP) a dream PMP *hipi impi, ipiSasak(WMP) a dream PMP *hipi impísKapampangan(WMP) thin PAN *iŋ(e)pis impisKavalan(Formosan) thin PAN *iŋ(e)pis ímpisPangasinan(WMP) thin (inanimate objects only) PAN *iŋ(e)pis impísTagalog(WMP) shrunken, deflated PWMP *impes impísTagalog(WMP) shrunken, deflated PMP *i(m)pes impísTagalog(WMP) shrunken, deflated PPh *qepés impítItawis(WMP) thinness PAN *iŋ(e)pis impítTagalog(WMP) pressed, compressed PMP *qipit impitTontemboan(WMP) narrow (as a river) PMP *qipit im-pitoMalagasy(WMP) seven times PWMP *im-pitu im-pituMongondow(WMP) seventh PWMP *im-pitu impoBare'e(WMP) a tree: Antiaris toxicaria (Malay ipoh); poison from this tree, smeared on blowgun darts PWMP *qipuq impóTagalog(WMP) grandmother PMP *empu impóTagalog(WMP) grandmother PMP *impu₂ im-poloMalagasy(WMP) ten times PWMP *im-puluʔ ímponAklanon(WMP) mingle, mix with; consist of PMP *qi(m)pun imponMapun(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen imponNgaju Dayak(WMP) what is gathered PMP *qi(m)pun imponAbaknon(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen impuBare'e(WMP) collect, gather PMP *qi(m)pun impuManggarai(CMP) heap; to heap up PMP *impu₁ *ɨmpuPSS(WMP) grandparent/grandchild PMP *empu impuToba Batak(WMP) collect, gather PMP *impu₁ im-puluʔMongondow(WMP) the tenth PWMP *im-puluʔ impunBalinese(WMP) sp. of small sea fish PMP *hipun₁ impunIban(WMP) gather into a flock; keep safe, take care of (as a mother hen gathering her chicks) PMP *qi(m)pun impunKaro Batak(WMP) gathered together PMP *qi(m)pun impunManggarai(CMP) heap up, gather together PMP *qi(m)pun impunOld Javanese(WMP) gathered, brought together; bound up, combined; concise PMP *qi(m)pun impunSundanese(WMP) collect, gather PMP *qi(m)pun impuŋManggarai(CMP) fingerling of the ikan mua that begins swimming upriver from the sea in February-March PMP *hipun₁ imputKaro Batak(WMP) tail end, esp. of a chicken PWMP *imput imput-imputSasak(WMP) tail-bone (of animals) PWMP *imput ímuCebuano(WMP) you (sg.) PMP *imu ímuHiligaynon(WMP) your, yours (second person sg. pre-position source pronoun) PMP *imu -imuKavalan(Formosan) 1pl. excl. nominative PAN *amu i-mudmúdIlokano(WMP) to press down on a surface with the hands; keep down PPH *mudmúd i-múlaIlokano(WMP) to plant, to sow; to insert, to implant (a new, fresh strip of bamboo, etc. while weaving baskets, etc.); to insert (a tenon into a mortise); to incrust with, to incrustate with, to inlay PAN *mula ímutIlokano(WMP) avaricious, stingy, tight-fisted, niggardly, miserly PPh *ímut imútKapampangan(WMP) stingy PPh *ímut imut-imútCebuano(WMP) be financially hard-up on a long-term basis PPh *ímut imwWoleaian(OC) house, dwelling, room, shelter PAN *Rumaq imwaMota(OC) a house PAN *Rumaq imwa-Woleaian(OC) possessive classifier for dwellings or sleeping places PAN *Rumaq imwe-Pohnpeian(OC) possessive classifier used for buildings PAN *Rumaq -in-Agutaynen(WMP) marker of past tense, undergoer or instrument focus PAN *<in> -in-Aklanon(WMP) object focus and intensive infix PAN *<in> -inAmara(OC) to drink PMP *inum (-)in-Atayal(Formosan) infix or prefix forming the passive perfect; infix forming nouns PAN *<in> -in-Kelabit(WMP) marker of perfective aspect PAN *<in> inBebeli(OC) to drink PMP *inum -in-Bikol(WMP) infix marking past and progressive tenses of verbs that take -on, i-, and -an in the regular series PAN *<in> -in-Mongondow(WMP) infix which forms passives from underived verbs, thereby indicates that something or someone has entirely undergone the action described by the verb; past tense PAN *<in> ʔin-Bontok(WMP) completive aspect infix PAN *<in> -in-Bunun(Formosan) past tense infix PAN *<in> -in-Cebuano(WMP) marker of deverbal nouns representing the products of an action PAN *<in> -in-Chamorro(WMP) nominalizing and goal focus infix PAN *<in> inDusner(SHWNG) fish PEMP *ikan -in-Hoava(OC) nominalizing infix PAN *<in> -in-Ifugaw(WMP) infix denoting the frequency or intensity of an action PMP *hin- -in-Ilokano(WMP) perfective infix of -en and -an verbs and many complex verbs with these endings PAN *<in> -inIrarutu(SHWNG) to drink PMP *inum in-Kankanaey(WMP) a prefix; the past form of the suffix -en and of the prefix -i- PAN *<in> inKei(CMP) drinking, consumption of liquids PMP *inum InLou(OC) lie down POC *qenop -in-Lun Dayeh(WMP) marker of perfective aspect PAN *<in> inMarshallese(OC) this PAN *i-ni -in-Mentawai(WMP) passive marker PAN *<in> inMinyaifuin(SHWNG) fish PEMP *ikan inMotlav(OC) to drink PMP *inum inNumfor(SHWNG) fish PEMP *ikan (-)in-Paiwan(Formosan) past tense; action has already begun or been done PAN *<in> inPenchal(OC) to drink PMP *inum inRon(SHWNG) fish PEMP *ikan (-)in-Roviana(OC) a prefix or infix used to form nouns from verbs and adjectives PAN *<in> inSawai(SHWNG) fish PEMP *ikan -inTagalog(WMP) direct passive; also used in imperatives; e.g. Bibilh-in mo ba iyon para sa akin? Will you buy that for me? (Schachter and Otanes 1972:454); Kudkur-in mo aŋ niyog Grate the coconut (Schachter and Otanes 1972:297) PAN *-en -in-Tagalog(WMP) marker of perfective aspect PAN *<in> -in-Thao(Formosan) marker of perfective or completive aspect; formative for deverbal nouns PAN *<in> -in-Murut (Timugon)(WMP) past temporal aspect PAN *<in> -in-Toba Batak(WMP) marker of the passive and deverbal nouns PAN *<in> -in-Tolai(OC) infix, inserted after the first letter of a verb to form a noun PAN *<in> -in-Wetan(CMP) infix, used mainly to form nouns from verb-stems PAN *<in> -in-Wolio(WMP) marker of deverbal nouns PAN *<in> in-East Damar(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaAdonara(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaAdonara(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina ináAklanon(WMP) M PMP *ina inaAmis(Formosan) mother PAN *ina inaAnakalangu(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina ina-Ansus(SHWNG) mother PCEMP *ina inaAsilulu(CMP) mother, mother’s sister PCEMP *ina inaBalinese(WMP) mother (animals) PMP *ina inaBare'e(WMP) sleep, lie down PAN *qinep ina-ʔKelabit(WMP) my daughter (addr.) PAN *iná-q inaBekatan(WMP) mother PMP *ina ináBikol(WMP) M PMP *ina iná-ʔBikol(WMP) M PAN *iná-q inaBimanese(CMP) M PCEMP *ina inaBoano₂(CMP) how much/how many? PAN *pijax ina-ʔMongondow(WMP) mother (in general) PAN *iná-q ʔínaBontok(WMP) term of address for one's female relatives at the first ascending generation level; mother; aunt; mother-in-law PMP *ina inaBuginese(WMP) M PMP *ina inaBuol(WMP) mother PMP *ina inaBuruese(CMP) M PCEMP *ina ínaCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) M (ref) PMP *ina inaCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) that, there (2p) PMP *i-na ináCebuano(WMP) old word for 'mother' that is confined to set phrases PMP *ina inaChamorro(WMP) exclamation, oh!, wow! PMP *qina inaChuukese(OC) there it is (by you) PMP *i-na ina-ʔManobo (Dibabawon)(WMP) M (addr.) PAN *iná-q inaDonggo(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaIban(WMP) M PMP *ina ínaIfugaw(WMP) my mother PMP *ina ináIfugaw(WMP) M PMP *ina ināIsneg(WMP) mother (sometimes: aunt or any relative whose relationship is similar to that of a mother) PMP *ina inaItbayaten(WMP) M (referential or vocative) PMP *ina ináItawis(WMP) M PMP *ina inaKadazan Dusun(WMP) M (addr) PMP *ina inaKambera(CMP) M PCEMP *ina ínaKankanaey(WMP) my mother PMP *ina ináKankanaey(WMP) mother, parent PMP *ina ina-ʔKenyah (Long Wat)(WMP) M (addr., voc.) PAN *iná-q inaKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) this PMP *i-na ina-Kola(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaKomodo(CMP) M PCEMP *ina inaKurudu(SHWNG) mother PCEMP *ina inaLamaholot (dialectal)(CMP) M PCEMP *ina inaLarike(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaLeti(CMP) M PCEMP *ina inaKenyah (Long Anap)(WMP) that PMP *i-na inaLi'o(CMP) this PMP *i-na inaMakassarese(WMP) M (poetic) PMP *ina inaMaori(OC) used to emphasize statements as to quality PMP *qina ina-ʔMaranao(WMP) M PAN *iná-q inaMbula(OC) that (anaphoric) PMP *i-na inaMentawai(WMP) M PMP *ina ina-ʔGana(WMP) M PAN *iná-q inaMoor(SHWNG) M PCEMP *ina inaMotu(OC) address of a child to its mother; ina used also when speaking to a child of its mother PCEMP *ina inaMotu(OC) this PMP *i-na inaMotu(OC) interjection: oh! PMP *qina inaNauna(OC) M (addr. and ref.) PCEMP *ina inaNgadha(CMP) M PCEMP *ina inaNggela(OC) exclamation: is that so! Indeed! PMP *qina inaNias(WMP) mother, aunt PMP *ina inaNuaulu(CMP) how much/how many? PAN *pijax inaNumfor(SHWNG) M (obsolescent term) PCEMP *ina inaPaiwan(Formosan) mother! (vocative) PAN *ina ʔina-ʔPalawan Batak(WMP) M PAN *iná-q *inaPAmb(CMP) M PCEMP *ina ináPangasinan(WMP) M PMP *ina inaPaulohi(CMP) M PCEMP *ina inaPazeh(Formosan) mother PAN *ina *ina-ʔPMin(WMP) M PAN *iná-q inaPopalia(WMP) mother PMP *ina inaPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) mother, MZ, FZ (ref) PAN *ina inaRarotongan(OC) interjection: there! behold! I told you so!; let me see!; move to one side!; show it to me! PMP *qina inaRembong(CMP) that (2p); then PMP *i-na ina-Roma(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaSaisiyat(Formosan) mother PAN *ina ina-ʔSangir(WMP) M PAN *iná-q inaSaparua(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaSasak(WMP) mother animal; brooding hen PMP *ina ina-ʔSasak(WMP) mother (of commoners) PAN *iná-q inaHawu(CMP) M PCEMP *ina ina-Serui-Laut(SHWNG) M PCEMP *ina ina-Seru(WMP) mother PMP *ina inaSika(CMP) M PCEMP *ina inaSimalur(WMP) M PMP *ina inaSoboyo(CMP) mother; most prominent or largest member of a set PCEMP *ina ináTagalog(WMP) M PMP *ina inaThao(Formosan) mother PAN *ina ʔina-ʔTiruray(WMP) aunt, female of next ascending generation other than one's mother PAN *iná-q inaTitan(OC) M (addr. and ref.) PCEMP *ina inaToba Batak(WMP) M, MZ, FBW PMP *ina inăTolai(OC) M (rare) PCEMP *ina inaTongan(OC) show the teeth, grin or laugh (esp. in derision or ridicule) POC *inap inaTugun(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaUjir(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina ina-ʔUma(WMP) mother, aunt PAN *iná-q inaVaikenu(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina inaWahai(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina ina-ʔManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) M (addr.) PAN *iná-q inaWetan(CMP) M, MZ, FZ, MBW, FBW PCEMP *ina īnaWetan(CMP) fish PMP *hikan inaWolio(WMP) M PMP *ina ináMalaweg(WMP) mother PMP *ina inaHula(OC) mother PMP *t-ina inaSuau(OC) this PMP *i-na iná-aRukai (Budai)(Formosan) mother (address) PAN *ina inaʔ-aSaaroa(Formosan) M (ref.) PAN *iná-q inaaTae'(WMP) ghost; soul; heart; mind PMP *nihawa ina-amaKambera(CMP) title of authority; also: title of wife-givers PMP *ina ama ina-ama-nLamaholot(CMP) parents PMP *ina ama ina-ama-nTetun(CMP) name by which some important kingdoms are known, mostly those with special privileges PMP *ina ama ínaʔ-ámaʔ guraŋunHanunóo(WMP) parents PMP *ina ama ina atiLeti(CMP) fish heart; also in a figurative sense PMP *qatay ina beli-tákRotinese(CMP) a woman for whom the brideprice has not been paid at the time of marriage; an illegally married woman PMP *beli ina-cilaAmis (Kiwit)(Formosan) yesterday PAN *siRa₁ inaeMekeo (East)(OC) belly PMP *t<in>aqi ina-enItbayaten(WMP) female animal with offspring; foster mother; mother-in-law; one considered as mother PWMP *ina-en in-afuhLun Dayeh(WMP) swept with a broom by someone PWMP *s<in>apu i-nagan-anIlokano(WMP) to nominate, to name, call by name PWMP *i-ŋajan(-an) inaɣeHula(OC) bowels PMP *t<in>aqi inagk-ónaIsneg(WMP) ancestors, elder brothers PMP *unah inahKenyah (Long Wat)(WMP) that PMP *i-na ina-hMokilese(OC) his mother PCEMP *ina inahĕʔSangir(WMP) red glow of evening, with reference both to the color and to the optical effect observed at the setting of the sun PPH *inaR inah-ínTagalog(WMP) hen or mother animal PWMP *ina-en ina-iDusun Malang(WMP) M PMP *iná-i ína-ínaAklanon(WMP) foster mother; stepmother PWMP *ina ina ina-ínaCebuano(WMP) stepmother; foster mother PWMP *ina ina ina-inaDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) mother animal PMP *ina ʔinaʔ-ináHanunóo(WMP) thumb or great toe of man or of animals in general PWMP *ina ina ina-inaTialo(WMP) aunt (addr.) PWMP *ina ina ina-inaToba Batak(WMP) married women PWMP *ina ina ina(k)Rotinese(CMP) woman; mother; mother's sister; wife; female (animal); large PCEMP *ina ina-kTetun(CMP) female (of animals) PCEMP *ina inalTboli(WMP) thin ray of light; dim light, tiny spark PPH *inaR in-alapMongondow(WMP) captured, seized, taken PAN *in-alap in-alapOld Javanese(WMP) was taken, fetched, carried off, stolen, seized, won PAN *in-alap in-alapPaiwan(Formosan) something which has been taken; one's catch (hunting) PAN *in-alap ina limaBalinese(WMP) thumb PMP *ina ni lima ina limaKomodo(CMP) thumb PMP *ina ni lima ínamKankanaey(WMP) palatable; tasteful; savory PPh *hínam inamMaranao(WMP) expectation, prospect, hope for something PPh *hínam inámPangasinan(WMP) crave for food, drink, clothing, etc. PPh *hínam ʔinamTiruray(WMP) a hopeful expectation; to hopefully expect something PPh *hínam in-amák-anCebuano(WMP) something woven like amákan PWMP *amak ina-mamaMotu(OC) address of child to its mother and father PMP *ina ama ina(n)Erai(CMP) mother, mother's sister, and the other female members of mother's lineage and generation PCEMP *ina ina-nErai(CMP) female (of animals) PCEMP *ina ina-nLamaholot (dialectal)(CMP) female (of animals) PCEMP *ina inanMurik(WMP) that one PWMP *-nan ina-nTetun(CMP) M, MZ; female (of animals) PCEMP *ina inanaMussau(OC) food POC *k<in>an in-anáaw-anIlokano(WMP) kind of hat made with anáaw leaves PMP *qanahaw in-anak-anMongondow(WMP) family, lineage PPh *hin-anak-an in-anak-ánKankanaey(WMP) having young ones, having a child. Applied to animals and to unmarried women who have a natural child PPh *hin-anak-an in-an-anakGaddang(WMP) bilateral personal kindred (formerly the effective units in revenge and wergild (Lebar 1975:101) PPh *hin-anak-an ina-náwaSambal (Tina)(WMP) breath (Jason Lobel p.c.) PMP *nihawa in-ániCebuano(WMP) harvested rice or millet PMP *qanih inan idunMelanau (Sarikei)(WMP) there PWMP *-nan ina ni taŋanToba Batak(WMP) thumb PMP *ina ni lima in-anuOld Javanese(WMP) do something or other, do you-know-what PWMP *in-anu ina-ŋBuginese(WMP) M PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) M PMP *iná-ŋ ʔiná-ŋHanunóo(WMP) M (voc.) PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋIban(WMP) nursing; nurse, rear (animals) PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋMalay(WMP) duenna; governess of an unmarried girl of high rank. Etymologically the word suggests "mother" but in a way implying low rank PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋManggarai(CMP) FZ, SpM, MBW PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋOld Javanese(WMP) mother, elderly woman PMP *iná-ŋ *ina-ŋPMin(WMP) M PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋSangir(WMP) M PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋSiang(WMP) MZ, FZ PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋSika(CMP) M; female of animals PMP *iná-ŋ iná-ŋTagalog(WMP) appellation for iná, mother PMP *iná-ŋ iná-ŋToba Batak(WMP) M (voc.) PMP *iná-ŋ ina-ŋTotoli(WMP) M PMP *iná-ŋ iná-ŋ, inó-ŋToba Batak(WMP) vocative of ina (mother); at the same time an interjection of pain, astonishment, etc. PMP *qina inaŋaMaori(OC) whitebait, the adult of the minnow Galaxias attenuatus (also the fry), and the fry of the smelt Retropinna retropinna POC *jiŋana inaŋaSamoan(OC) whitebait of Eleotris sp. POC *jiŋana in-aŋin-aŋinOld Javanese(WMP) fluttering in the wind PMP *haŋin ina-ŋ u limaSangir(WMP) thumb PMP *ina ni lima ina-oBatu Merah(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina i naʔo-i'Āre'āre(OC) before, in front of; in former times POC *nago i naʔo-ku'Āre'āre(OC) before my time POC *nago ina-onIfugaw (Amganad)(WMP) MZ, FZ PWMP *ina-en ina-onKadazan Dusun(WMP) to be addressed as “mother” PWMP *ina-en ʔinapAmis(Formosan) jealousy, be jealous PAN *qijap inapPatep(OC) laugh (Hooley 1971) POC *inap in-api, in-apuyOld Javanese(WMP) be on fire PWMP *h<in>apuy in-ápoAklanon(WMP) grandchildren PPh *in-apu in-apóKankanaey(WMP) son-in-law; daughter-in-law PPh *in-apu in-apt-anKapampangan(WMP) place of thatching PWMP *q<in>atep-an in-apusOld Javanese(WMP) to bind, ensnare; to bind together PWMP *R<in>apus in-apúx-ānItbayaten(WMP) chew, consisting of three parts: a section of betel nut, a piece of a betel leaf and a sprinkling of lime. When it is offered to the spirits, the lime may be wanting, but it is still called by the same name PAN *qapuR in-apúyIlokano(WMP) cooked rice PWMP *h<in>apuy in-apúyIsneg(WMP) cooked rice PWMP *h<in>apuy ina-rGaloli(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina ínarIlokano(WMP) scorching heat of the sun PPH *inaR in-arakOld Javanese(WMP) to conduct in procession PWMP *in-aRak ina rimaBimanese(CMP) thumb PMP *ina ni lima inar-inarLun Dayeh(WMP) a bright red color (as of a fire) PMP *sinaR ʔin-ʔasáwaBontok(WMP) marry one another (reciprocal) PWMP *q<in>asawa ʔ<in>asínBontok(WMP) salted pig meat PWMP *q<in>asin in-asínCebuano(WMP) food preserved in salt PWMP *q<in>asin in-asn-ánTagalog(WMP) salted PAN *qasiN in-asugMurut (Timugon)(WMP) ritual name for the babalian (shaman) PWMP *asug inatKelabit(WMP) a pull, tug PWMP *iñat inatBinukid(WMP) to stretch, pull (something) taut PWMP *iñat ʔínatBontok(WMP) to stretch, as an elastic band or a sweater; to pull tight, as a loose thread PWMP *iñat ínatCebuano(WMP) stretch, cause to extend farther in length or time PWMP *iñat ínatIfugaw(WMP) to draw out, stretch out, lengthen, extend something by pulling PWMP *iñat ínatIlokano(WMP) stretch, stretch oneself (as persons or animals after awakening) PWMP *iñat ínatKankanaey(WMP) to stretch, lengthen, extend PWMP *iñat inatKallahan (Kayapa)(WMP) pull a rope PWMP *iñat inátTagalog(WMP) stretching one’s arms and legs, esp. after waking up PWMP *iñat ʔin-átalBontok(WMP) to divide into the appropriate number of piles, as in the distribution or sharing of meat or fish PPH *hátaR i-nataŋAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) cook vegetables PMP *nateŋ in-atáyAklanon(WMP) liver disease PMP *qatay in-ateLun Dayeh(WMP) was killed PMP *in-atay inát-enKankanaey(WMP) be stretched by PPh *iñát-en ʔ<in>atə́pBontok(WMP) a house style in which the roof is thatched PWMP *q<in>atep in-aterOld Javanese(WMP) was escorted, was brought PWMP *h<in>ateD in-atodMongondow(WMP) what has been brought; was brought, was escorted PWMP *h<in>ateD inát-unCebuano(WMP) be stretched by PPh *iñát-en i-nauBugotu(OC) I POC *naku i-nauMota(OC) 1sg., I, me POC *naku i-nauPaamese(OC) I, me, 1sg. POC *naku i-nauRaga(OC) 1sg. POC *naku in-auTorau(OC) 1sg, I, me PAN *aku i-nauUlawa(OC) 1sg., used as subject and also as a possessive POC *naku ina-únCebuano(WMP) godmother; act as godmother PWMP *ina-en inaʔ-unTausug(WMP) aunt PWMP *ina-en i-navalʸPaiwan(Formosan) toward the upper reaches of river (thus "south" if the river runs from south to north) PAN *wanaN in-avoyoItbayaten(WMP) molasses, juice of sugarcane; sugarcane juice gotten after milling PPH *abuyu ináwaSambal (Bolinaw)(WMP) breath (Jason Lobel p.c.) PMP *nihawa inawaMuna(WMP) life-sustaining force, spirit, soul (of people, animals, also maize and rice; when people die this soul leaves the body) PMP *nihawa -ináwaKapampangan(WMP) rest PMP *nihawa inawa-(n)Yami(WMP) breath PMP *nihawa inawá-wənSambal (Botolan)(WMP) breath (Jason Lobel p.c.) PMP *nihawa inawoTombonuwo(WMP) soul PMP *nihawa in-axapItbayaten(WMP) was taken; took, got PAN *in-alap iná-yBikol(WMP) mom (informal) PMP *iná-i ina-yBinukid(WMP) M PMP *iná-i ɨnayManobo (Kalamansig Cotabato)(WMP) sand PAN *qenay ina-yKayan (Long Atip)(WMP) M, MZ, FZ (addr., voc.) PMP *iná-i ina-yKenyah (Long Dunin)(WMP) M, MZ, FZ (addr., voc.) PMP *iná-i iná-yTagalog(WMP) M (addr.) PMP *iná-i ina-yTatana(WMP) aunt PMP *iná-i i-nayThao(Formosan) here, this, these PAN *nay iná-y, inó-yIfugaw(WMP) exclamation denoting astonishment or surprise PMP *qina in-áyamAklanon(WMP) act like a dog (implying overt sexual behavior) PWMP *qayam₂ incepKaro Batak(WMP) to drink (of animals); suck, slurp PAN *hisep incepKaro Batak(WMP) drink (of animals), slurp PMP *qisep incutMalay(WMP) awry; out of position, as a strained limb; sidelong movement PMP *icud indaBare'e(WMP) debt PWMP *hinzam indá-ʔKapampangan(WMP) mother PWMP *inda₂ indaʔMandar(WMP) step, tread on PMP *inzak inda(a)Wolio(WMP) no, not PWMP *inda₃ in-dadáŋIlokano(WMP) re-warmed (food) PWMP *d<in>aŋdaŋ in-dahanToba Batak(WMP) cooked rice PMP *zakan in-d̲ahan-anKadazan Dusun(WMP) place to walk PMP *zalan inda-iIban(WMP) mother, call mother, term of reference or address for woman of mother's generation PWMP *inda₂ indákTagalog(WMP) jig, dance; gambol; skip and dance; tap dancing PWMP *enzak indákTagalog(WMP) jig dance; gambol; skip and dance; tap dancing PMP *inzak in-dálaIfugaw(WMP) menstruation PAN *daRaq in-dalaSangir(WMP) people from the interior PAN *daya in-dālaIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) to menstruate PAN *daRaq indámKapampangan(WMP) borrow, lend PWMP *hinzam indanTae'(WMP) lend, borrow PWMP *hinzam indanMaranao(WMP) eulogy; to eulogize, praise PWMP *i(n)dan indaŋAcehnese(WMP) wooden vessel in which gold is panned PWMP *indaŋ indáŋIlokano(WMP) overseer, supervisor, superintendent, foreman, inspector; to mind, regard with attention PWMP *indaŋ indaŋMandar(WMP) borrow, lend PWMP *hinzam inda-ŋNgaju Dayak(WMP) mother PWMP *inda₂ inda-ŋOld Javanese(WMP) mother PWMP *inda₂ iṇḍaŋOld Javanese(WMP) go round in or among (in order to search, inspect, etc.) PWMP *indaŋ indaŋToba Batak(WMP) test, examine, observe PWMP *indaŋ inda(ŋ), nda(ŋ)Toba Batak(WMP) no, not (used in tag questions to elicit an affirmative reply) PWMP *inda₃ indaŋ-iBare'e(WMP) debt; money that is lent PWMP *hinzam ində_-ʔSimalur(WMP) mother animal PWMP *indu-q ində_-xSimalur(WMP) mother (as address) PWMP *indu-q indiToba Batak(WMP) that, there PMP *i-di indigeʔSangir(WMP) stride forward slowly and solemnly, with the legs moving and the upper torso motionless PWMP *izig in-dimyMalagasy(WMP) five times PWMP *iŋ-lima i-n-dirSelaru(CMP) to stand PAN *diRi indoBare'e(WMP) mother (animal); big PWMP *indu-q indóʔSambal (Botolan)(WMP) mother PWMP *indu-q indo-ʔBuginese(WMP) mother, mother animal PWMP *indu-q indoʔRejang(WMP) mother, matrix, dam PWMP *indu-q indo-ʔTae'(WMP) mother; as a term of address generally shortened to ndoʔ; indoʔ is often an element in teknonyms, e.g. indoʔ Sampe 'mother of Sampe'; in a number of expressions indoʔ occurs in the sense of 'leader, head, predecessor' PWMP *indu-q indo-kMalay(WMP) mother, dam (of animals), base or home in certain games PWMP *indu-q indo-k ayamMalay(WMP) laying hen PWMP *indu-q indo-ŋMalay(WMP) mother PWMP *indu-ŋ indràm-anaMalagasy(WMP) used of the person from whom something is borrowed PWMP *hinzam-an indràm-inaMalagasy(WMP) used of the thing which is to be borrowed PWMP *hinzam-en índranaMalagasy(WMP) borrowed PWMP *hinzam in-droaMalagasy(WMP) twice PWMP *in-duha indu-ʔIban(WMP) woman, mother, female, feminine; female of a pair; sacred plants set with the stones as the "centre" of a padi field; principal, chief, main or bigger member of a class PWMP *indu-q indúKapampangan(WMP) mother PWMP *indu indu-ʔMaloh(WMP) mother PWMP *indu-q induMinangkabau(WMP) mother PWMP *indu induNgaju Dayak(WMP) mother; a ghostly woman who plagues small children so that they cry often; she is then given a fowl in offering PWMP *indu in-duaMongondow(WMP) second PWMP *in-duha indukTae'(WMP) the sugar palm: Arenga saccharifera PWMP *izuk indu-kToba Batak(WMP) leader, head (Malay loan) PWMP *indu-q indu-ŋBanjarese(WMP) mother PWMP *indu-ŋ indu-ŋDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) mother animal PWMP *indu-ŋ indu-ŋJavanese(WMP) mother PWMP *indu-ŋ indu-ŋKaro Batak(WMP) mother animal; in general, larger one of the same class PWMP *indu-ŋ indu-ŋOld Javanese(WMP) mother; familiar or affectionate address to a woman (beloved, daughter): my good woman, my dear girl PWMP *indu-ŋ indu-ŋSundanese(WMP) mother PWMP *indu-ŋ induŋ-induŋSundanese(WMP) sing a child to sleep PWMP *indu-ŋ indusIda'an Begak(WMP) rice scoop PAN *qidus in-duvoKadazan Dusun(WMP) twice, two times PWMP *in-duha in-duwoTombonuwo(WMP) two times, twice PWMP *in-duha induɁ səŋatIban(WMP) wasp, stinging insect (‘mother of stings’) PAN *seŋet₂ ineArosi(OC) to wonder, be astonished PMP *qina ineBare'e(WMP) M, MZ, FZ PMP *ina ineBekatan(WMP) mother’s sister PMP *ina inəBukat(WMP) mother PMP *ina ineBuruese(CMP) lie down, sleep PAN *qinep ineEnde(CMP) M PMP *iná-i ineKomodo(CMP) M (voc.) PMP *iná-i ineKomodo(CMP) mother! (exclamation); oh, what a pity! PMP *qina inéLeti(CMP) Oh! wow! PMP *qina inəLuang(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina ineManggarai(CMP) M PMP *iná-i ineNgadha(CMP) interjection of astonishment or fright PMP *qina *inĕPAmb(CMP) lie down, sleep PAN *qinep ʔineRarotongan(OC) general term applied to females; sometimes denotes respect or kind regard, but is (or was) mostly used towards young women and those of adult age; in some cases used as a term of endearment by a lover towards his sweetheart; it is extensively used in love songs POC *pine ineRembong(CMP) M PMP *iná-i ineWatubela(CMP) that PMP *i-na ineWetan(CMP) exclamation expressing astonishment or dismay PMP *qina iné-améManggarai(CMP) wife's parents PMP *ina ama inebBalinese(WMP) lock, shut up, keep closed PAN *qiNeb inebJavanese(WMP) window shutters; shut in or out; closed (as a door) PAN *qiNeb inebKavalan(Formosan) close; door PAN *qiNeb iné-emaNgadha(CMP) parents, ancestors PMP *ina ama in-èfatraMalagasy(WMP) four times PWMP *iŋg-epat inehKelabit(WMP) that PMP *i-na inəhBintulu(WMP) that (3p) PMP *i-na ine ibanMurik(WMP) mother-in-law PMP *ibah-an inemBalinese(WMP) to drink (High Balinese; = inum in Low Balinese) PWMP *inem inemDusner(SHWNG) to drink PMP *inum inemKaro Batak(WMP) to drink PWMP *inem inĕmNumfor(SHWNG) to drink PMP *inum inemRon(SHWNG) to drink PMP *inum inemSasak(WMP) to drink PWMP *inem inəmSimalur(WMP) to drink PWMP *inem ʔinemTiruray(WMP) to drink PWMP *inem ʔin-ənatBontok(WMP) to pull back; to withdraw PPH *enat in-eṇḍem-eṇḍemOld Javanese(WMP) to foster, feel deeply PWMP *qendem in-éninaMalagasy(WMP) six times PWMP *iŋg-enem i-neŋKayan(WMP) see, look; face PAN *Neŋ inepBalinese(WMP) stay overnight PAN *qinep inepJavanese(WMP) stay somewhere overnight; have a house guest PAN *qinep inepMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) stay the night, sleep over PAN *qinep inepTolai(OC) lie down, sleep PAN *qinep i-neuSa'a(OC) 1sg., used as subject only and followed by nou POC *naku inewMelanau (Mukah)(WMP) what? PAN *inu ine-yKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) MZ, FZ; stepmother PMP *iná-i ine-yManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) M (ref.) PMP *iná-i in-haʔatTalur(CMP) four PMP *epat iniAmis(Formosan) here, near at hand PAN *i-ni iniArosi(OC) this; here PAN *i-ni iniAtayal (Squliq)(Formosan) preverbal negator, usually negating past tense (less commonly present tense); negated possibility or a prohibition PAN *ini iniBare'e(WMP) sweat PWMP *qinit iníBikol(WMP) this, these PAN *i-ni íniCebuano(WMP) be here PAN *i-ni iniFordata(CMP) this; here PAN *i-ni iníHiligaynon(WMP) this PAN *i-ni iniKalagan(WMP) this, here PAN *i-ni iníKapampangan(WMP) this PAN *i-ni iniKenyah(WMP) this PAN *i-ni iniMalay(WMP) demonstrative suggesting precision or nearness PAN *i-ni iniMaranao(WMP) this, these PAN *i-ni iniMuna(WMP) this PAN *i-ni iniNggela(OC) these PAN *i-ni iniPaiwan(Formosan) not do something; no! PAN *ini ʔiniPalawan Batak(WMP) here PAN *i-ni iniPazeh(Formosan) no, not (negator of verbs and adjectives) PAN *ini *iniPPuy(Formosan) this PAN *i-ni iniSa'a(OC) that PAN *i-ni iniSaisiyat(Formosan) no, not PAN *ini ʔiniSamoan(OC) pinch, nip PMP *kinit iniSangir(WMP) this, these PAN *i-ni iniSasak(WMP) this PAN *i-ni iniSeediq(Formosan) negator of dynamic and stative verbs PAN *ini iniSundanese(WMP) this PAN *i-ni iniWolio(WMP) sweat PWMP *qinit ini-chayohItbayaten(WMP) transferred piled big trees from the field PMP *kahiw inihKelabit(WMP) this PAN *i-ni i-niimKosraean(OC) dip out, scoop out, bail POC *nimas in-ikoMota(OC) 2sg., you POC *iko in-iluhLun Dayeh(WMP) sickened due to food poisoning PWMP *hilu inimBiga(SHWNG) to drink PMP *inum inɨmKalagan(WMP) to drink PWMP *inem inɨmMamanwa(WMP) to drink PWMP *inem inɨmMansaka(WMP) to drink PWMP *inem *ɨnɨmPSS(WMP) six PAN *enem i-nimaFijian(OC) a baler (instrument) POC *nimas i-nimaWayan(OC) baler, bailer, anything used to bail POC *nimas ini-m-puruBimanese(CMP) sixty PMP *enem ŋa puluq in-ínatKankanaey(WMP) elastic; rubber, gutta percha PWMP *iñat in-inumMongondow(WMP) what is drunk PPh *in-inum in-ipiOld Javanese(WMP) dream PMP *h<in>ipi inipiBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) dream PMP *h<in>ipi i-nipit-aiMongondow(WMP) make it thinner! PMP *nipis in-isuh-anOld Javanese(WMP) to wash PMP *hisuq ínitAklanon(WMP) to heat, make hot PWMP *qinit ínitBikol(WMP) heat; warmth; argumentative, impatient PWMP *qinit initMongondow(WMP) warm water PWMP *qinit ʔínitBontok(WMP) to heat a liquid, as soup or water; sun PWMP *qinit inítCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) hot (water); feverish PWMP *qinit ínitCebuano(WMP) hot, warm to the touch; enthusiastic, heated, with vigorous concern; sunny and clear; heat; sun, as opposed to shade PWMP *qinit ínitHanunóo(WMP) sun PWMP *qinit ínitHiligaynon(WMP) heat, temperature, heat of the sun; anger PWMP *qinit ínitIfugaw(WMP) artificial warmth or heat (not potaŋ heat produced by the sun); applied to whatever is warmed or rewarmed by the fire PWMP *qinit ínitIlokano(WMP) Sun PWMP *qinit ínitIsneg(WMP) to warm up, reheat cooked vegetables PWMP *qinit ínitKankanaey(WMP) to heat, to warm (water, cooked vegetables) PWMP *qinit initMansaka(WMP) sweat PWMP *qinit ínitTagalog(WMP) heat, warmth; temperature; excitement, enthusiasm; anger, wrath PWMP *qinit initTotoli(WMP) hot PWMP *qinit initManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) heat PWMP *qinit inít-anHiligaynon(WMP) sunshine PWMP *qinit ʔinít-ənBontok(WMP) be heated by PPh *qinit-en init-onBikol(WMP) be heated by PPh *qinit-en init-unCebuano(WMP) easily angered; become short-tempered PPh *qinit-en i-niwaWakasihu(CMP) thin (people) PMP *niwaŋ in-íwit-anKankanaey(WMP) hind part of a G-string PPh *íwit ʔin-ʔiyút, iyut-ə́nBontok(WMP) have sexual intercourse PAN *qiut injakMinangkabau(WMP) step, tread PMP *inzak injakToba Batak(WMP) step on PMP *inzak injak-injakMinangkabau(WMP) pedals, stirrups PMP *inzak injamBanjarese(WMP) borrow PWMP *hinzam injamKaro Batak(WMP) borrow, lend PWMP *hinzam injamNgaju Dayak(WMP) borrow, lend PWMP *hinzam injamToba Batak(WMP) borrow, lend PWMP *hinzam injauIban(WMP) borrowing, borrow PWMP *hinzam injukSundanese(WMP) the black and hairy tissue of the sugar palm which grows where the leaves come out PWMP *izuk in-ka-limaIbaloy(WMP) one fifth PWMP *iŋ-lima in maminNumfor(SHWNG) kind of fish (can reach large size) PMP *mamin₁ ʔin-matáBontok(WMP) to have sore eyes PMP *mata innáwIlokano(WMP) do the dishes; wash, rinse, cleanse plates, glasses, jars, etc. PMP *hiñaw innaweUmiray Dumaget(WMP) breathe PMP *nihawa ɨnniŋBuginese(WMP) eyebrow PWMP *keniŋ in-nohNali(OC) ‘he is afraid’ POC *nopo-nopo i-noArop(OC) to fly POC *Ropok inoBisaya(WMP) that PMP *i-na inoGilbertese(OC) worm, larva PMP *qulej inoLampung(WMP) that PMP *i-na inoʔLampung(WMP) spend the night PAN *qinep inoMalagasy (Provincial)(WMP) what? how? PAN *inu *inoPRuk(Formosan) where? PAN *inu i-noSeediq(Formosan) where? (especially interrogative) PAN *i-nu inoSeediq (Truku)(Formosan) where? in what place? PAN *inu inóTsou(Formosan) mother PAN *ina ino atovoTeop(OC) roof, thatch POC *qatop inog-turóʔAklanon(WMP) index finger PAN *tuzuq₁ ino-inoGilbertese(OC) full of worms, worm-eaten PMP *qulej qulej in-oitMaranao(WMP) brought or carried by PWMP *in-uit inómAklanon(WMP) to drink (up) PMP *inum inómBikol(WMP) to drink PMP *inum ʔinúmBontok(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inómCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) take a drink (of water or liquor) PMP *inum inomItbayaten(WMP) idea of drinking; drink PMP *inum inomMaranao(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inómPangasinan(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inómTagalog(WMP) act of drinking PMP *inum inom-aItbayaten(WMP) drink (imper.) PWMP *inum-a in-oma-anAyta Abellan(WMP) was kissed by PPH *umah-an inom-anItbayaten(WMP) drink from PWMP *inum-an inóm-anaMalagasy(WMP) to drink (relative form) PWMP *inum-an ʔinum-ə́nBontok(WMP) to drink (object focus) PWMP *inum-en inom-enItbayaten(WMP) drink; to drink PWMP *inum-en inòm-inaMalagasy(WMP) to be drunk by PWMP *inum-en inom-ónBikol(WMP) a drink, beverage PWMP *inum-en inóm-yMalagasy(WMP) drink (imper.) PWMP *inum-a i-nónChuukese(OC) underwater POC *i rarom ino-naMalagasy(WMP) what? how? PAN *inu inoniArosi(OC) a man (human) PEMP *tinoni inoniSa'a(OC) a man, a human being, as opposed to a ghost PEMP *tinoni inoni huŋaArosi(OC) crowd of men POC *puŋa₂ inópIfugaw(WMP) dream in general PAN *qinep ínotAklanon(WMP) save up, be thrifty with PWMP *qinut inotIbaloy(WMP) to do something slowly, little by little, esp. of spending money PWMP *inut inotMaranao(WMP) frugal, thrifty PWMP *qinut inotMaranao(WMP) frugal, thrifty PWMP *inut inótPangasinan(WMP) do slowly or by degrees; consume something slowly PWMP *qinut inoyYami (Imorod)(WMP) ripe PPH *hinuR in-oyatItbayaten(WMP) vein, blood vessel PMP *uRat inoy-ʔinoyManobo (Dibabawon)(WMP) stepmother PWMP *ina ina in-pi-duáKankanaey(WMP) child begotten after a second marriage, fruit of a second marriage PMP *duha inraŋMakassarese(WMP) debt, money that has been lent to someone PWMP *hinzam inruʔMakassarese(WMP) the sugar palm: Arenga saccharifera; the flower spadix is tapped to make palm wine PWMP *izuk insaMaloh(WMP) how much/many? PAN *pijax insaMokilese(OC) blood POC *draRaq ʔin-sabsábBontok(WMP) to eat, of dogs or pigs eating slops PAN *sabsab insah-n pahraŋMokilese(OC) rust POC *draRaq ʔinsánHanunóo(WMP) cousin, friend (esp. in the vocative) PWMP *insan insanKadazan Dusun(WMP) once PWMP *insan insanMaranao(WMP) join forces and effort, gather together PWMP *insan insan, isanIban(WMP) relationship between the parents of those who have married PWMP *insan insan-iKadazan Dusun(WMP) at once, forthwith PWMP *insan in-sapIban(WMP) smoked (of meat or fish) PWMP *asep insapIban(WMP) sucking, suck, sip, absorb; to smoke (esp. tobacco) PMP *qisep insapSalako(WMP) to suck PMP *qisep in-sárabIlokano(WMP) slightly roasted meat or fish PWMP *sadab in-sárabIlokano(WMP) slightly roasted meat or fish PPH *sárab *ɨ(n)siPSS(WMP) contents PMP *hesi *insɨmPSS(WMP) sour PWMP *isem₂ in-siowMongondow(WMP) ninth PMP *siwa in-siowMongondow(WMP) ninth PWMP *in-siwa insirToba Batak(WMP) creep, crawl, slide, slip PWMP *icir insirToba Batak(WMP) creep, crawl, slide, slip PWMP *iŋsiD insitIban(WMP) move, move slightly, budge, shift PWMP *iŋsiD insud-onKadazan Dusun(WMP) the place to which one moves PMP *icud insud-onKadazan Dusun(WMP) the place to which one moves PMP *isud insurIban(WMP) move, adjust PMP *isuR intaBare'e(WMP) forward! come on! let's go! PWMP *itaq intaBare'e(WMP) forward! come on! let's go! PWMP *ita₂ intaʔMongondow(WMP) one PWMP *isa-q intaMongondow(WMP) come on! let's go! PWMP *ita₂ intaiIban(WMP) wait or watch for (opportunity) PWMP *hintay inta-idiMuna(WMP) we (dual incl.) PAN *ita₁ inta-idi-imuMuna(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ in-taluMurut (Timugon)(WMP) three times PWMP *in-telu in-taŋaʔKadazan Dusun(WMP) to be at the middle, among PWMP *taŋaq₄ intarorMaloh(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR in-tarosIbaloy(WMP) to take someone directly to a place PWMP *tarus in-taʔuWakasihu(CMP) fear PAN *ma-takut inteBalinese(WMP) watch over, chaperone, spy on PWMP *hintay inteSasak(WMP) spy on, stalk PWMP *hintay inteToba Batak(WMP) wait, await, expect PWMP *hintay inte, intayOld Javanese(WMP) keep constantly in view, keep a watch on, watch narrowly, peer at PWMP *hintay in-teluMalagasy(WMP) three times PWMP *in-telu intemMaranao(WMP) dark in color PMP *qitem intílCebuano(WMP) clitoris PWMP *itil ɨntɨlloSamal(WMP) egg PMP *qateluR ɨntɨŋSundanese(WMP) mirror; glass PMP *e(n)teŋ in-tohuKadazan Dusun(WMP) three times PWMP *in-telu íntokAklanon(WMP) become smaller, shrink PMP *itek intokMongondow(WMP) small, young; be or become small PMP *itek in-toluMongondow(WMP) the third PWMP *in-telu in-toluTombonuwo(WMP) three times PWMP *in-telu intop-aloGorontalo(WMP) to be sucked up PWMP *qisep-an intopoGorontalo(WMP) suck PMP *qisep into tobok-onMongondow(WMP) the one who will undergo the ceremony of ear-piercing PWMP *tebek-en in-to-toldóIsneg(WMP) the index, or forefinger PPh *tulduq in-tsiviMalagasy(WMP) nine times PWMP *in-siwa in-tuaWakasihu(CMP) old PMP *ma-tuqah in-tupoGorontalo(WMP) blowgun PWMP *seput in tu-tunuYamdena(CMP) fish baked in the fire PMP *tunu in-tutuz-inThao(Formosan) were piled up by someone PAN *susuN inuAnakalangu(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuAnuta(OC) to drink PMP *inum inuAraki(OC) to drink PMP *inum inuAtayal(Formosan) where? anywhere PAN *inu i-nuAtayal(Formosan) where, anywhere? PAN *i-nu inuAua(OC) to drink PMP *inum inuBare'e(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inuBinukid(WMP) what, which PAN *i-nu inuBoano₂(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuGeser(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuHawaiian(OC) to drink; a drink, drinking PMP *inum inuHitu(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuKayan(WMP) beads PMP *hinuq inuKenyah (Lepu Tau)(WMP) where? PAN *inu inuKenyah(WMP) what? PAN *inu inuKodi(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuPokau(OC) to drink PMP *inum i-nuKenyah (Long Anap)(WMP) what? PAN *i-nu inuMaori(OC) drink PMP *inum inuMekeo (East)(OC) to drink PMP *inum inuMentawai(WMP) beads PMP *hinuq inuMurik(WMP) beads PMP *hinuq inuNgadha(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuNggela(OC) to drink; drinker PMP *inum inuNias(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inuPaiwan(Formosan) where? PAN *inu inuPaiwan(Formosan) where? PAN *i-nu *inuPAmb(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuRotinese(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuSa'a(OC) to drink PMP *inum inuSamoan(OC) drink PMP *inum inuHawu(CMP) put around the neck (beads, chain, string, etc.) PMP *hinuq inu-ʔSalako(WMP) mother PWMP *indu-q inuTangoa(OC) to drink PMP *inum inuTongan(OC) to drink; to take (liquid medicine); drinking; drinking water or other beverage PMP *inum inuUma(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inuVaikenu(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuWuvulu(OC) to drink PMP *inum inu, inu-hBuruese(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inu-aMotu(OC) to drink PMP *inum ʔinúaŋəKanakanabu(Formosan) female deer PAN *qiNuaŋ inu-gambuNggela(OC) ceremony, drinking blood of slain enemies PMP *inum inu-inuKenyah(WMP) whatever, anything PAN *inu inu-inuMaori(OC) drink frequently POC *inum-inum inu inuRotinese(CMP) hang together in great quantities, in clusters (as fruits that are tied together) PMP *hinuq inu-inuSa'a(OC) to drink POC *inum-inum inu-inuTongan(OC) to drink (repetitive, continuative) POC *inum-inum inu-inum-anMongondow(WMP) various drinks PMP *inum-inum-an inuʔ-inuŋ-anMakassarese(WMP) drinks, ususally applied specifically to liquor PMP *inum-inum-an inu lekoAtoni(CMP) fine coral beads PMP *hinuq inumAdzera(OC) to drink PMP *inum inumBalantak(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumBanggai(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inúmCebuano(WMP) drink, drink liquor PMP *inum ʔinúmHanunóo(WMP) to drink, drinking PMP *inum inúmHiligaynon(WMP) drink, beverage, liquor PMP *inum inúmIfugaw(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inúmIlokano(WMP) to drink (water) PMP *inum inúmIsneg(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inúmItawis(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumJavanese(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumKadazan Dusun(WMP) to drink non-strong drinks PMP *inum inúmKankanaey(WMP) to drink, to tipple PMP *inum inúmKapampangan(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumLampung(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumMolbog(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumOld Javanese(WMP) drinking (subst.) PMP *inum inumPatep(OC) to drink PMP *inum *inumPSan(WMP) to drink PMP *inum *inumPSS(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumSundanese(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumTigak(OC) drink PMP *inum inumManobo (Tigwa)(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumToba Batak(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inumManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) to drink PMP *inum in-umaIsneg(WMP) a field where all grasses, reeds, saplings, etc. have been cut down PMP *q<in>uma in-umaRoviana(OC) a garden PMP *q<in>uma in-umah-anOld Javanese(WMP) inhabited PAN *Rumaq inum-anMongondow(WMP) drink from, drink some from (not all) PWMP *inum-an inúm-anCebuano(WMP) drinking container; place where one habitually drinks PWMP *inum-an inum-anKapampangan(WMP) place to drink; thing to drink PWMP *inum-an inum-anOld Javanese(WMP) drink(s) PWMP *inum-an inum-anSundanese(WMP) what is drunk: drink, beverage PWMP *inum-an in-umasPazeh(Formosan) pickled; pickles PAN *umaS inum-énIlokano(WMP) to drink; beverage, drink (wine, beer, gin, tea, coffee, etc.; more especially: water) PWMP *inum-en inu-miaAua(OC) drink it! (imper.) POC *inum-ia inu-miaHawaiian(OC) drink (passive and imperative) POC *inum-ia inu-miaKapingamarangi(OC) drink it! (imper.) POC *inum-ia inu-miaSamoan(OC) drunk (passive verb and adjective) POC *inum-ia inu-miaTongan(OC) consume by evaporation or by absorption POC *inum-ia inu-miaWuvulu(OC) drink it! (imper.) POC *inum-ia inum-ɨnSundanese(WMP) something to drink; drinkable PWMP *inum-en inum-ínTagalog(WMP) drinking water; to drink (something) PWMP *inum-en ínum-inTagalog(WMP) beverage PWMP *inum-en inum-inum-anOld Javanese(WMP) drinks PMP *inum-inum-an inum-inum-anSundanese(WMP) all kinds of drinks; drink on and on, debauch PMP *inum-inum-an inumoKaidipang(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inum-onMongondow(WMP) what is drunk, drink, beverage PWMP *inum-en inum-onKadazan Dusun(WMP) to drink (passive) PWMP *inum-en inum-onToba Batak(WMP) drink, beverage PWMP *inum-en ʔinum-únHanunóo(WMP) drinking water PWMP *inum-en inuŋBuginese(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inuŋKomodo(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuŋMakassarese(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inuŋManggarai(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuŋRiung(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuŋSangir(WMP) to drink PMP *inum inuŋSoboyo(CMP) to drink PMP *inum inuŋ-aŋMakassarese(WMP) drink something with something else PWMP *inum-an inurTetun(CMP) nose, trunk, snout PMP *ijuŋ inútCebuano(WMP) close-fisted to the point of not spending for the barest necessities PWMP *qinut inútCebuano(WMP) close-fisted to the point of not spending for the barest necessities PWMP *inut ínutHiligaynon(WMP) frugal, stingy, thrifty PWMP *qinut ínutIlokano(WMP) do, etc., intermittently, at intervals, at times, now and then, a little at a time PWMP *qinut ínutIlokano(WMP) thrifty, economic PWMP *inut ínutIsneg(WMP) (to do) intermittently, now and then, a little at a time PWMP *qinut inutKadazan Dusun(WMP) do something slowly PWMP *qinut ínutKankanaey(WMP) (to take, to do, etc.) little by little, by degrees, at intervals, one by one PWMP *qinut inutKosraean(OC) god, spirit, ghost PMP *qanitu inutTboli(WMP) to economize; to use little by little; gradually, bit by bit, little by little PWMP *inut inutManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) be sparing in the use of something, as money or food PWMP *qinut inutKadazan Dusun(WMP) to do slowly, bit by bit, gradually PWMP *inut inút-inótTagalog(WMP) by dints of little work or effort PWMP *qinut inút-inótTagalog(WMP) little by little PWMP *inut inut-ínutCebuano(WMP) spend money or use something sparingly PWMP *qinut inút-ínutCebuano(WMP) spend money or use something sparingly PWMP *inut inut-inutTausug(WMP) slowly, one by one, step by step, little by little PWMP *inut inut-onKadazan Dusun(WMP) to be done slowly, bit by bit, gradually PWMP *inut in-vahuKadazan Dusun(WMP) eight times PWMP *in-walu inyMalagasy(WMP) that, this. It is always used of something thoroughly known to both speaker and spoken to PAN *i-ni in-y-āli-nIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) was brought to (recipient) PAN *aRi ʔinyugBontok(WMP) coconut, Cocos nucifera L. PMP *niuR iñaLamboya(CMP) mother PCEMP *ina iñawa ~ inawaWolio(WMP) soul PMP *nihawa i-ñothaBugotu(OC) yesterday POC *ñoRap iŋMarshallese(OC) angry PMP *qiŋet iŋaBare'e(WMP) think about, take care of , watch out for PMP *iŋat íŋaKalinga (Guinaang)(WMP) ear PMP *taliŋa iŋaʔMakassarese(WMP) mindful of; remember; return to consciousness PMP *iŋat iŋaʔSangir(WMP) watch out, be careful PMP *iŋat iŋaʔTae'(WMP) remember, think about PMP *iŋat iŋaTolai(OC) voice; to shout PCEMP *iŋaR i-ŋadn-anIbaloy(WMP) to call, mention someone’s name PWMP *i-ŋajan(-an) iŋa-iŋaBare'e(WMP) think about PWMP *iŋat-iŋat íŋakIfugaw(WMP) noise made by running water PPh *híŋak íŋalIfugaw(WMP) shouting noise made by children who are playing PMP *iŋaR iŋálPangasinan(WMP) noise, shouting, altercation; make noise, shout PMP *iŋaR i-ŋálanTagalog(WMP) to use a term as name for something PWMP *i-ŋajan(-an) iŋa-nBuruese(CMP) voice; words PCEMP *iŋaR iŋaŋaSamoan(OC) whitebait of Eleotris sp. POC *jiŋana i-ŋaŋaTontemboan(WMP) open (your mouth) PMP *ŋaŋa₂ i-ŋáŋaBikol(WMP) to open the mouth in order to show something inside PMP *ŋaŋa₂ i-ŋaŋáMasbatenyo(WMP) be opened (as the mouth) PMP *ŋaŋa₂ i-ŋaŋáTagalog(WMP) to open one’s mouth PMP *ŋaŋa₂ ɨŋapSundanese(WMP) stifled, oppressed in the chest PMP *eŋap iŋarManggarai(CMP) clear, of the voice PCEMP *iŋaR i-ŋáranBikol(WMP) to name someone after PWMP *i-ŋajan(-an) i-ŋaran(-an)Old Javanese(WMP) give a name to, call, give or mention the name of someone; to regard, consider, believe to be PWMP *i-ŋajan(-an) iŋar-iŋar-anMalay(WMP) continuous noise; noises of all sorts PWMP *qiŋeR i- ŋarŋarNasarian(OC) to swim POC *ŋaraŋara iŋásBikol(WMP) tree with leaves that cause itching when they come into contact with the body PWMP *iŋas iŋasJavanese(WMP) a certain tree with poisonous sap PWMP *iŋas iŋasTagalog(WMP) a tree: Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) PWMP *iŋas iŋatBanggai(WMP) think about; remember PMP *iŋat íŋatBikol(WMP) careful; be careful; to look out or be on the lookout; take care in doing something PMP *iŋat iŋatMongondow(WMP) think about; remember PMP *iŋat íŋatCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) be careful, take care PMP *iŋat iŋatFordata(CMP) remember PMP *iŋat iŋatIban(WMP) remember, recollect, remind, be mindful of PMP *iŋat iŋatKadazan Dusun(WMP) take care, look out, heed, bear in mind, pay attention, be careful, beware PMP *iŋat íŋatKapampangan(WMP) beware, watch out for PMP *iŋat iŋatKei(CMP) remember, think about; be absorbed in doing something (so as to give it one's full attention) PMP *iŋat iŋatMalay(WMP) giving attention to; recalling; remembering PMP *iŋat iŋatMaranao(WMP) careful; to treat with respect PMP *iŋat iŋatNgaju Dayak(WMP) thinking, recollection, caution, awareness PMP *iŋat iŋatRembong(CMP) remember! don't forget! PMP *iŋat íŋatTagalog(WMP) carefulness; something taken care of for safekeeping PMP *iŋat ʔiŋatTiruray(WMP) watch out, be careful, be ready PMP *iŋat iŋatYamdena(CMP) fight, make a commotion PMP *qiŋet iŋat-anBikol(WMP) be careful with; take care of PWMP *iŋat-an iŋat-anKapampangan(WMP) that which one looks after with care (Bergaño 1860) PWMP *iŋat-an iŋat-anMalay(WMP) what is remembered or recalled; what is reflected in one's thoughts PWMP *iŋat-an iŋat-iŋatMalay(WMP) be careful (said in warning) PWMP *iŋat-iŋat i-ŋátoIlokano(WMP) to raise, lift, promote; advance PPH *i-ŋatu i-ŋátoIsneg(WMP) a spirit PPH *i-ŋatu i-ŋatoYami(WMP) on top PPH *i-ŋatu íŋayHanunóo(WMP) noise, commotion, disturbance, clamor (loanword) PMP *iŋaR íŋeKapampangan(WMP) noise PMP *iŋaR iŋehBalinese(WMP) make a monotonous sound, sound always the same PWMP *qiŋeR iŋélCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) anger, be angry PPh *íŋel₂ iŋelMaranao(WMP) hard of hearing, deaf PWMP *iŋel₁ iŋetBalinese(WMP) remember, think about, come to one's self, awaken PWMP *iŋet iŋétIlokano(WMP) strict, rigorous, severe, constant, firm, resolute, steady, resolved, determined PMP *qiŋet iŋetJavanese(WMP) watch or stare at each other PWMP *iŋet íŋetKankanaey(WMP) terrible, fearful, dreadful, terrific, horrible, awful, shocking PMP *qiŋet iŋetKaro Batak(WMP) remember, bear in mind PWMP *iŋet iŋetMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) remember; aware PWMP *iŋet iŋetOld Javanese(WMP) awareness, memory PWMP *iŋet iŋetSasak(WMP) remember PWMP *iŋet iŋetSundanese(WMP) think about, be mindful of; remember PWMP *iŋet iŋet-anBalinese(WMP) memory, remembrance; memorial PWMP *iŋat-an iŋet-iŋetBalinese(WMP) unawares PWMP *iŋat-iŋat iŋet-iŋetMansaka(WMP) anger PMP *qiŋet iŋet-iŋetOld Javanese(WMP) thinking over, revolving in one's mind; souvenir, keepsake PWMP *iŋat-iŋat iŋet-iŋetSasak(WMP) think of it! PWMP *iŋat-iŋat iŋeutRejang(WMP) remember PWMP *iŋet ɨŋgaAborlan Tagbanwa(WMP) not PWMP *eŋga iŋgáIlokano(WMP) end, conclusion, close, termination, ending; till, until, to (place and time) PMP *qiŋga iŋgaJavanese(WMP) up to, until PMP *qiŋga iŋgaNggela(OC) until PMP *qiŋga iŋg-apatKadazan Dusun(WMP) four times PWMP *iŋg-epat iŋ-gimoTombonuwo(WMP) five PAN *lima iŋg-imoTombonuwo(WMP) five times PWMP *iŋ-lima iŋgítTagalog(WMP) envy, spite, grudge PWMP *i(ŋ)git iŋgitAyta Abellan(WMP) to be envious PPH *iŋgit iŋgítTagalog(WMP) envy; discontent or ill will at another’s good fortune PPH *iŋgit iŋg-onomMongondow(WMP) the sixth PWMP *iŋg-enem iŋg-onomKadazan Dusun(WMP) six times PWMP *iŋg-enem iŋg-opatMongondow(WMP) the fourth PWMP *iŋg-epat íŋgukHanunóo(WMP) grunting of pigs PPh *iŋguk iŋ-himoKadazan Dusun(WMP) five times PWMP *iŋ-lima iŋʔiíŋCebuano(WMP) onomatopoetic for the sound of the music to suspenseful portions of movies, used by children to indicate the part that is suspenseful PPh *iŋqiiŋ iŋíiŋIfugaw(WMP) a bamboo flute PPh *iŋqiiŋ iŋíiŋKankanaey(WMP) roar, rumble, bellow, bawl, hum noisily PPh *iŋqiiŋ íŋilTagalog(WMP) growl, snarl PPh *íŋel₂ íŋilTagalog(WMP) to growl, snarl PMP *eŋer íŋʔiŋTagalog(WMP) sound of the violin PPh *iŋqiiŋ iŋʔíŋTagalog(WMP) sound of the violin PPh *qeŋqeŋ ɨŋitManobo (Ilianen)(WMP) to laugh PPH *eŋit ɨŋitManobo (Ilianen)(WMP) to laugh PPH *heŋit ɨŋitIlongot (Kakiduge:n)(WMP) to laugh PPH *eŋit ɨŋitIlongot (Kakiduge:n)(WMP) to laugh PPH *heŋit *iŋɨtPSS(WMP) remember PWMP *iŋet iŋKaIbaloy(WMP) until; in a very general way indicating the extent of something, both space and time PMP *qiŋga iŋkabOld Javanese(WMP) be blown up, blown open PWMP *iŋkab (iŋ)-kamiWolio(WMP) 1pl. excl., we, us PAN *k-ami iŋkaŋKaro Batak(WMP) stand up from sitting PWMP *iŋkaŋ iŋkaŋNgaju Dayak(WMP) step, pace, stride PWMP *iŋkaŋ iŋkáŋTagalog(WMP) unbalanced (in walking) PWMP *eŋkaŋ iŋkáŋTagalog(WMP) unbalanced (in walking) PWMP *iŋkaŋ iŋkemJavanese(WMP) close one's mouth PWMP *iŋkem iŋkesSasak(WMP) firm, well-bound, well-packed (of things) PMP *i(ŋ)kes íŋkiŋAklanon(WMP) trifling, trivial, insignificant PWMP *iŋkiŋ iŋkitCebuano(WMP) bite off a small piece with the front teeth PWMP *i(ŋ)kit iŋ-kitaWolio(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita iŋkoAbaknon(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR iŋkoMalmariv(OC) 2sg., you POC *iko iŋkodMansaka(WMP) to sit PMP *iŋkud iŋkoŋMakassarese(WMP) tail PMP *ikuŋ iŋkudManobo (Dibabawon)(WMP) to sit PMP *iŋkud iŋkudKalagan(WMP) to sit PMP *iŋkud iŋoKwaio(OC) incite, stir up (trouble) PMP *qiŋet i-ŋoNehan(OC) 1sg.: I, my POC *ŋau₂ ʔiŋo, ʔiŋo-ʔiŋoTongan(OC) irritated, upset or disagreeable -- esp. as seen in one's face; harbor a grudge or ill-will PMP *qiŋet íŋolIfugaw(WMP) anger; use abusive talking, scold somebody PPh *íŋel₂ iŋolToba Batak(WMP) hard of hearing PWMP *iŋel₁ iŋorToba Batak(WMP) deafened by noise, have the ears "full" PWMP *qiŋeR íŋosAklanon(WMP) moan in sadness; purr PMP *iŋus iŋosMansaka(WMP) to sniffle; to snuff up PWMP *Siŋus iŋós-iŋósBikol(WMP) to whimper PMP *iŋus iŋotMongondow(WMP) become angry PMP *qiŋet iŋotToba Batak(WMP) remember, recollect PWMP *iŋet iŋpí, inpiIfugaw(WMP) thinness of things, e.g. a piece of wood PAN *iŋ(e)pis iŋpísIlokano(WMP) thin, tenuous (paper, plates, boards, hair, strings, etc.) PAN *iŋ(e)pis iŋpisKavalan(Formosan) thin (of materials) PAN *iŋ(e)pis iŋpítIsneg(WMP) thin, tenuous (paper, plates, strings etc.) PAN *iŋ(e)pis iŋsedJavanese(WMP) shift, budge PMP *ised iŋsep, isepJavanese(WMP) sucked up (as honey, etc.) PMP *qisep iŋserJavanese(WMP) to have been moved or shifted; (of joints) sprained PMP *ised iŋserJavanese(WMP) to have been moved or shifted; (of joints) sprained PMP *iseR iŋserOld Javanese(WMP) shift, change place, move aside, move away PMP *ised iŋserOld Javanese(WMP) shift, change place, move aside, move away PMP *iseR iŋsuŋKavalan(Formosan) mortar PAN *iŋsuŋ iŋuKambera(CMP) sound of sighing or moaning; to pant or groan from burdens of pain PMP *iŋus íŋugCebuano(WMP) piercing and persistent in sound; find something unpleasant to hear PWMP *qiŋeR íŋusCebuano(WMP) whimper (as a puppy) PMP *iŋus iŋusMalay(WMP) snot; mucus from the nose PWMP *Siŋus iŋusSundanese(WMP) have the sniffles PMP *hiŋus īo'Āre'āre(OC) yes PMP *qio ioArosi(OC) yes PMP *qio ioBanggai(WMP) yes PMP *qio ioBikol(WMP) yes (verbal sentences); an emphatic marker PMP *qio ioBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) 3sg., he/she PAN *ia₁ ióCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) shark PAN *qiSu īoFijian(OC) yes PMP *qio íoIvatan(WMP) shark PAN *qiSu ioJavanese(WMP) hurray! oh my! come on! PMP *qio ioMakassarese(WMP) yes, affirmative PMP *qio ioManam(OC) spear POC *io ioMaranao(WMP) you (plural) PMP *iu₃ ioManggarai(CMP) polite expression of docility or submissiveness PMP *qio ioMota(OC) here it is! (expression of satisfaction) PMP *qio ioMotu(OC) spear POC *io ioMussau(OC) 2sg. independent subject pronoun POC *iko ioLakalai(OC) exclamation: well, all right PMP *qio ioNgadha(CMP) scream, cry, shriek (as an eagle) PMP *qiuk iʔoNias(WMP) tail PAN *ikuR iõNias(WMP) urine PAN *iSeq ioRarotongan(OC) down, downwards, from above; to cause to come down upon POC *sipo ioSangir(WMP) quickly and willingly do something PMP *qio ioTae'(WMP) particle of confirmation: yes, good! PMP *qio ióTagalog(WMP) your, yours PMP *iu₃ ioTolai(OC) interjection: yes! let's! PMP *qio ʔioTongan(OC) yes PMP *qio iohLampung(WMP) urine PAN *iSeq iokManggarai(CMP) cheep, chirp, peep PMP *qiuk iokSaisiyat(Formosan) orange PAN *iuk iókTagalog(WMP) shriek of poultry PMP *qiuk iokTotoli(WMP) thresh with the feet PAN *Riqek i-oliItbayaten(WMP) bring to town/home PPh *i-uliq iomIfugaw(WMP) growls of dogs; grumblings of a person PWMP *qiem₁ ioŋSasak(WMP) cradle; to rock PWMP *iuŋ i-ooMarshallese(OC) on, upon; top, surface, over POC *i papo iopMaranao(WMP) blow, esp. with the mouth PMP *heyup iop-anMaranao(WMP) mouthpiece PMP *heyup-an iótAklanon(WMP) fuck; very strong term of anger or disgust PAN *qiut i-ouSouthwest Tanna(OC) 1sg. nominative pronoun: I PAN *i-aku i-ovaŋYami(WMP) to plant dry taro PPH *lubaŋ₂ i ovi-oviFijian(OC) a nest POC *opi iowMongondow(WMP) exclamation of shock, fear, or astonishment used particularly by women PAN *qiaw ʔioʔioHawaiian(OC) cheeping, peeping PAN *kiaw ipa-Aklanon(WMP) causative verb prefix used in giving commands about direct objects PPh *ipa- ipaBare'e(WMP) companion, comrade PMP *hipaR₁ ipaBimanese(CMP) across, on the opposite side PMP *hipaR₂ ipaDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) pay close heed to someone PMP *hipaʔ ipaEnde(CMP) FZD, MBD (w.s.) PMP *hipaR₁ ipaʔIban(WMP) lie in wait for, ambush PMP *hipaʔ ipa-Ifugaw(WMP) prefix meaning: 1. let something be done, achieved, etc. by the intermediary of somebody, 2. cause that something be used for another purpose than that for which it is made, 3. that something be put above, under, in, or on that which is implied by the particular word-base PPh *ipa- ipa-Ilokano(WMP) verbal prefix PPh *ipa- ipa-Kankanaey(WMP) prefix equivalent to pa-: 1. used with verbs to express an order, 2. with adjectives to form the absolute superlative, 3. with numbers to express the worth of something, 4. with the suffix -an to form a kind of substantive indicating location or place PPh *ipa- ipaLi'o(CMP) sister-in-law PMP *hipaR₁ ipaNgadha(CMP) WZ (and all her female consanguines of the same generation), BW PMP *hipaR₁ ipa-Tagalog(WMP) verbal prefix meaning to cause (something) to be done by someone else PPh *ipa- ipáTagalog(WMP) chaff of rice, grains obtained by pounding (ground chaff coming out of a rice mill is darak) PWMP *qepah ipaToba Batak(WMP) keep a lookout, watch sharply PMP *hipaʔ i-pa-áliIfugaw(WMP) to make something arrive PAN *aRi ipa-ayIlokano(WMP) to present, use as, offer PAN *ai₃ ipa-búlodIlokano(WMP) lend PPh *ipa-bulud i-pa-citaYami(WMP) display, show, cause to see PPH *i-pa-kita i-pádaIlokano(WMP) to compare; make something thesame or similar to something else PPH *i-pada ipa-damdámIsneg(WMP) to remind PAN *demdem₁ ipa-datoŋ-naIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) focus is on an unnamed agent which causes an epidemic sickness to arrive, such as influenza PMP *dateŋ ipa-dáyaIlokano(WMP) to point to the east PAN *daya ipa-dkétKankanaey(WMP) to attach; to fix; to stick; to paste PMP *deket₁ i-padpádBikol(WMP) to be driven by the wind (a boat); to be blown away by the wind PPH *padpád i-padpádTagalog(WMP) to be driven by current or wind PPH *padpád i-pad-pa-dúmaIsneg(WMP) to prefer PAN *duma ipa-eramTontemboan(WMP) will be rented PPh *ipa-hedám ípagIlokano(WMP) sister-in-law PMP *hipaR₁ ípagIsneg(WMP) BW (m.s.), ZH (w.s.), WZ, HB PMP *hipaR₁ ípagItawis(WMP) sister-in-law PMP *hipaR₁ ipagMaranao(WMP) sister-in-law, brother-in-law PMP *hipaR₁ ípagPangasinan(WMP) sister-in-law PMP *hipaR₁ *ipagPMin(WMP) brother-in-law, sister-in-law PMP *hipaR₁ i-pagay-anIlokano(WMP) hire a worker for rice wages PAN *pajay i-pag-dúyanTagalog(WMP) to swing somebody in a cradle, hammock or swing PPH *dúyan ʔi-pag-ligtásHanunóo(WMP) to be set free PPH *lig(e)tas i-pag- líhimTagalog(WMP) keep something a secret PWMP *lihim i-pag-línisTagalog(WMP) to clean something for, or on behalf of someone PPH *línis i-pagpágBikol(WMP) shake out, as rug PPH *i-pagpág i-pagpagIbaloy(WMP) to brush something off with hard blows (as dust from a coat) PPH *i-pagpág i-pagpagIbaloy(WMP) to hit, slap, strike something hard against something else (as one’s hand against a wall) PWMP *pagpag i-pag-pa-síkatTagalog(WMP) to sport; to display, etc., in order to attract attention PPH *sikát ipahBalinese(WMP) WB, HB, WZ, HBW PMP *hipaR₁ i-páhidTagalog(WMP) to spread; to put on in a thin layer PWMP *pahid i-pa-hidámBikol(WMP) to lend PAN *pa-hinzam ipa-hirámTagalog(WMP) to lend (something) PPh *ipa-hedám ipahuKambera(CMP) paid off (debt) PMP *qimpas i-paídIlokano(WMP) to fan with PAN *paid i-pa-ílutIlokano(WMP) to have someone give a massage PPh *hílut i-pai-paluUlawa(OC) make war on, fight POC *i-palu ipakBintulu(WMP) branch of a river PWMP *ipak₂ ipákCebuano(WMP) split, break a piece off of something hard; divide into pieces PWMP *ipak₂ ipakOld Javanese(WMP) to lap, splash, wash (waves) PWMP *ipak₁ ipakToba Batak(WMP) the impact of the shuttle as it is brought down hard on the weft threads in weaving PWMP *ipak₁ i-pa-kanItbayaten(WMP) bait (for catching), refreshment, meal to be served PAN *pa-kaen ipa-kilalaTagalog(WMP) to introduce; to make known; to present; to reflect; to reproduce; to show; to betray; to reveal; to signify; to make known by signs, words or actions PAN *kilala i-pa-kítaIlokano(WMP) to show, display PPH *i-pa-kita ipa-kítaTagalog(WMP) to show; to bring forward; to produce; to indicate; to make known; to demonstrate; to show openly PPH *i-pa-kita ipa-koskosItbayaten(WMP) to let somebody scrub PWMP *kuskus₂ i-pakpákMasbatenyo(WMP) to clap, applaud; be beaten, be thrashed PAN *pakpak₁ i-palaKove(OC) to split wood POC *pwalaq ipa-laŋanAgutaynen(WMP) to intentionally skip or miss something, be absent; to habitually do something every other time or every other day PPH *laŋan i-pa-layláyIlokano(WMP) to expose to the heat in order to wild PPH *layláy ʔi-palpálBontok(WMP) to beat in order to cause injury or death, as in sacrificing a chicken or beating someone with a heavy stick PPH *palpál₁ ipa-malémIlokano(WMP) to put off until the afternoon PMP *malem ipa-mánaBikol(WMP) to bequeath PWMP *mana₁ ipa-mánaBikol(WMP) to bequeath PWMP *maña ipa-matáTagalog(WMP) to open a person’s eyes; to make one see what is really happening PMP *mata i-pa-minsánIlokano(WMP) to do all at once PPH *minsan i-p<am>itoItbayaten(WMP) seventh time, seventh object of a series PAN *pitu₁ i-pānIsneg(WMP) to ensnare PAN *paen i-pānIsneg(WMP) to ensnare PAN *paen ípanKapampangan(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen ipanKédang(CMP) centipede PCEMP *qalipan ɨ-panSundanese(WMP) bait (both literal and figurative) PAN *paen ipa-naganIlokano(WMP) to name; give a name to PMP *i-pa-ŋajan i-pa-nexsexItbayaten(WMP) to regret PWMP *selsel₂ i-pan-tolakItbayaten(WMP) pole for pushing boats PMP *tulak i-pañ-chidchidItbayaten(WMP) a kind of scraper PMP *kiDkiD ipa-ŋálanTagalog(WMP) to call, to name, to give a name PMP *i-pa-ŋajan i-paŋátIlokano(WMP) to cook fish with sour tamarind seasoning PWMP *paŋat i-paŋ-ililiYami(WMP) used to visiting other villages PMP *hili i-pa-ŋínaIlokano(WMP) to increase the price of PPH *ŋina i-paŋ-ŋoytaItbayaten(WMP) anything used for catching octopuses PMP *kuRita i-paʔónMasbatenyo(WMP) use something for bait; to sacrifice (oneself) PPH *i-paen ipa-púsoIlokano(WMP) to take sincerely PMP *pusuq₁ iparIban(WMP) brother-in-law, sister-in-law, relation by marriage of the same generation PMP *hipaR₁ iparMalay(WMP) brotherhood or sisterhood by marriage. Loosely, of a brother-in-law or even cousin-in-law, but usually defined more closely by the use of other words with meanings that vary locally PMP *hipaR₁ iparManggarai(CMP) BW, HZ, HZH, MBD (ref.) PMP *hipaR₁ iparRembong(CMP) HZ PMP *hipaR₁ iparSasak(WMP) brother-in-law, sister-in-law PMP *hipaR₁ ʔiparSika(CMP) nephew or niece PMP *hipaR₁ iparToba Batak(WMP) the opposite shore PMP *hipaR₂ iparaʔMakassarese(WMP) HB, HZ, WB, WZ PMP *hipaR₁ i-paráTagalog(WMP) to compare; to liken to PPH *i-pada ipa-rnébIlokano(WMP) to sink something; plunge something into the water PPH *reneb ípasKapampangan(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes i-pásaŋIlokano(WMP) to substitute, give in exchange; transfer; endorse PMP *pasaŋ₁ ipa-sensénIlokano(WMP) to close, unite PPH *sensén i-pask-enItbayaten(WMP) dowel, made of tañod (mulberry) tree PAN *pacek i-pask-enItbayaten(WMP) dowel, made of tañod (mulberry) tree PAN *pasek ipa-takoAgutaynen(WMP) to make known PMP *taqu₂ i-pa-tandigAgutaynen(WMP) to lean one thing against another (as a ladder against a house) PMP *sandiR ipa-táwagTagalog(WMP) to page; to try to find a person at a hotel, etc., by getting someone to call his name PWMP *tawaR₂ ipa-tepeŋAgutaynen(WMP) to elevate oneself to the same position or status as another; to make, consider oneself equal to another PPH *tepeŋ₂ i-patpatIbaloy(WMP) to use something for this purpose (as a bolo) PWMP *patpat i-pa-túroʔTagalog(WMP) to order the teaching of a particular subject PMP *tuzuq₂ ipa-útaŋBikol(WMP) give a loan of a particular amount of money PPh *ipa-qútaŋ ipa-útaŋIlokano(WMP) to lend (money) PPh *ipa-qútaŋ ipa-útaŋKankanaey(WMP) to lend, to loan PPh *ipa-qútaŋ i-pa-voxodItbayaten(WMP) lend PPh *ipa-bulud ipa-xoo-xoyaItbayaten(WMP) to accuse (someone) in court PPH *luya₃ i-payápayKankanaey(WMP) to beckon, to call beckoning with the hand PPH *payapay i-páyoŋIlokano(WMP) to put an umbrella over someone PWMP *payuŋ ipeAdonara(CMP) tooth PMP *ipen ipe'Āre'āre(OC) mat, bed POC *ibe ipeʔKayan (Uma Juman)(WMP) tooth (back-formation from misanalyzed ipe-n 'tooth of') PMP *ipen i-ped-pedAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) to fan PAN *paid i-pedpedIbaloy(WMP) to pack down, tamp down something (as earth around house post, carrots in a sack so it will hold more) PAN *pedped₁ i-pelpelIbaloy(WMP) to pound, drive something down (as a nail) PWMP *pelpel i-pelpélIlokano(WMP) to press down (through an opening); put on a wheel; thrust into hole or mouth PWMP *pelpel i-pelpélKankanaey(WMP) to stuff, to cram the mouth with food PWMP *pelpel i-peluSa'a(OC) make war on, fight POC *i-palu i-pelu ~ i-pai-paluSa'a(OC) to make war, to fight POC *palu₄ i-pelu-ŋaSa'a(OC) fighting POC *palu₄ ipənDali'(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen ipenKaro Batak(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen ipenLamaholot(CMP) tooth PMP *ipen *ipenPMin(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen i-penpenIbaloy(WMP) to pack, stuff, put a large amount of something into a container (as cargo on a bus, harvested rice into a basket) PWMP *penpen₁ i-penpénIlokano(WMP) to store, keep in reserve; accumulate, pile up; keep; conceal, hide PWMP *penpen₁ ípesCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) cockroach; be swarming with cockroaches PMP *ipes ípesIlokano(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes ipesItbayaten(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes ipesKaro Batak(WMP) the brown cockroach PMP *ipes ipesMaranao(WMP) silence, keep still PPH *hipes ipesManggarai(CMP) empty rice husk; rice chaff PMP *i(m)pes *ipesPMin(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes ipesManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes ipétKankanaey(WMP) tight, taut PWMP *hiqepet ipétPangasinan(WMP) tightness; become tight PWMP *hiqepet ipewMelanau (Matu)(WMP) grandparent PMP *impu₂ ipiAnuta(OC) a tree: Inocarpus fagiferus POC *ipi₂ ipiBare'e(WMP) a dream PMP *hipi ipiGitua(OC) kind of nut tree: Inocarpus fagiferus POC *ipi₂ ipiKadazan Dusun(WMP) dream PMP *hipi ipiʔMakassarese(WMP) press hard on something; pinch, squeeze PMP *qipit ipiNgadha(CMP) edge, border, shore; approach, come near PAN *ipit ipiOld Javanese(WMP) dream PMP *hipi *ipiPMin(WMP) dream PMP *hipi ipiSangir(WMP) dream PMP *hipi ʔipiSika(CMP) press, push in; hide PMP *qipit ipiToba Batak(WMP) dream PMP *hipi ipiTolai(OC) (to) blow, of the wind POC *ipi₁ ipiaManusela(CMP) sago PMP *Rumbia ipi-ato-atoŋYami(WMP) tools for starting fires, such as paper or dried reeds PPH *hátuŋ ipi-doaYami(WMP) two times, second time PPH *ipi-duhá i-pigáBikol(WMP) to lay eggs, of a fish PMP *piRah ipi-hBuruese(CMP) press, clamp, pinch PMP *qipit ípilAklanon(WMP) a tree: Intsia bijuga PMP *qipil ípilBikol(WMP) tall tree producing high quality timber used for posts and beams: Intsia bijuga PMP *qipil ípilCebuano(WMP) large hardwood tree of the primary or secondary forest, furnishing yellowish lumber and a dye from the bark: Intsia bijuga PMP *qipil ʔipílHanunóo(WMP) tree sp. PMP *qipil ipilIban(WMP) trees, Adinandra spp.; also Gordonia havilandii Burkill; trees of Intsia spp., esp. I. bijuga (Colebr.) PMP *qipil ípilIfugaw(WMP) a leguminous tree that yields red, hard timber, very valuable for building purposes. Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) PMP *qipil ípilIlokano(WMP) Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze. A leguminous tree which yields a very valuable building timber PMP *qipil ípilIsneg(WMP) Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze. A leguminous tree which yields a very valuable building timber PMP *qipil ipilItbayaten(WMP) tree sp. PMP *qipil ipilMalay(WMP) a tree Intsia spp. It yields a good timber and a round fruit used as a marble (buah gundu) PMP *qipil ipilMaranao(WMP) a tree: Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Ktze. PMP *qipil ipílPangasinan(WMP) shrubby variety of acacia PMP *qipil ipilSasak(WMP) a tree, Intsia spp. The black wood is used for furniture PMP *qipil ípilTagalog(WMP) hardwood tree used in house construction PMP *qipil ʔi-píliBontok(WMP) to select, to choose, to pick out PPH *i-piliq i-píliʔTagalog(WMP) to choose what is good for someone else PPH *i-piliq ipíl-ípilBikol(WMP) small tree used as a border for plots of land, its seeds woven into bags and necklaces: Leucaena glauca PPh *ipil ipil ipil-ípilCebuano(WMP) small rapidly growing tree of waste places or cultivated, extensively used for firewood. The leaves are used as animal feed and medicinally. It bears beans also used medicinally: Leucaena glauca PPh *ipil ipil ipil-ípilIfugaw(WMP) leguminous tree bearing small leaves (often planted in coffee plantations, because they shade the coffee plants better than other trees) PPh *ipil ipil ipil-ipilMaranao(WMP) a leguminous shrub: Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. PPh *ipil ipil i-pilítMasbatenyo(WMP) to paste or stick, as a picture on the wall PMP *pilit₁ i-pílitTagalog(WMP) to impose; to force or thrust on another; to insist; to keep firmly to some demand, statement or position PPH *pílit i-pintáʔIsneg(WMP) to store tobacco leaves in kolapí boxes PWMP *pitak₂ ʔipíŋBontok(WMP) rest one's head against someone's back or chest, as a child in a carrying blanket PAN *qipiŋ ipíŋKankanaey(WMP) rest, lay, lean (one's head). For instance, upon the shoulder of the person who carries one on the back PAN *qipiŋ ipisSundanese(WMP) thin, fine (hair) PAN *iŋ(e)pis ípisTagalog(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes ipítBikol(WMP) squash, pinch, fasten with a pin; to pin, to clip PMP *qipit ʔípitBontok(WMP) squeeze; squash PMP *qipit ipítCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) clip, clasp, hairpin, pincers, tongs; to pinch, to clip PMP *qipit ípitHiligaynon(WMP) compress, squeeze, press between PMP *qipit ípitIfugaw(WMP) pincers; act of squeezing; a deadfall with bait to kill rats PMP *qipit ípitIlokano(WMP) Chela. Claw or pincer of crustaceans. PMP *qipit ípitKankanaey(WMP) pinch; hold fast; press, squeeze, clasp; tighten, confine PMP *qipit ipitKavalan(Formosan) pincer of crustaceans, tongs for picking up hot embers, chopsticks PAN *qipit ipitKavalan(Formosan) tongs for lifting hot coals; chopsticks PAN *ipit ipitMaranao(WMP) crush, run over, clip with hand PMP *qipit ipitMentawai(WMP) stick tight in something (also used of difficult childbirth) PMP *qipit ipitManggarai(CMP) jam, wedge in; hide; take shelter PMP *qipit ipitRejang(WMP) get close to something; touch; near PAN *ipit ípitTagalog(WMP) clip, clasp; hairpin PMP *qipit ipít, ípitCebuano(WMP) jammed, wedged in between two things PMP *qipit ipit-ipitRejang(WMP) tight together, close together PAN *ipit ipi-tloYami(WMP) third time, three times PAN *telu ipitoGorontalo(WMP) clinging (of a small child that does not want to be left alone) PAN *ipit ʔi-pitpítBontok(WMP) to mash, as cooked sweet potato or cassava PAN *pitpit₂ i-pkétKankanaey(WMP) with adherent vein, applied to the gall bladder (it is considered ill-boding) PMP *peket ipoAnuta(OC) to descend; downwards POC *sipo ipoʔKenyah(WMP) poison PWMP *qipuq ipo-ʔRembong(CMP) grandparent PMP *impu₂ ipoSamoan(OC) edible sea-worm: Sipunculus spp. POC *ibo ipoSangir(WMP) feel, taste, have sexual desire PPh *hipuq ipoTuvaluan(OC) sp. of worm found on the beach POC *ibo ipōhAcehnese(WMP) vegetable poison PWMP *qipuq ipohIban(WMP) the upas tree: Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. The latex is used in making poison for blowpipe darts. PWMP *qipuq ipohMalay(WMP) tree sap used for dart poison, and obtained usually from the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria), or from a creeper, Strychnos tiente PWMP *qipuq iponIbatan(WMP) lobster, shrimp PPh *hípun₂ íponIlokano(WMP) a fish which, after having been hatched in sea water, ascends rivers, where it grows and spawns. From August or September to January, about nine days after the new moon, it appears in exceedingly numerous shoals... Its meat is very much esteemed... It rarely exceeds an inch in length, and when it has grown larger, it is known by some other name PMP *hipun₁ íponIsneg(WMP) a fish which, after having been hatched in sea water, ascends rivers, where it grows and spawns PMP *hipun₁ íponKankanaey(WMP) a variety of dark-colored palay (rice) with awns PPh *ípun₃ iponBisaya (Limbang)(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen iponMaranao(WMP) goby PMP *hipun₁ iponMaranao(WMP) gather, collect, assemble PMP *qi(m)pun ipónPangasinan(WMP) very small fish often made into inasin (a relish made from salting fish or shrimp and leaving to age) PMP *hipun₁ ipónTagalog(WMP) accumulation, heap, collection, deposit PMP *qi(m)pun iponToba Batak(WMP) incisor teeth PMP *ipen iponYami(WMP) river shrimp PPh *hípun₂ i-ponasIbaloy(WMP) to use something to wipe (as cloth); proper cloth to wipe with PMP *punas i-ponponIbaloy(WMP) to pile something up in a big heap PWMP *punpun i-poŋSeimat(OC) night POC *boŋi i-poŋanIbaloy(WMP) to use something as a pillow (as coat, forearm) PPH *puŋan ʔípusBontok(WMP) tail of an animal PPh *ipus íposCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) tail (of animals, fish, birds, snakes) PPh *ipus iposIbaloy(WMP) tail feathers of a fowl PPh *ipus iposItbayaten(WMP) tail; one who tags along PPh *ipus iposToba Batak(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes ipótIfugaw(WMP) what is too tight (of clothes) PWMP *hiqepet ipot-kipotSika(CMP) narrow; close together PMP *iput₁ ippoKlata(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen ipuBare'e(WMP) narrow, hemmed in PMP *iput₁ ipuʔKayan (Busang)(WMP) vegetable poison with which the darts for blowpipes are smeared PWMP *qipuq ipuHawaiian(OC) the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria, also called L. vulgaris); general name for vessel or container, as dish, mug, calabash, pot, cup, pipe POC *ibu ipuKayan(WMP) poison for arrows PWMP *qipuq ipuNgadha(CMP) fish spawn PMP *hipun₁ ipuNgadha(CMP) always together PMP *qi(m)pun ipuNiue(OC) cup POC *ibu ipuRarotongan(OC) generic for articles that serve as a basin, cup, etc., made in ancient days from coconut shells or a calabash POC *ibu ipuSamoan(OC) (coconut shell) cup; bowl; dish POC *ibu ipuToba Batak(WMP) poison used on tips of blowpipe darts PWMP *qipuq ipuTongan(OC) cup POC *ibu ipuUlawa(OC) a hollow in a tree holding water POC *ibu ipuaʔRejang(WMP) a forest tree used to make barkcloth; a potent poison made from the root or sap of this tree, mixed with bait in squirrel and bird traps PWMP *qipuq ipuhKaro Batak(WMP) poison smeared on points of blowpipe darts, and the tree from which it is obtained (Antiaris toxicaria) PWMP *qipuq ipukBerawan (Long Teru)(WMP) head hair PMP *buhek i-pulínIsneg(WMP) to roll down (a slope) PPH *pulin ipúnCebuano(WMP) do something together with someone as he does it; live or stay with someone; mingle with PMP *qi(m)pun ípunIfugaw(WMP) very small fishes living in rivers PMP *hipun₁ ipunRejang(WMP) collect, gather PMP *qi(m)pun ipunRembong(CMP) fingerling of the ikan mua (eel sp.) PMP *hipun₁ ipunTausug(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen i-púnasTagalog(WMP) to use something to wipe with PMP *punas i-púnitIlokano(WMP) to shut, close PPH *punit i-puntílCebuano(WMP) to put into a bag; make a bag PWMP *pu(n)tir ʔipuŋSika(CMP) fishes the size of a match-stick PMP *hipun₁ i puriSa'a(OC) in the stern POC *burit₃ i puri-kuSa'a(OC) in my absence POC *burit₃ ípusCebuano(WMP) small cockroach PMP *ipes ípusHanunóo(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes ípusIlokano(WMP) tail; back part of a G string PPh *ipus ipusMolbog(WMP) tail PPh *ipus *ipusPMin(WMP) tail PPh *ipus *ipusPMin(WMP) tail PPh *ipus ipusTontemboan(WMP) tail PPh *ipus ipusYami(WMP) tail PPh *ipus i-pusíŋIlokano(WMP) to separate, detach; disconnect PPH *pusiŋ i-puslítIlokano(WMP) to smuggle PPH *pus(e)lít iputMongondow(WMP) tail; conclusion PPh *ipus íputIsneg(WMP) tail; stern (of a canoe); hind part (of a G string) PPh *ipus iputSasak(WMP) the thick part of the tail (by the back) PWMP *imput i-puyóŋIlokano(WMP) to put into an improvised purse PWMP *puyuŋ i qat me vu-vunMota(OC) said of fish killed by the heat in shallows POC *(bp)una irIrarutu(SHWNG) they PEMP *ira irKei(CMP) wood file, made from a piece of wood over which a piece of ray or shark skin is stretched PAN *kiRkiR irLonwolwol(OC) yonder, over there POC *iri irSye(OC) they PEMP *ira irTolai(OC) leaf of the croton PMP *siRi ir ~ rirNumfor(SHWNG) cool oneself by fanning PMP *irid₁ iraAnuta(OC) mole (on a person's skin) PMP *qila iraArosi(OC) they, them PEMP *ira iraArosi(OC) to remain POC *tira iraArosi(OC) to remain POC *tira iraCentral Maewo(OC) they, them PEMP *ira iraFijian(OC) cardinal pronoun, 3rd pl. objective: them. It is used after verbs and prepositions; as subject only in sa i ira 'it is they'. The normal subject is ko ira after the verb, and era before it PEMP *ira iraFordata(CMP) they, them PMP *ida iráItawis(WMP) they, them PMP *ida iraLeti(CMP) they, them PMP *ida iraMalagasy(WMP) a hank of cotton or silk prepared for weaving PWMP *idas₂ iraMaloh(WMP) they, them PMP *ida iraManam(OC) how many?, how much? POC *pica iraMaori(OC) freckle, mole, or other natural mark on the skin PMP *qila iraMentawai(WMP) brother-in-law, sister-in-law (woman speaking) PAN *idas₁ iraMori(WMP) they, them PMP *ida iraMota(OC) 3rd pl. suffixed to verb and preposition; never subject; the people, companions of PEMP *ira iraMotu(OC) hatchet; adze PMP *kiRam iraOld Javanese(WMP) form in which the pronoun sira appears, when qualifying a noun (his, her; your) or the in-form of the passive verb (by him, by her; by you) PMP *ida *iraPMic(OC) they, them PEMP *ira iraSika(CMP) cut, carve PMP *hiras iraʔTae'(WMP) mince, cut, chop to pieces PMP *hiras iraWetan(CMP) tear up, rend, tear off PMP *hiras iraWetan(CMP) they, them PMP *ida i-rábonIlokano(WMP) to start, begin (rain) PMP *Rabun i-ragúpIlokano(WMP) join, untie, connect one thing to or with another PWMP *rajup irahAtayal(Formosan) sister-in-law; wife's elder sister, husband's elder sister, elder brother's wife (man or woman speaking PAN *idas₁ irahKayan(WMP) a strand of any cord or rope; a hair of the head PWMP *idas₂ ira-iraŋNgaju Dayak(WMP) bright red PWMP *iraŋ₁ i-rakédIlokano(WMP) tie an animal to a tree or post PPH *Rakéd i-ralaYami(WMP) Orchid Island, the name the Tao have given their own island PAN *daya iramaWedau(OC) stone axe PMP *kiRam ira maiurWoleaian(OC) green wood PMP *ma-qudip i-rámasBikol(WMP) to combine or mix PPH *i-rámas i-rámasIlokano(WMP) to mash, knead into PPH *i-rámas i-ramut-anIlokano(WMP) to cut off the roots PMP *Ramut₁ ira-nMaranao(WMP) their PMP *ida iran, h-iranKayan(WMP) when? at what time? PAN *ijan iraŋKelabit(WMP) slope of a mountain PWMP *iraŋ₂ iraŋMongondow(WMP) very steep rocky slope, abyss PWMP *iraŋ₂ iraŋMakassarese(WMP) crave foods, of a pregnant woman PWMP *qidam iraŋOld Javanese(WMP) shame, embarrassment PWMP *iraŋ₁ iraŋSangir(WMP) lend, borrow PWMP *hinzam iraŋTombulu(WMP) shame PWMP *iraŋ₁ i-raŋoArosi(OC) roller for a canoe; place rollers for a canoe (with instrumental prefix i-) POC *laŋon írapIlokano(WMP) to cut, slice PPH *irap írapIlokano(WMP) to cut, slice PPH *hírap irapKapampangan(WMP) eyelash, PWMP *qizep irapMaranao(WMP) blame, suspect PAN *qijap irapMaranao(WMP) blame, suspect PWMP *idap írapPangasinan(WMP) hardships, torment; be difficult; suffer PWMP *hidap írapTagalog(WMP) glare, sullen glance PAN *qijap írapTagalog(WMP) glare, sullen glance PWMP *idap irap, iapMongondow(WMP) wink, blink PWMP *izap irap-anKapampangan(WMP) wink at PWMP *qizep iráp-enIlokano(WMP) to cut, slice PPH *iráp-en irarKavalan(Formosan) fence PAN *qalad ʔirara'Āre'āre(OC) invoke a spirit in order to know what to do to cure a sick person PAN *kilala ʔiraraArosi(OC) to know, understand, perceive; divination, seance, ordeal; answers to questions were given by the ghosts by movements of natural objects without human intervention PAN *kilala i raraFijian(OC) a fire at which one warms oneself; fireplace, hearth PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ i-ráromBikol(WMP) underneath, under, below, beneath; on the bottom, underlying PMP *i dalem *irasPSS(WMP) cut, slice PMP *hiras irasTausug(WMP) a kinship term referring to the relationship between Ego and the brother-in-law or sister-in-law of his/her spouse PAN *idas₁ irawAgutaynen(WMP) a type of medium-sized black snake which is not poisonous (they are very common, and often live in houses) PPH *idau iráwIbanag(WMP) snake PPH *idau iráwYogad(WMP) snake PPH *idau iRaw-anKavalan(Formosan) be seized by, taken by force PAN *qaRaw ʔiráwuHanunóo(WMP) python PPH *idau i-ráyaBikol(WMP) upstream, inland PAN *daya i-rayaItbayaten(WMP) land (in contrast with the sea) PAN *daya i-rayáMasbatenyo(WMP) upstream, hinerland, inlands, back country PAN *daya i-rayáWaray-Waray(WMP) farm; a tract of land devoted to agriculture; the upper or interior part of a town PAN *daya iraʔPaku(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq *i-r-bakPSS(WMP) cut, make an incision PMP *ibak irdopToba Batak(WMP) to blink PWMP *izep ire'Āre'āre(OC) a pandanus, its leaves used to make armlets POC *kiRe ire'Āre'āre(OC) a stone axe PMP *kiRam ireʔBuginese(WMP) slice, cut, carve PMP *qiris ireInati(WMP) 3pl., they/them PMP *ida ireIrarutu(SHWNG) they, them PEMP *ira i-rebrébIlokano(WMP) to immerse; plunge into; sink; submerge PPH *rebreb irehAcehnese(WMP) slice PMP *qiris iremKavalan(Formosan) pangolin, anteater PAN *qaRem iremMaranao(WMP) dark, brunette PWMP *qirem iremMaranao(WMP) dark, brunette PWMP *qi(n)dem iréŋAcehnese(WMP) walk single-file, follow, accompany, form a procession PMP *iriŋ₁ ireŋJavanese(WMP) black, dark in color; indigo dye PWMP *qiReŋ ireŋSasak(WMP) black PWMP *qiReŋ irəyBintulu(WMP) that (2p) PMP *i-di iriBare'e(WMP) to hunt, chase off or away PMP *iriŋ₁ iriBuginese(WMP) jealousy PWMP *qiRih iriFijian(OC) to fan; a fan POC *irir iriGilbertese(OC) follow, accompany PMP *iriŋ₁ iriKambera(CMP) kind of thornless pandanus; the leaves are used for finely plaited mats PMP *kiRay iriLarevat(OC) that POC *iri iriʔMakassarese(WMP) to fan, to blow (of the wind) PMP *irid₁ iriʔMandar(WMP) wind PMP *irid₁ iriMotu(OC) a saw POC *kikir iriNgadha(CMP) tear, split, cut PMP *qiris iriNggela(OC) demonstrative: those POC *iri iriRarotongan(OC) to select, to choose, to pick out, to name; used figuratively to denote: to recite, to disclose PAN *piliq iriRotuman(OC) to fan; to blow (wind) POC *irir iriʔTae'(WMP) to fan, blow against PMP *irid₁ iríTagalog(WMP) this PMP *i-di iriWaropen(SHWNG) then, next; however, but PEMP *iri iriYamdena(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iriKola(CMP) 3pl., they PMP *ida iriSaparua(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iri, iriŋ-iArosi(OC) to pour PMP *iliŋ₁ iri-aMotu(OC) to saw POC *kikir iridOld Javanese(WMP) pull, draw, drag along; carry away, lead off, to lead PWMP *irid₂ írigIlokano(WMP) incline, lean, bend (of trees, houses, etc.) PPh *hírig ɨrihSundanese(WMP) sword grass: Imperata cylindrica L. PMP *eRiq irihKayan (Uma Bawang)(WMP) that (2p) PMP *i-di ir-ihrPohnpeian(OC) to fan (intr.) POC *irir irihuKambera(CMP) cut into strips PMP *qiris iríkIlokano(WMP) the grains or kernels of rice when separated from the stalk PAN *iRik irik-irik-énIlokano(WMP) to trample (a person) PAN *iRik irikoGilbertese(OC) flesh, muscle, meat POC *pijiko irimoMotu(OC) a tree from which canoes are generally made POC *iRimo irimuLabel(OC) tree sp.: Octomeles sumatrana POC *iRimo ɨrɨnSundanese(WMP) keep still, quiet, be at rest PWMP *eden irin, iriŋIban(WMP) lead by the hand PMP *iriŋ₁ írinaMalagasy(WMP) the border of a piece of cloth PWMP *qiriŋ₁ iriŋBalinese(WMP) accompany, follow a superior PMP *iriŋ₁ iriŋBuginese(WMP) drive animals before one PMP *iriŋ₁ iriŋDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) to lead, guide PMP *iriŋ₁ íriŋIlokano(WMP) be similar, differ slightly PPh *iriŋ₂ iriŋJavanese(WMP) escort, accompany PMP *iriŋ₁ iriŋJavanese(WMP) side, flank PWMP *qiriŋ₂ iriŋKaro Batak(WMP) sloping, inclined, slanted PWMP *qiriŋ₂ iriŋMalay(WMP) Indian file. Of ants following in line one behind the other, etc. PMP *iriŋ₁ iriŋMandar(WMP) drive animals before one (as in driving a flock of ducks to some location) PMP *iriŋ₁ iriŋMaranao(WMP) imitate, emulate, follow PPh *iriŋ₂ iriŋSasak(WMP) follow PMP *iriŋ₁ iriŋSundanese(WMP) follow someone PMP *iriŋ₁ ʔiriŋTiruray(WMP) copy, imitate PPh *iriŋ₂ iriŋToba Batak(WMP) lead someone PMP *iriŋ₁ iriŋManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) do or be the same; the same PPh *iriŋ₂ iri-pPohnpeian(OC) to fan (tr.) POC *irir irirOld Javanese(WMP) fan PMP *irid₁ irisBalinese(WMP) cut, carve, make incisions; tap the sap of trees PMP *qiris írisBikol(WMP) watery diarrhea PPH *íris írisIlokano(WMP) green stool of babies PPH *íris irisJavanese(WMP) slice, cut piece (of something) PMP *qiris irisOld Javanese(WMP) to cut, cut through PMP *qiris *irisPSS(WMP) cut, slice PMP *qiris irisRejang(WMP) shred, chop finely PMP *qiris irisSasak(WMP) cut into strips or slices PMP *qiris irisToba Batak(WMP) cut into small pieces PMP *qiris iritIban(WMP) draw, drag, haul PWMP *irid₂ iritSasak(WMP) pull, drag PWMP *irid₂ iritYamdena(CMP) fan for fanning the fire PMP *irid₁ irna mataWetan(CMP) face PCEMP *ijuŋ mata irnuLeti(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ irnuLuang(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iro'Āre'āre(OC) look for, collect POC *qiro iro'Āre'āre(OC) look for, collect POC *tiro iro'Āre'āre(OC) an oyster living on the roots of mangrove trees POC *tiRom iroArosi(OC) to look; to stare POC *tiro iroArosi(OC) a small gastropod shell from which earrings are made; earrings POC *tiRom iroFijian(OC) to peep, look slyly at POC *qiro iroLau(OC) look at fixedly, look for POC *qiro iroLau(OC) to look at fixedly, look for POC *tiro iroMaori(OC) maggot, threadworm, vermin PMP *qulej i-roMerig(OC) two POC *rua *iroPMic(OC) look at, look for POC *qiro iroSa'a(OC) to look for, to collect POC *tiro iroSangir(WMP) regret, deplore PWMP *iruq iroToqabaqita(OC) look for someone or something, search for someone or something POC *tiro iroToqabaqita(OC) to look for someone or something; to search for someone or something POC *tidros iroʔ, éroʔSasak(WMP) sad, saddening PWMP *iruq iro, iro-iroSa'a(OC) look for, collect POC *qiro iro-aToqabaqita(OC) look for, search for POC *tiro ʔirofTiruray(WMP) sip, suck in a liquid PMP *hiRup iro-fi(a)Lau(OC) look for, spy out POC *tiro irohMelanau (Balingian)(WMP) spoon PAN *qidus iro-hiArosi(OC) look into, look for; stare at, gaze into POC *tiro iro-hiSa'a(OC) to cause a person to be ill, of the action of a ghost POC *tiro iro-hiSa'a(OC) to clear the head of lice POC *tidros iro-irPohnpeian(OC) to look or peer in the distance; to see one’s own reflection; to inspect one’s own appearance; positioned to have a beautiful view POC *tiro iro-iro'Āre'āre(OC) reflection, mirror POC *qiro iro-iroArosi(OC) clear pool in the reef in which one can see one's reflection POC *iro iro iro-iroAua(OC) shine, reflect (Hambruch 1908) POC *iro iro iro-iroLau(OC) translucent pool, still and clear; looking glass, pearl shell of nautilus POC *iro iro iro-iroLau(OC) search for; a translucent pool, still and clear; a looking glass; pearl shell of nautilus, mother-of-pearl POC *tiro-tiro iro-iroLau(OC) a translucent pool, still and clear; looking glass POC *tiro iro-iroSa'a(OC) a pool among rocks used as a mirror POC *qiro iro-iroSa'a(OC) to look for, to collect; a pool among rocks used as a mirror; a glass (late use) POC *tiro-tiro iro-iro-aLau(OC) reflected light, dazzling, silver light of the moon on white clouds, moonshine POC *iro iro iro-iro-aLau(OC) iridescent; reflected light, dazzling; silver light of moon on white clouds, moonshine POC *tiro-tiro irokTagalog(WMP) the sugar palm: Arenga saccharifera PWMP *izuk iro-nunuToqabaqita(OC) mirror POC *tiro iro-ŋMokilese(OC) to peer at POC *tiro iro-ŋ-aʔiArosi(OC) gaze at POC *tiro i-roŋoWayan(OC) noise, sound; news POC *roŋoR i-roŋo-roŋoWayan(OC) news, report; hearing, sense of hearing; stethoscope, hearing aid POC *roŋoR i-roro'Āre'āre(OC) bowstring POC *rolos iro-waiMori Atas(WMP) female PMP *bahi ʔiroʔTiruray(WMP) lie down PPh *hideRáq *ɨrrɨrtPSS(WMP) tight PMP *heRet *ɨrruŋPSS(WMP) drone, roar PWMP *heRuŋ ʔirtPalauan(WMP) large spoon PAN *qidus irtéŋIlokano(WMP) to stretch, to strain (a rope, wire, etc.) PWMP *iReteŋ irteŋ-enIlokano(WMP) to stretch PWMP *iReteŋ-en iruArosi(OC) yam soup; to sip yam soup POC *iRup i-ruAvava(OC) two POC *rua iruBuli(SHWNG) ladle of coconut shell PAN *qiduS iruKodi(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iruʔKomodo(CMP) to suck up PMP *hiRup i-ruLeviamp(OC) two POC *rua i-ruLingarak(OC) two POC *rua iruʔMakassarese(WMP) sip, slurp PMP *hiRup i-ruNaman(OC) two POC *rua iruSangir(WMP) scoop up with a ladle or spoon PAN *qiduS ʔiruSika(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iruSinaugoro(OC) nose POC *icuŋ iruʔTae'(WMP) drink; also absorb, as a cloth that is immersed in water PMP *hiRup i-ruaFordata(CMP) two PMP *duha i-ruaGaloli(CMP) two PMP *duha i-ruaTalur(CMP) two PMP *duha írudIlokano(WMP) trim off rough edges (of a board) PPh *hírud iruh-iArosi(OC) (trans.) POC *iRup iruh-ia'Āre'āre(OC) drink slowly POC *iRup iru-iSoboyo(CMP) scoop up, skim off PAN *qidus irunKisar(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ irunLamaholot(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ irun-Roma(CMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iruŋBalinese(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ ʔirúŋHanunóo(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iruŋJavanese(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iruŋSundanese(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iruŋSupan(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ ʔiruŋTiruray(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ irupKelabit(WMP) what is drunk; way of drinking PMP *hiRup irupMongondow(WMP) to blow, blowing (person, wind); to fan; blow away PMP *heyup irupIban(WMP) drink, fit for drinking PMP *hiRup irupManggarai(CMP) drink slowly (as from a soup bowl) PMP *hiRup irupSasak(WMP) drink noisily, slurp, sip PMP *hiRup iRuRKavalan(Formosan) small stream, creek PAN *iluR₂ iRuRKavalan(Formosan) small stream, creek, small river PAN *qaluR₁ i-ruraMa'anyan(WMP) to spit PMP *ludaq irusAmis (Kiwit)(Formosan) wooden spoon PAN *qiduS irusAsilulu(CMP) coconut shell ladle PAN *qidus irusJavanese(WMP) vegetable or soup ladle of coconut shell or wood PAN *qidus irusKei(CMP) wooden ladle PAN *qidus irusKomodo(CMP) nasal mucus, snot PMP *idus irusManggarai(CMP) nasal mucus, snot PMP *idus irusOld Javanese(WMP) ladle of coconut shell PAN *qidus irusYami(WMP) coconut shell ladle for millet PAN *qidus irus-anTae'(WMP) partake of while drinking, as to partake of baked yam tubers while drinking palm wine PWMP *hiRup-an iruʔTausug(WMP) a dog PPH *qiduq íryMalagasy(WMP) ardent desire; covetous desire PWMP *qiRih irýMalagasy(WMP) that, there, yonder, at some distance but seen PMP *i-di isAsilulu(CMP) exclamation uttered upon failure to catch, hit, hook (etc.) something PMP *qis is-Bunun(Formosan) prefix - instrumental PAN *Si-₁ isEre(OC) exclamation of fear PMP *qisaq isIban(WMP) exclamation of scorn or disapproval PMP *qis isJavanese(WMP) jeering exclamation PMP *qis isLikum(OC) sound made to frighten off dog or pig that tries to enter house PMP *qisaq isLoniu(OC) expression of disbelief or mild contempt PMP *qisaq isManggarai(CMP) interjection of disgust (as on seeing feces) PMP *qis isNauna(OC) expression of irritation, as when someone is pestering you PMP *qisaq isNgaju Dayak(WMP) interjection: phooey! PMP *qis isNumfor(SHWNG) scour, scrub PEMP *isug isNumfor(SHWNG) slide oneself over the ground, as someone who is lame PMP *isu₁ isaBare'e(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isáBikol(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isaBintulu(WMP) 3sg. PAN *si ia₁ isaBuli(SHWNG) one PAN *isa₁ isaʔChamorro(WMP) an exclamation of surprise PMP *qisaq isaFijian(OC) interjection of regret or yearning PMP *qisaq isáHiligaynon(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isaIdate(CMP) one PAN *isa₁ isáIsneg(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isáItawis(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isaKamarian(CMP) one PAN *isa₁ isaLabel(OC) how many? POC *pica isaʔMa'anyan(WMP) one PWMP *isa-q isaMalagasy(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isaMaranao(WMP) one; a, an PAN *isa₁ isaMekeo (East)(OC) 3sg., he, she PAN *ia₁ isa-Lakalai(OC) name, identity POC *isa₂ isáPangasinan(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isaSaaroa(Formosan) 3sg. PAN *si ia₁ isaSamal(WMP) one (in counting) PAN *isa₁ ʔisaSamoan(OC) used to show annoyance, for example when scolding PMP *qisaq isáTagalog(WMP) one; another PAN *isa₁ isa-Tigak(OC) name POC *isa₂ ʔisaTongan(OC) interjection indicating that what one has just said was wrong and is now to be corrected PMP *qisaq isaTunjung(WMP) 3sg. PAN *si ia₁ isa-Tutuba(OC) name POC *isa₂ isaManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) the number one, used in counting PAN *isa₁ isa-alaŋ-alaŋTagalog(WMP) to consider; to take into account PPH *alaŋ-alaŋ₂ i-sabitAgutaynen(WMP) to hang something up on a nail; to attach something to something; to pin something on something, as a ribbon or leaf on a shirt; to be involved in something, be a part of PPH *i-saqebít i-sabítTagalog(WMP) to hang something on a nail, hook, stand or rack PPH *i-saqebít i-sábitTagalog(WMP) to hang something on a nail, hook, stand or rack PWMP *sabit i-sábogBikol(WMP) to sow by scattering seeds PMP *saq(e)buR i-sábogTagalog(WMP) to disseminate; to scatter like seed; to spread about; to plant seeds by scattering them PMP *saq(e)buR i-sáboŋTagalog(WMP) to pit a gamecock against another; to use for betting in a cockfight (referring to a certain amount of money) PWMP *sabuŋ₁ i-sabuágIlokano(WMP) to cast something at one’s opponent; to cast earth out of a hole in the ground PPH *sabuag i-sabwágBikol(WMP) to scatter or broadcast seeds PPH *sabuag i-sabwagBinukid(WMP) scatter them! PPH *sabuag i-sabʔitBinukid(WMP) to hang up (as pants on a nail in the wall) PPH *i-saqebít ʔi-sabʔítBontok(WMP) to hang up, of articles without handles, or rings used for hanging PPH *i-saqebít i-sabʔítIlokano(WMP) to hang from a hook, hook PPH *i-saqebít i-sabʔítIsneg(WMP) to hang on a hook PPH *i-saqebít ʔi-sabʔítKankanaey(WMP) to hang up, to hang upon, to hock; to catch, to catch in PPH *i-saqebít i-sábʔitMasbatenyo(WMP) to hang on a hook or any protruding thing PPH *i-saqebít i-sadsadIbaloy(WMP) to trample, stomp on something, step on something repeatedly (as dried bean pods to free seeds) PPH *sadsad i-sadɁáŋKankanaey(WMP) to hang; to hang upon; to hook; to catch; to catch in PPH *sad(e)qaŋ i- sagádTagalog(WMP) to sink something down to the hilt or the bottom PWMP *saRad i-ságoBikol(WMP) to ooze (as blood from the nose or mouth of the dead, brine from a jar of salted preserves) PWMP *sagu₂ i-sagótTagalog(WMP) to give as an answer to a person or to question; to give as a security, pledge or guarantee PPH *sagút isahBunun(Formosan) urine (Tsuchida 1976: 162) PAN *iSeq i-sahógTagalog(WMP) to add as an ingredient to a mixture PPH *sahuR i saiSangir(WMP) who? PMP *i-sai isa isaMaranao(WMP) alone, only PAN *isa isa isa isaTagalog(WMP) one by one, one each time PAN *isa isa i sai-saiSangir(WMP) who? (plural) PMP *sai sai i sai-sai-ŋSangir(WMP) each one, everyone, whoever PMP *sai sai i-sáitIlokano(WMP) to sharpen, whet PAN *saqit i-sakítIlokano(WMP) to defend, protect, aid; help, support; uphold PMP *sakit i-sakláyBikol(WMP) to sling s.t. across the shoulders PPH *sakeláy i-sakníbBikol(WMP) to place one thing on top of another (referring only to thin things such as mats, linen, paper) PPH *sak(e)níb i-saksákBikol(WMP) to plug something in; to insert something PPH *i-seksek i-saksákBikol(WMP) to plug something in; to insert something PPH *i-saksák i-saksákIlokano(WMP) to insert; put in; plug in PPH *saksák i-saksákIlokano(WMP) to insert; put i; plug in PPH *i-saksák i-salapáyIlokano(WMP) to hang (to dry); wear a shawl over shoulders PWMP *salampay i-saliWayan(OC) something for water to flow through: drain, channel, acqueduct, pipe, etc.; ditch or drain made by water flow PMP *saliR i-sáligTagalog(WMP) to base on PMP *sandiR i-salinAgutaynen(WMP) to transfer, move something, as a cake from one plate to another PWMP *salin ʔi-sálinHanunóo(WMP) be transferred from one container to another; be translated PWMP *salin i-sálinTagalog(WMP) to translate; to change from one language to another; to render PWMP *salin i-salítTagalog(WMP) to intersperse PPH *i-salét i-sallíIlokano(WMP) to shift the blame PWMP *seli₁ i-sálokTagalog(WMP) to use something for scooping up water or any liquid; to fetch water from a well or the like for someone PMP *saruk i-sáloŋTagalog(WMP) to sheathe a sword; to lower one’s weapon as a sign of surrender PWMP *saruŋ i-salúkobIlokano(WMP) to shield; guard; conceal PPH *salúkub isam-batanaMalagasy(WMP) every one, individually PMP *bataŋ i-sampáyTagalog(WMP) to hang clothes (laundry) on a line, etc. PMP *sampay₁ isa-nNali(OC) gills of a fish PWMP *isaŋ i-sandígBikol(WMP) to lean something (as a ladder on a wall) PMP *sandiR i-sandígTagalog(WMP) to cause one to lean on something; basis; to base on something PMP *sandiR isaŋKaro Batak(WMP) chin PWMP *isaŋ isaŋ, iŋsaŋMalay(WMP) gills of a fish PWMP *isaŋ i-saŋaFijian(OC) a pair of tongs POC *saŋa₁ i-saŋálBikol(WMP) to insert something into the mouth or a mouthlike opening; to insert something through any slit or opening PWMP *saŋal i-saŋdalIbaloy(WMP) to roast or parch something with dry heat (as coffee beans, peanuts in a cast-iron pot) PMP *saŋelaR isaŋ-isaŋToba Batak(WMP) lower jaw, chin PWMP *isaŋ i-saŋkálanTagalog(WMP) to use as a block for cutting or chopping meat, etc.; to place on a block, referring to something to be cut or chopped PWMP *saŋkalan ʔi-saŋlagBontok(WMP) to roast in a pan, as coffee or peanuts PMP *saŋelaR i-saŋlagAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) to fry PMP *saŋelaR i-saŋɁátIlokano(WMP) to carry up to a place; land; take to the mountains (a captive) PPH *saŋ(e)qát i-saóIlokano(WMP) to say, express PPH *sahuq i-saóIlokano(WMP) to say; express PMP *sau₄ i-sapatIbaloy(WMP) to put something up to a higher place --- especially of putting rice bundles up into the attic granary or on the sapat-an drying rack; more broadly, of putting cargo on top of a bus PPH *sapat i-sapínTagalog(WMP) to use something as an underlayer (especially for protection) PPH *sapín i-sapoIbaloy(WMP) (in butchering) to cut an animal into basic large portions, to quarter it PPH *sapuq isa-púsoʔTagalog(WMP) to engrave in the heart PMP *pusuq₁ is-atađBunun(Formosan) be killed with something (Nihira 1983) PAN *aCay i-sauKairiru(OC) far away POC *sauq₁ i-saúdKankanaey(WMP) to fit; to prepare; to fix the warp PPH *saud i- saúpIlokano(WMP) to substitute; proxy; join PWMP *saqup i-savatItbayaten(WMP) to bring home PWMP *sabat isawLampung(WMP) intestines PWMP *isaw ísawTagalog(WMP) small intestine; blind intestine PWMP *isaw i-sawsáwBikol(WMP) to dip (as food into a sauce) PPH *sawsáw i-sawsawIbaloy(WMP) to dip something---especially food (as in preparation for cooking, lechon (pork) in sauce PPH *sawsáw i-sawsáwIlokano(WMP) to dip, dunk PPH *sawsáw i-saxetItbayaten(WMP) to wedge in PPH *i-salét i-sayDumpas(WMP) who? PMP *i-sai i-sayKujau(WMP) who? PMP *i-sai i-sayBisaya (Limbang)(WMP) who? PMP *i-sai i-sayRungus Dusun(WMP) who? PMP *i-sai i-sayTatana(WMP) who? PMP *i-sai i-saysayAgutaynen(WMP) to explain; narration PPH *sáysay i-saysáyTagalog(WMP) to attest; to declare; to give testimony; to give an account of PPH *sáysay i-saɁapTontemboan(WMP) what one uses as a scooper PPH *saRap i-saʔbítBikol(WMP) to hang something up (as on a wall); place something on a hook PPH *i-saqebít ʔisaʔisaTongan(OC) interjection, dreadful! PMP *qisaq isboIbaloy(WMP) urine PAN *sibu isbóIlokano(WMP) urine PAN *sibu isbo-anIbaloy(WMP) place to urinate (as urinal, bedpan); to urinate on something PAN *sibu isbu-ánIlokano(WMP) to urinate on something PAN *sibu isdáʔAklanon(WMP) fish PPh *sidáq ʔisdáBontok(WMP) to eat meat, including fish and edible insects such as crickets and beetles, but excluding snails PPh *sidáq ʔisdáʔHanunóo(WMP) fish PPh *sidáq ʔisdáʔPalawan Batak(WMP) fish PPh *sidáq isdáʔTagalog(WMP) fish PPh *sidáq isdáɁTagalog(WMP) fish PPH *sedaq iseAhus(OC) who? PMP *i-sai i-seAtchin(OC) who? PMP *i-sei i-seDusun Deyah(WMP) who? PMP *i-sei iseLakona(OC) who? PMP *i-sai iseLametin(OC) who? PMP *i-sai iseMerig(OC) who? PMP *i-sai isESoutheast Ambrym(OC) name POC *isa₂ i-seToba Batak(WMP) interrogative pronoun, who? PMP *i-sei ise-Malmariv(OC) name POC *isa₂ isedSundanese(WMP) move up, push up, make room, move over PMP *ised i-sedsedIbaloy(WMP) to pack something down, compress, tamp (as earth around a housepost, carrots in a sack) PPH *sedsed₂ isegMaranao(WMP) move PMP *iseR isegManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) move over or move along PMP *iseR ʔiseg, insegTiruray(WMP) move something, move oneself a short way PMP *iseR iseg-isegMaranao(WMP) move farther PMP *iseR iseiMalmariv(OC) who? PMP *i-sai i-seiMarino(OC) who? PMP *i-sei i-seiSimbo(OC) who? PMP *i-sei i-seiTalise(OC) who? PMP *i-sei i-seiTutuba(OC) who? PMP *i-sei isekTontemboan(WMP) press something down to make it more compact PWMP *isek i-səksəkCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) to put something into a small hole or crevice PPH *i-seksek i-seksekIbaloy(WMP) to hide, place, plant something thus (as coffee seedlings among tall trees, house built in wooded area); to stuff something into something else (as tobacco into a pipe bowl, things into a suitcase) PPH *i-seksek i-seksekIlokano(WMP) to cram, force into, stuff, crowd PPH *i-seksek i-seksékKankanaey(WMP) to copulate PPH *i-seksek isemIlokano(WMP) to smile PWMP *isem₁ isepBalinese(WMP) suck, drink in PMP *qisep isepSasak(WMP) suck PMP *qisep isep-anBalinese(WMP) sugarcane PWMP *qisep-an iserNumfor(SHWNG) move, push (a table, chair, etc.) PMP *ised iserNumfor(SHWNG) move, push (a table, chair, etc.) PMP *iseR iserNumfor(SHWNG) move, push (a table, chair, etc.) PMP *isuR iserOld Javanese(WMP) move aside PMP *ised iserOld Javanese(WMP) move aside PMP *iseR iserSundanese(WMP) move, push PMP *iseR iserSundanese(WMP) move, push PMP *iseR iseueŋAcehnese(WMP) gills PWMP *isaŋ iseyRejang(WMP) contents PAN *isi₅ isəʔMinokok(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ ʔise-ʔisaTongan(OC) indicating interest, wonder, or appreciation PMP *qisaq i-shait-anIbaloy(WMP) sew something for someone PMP *zaqit i-shawatIbaloy(WMP) to offer something PPH *dáwat i-shemshemIbaloy(WMP) to keep something a secret --- especially of wrong-doing PAN *demdem₁ i-shogoIbaloy(WMP) place something in a corner PWMP *zuRu isiʔAmis(Formosan) urine, urinate PAN *iSiq isiArosi(OC) there, that POC *iti isi-Asilulu(CMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ isiBalinese(WMP) contain, be contained in, be filled with; contents, filling, kernel (nut), produce (of a field or garden); flesh (as opposed to fat and bone) PAN *isi₅ isiBanjarese(WMP) contents PAN *isi₅ isiBimanese(CMP) contents; seed PAN *isi₅ isiBuginese(WMP) tooth PWMP *isi₁ isiDelang(WMP) meat PAN *isi₅ isiFavorlang/Babuza(Formosan) urine PAN *iSiq isiFijian(OC) to tear out in small pieces; cut lengthwise as bamboo, cut or tear off the inner part of vau (hibiscus) bark to be used as string PCEMP *isi₂ isiʔIban(WMP) content; capacity; interior; fill PAN *isi₅ isiJavanese(WMP) insides, contents; full (of), filled (with) PAN *isi₅ isiKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) tooth PWMP *isi₁ isiKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) flesh, meat; tuber PAN *isi₅ isiKaro Batak(WMP) contents; residents of a house, of a village, etc. PAN *isi₅ isiKomodo(CMP) meat PAN *isi₅ isiLaha(CMP) contents PAN *isi₅ isiLampung(WMP) fill something PAN *isi₅ isiLeti(CMP) contents; flesh PAN *isi₅ i-siLingarak(OC) who? PMP *i-sai i-siLoniu(OC) s/he farts POC *si₂ i-siLoniu(OC) s/he farts POC *siki isiMaloh(WMP) tooth PWMP *isi₁ isiʔMaloh(WMP) meat, flesh PAN *isi₅ isiMalay(WMP) contents; component parts. Etymologically, the "flesh" of anything PAN *isi₅ isiMorella(CMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ isiLakalai(OC) scrape, grate (as coconut); to scrape wood smooth POC *isi₄ isiNgadha(CMP) flesh without bones and fat; tuber; residents, people; corpulent PAN *isi₅ isiNgaju Dayak(WMP) flesh (of humans, animals, fruits); blade (of knife, dagger, etc.) PAN *isi₅ isiNggela(OC) hiss to chase off a dog POC *isi₃ isiNias(WMP) contents PAN *isi₅ isiNukuoro(OC) peel off in long, thin strips PCEMP *isi₂ isiOld Javanese(WMP) contents, what is found (lives, etc.) in a place; the special content, the core or essence PAN *isi₅ ʔisíPalawan Batak(WMP) meat, flesh PAN *isi₅ isiPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) meat, flesh PAN *isi₅ isiRennellese(OC) to scoop, scrape, as coconut meat from a shell POC *isi₄ isiRotinese(CMP) to peel, as an onion; to scale a fish PCEMP *isi₂ isiRotinese(CMP) insides, content; flesh, pulp; what is loaded into a gun; an arrow to a bow PAN *isi₅ isiRotuman(OC) hissing noise to attract attention, or as a request to keep silent POC *isi₃ isiSamoan(OC) split PCEMP *isi₂ isiSamoan(OC) (of wood, etc.) split PMP *Risi isiSamoan(OC) (of wood, etc.) split PMP *Risiq isiSangir(WMP) tooth PWMP *isi₁ isiSasak(WMP) contents; flesh (of animals, fruits) PAN *isi₅ isiʔSasak(WMP) to fill; to place food on a wooden dish in order to serve a meal PAN *isi₅ ʔisiSika(CMP) contents PAN *isi₅ isiSimalur(WMP) contents, inhabitants; flesh PAN *isi₅ isiSoboyo(CMP) put in, fill up PAN *isi₅ isiTae'(WMP) tooth PWMP *isi₁ isiToba Batak(WMP) contents; inhabitants PAN *isi₅ isi, isi-aFijian(OC) tear out in small pieces; cut lengthwise, as bamboo; cut or tear off the inner part of vau (hibiscus) bark to be used as string PMP *Risi isi, isi-aFijian(OC) tear out in small pieces; cut lengthwise, as bamboo; cut or tear off the inner part of vau (hibiscus) bark to be used as string PMP *Risiq isi, isi-aMolima(OC) to grate, as on a grater, to rub (it) POC *isi₄ isi-aMotu(OC) husk a coconut; bite off rim of sugarcane POC *ŋiŋit-i i-siámIlokano(WMP) to hold a novena prayer for the deceased PPH *siám isi-anMalay(WMP) what is filled PWMP *isi-an isi-anToba Batak(WMP) vessel, receptacle, container PWMP *isi-an isi-aŋMandar(WMP) filled PWMP *isi-an i-siaŋ-iToba Batak(WMP) weed plants to give them light and space PWMP *siaŋ isi-coloTeluti(CMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ i-sídokBikol(WMP) to take something with a spoon PMP *si(n)duk isi gigiSasak(WMP) gums PAN *isi₅ i-sigpítIlokano(WMP) to insert between, intercalate PPH *sig(e)pít isihPohnpeian(OC) hiss at POC *isi₃ isiHPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) urine PAN *iSiq isíiRukai (Maga)(Formosan) urine PAN *iSiq i-siitItbayaten(WMP) dorsal fin, ventral fin PWMP *siqit i-siít-anIlokano(WMP) to remove fish bones PWMP *siqit i-síkadIbaloy(WMP) to stamp (purposive, as to remove dust from shoes) PPH *síkad i-síkadKankanaey(WMP) to set one’s foot against a point of support, as in order to pull or lift up something PPH *síkad ʔi-síkatBontok(WMP) to show off; to skite; to make a public display of one’s possessions or attainments PPH *sikát i si-koBare'e(WMP) 2sg. (emphatic) PMP *i-kahu i-siksíkTagalog(WMP) to cram or force into; to stuff; to assert; to put oneself forward; to jam; to push or thrust a thing hard into a place; to pack; to press or crowd closely together; to wedge; to thrust or pack in tightly PPH *i-seksek i-síloŋTagalog(WMP) to take or bring animals or things to shelter, against the sun, rain or storm PWMP *siduŋ isi m-beŋaheʔSangir(WMP) molar tooth PAN *beReqaŋ isi-nBuruese(CMP) meat, flesh; contents, usable part PAN *isi₅ isi-nSoboyo(CMP) flesh, contents, juice, milk PAN *isi₅ isi-nTetun(CMP) body or torso, the product, the internal part, the contents, the useful part, a layer; a keen cutting edge of a knife, etc. PAN *isi₅ isi-nYamdena(CMP) flesh, contents; blade of knife, point of an arrow, etc.; harvest of the crops; have a plentiful yield, of tubers PAN *isi₅ isi-n baleSasak(WMP) members of the household PAN *isi₅ isi-n fuku-nTetun(CMP) joints in general PCEMP *buku isi-niPaulohi(CMP) flesh; contents PAN *isi₅ isi-niSaparua(CMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ isi-n onaTetun(CMP) said when plants have produced tubers, or when fruit is nearing maturity PAN *isi₅ i-síŋalIlokano(WMP) to insert (a wedge, etc.) PPH *siŋal i-siŋilIbaloy(WMP) to bring something out in confronting someone (as old misunderstanding, quarrel, favor given that wasn’t returned) PWMP *siŋir i-síŋitBikol(WMP) to insert something PPH *i-síŋit i-síŋitIlokano(WMP) to insert; include; interpose PPH *i-síŋit i-síŋitTagalog(WMP) to tuck; to thrust into some narrow space or into some retired place; to insert; to set in PPH *i-síŋit ísipAklanon(WMP) egoistic, selfish, always considering oneself; think of, consider, reckon, ponder; thought, consideration PPh *ísip ísipBikol(WMP) mind, opinion, judgment; think about, mull over PPh *ísip isípBikol(WMP) selfish; an egoist or egotist PPh *ísip ísipCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) thought, understanding, judgement, sense, opinion, think, think deeply, plan PPh *ísip ísipCebuano(WMP) count something; consider, treat something or someone as something PPh *ísip ísipHanunóo(WMP) thoughts, thinking; perception, feeling; think PPh *ísip ísipHiligaynon(WMP) number, count PPh *ísip ísipIlokano(WMP) intellect, mind, intelligence; consider, think on, study, ponder PPh *ísip ísipKankanaey(WMP) think, deem, be of opinion PPh *ísip ísipKapampangan(WMP) think PPh *ísip isipMaranao(WMP) count; number PPh *ísip ísipPangasinan(WMP) mind; to think PPh *ísip ísipTagalog(WMP) thought, understanding, judgment, sense; criterion, opinion; discernment; idea; plan, intend PPh *ísip isipManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) the mind; to think PPh *ísip isíp-anKapampangan(WMP) think PPh *isip-en i-siparəSaaroa(Formosan) the opposite side of the river PAN *SipaR isíp-enIlokano(WMP) consider, think on, study PPh *isip-en isíp-enKankanaey(WMP) think, deem, be of opinion PPh *isip-en ísip-inTagalog(WMP) think (of something) PPh *isip-en isip-ínTagalog(WMP) matter for thought; things to be thought of PPh *isip-en i- sípiŋTagalog(WMP) to put beside, or by the side of someone or something PPH *sípiŋ i-sipolIbaloy(WMP) to apply either the drink to the staple, or the staple to the drink PMP *simbuR isíp-onAklanon(WMP) think over PPh *isip-en ísip-onBikol(WMP) think about, mull over, ponder PPh *isip-en isíp-unCebuano(WMP) to count PPh *isip-en ísip-unHiligaynon(WMP) to count, reckon, enumerate PPh *isip-en isiqPaiwan(Formosan) urine PAN *iSiq isiráItawis(WMP) meat or fish viand or side dish PPh *sidáq ísʔisCebuano(WMP) exclamation to urge dogs (Llamzon 1969:89) PMP *qis i-sisiTagalog(WMP) to blame; to put the blame for something on another person; to impute PWMP *selsel₂ isi-vaBatu Merah(CMP) flesh PAN *isi₅ isi waraKomodo(CMP) gums PAN *isi₅ i-siʔshipIbaloy(WMP) to aim, sight something (as a gun) PPH *siq(e)rip iskanBunun (Takbanuad)(Formosan) fish PAN *Sikan is-kaʔunBunun(Formosan) any instrument used for eating, as chopsticks PAN *Si-kaen i-slaŋCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) for a hunter to save the jawbones of the wild pigs he has shot (inserting them in rows in the roof of his house; a way of showing off the number of pigs he has gotten) PPH *selaŋ₂ is-náwaAyta Maganchi(WMP) breath PMP *nihawa is-náwaKapampangan(WMP) breath (Bergaño 1860, Jason Lobel p.c.) PMP *nihawa i-sŋáwIlokano(WMP) to reveal, declare; express one’s thoughts PWMP *seŋ(e)qaw isoAmis(Formosan) 2sg. PAN *iSu isoBalinese(WMP) belly, entrails (of animals) PWMP *isaw isoBimanese(CMP) shout to chase off chicken PMP *isu₂ isoʔBuginese(WMP) suck PMP *qisep ísoIlokano(WMP) wipe, clean by rubbing PMP *hisuq isoJavanese(WMP) large intestine, esp. of an animal slaughtered for a feast PWMP *isaw isoKadazan Dusun(WMP) one PAN *isa₁ isoʔMakassarese(WMP) suck, sniff, slurp up; to smoke (tobacco) PMP *qisep isõNias(WMP) smoke a pipe PAN *hisep isõNias(WMP) sour fruits PWMP *isem₂ isoSasak(WMP) kidneys PWMP *isaw isoSeediq(Formosan) 2sg. PAN *iSu ísodTagalog(WMP) act of moving up or away in position PMP *icud ísodTagalog(WMP) act of moving up or away in position PMP *isud ísoeAklanon(WMP) move backwards PPh *isul ísogBikol(WMP) move nearer or farther PMP *isuR isokToba Batak(WMP) illness in the chest PWMP *isek isólCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) take a step backwards; step back PPh *isul ʔi-súluBontok(WMP) to teach PAN *suRuq₂ i-solóŋPangasinan(WMP) to wear, put on clothing, etc. PMP *suluŋ₂ ʔi-súlutBontok(WMP) to follow a trail; to believe; to obey; to copy; to follow with PPH *súrut ʔi-sontókBontok(WMP) to fight; to hit with the fists; to box PPH *suntúk i-sóokKankanaey(WMP) to go out for the first time (after a time of sacrifice, during which it was forbidden) PPH *suquk isopKadazan Dusun(WMP) sink into (as water into soil) PMP *qisep isopLabel(OC) to drink POC *isop isopLabel(OC) to drink PMP *qisep isotAcehnese(WMP) shove PMP *isud isótAklanon(WMP) become smaller; almost, barely, nearly PWMP *isut₁ isouPohnpeian(OC) a shore tree: Calophyllum inophyllum POC *pitaquR i-sovoItbayaten(WMP) to put in the mouth PPH *i-súbuq i-sovu-sovuWayan(OC) place for descending,; descent path; landing place, place for disembarking POC *sobu issáIsneg(WMP) to shoo chickens PMP *qisaq issaKavalan(Formosan) one PAN *isa₁ issaʔTae'(WMP) one PWMP *isa-q issiMandar(WMP) contents PAN *isi₅ issiTae'(WMP) contents, stuffing; the soft parts of a body as against the bones, the soft parts of a fruit as against the pit PAN *isi₅ issoŋTae'(WMP) wooden rice mortar PAN *iŋsuŋ issúIsneg(WMP) to shoo pigs PMP *isu₂ isu'Āre'āre(OC) move, remove, of persons and things PMP *icud isu'Āre'āre(OC) move, remove, of persons and things PMP *isud isuAtayal(Formosan) nominalized pronoun II; you sg. PAN *iSu isuBare'e(WMP) rub; scrub or scour gently PMP *isut₂ isuKadazan Dusun(WMP) rub with something, as for instance in washing PMP *hisuq isu-Kairiru(OC) nose POC *icuŋ isuLau(OC) prow and stern erections of a canoe POC *icuŋ isuLuangiua(OC) nose POC *icuŋ isu-Nduke(OC) nose POC *icuŋ isuNgadha(CMP) press on, push away, press down PMP *icud isuNgadha(CMP) press on, push away, press down PMP *isud isuNgadha(CMP) press on, push away, press down PMP *isuR isuNgadha(CMP) press on, push away, press down PMP *isu₁ isu-Rennellese(OC) nose, beak, swelling on top of beak of doves; axe handle top, beneath the butt end of the blade POC *icuŋ isu-Roro(OC) nose POC *icuŋ isu-Rotuman(OC) nose; projection, cape of land; point, tip, head of match POC *icuŋ isuRoviana(OC) face POC *icuŋ isuSaliba(OC) nose POC *icuŋ isu-Samoan(OC) nose POC *icuŋ isuSangir(WMP) move up, push aside, budge; shoving motion PMP *isu₁ isu-Suau(OC) nose POC *icuŋ isu-Tigak(OC) nose POC *icuŋ i-sua-suaFijian(OC) the two transversal poles lashes across the crossbeams near the deck of a canoe, and helping rowing PEMP *suak i-sublíIlokano(WMP) to return, give back PPH *sub(e)líq i-sublíIsneg(WMP) to return, to bring back, to restore PPH *sub(e)líq i-sublíʔKapampangan(WMP) to return something PPH *sub(e)líq i-súboIlokano(WMP) to feed, supply; to pass warp threads through the reed in weaving PPH *i-súbuq i-súbokIlokano(WMP) to try PPH *subuk₂ i- súboɁBikol(WMP) to stuff a lot of food into the mouth at one time PPH *i-súbuq isúgCebuano(WMP) move, cause something to do so; budge from one's belief PMP *iseR isúgCebuano(WMP) move, cause something to do so; budge from one's belief PMP *isuR i-súgatIlokano(WMP) to inflict a wound with PWMP *suRat i-sugígiIlokano(WMP) to sweep with the tip of a broom; insist PWMP *sugi isuhJavanese(WMP) wash hands or feet PMP *hisuq isuh-isuhOld Javanese(WMP) washing PMP *hisuq isu-isuArosi(OC) nose ornament, made of clam shell POC *icuŋ isukNumfor(SHWNG) rub, scour something until it breaks in two PMP *isut₂ i-súkaTagalog(WMP) to throw up; to spew; to vomit PPH *suka₂ i-sukaWaray-Waray(WMP) to vomit or eject what is inside the stomach PPH *suka₂ i-sukátTagalog(WMP) to try on; to put on (e.g. shoes or clothes in order to test the size, fit, etc.) PWMP *sukat i-suksókMasbatenyo(WMP) be inserted PPH *i-seksek ísulCebuano(WMP) move backwards without turning around PPh *isul ísulHiligaynon(WMP) retreat, move back so as to make way PPh *isul i suluFijian(OC) a loincloth, piece of cloth one fathom long girt around the loins; nowadays applied to clothing in general PMP *suluŋ₂ i-suluWayan(OC) clothes, dress (general); skirt or sarong, sheet of cloth worn wrapped around the waist of a man, and around the waist and upper body of a woman PMP *suluŋ₂ isu mai'Āre'āre(OC) move here, nearer PMP *isud i-sumbóŋBikol(WMP) to tattle or squeal about; to report about PPH *sumbuŋ i-sumbuŋKapampangan(WMP) to accuse, denounce, tattle on PPH *sumbuŋ i-súmpaCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) to curse someone PPH *i-sumpaq i-sumpáʔKapampangan(WMP) to curse someone PPH *i-sumpaq i-sumpáʔTagalog(WMP) to condemn; to express strong disapproval PPH *i-sumpaq isu-naTorau(OC) nose POC *icuŋ i-sunódBikol(WMP) to place after; to collocate; place in consecutive order, place in a series; to sequence; to rank PPH *sunúd isuŋManggarai(CMP) nose; snot PMP *ijuŋ i-súŋoIlokano(WMP) to point out with the nose PPH *suŋu₂ i-súpotIlokano(WMP) to place in a bag PPH *súput i-supót-anIlokano(WMP) to put in a bag for someone PPH *súput i-súroIlokano(WMP) to teach; show; point out; reveal PAN *suRuq₂ isutNgaju Dayak(WMP) a little; short time PWMP *isut₁ isutNgaju Dayak(WMP) what is scrubbed or scoured PMP *isut₂ isu wou'Āre'āre(OC) move away a bit PMP *isud i-swanItbayaten(WMP) digging iron (in farming), digging stick (for yam, camote) PMP *suqan ísyMalagasy(WMP) be, exist; there is PAN *isi₅ isyMalagasy(WMP) an expression of dislike, disapproval, or denial PMP *qisaq isy-anOld Javanese(WMP) filling PWMP *isi-an itEast Damar(CMP) we (incl. and excl.) PAN *k-ita itIrarutu(SHWNG) we (incl.) PAN *k-ita itKaulong(OC) we PAN *ita₁ itKei(CMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita it/vauSye(OC) new PEMP *baqoRu itaAnakalangu(CMP) to see PAN *kita₂ itaAtayal(Formosan) we (incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaBalaesang(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaBunun (Takituduh)(Formosan) we (incl.) PAN *ita₁ itáCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) go ahead (on a path), imperative (probably a shortening of kitá) PWMP *itaq itáCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) go ahead (on a path), imperative (probably a shortening of kitá) PWMP *ita₂ ʔitaDampelas(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita ʔitaDobuan(OC) to see PAN *kita₂ itaErai(CMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaFordata(CMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaGitua(OC) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita itaKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaʔKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) to see PAN *kita₂ itaKaro Batak(WMP) we (plural incl.); same as kita, but more familiar/intimate PAN *ita₁ itaʔKayan(WMP) a collective, impersonal, 1st person pronoun, expressing humility; I, in association with others PAN *ita₁ itaKayan(WMP) fierceness, aggressiveness PMP *qitaq itaLeti(CMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita itaMafea(OC) squid PMP *kuRita itaMagori(OC) we (incl.) PAN *k-ita itaʔMandar(WMP) we (plural incl.); 2nd pers. sg. polite pronoun PAN *k-ita itaMaranao(WMP) let's go! PWMP *ita₂ itaʔMaranao(WMP) threat PMP *qitaq itaMotu(OC) to see, to look PAN *kita₂ itaʔMurik(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaMussau(OC) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita itaNgaju Dayak(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaNias(WMP) 1st person pronoun, now used for the singular as an impolite gesture, but still normally used for the plural PAN *ita₁ itaOnin(CMP) 1pl. incl. PAN *ita₁ itaPaiwan(Formosan) one PAN *isa₁ itáPangasinan(WMP) go ahead of someone, invite to follow PWMP *itaq (i)táPangasinan(WMP) we (dual) topic pronoun; form used when the preceding word ends in a consonant PAN *ita₁ itáPangasinan(WMP) go ahead of someone, invite to follow PWMP *ita₂ itaPazeh(Formosan) we (incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaRarotongan(OC) annoyance, anger; a strong emotion excited by a real or fancied injury; restlessness PMP *qitaq ʔitaRennellese(OC) jealous, jealousy PMP *qitaq itaRukai (Mantauran)(Formosan) we, us (incl.), topic pronoun PAN *ita₁ itaSaisiyat(Formosan) we (incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaSamoan(OC) angry; anger; dislike, hate; envy PMP *qitaq itaSasak(WMP) 1st person pronoun, now used for the singular as an impolite gesture, but still normally used for the plural PAN *ita₁ itaSeediq(Formosan) we (incl.), emphatic form PAN *ita₁ itaSimalur(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita itaSuau(OC) 1pl., incl., we PAN *k-ita itaSubanen/Subanun(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ itaTetun(CMP) we, us (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita itaThao(Formosan) we (incl.), nominative PAN *ita₁ ʔitaTongan(OC) angry; anger PMP *qitaq itaWetan(CMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita it(a)Woleaian(OC) name, personal name POC *isa₂ ita ~ a-itaKavalan(Formosan) we (incl.), nominative PAN *ita₁ ita ~ ilhataSaaroa(Formosan) we (incl.) PAN *ita₁ ita ~ taToba Batak(WMP) we (plural incl.), with verbs PAN *ita₁ ita-anPazeh(Formosan) we (incl.), locative PAN *ita₁ i-taʔásBikol(WMP) above, over; upstairs PMP *i-atas ita-bahen ~ ta-bahenToba Batak(WMP) we do PAN *ita₁ i-tábasTagalog(WMP) to use something for cutting out a dress, etc., according to a pattern PWMP *tabas₂ i-tabeFijian(OC) a small oval basket without handles POC *tabe i-tabed-tabedAgutaynen(WMP) to wrap a rope around something; to tie something up PWMP *tambej i-tábonIlokano(WMP) to bury, inter PMP *tabun₂ i-táboʔSambal (Botolan)(WMP) to dip out; a dipper PMP *tabuq i-tabtábIlokano(WMP) to remove from the edge, trim PWMP *tabtab₁ i-tágayBikol(WMP) to offer a drink (usually liquor) PPH *i-tágay i-tagayIbaloy(WMP) to pass an alcoholic beverage around in a common cup, perhaps especially at feast occasions PPH *i-tágay i-tágayIlokano(WMP) to make a toast to PPH *i-tágay i-tágoʔTagalog(WMP) to hide; to conceal PMP *taRuq itahDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) expression inviting or inciting someone to leave together with the speaker; come on! let's go! PWMP *itaq itahNarum(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ i-tahánTagalog(WMP) to take someone to reside with oneself in a certain place PMP *tahan i taiSamoan(OC) on the side towards the sea (as opposed to i uta: on the side towards the land) PMP *tasik ita-iaMotu(OC) to look at PAN *kita₂ ita-ita-naMotu(OC) resemblance, appearance PAN *kita₂ itakAgutaynen(WMP) inner/upper thigh, groin area PPh *hitaq itakMongondow(WMP) step on something; tread on PWMP *icak itakCentral Tagbanwa(WMP) thigh PPh *hitaq itakKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) groin PPh *hitaq itákTagalog(WMP) short, wide bolo with long handle PPh *eták i-takédBontok(WMP) to bind, as in repairing the broken rattan rim of a basket; to secure; to fasten; anything used, as a vine or a rattan for such a purpose PPH *i-takéd i-takédKankanaey(WMP) to bind, to fasten, to tie, to attach, to fix, to link; to strap PPH *i-takéd i-takódBikol(WMP) to fasten or bind with PPH *i-takéd i-talagáKapampangan(WMP) to devote oneself to something PPH *talagá i-talátalIlokano(WMP) to cause to spin, cause to revolve PPH *talátal i-taloIbaloy(WMP) to store, keep, put away something PMP *taRuq i-talokAgutaynen(WMP) to hide or put something away; to conceal something; to keep or save something for future use; to store something away PMP *taRuq i-talonCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) wild chicken, Gallus gallus; scrutinize an area of forest (to see if it is suitable for making a swidden) PMP *talun₁ i-talónCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) wild chicken: Gallus gallus PPH *talun₂ itamIban(WMP) black PMP *qitem ita-mKayan(WMP) we, us (incl.; many people – more than ten) PAN *ita₁ ita-mPenan (Long Labid)(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ ita-mSebop(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ ita-mKayan (Uma Juman)(WMP) we (plural incl.) PAN *ita₁ i-tambakIbaloy(WMP) to pile, heap something up PMP *tambak₂ i-tambákTagalog(WMP) to dump; to empty out or throw down so as to make a pile or heap; to dump into a place PMP *tambak₂ i-tambelAgutaynen(WMP) to patch a hole in clothing or fabric, using a patch or scrap of material PWMP *tambel i-tampípiIlokano(WMP) to place provisions, etc. in the tampípi PPH *tampipiq i-tánamAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) to bury PPH *i-tanem i-tanámIsneg(WMP) to carry to the grave PPH *i-tanem i-tana-sayaThao(Formosan) located uphill from the speaker PAN *daya ʔi-tanəmBontok(WMP) to plant a cutting, as of sugarcane PPH *i-tanem i-tanémIlokano(WMP) to bury, entomb PPH *i-tanem i-taniMalagasy(WMP) out of doors PMP *taneq i-tanímTagalog(WMP) to plant, to put in the ground to grow; to implant (morally), to inculcate PPH *i-tanem i-tanómBikol(WMP) to plant, to raise plants PPH *i-tanem i-tanómMasbatenyo(WMP) to plant, sow, place in the ground, transplant PPH *i-tanem i-tantanIbaloy(WMP) to delay something --- esp. of that done purposely or by neglect (as of someone not completing his work on time) PPH *tantán i-tantánIlokano(WMP) to postpone, put off PPH *tantán i-tanuWolio(WMP) fabric, textile PAN *tenun i-tanúmCebuano(WMP) to plant; implant, nurture in the mind PPH *i-tanem i-tanʔáwIlokano(WMP) to bring something to a window PPH *taq(e)náw ita-ŋaPaiwan(Formosan) there is one left PAN *isa-ŋa i-táŋadIlokano(WMP) to turn upward PMP *taŋad ʔi-taŋálBontok(WMP) to bite on; to hold between the teeth, as a pipe, or in the beak, as a bird PMP *taŋaR i-taŋáySambal (Botolan)(WMP) to take, run away with PPH *taŋaR i-taŋebIbaloy(WMP) to put something in place, as a lid or cover PMP *taŋeb i-táŋisTagalog(WMP) to weep over, to mourn PMP *taŋis i-taŋónBikol(WMP) to insert a wedge, a wad of paper, etc. (so as to keep a window from rattling, a cupboard door from opening, etc.) PPH *taŋén i-taŋóʔBikol(WMP) to nod the head in agreement PPH *taŋuq i-taŋóʔTagalog(WMP) to cause the head to nod PPH *taŋuq i-taʔónTagalog(WMP) to do or make at the same time with; to make coincide PMP *taqun i-tápakTagalog(WMP) to set or put one’s foot down on something PWMP *tapak₁ i-tapewIbaloy(WMP) to put something on the top, outside PPH *i-taq(e)paw i-tapuákIlokano(WMP) to hurl down PPH *tapuák i-tarúsIlokano(WMP) to do something after something else PWMP *tarus i-tarus-ánIlokano(WMP) to guess, arrive at, get to the true meaning; come upon; comprehend PPH *tarús i-TasPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) up, above PAN *i aCas i-tau-tauWayan(OC) place for putting things PMP *taRuq itawNarum(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu i-táwadTagalog(WMP) to offer as a price for PWMP *tawaD i-táwagTagalog(WMP) to call or summon a doctor, priest, etc. for someone PWMP *tawaR₂ i-tayáIlokano(WMP) to place a bet PPH *i-tayáɁ i-táyakSambal (Botolan)(WMP) to distribute PPH *taRak i-tayáʔTagalog(WMP) to put up some specific amount as a bet in gambling PPH *i-tayáɁ i-taytayIbaloy(WMP) to use something in making a bridge (as cable, steel) PMP *taytay i-taʔánTagalog(WMP) to reserve something for future use PWMP *taqan₂ i-taʔkipIbaloy(WMP) to insert something into something else (as money in a book) PPH *taq(e)kip i-taʔpawAgutaynen(WMP) to put, place something on top of something else PPH *i-taq(e)paw iteAlune(CMP) we, us (incl.) PAN *ita₁ iteArguni(SHWNG) 1pl. incl., we PAN *ita₁ iteAsilulu(CMP) we (plural incl.), emphatic pronoun PAN *k-ita iteBoano₂(CMP) 1pl., incl., we PAN *ita₁ iteBuli(SHWNG) we (plural incl.) PAN *k-ita itəLuang(CMP) we (incl.) PAN *ita₁ iteManggarai(CMP) we, us (incl.); you (respect form) PAN *ita₁ iteNgadha(CMP) utterly dark PMP *qitem itɛSawai(SHWNG) 1pl., we PAN *ita₁ ite-aMorouas(OC) to see PAN *kita₂ ʔite-aSamoan(OC) be in sight PAN *kita₂ itebKavalan(Formosan) deadfall trap PAN *qaCeb itekKayan(WMP) immature; small fruits still green PMP *itek itékMalay(WMP) duck. Domesticated ducks include the muscovy duck and the mandarin duck. Wild iték include the cotton teal and the mallard PWMP *itik₂ itekManggarai(CMP) small in amount, often used of liquids PMP *itek itelloʔBuginese(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR i-teltelAgutaynen(WMP) to dip food in a sauce, liquid, or salt when eating PPH *teltel i-teluFordata(CMP) three PMP *i-telu i-teluGaloli(CMP) three PAN *telu i-teluTalur(CMP) three PAN *telu i-teluTontemboan(WMP) what is concerned with bringing the total to three PMP *i-telu itemBalinese(WMP) black PMP *qitem itemKelabit(WMP) black PMP *qitem itemJavanese(WMP) black (in watu item 'hard black rock') PMP *qitem iṭemJavanese(WMP) very black PMP *qitem itemKaro Batak(WMP) prepared indigo PMP *qitem itemKayan(WMP) black, deep blue PMP *qitem itemMaranao(WMP) blackness PMP *qitem *itəmPMin(WMP) black PMP *qitem itemManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) black PMP *qitem i-temtémIlokano(WMP) to bake something in ashes PPH *temtem iteŋChamorro(WMP) pick, break off, esp. from flowers, fruit, bananas, etc.; banana bunch PMP *qitiŋ i-teretAgutaynen(WMP) to squash something by pinching between one’s thumbnails, for example small insects, hair lice, a pimple, dandruff, etc. PWMP *tedes itewMelanau (Balingian)(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu itewKenyah (Long Wat)(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu iθaRukai (Budai)(Formosan) one PAN *isa₁ itiAborlan Tagbanwa(WMP) that (3p remote) PAN *i-ti itiBisaya(WMP) this PAN *i-ti itiʔBuginese(WMP) duck PWMP *itik₂ itiBunun(Formosan) here PAN *i-ti itiGilbertese(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ itiKenyah (Long Dunin)(WMP) that (3p) PAN *i-ti itiMa'anyan(WMP) this PAN *i-ti itiMaori(OC) small; unimportant; diminutive or unimportant thing PAN *qitik₁ itiMendak(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ itiMendak(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ itiNias(WMP) wild duck PWMP *itik₂ ʔitiPalawan Batak(WMP) there (3p) PAN *i-ti itiRarotongan(OC) small PAN *qitik₁ i-tíadKankanaey(WMP) to stand on tiptoe PPH *tiqad ití búkotIlokano(WMP) behind, in the rear of, at the back side of PMP *bukut i-tiddáIlokano(WMP) to leave as a leftover PMP *tidaq i-tiddáIlokano(WMP) to leave as a leftover PMP *tida itihKosraean(OC) star; starfish POC *pituqun itihTunjung(WMP) this PAN *i-ti itiʔ-itiNias(WMP) climbing plant, creeper PWMP *itik₃ iti-itiSamoan(OC) little, small; few; fewer than PAN *qitik₁ itíkAklanon(WMP) duck PWMP *itik₂ itikAklanon(WMP) to tickle PWMP *qitik₂ ítikBikol(WMP) domesticated sp. of duck PWMP *itik₂ ítikCebuano(WMP) white duck PWMP *itik₂ itikCebuano(WMP) kind of ornamental vine: Aristolochia elegans PWMP *itik₃ ítikHiligaynon(WMP) duckling PWMP *itik₂ ítikIfugaw(WMP) kind of small duck which lays her eggs anywhere PWMP *itik₂ ítikIlokano(WMP) kind of freshwater duck with speckled plumage, yellow, brown, etc. It is not very common PWMP *itik₂ itikItbayaten(WMP) a sp. of fowl, duck (black, smaller than paato) PWMP *itik₂ iṭikJavanese(WMP) a little bit PAN *qitik₁ iṭikJavanese(WMP) to tickle PWMP *qitik₂ itikMaranao(WMP) duck -- animal PWMP *itik₂ itikMelanau (Mukah)(WMP) duck (bird) PWMP *itik₂ itikNgaju Dayak(WMP) duck PWMP *itik₂ itikOld Javanese(WMP) duck, young bird PWMP *itik₂ ítikPangasinan(WMP) native duck PWMP *itik₂ itikSasak(WMP) drip PWMP *itik₁ ɨtikSundanese(WMP) a little bit, few, a small quantity PWMP *etik ítikTagalog(WMP) sp. of duck which produces eggs made into balót PWMP *itik₂ iti ka-rabii-anIlokano(WMP) the night of PAN *ka-Rabi-an i-tikebIbaloy(WMP) to invert, turn over something so that it is lying on its “abdomen” or usual top side (as can, basket, cooking pot, book face down) PWMP *tiŋkeb itik-itikSimalungun Batak(WMP) to tickle PWMP *qitik qitik ʔi-tiktikBontok(WMP) to repeatedly strike with a pointed instrument, as in making a tattoo PAN *tiktik₅ i-tiktikIbaloy(WMP) to reveal something that is secret PPH *tiktík₃ ítik-unHiligaynon(WMP) to tickle PWMP *qitik₂ itilBanjarese(WMP) clitoris PWMP *itil ítilBikol(WMP) clitoris PWMP *itil itilDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) clitoris PWMP *itil itilJavanese(WMP) clitoris PWMP *itil itílKankanaey(WMP) Latin: Muliebria, verenda feminae PWMP *itil itilMalay(WMP) clitoris PWMP *itil itilSundanese(WMP) clitoris PWMP *itil iti likúdIlokano(WMP) behind PAN *likud ɨtɨlugManobo (Ilianen)(WMP) egg PMP *qateluR itɨmInati(WMP) black PMP *ma-qitem itímTagalog(WMP) black PMP *qitem i-timbáŋTagalog(WMP) to weigh something, e.g. food (sugar, meat, etc.) on behalf of some buyer; to use a counterbalance; to give something as an equivalent PWMP *timbaŋ i-tíndakCebuano(WMP) to kick (as the feet in swimming) PWMP *tinzak i-tindígTagalog(WMP) to stand; to set upright PMP *ti(n)zeg iti ni vundiNggela(OC) the stem of a bunch of bananas PMP *qitiŋ itiŋKayan(WMP) clusters of padi grains in ear; small clusters of fruit on tree PMP *qitiŋ itiŋTontemboan(WMP) bunch, cluster PMP *qitiŋ iti-ŋaMaori(OC) childhood, youth PAN *qitik₁ i-tiŋálIlokano(WMP) to use as a prop PPH *tiŋal i-tiŋaláʔTagalog(WMP) to turn the face upward; to raise the side or end of something partially; to tilt or tip upward (with a lever) PWMP *tiŋadaq i-tiŋínTagalog(WMP) to look for something on behalf of someone else PPH *tiŋén itiŋi-naRoviana(OC) a 'hand' of bananas PMP *qitiŋ itípAklanon(WMP) hard-cooked rice (at the bottom of the pot) PPh *itíp i-tiponIbaloy(WMP) to unite man and woman --- of the action of a community in marrying a young couple or uniting the separated PPH *típun i-típonIlokano(WMP) to add, join, unite with PPH *típun itisSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) this PAN *i-ti itʔítBikol(WMP) nibble a bit of something to decide if it is worth eating (usually applied to animals, but applicable to people as well) PMP *qitqit ititIban(WMP) duck, Anas sp. PWMP *itik₂ i-ti-tiroFijian(OC) water used as a mirror POC *ti-tiro it-itoWest Damar(CMP) we (incl./excl.) PAN *ita₁ ití unégIlokano(WMP) inside, within PMP *qunej i-tíwPalauan(WMP) nine (units of time) PMP *siwa i-tíwPalauan(WMP) nine (when counting in sequence) PMP *siwa ʔiti-ʔitiRennellese(OC) be small, not much, not many PAN *qitik₁ itjenPaiwan(Formosan) we, us, our PAN *iten itjuPaiwan(Formosan) loquat, fruit of Eriobotrya deflexa PAN *Ritu i-tlAvava(OC) three PEMP *tolu i-tlLingarak(OC) three PEMP *tolu i-tlLeviamp(OC) three PEMP *tolu itlɨnSambal (Botolan)(WMP) to swallow PMP *tilen itlógAklanon(WMP) egg; testicle PMP *qiteluR itlogBantuqanon(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR ʔitlúgBontok(WMP) egg; testicle PMP *qiteluR itlógIlokano(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR itlógKankanaey(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR itlógTagalog(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR itlúgCebuano(WMP) egg; testicle PMP *qiteluR ʔitlúgHanunóo(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR itlúgIfugaw(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR i-tme-kMotlav(OC) my father PMP *t-amax it-neMinyaifuin(SHWNG) 1pl. incl., we (incl.) PAN *ita₁ itoBikol(WMP) that (3p) PAN *i-Cu itoBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) 1dl. incl., we two PAN *ita₁ itoGilbertese(OC) very light wood found on beaches and used as cork POC *uton ítoKankanaey(WMP) Lygodium sp. Twining ferns used in the manufacturing of hats, etc. PWMP *ituq₁ ítoMalagasy(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu itoMaranao(WMP) catfish PMP *hitu ítoPangasinan(WMP) small catfish PMP *hituq itoPangasinan(WMP) small catfish PMP *hitu itoʔSimalur(WMP) small PMP *itek itoTagalog(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu ito ~ ituSimalur(WMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ i-toboŋIbatan(WMP) put something into a bamboo tube PWMP *tubuŋ i-toboŋIbaloy(WMP) to put something into a bamboo for storage PWMP *tubuŋ i-tobóŋPangasinan(WMP) to put something inside something else PWMP *tubuŋ (i)tod-anIbaloy(WMP) to teach someone PWMP *tuzuq-an ʔi-tudlúkBontok(WMP) to pierce through an object, as with a needle in sewing PPH *tud(e)lúk itoiGilbertese(OC) star POC *pituqun itoi ni mataGilbertese(OC) pupil of the eye POC *pituqun i-tolMerig(OC) three PEMP *tolu i-tolMerlav(OC) three PEMP *tolu i-tolakItbayaten(WMP) pole and the like to be used for pushing with against something more stable PMP *tulak i-tolákPangasinan(WMP) to push PMP *tulak ʔi-tuludBontok(WMP) to push; to shove PPH *i-tulúd ʔi-tuludBontok(WMP) to push, to shove PPH *tulúd i-toloyIbaloy(WMP) to continue something --- both of something that one persists in and does not discontinue, and also of something that one carries on after an interruption or suspension PMP *tuluy₁ i-toluMuna(WMP) three days; commemoration on the third day after someone’s death PMP *i-telu itómBikol(WMP) black PMP *qitem itomBulungan(WMP) black PMP *qitem itomKadazan Dusun(WMP) black PMP *qitem itomToba Batak(WMP) dark blue, indigo color PMP *qitem ito-nyMalagasy(WMP) this PAN *-ni itoŋAmpibabo-Lauje(WMP) black PMP *qitem itoŋIban(WMP) reckoning, calculation, count; reckon; reckoned; held to be, considered to be PWMP *qituŋ itoŋNgaju Dayak(WMP) what is calculated, charged PWMP *qituŋ itoŋoMarovo(OC) Rabbitfish, possibly Siganus corallinus (Oscellated orange spinefoot) POC *kitoŋ i-toodYami(WMP) rock to sleep (rocking crib) PPH *i-tulúd i-topiIbaloy(WMP) to fold something; to roll something by repeated foldings PPH *tupíq i-toroAyta Maganchi(WMP) to teach PAN *tuzuq₁ i-toroIbaloy(WMP) to point to, point out, show something -- especially of that done with a gesture of the hand, eyes, etc; to indicate, tell someone -- especially to a go-between -- whom one wants to marry PAN *tuzuq₁ i-toróPangasinan(WMP) to point out, indicate with the finger PWMP *i-tuzuq i-toroYami(WMP) to give PPH *tudul i-toroxItbayaten(WMP) to give for someone PPH *tudul itoyuBare'e (Lalau)(WMP) egg PMP *qiteluR i tsasawPaiwan(Formosan) be outdoors PAN *CaSaw ittáItawis(WMP) we (dual) nominative and long nominative pronoun PAN *ita₁ ittiʔBuginese(WMP) drop of water (as a teardrop forming in the corner of the eye) PWMP *itik₁ *ɨttiPSS(WMP) ebb, recede (of water) PMP *qeti₁ ittípIlokano(WMP) crust of rice; the rice that adheres to the bottom of the earthen jar when it is cooked PPh *itíp ittlog-ánIlokano(WMP) uterus (of birds) PMP *qiteluR ittūtMarshallese(OC) breast, nipple, teat PAN *susu₁ ituAborlan Tagbanwa(WMP) that (2p) PAN *i-Cu ituAlune(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituAmbai(SHWNG) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituDusun Deyah(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu ituHelong(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ (i)tuIlongot(WMP) this PWMP *-tu ituSeit(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituKambera(CMP) marine fish with poisonous fins PMP *hituq ítuʔKapampangan(WMP) catfish or carp PMP *hituq ituKenyah (Long San)(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu ituKomodo(CMP) catfish: Macrones gulio and Plotosus canius (inflicts poisonous wounds with the serrated spines of its dorsal and pectoral fins) PMP *hituq ituKomodo(CMP) catfish: Macrones gulio and Plotosus canius (inflicts poisonous wounds with the serrated spines of its dorsal and pectoral fins) PMP *hitu ituLaha(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituLarike(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituMarau₁(SHWNG) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituMuna(WMP) that (2p) PAN *i-Cu ituMussau(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituNgadha(CMP) small, small in amount PMP *ituk ʔituPalawan Batak(WMP) here PAN *i-Cu ituPom(SHWNG) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituRarotongan(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituSamal(WMP) this PAN *i-Cu ituTorau(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituTugun(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituWahai(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituWoi(SHWNG) seven PAN *pitu₁ ituAtta (Pamplona)(WMP) dog PPH *ituq₂ itu-aGilbertese(OC) seven PAN *pitu₁ itu-aBatu Merah(CMP) seven PAN *pitu₁ i-túboŋIlokano(WMP) to put in a tube PWMP *tubuŋ i-túdloʔMasbatenyo(WMP) to teach, point out PPh *tulduq i-tudóIlokano(WMP) to point out, indicate; explain; designate; reveal PAN *tuzuq₁ i-tudóIlokano(WMP) to point out, indicate, show, signify, designate, make known, explain, reveal, disclose, tell PWMP *i-tuzuq i-tuduIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) to explain something, as directions to a visitor, a subject to school children PWMP *i-tuzuq i-tuduh-kenDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) to point at something PWMP *i-tuzuq i-tugáwIlokano(WMP) to seat, cause to sit down PWMP *tujaw i-tugtógTagalog(WMP) to play a musical piece for someone PWMP *tugtug itukDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) little, not much PMP *ituk i-tukdóʔBikol(WMP) to point something out; to designate, indicate, show; specify PPh *tulduq i-tuk-iFijian(OC) a hammer PMP *tuktuk-i i-tulMalfaxal(OC) three PEMP *tolu i-túladTagalog(WMP) to conform; to make like; to liken, to compare PWMP *tulad i-túladIlokano(WMP) to copy after, pattern after; compare with something else PWMP *tulad i-túlakTagalog(WMP) to push, to shove, to repel; to propel; to drive or push on or forward PMP *tulak i-tulaŋ-ánIlokano(WMP) to strip the bone of meat PWMP *tuqelaŋ i-tuldoCentral Tagbanwa(WMP) to point out something or show something PPh *tulduq i-tulódBikol(WMP) to push PPH *i-tulúd i-túloŋIlokano(WMP) to give as help or assistance PMP *tuluŋ i-tulúdIlokano(WMP) to rock, sway (as a hammock or swing) PPH *i-tulúd itúmAklanon(WMP) black, dark (colored) PMP *qitem itúmCebuano(WMP) black PMP *qitem itúmHiligaynon(WMP) black, dark, dark in complexion PMP *qitem i-tumpókTagalog(WMP) to make a small heap (e.g. of grains, beans, etc.) PWMP *tumpuk itunBunun(Formosan) 1pl in accusative and absolute possessive pronoun PAN *iten i-tundáIlokano(WMP) to lead, conduct; escort PPH *tundaq i-tuntónTagalog(WMP) to guide someone or something at the start; to help to begin PWMP *tuntun ituŋKayan(WMP) to consider, be of opinion, think; represent another; to count; arithmetic PWMP *qituŋ ituŋMakassarese(WMP) think about something PWMP *qituŋ ituŋSangir(WMP) black PMP *qitem ituŋSasak(WMP) to count PWMP *qituŋ ʔituŋ-anTiruray(WMP) the mind, the intellect PWMP *qituŋ ituŋ-onKadazan Dusun(WMP) be thought PWMP *qituŋ i-túonIlokano(WMP) to superimpose; place on top PPH *tuqun₁ i-tupíIlokano(WMP) to hem, to seam PPH *tupíq i-túroʔTagalog(WMP) to instruct; to teach (emphasis on subject taught) PWMP *i-tuzuq i-túroʔTagalog(WMP) to instruct; to teach (emphasis on subject taught) PMP *tuzuq₂ i turu-turuFijian(OC) a drop POC *turuq i-turuʔ maiTontemboan(WMP) show me! point it out to me! PWMP *i-tuzuq i-tu-turuSimalur(WMP) index finger PWMP *tu-tuzuq i-túxutIsneg(WMP) to carry along, to take with one PWMP *tuRut ʔituʔTiruray(WMP) dog PPH *ituq₂ ituʔManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) a puppy PPH *ituq₂ itýMalagasy(WMP) this (near at hand) PAN *ti iuEddystone/Mandegusu(OC) to wash, esp. the body POC *iu₁ iuErai(CMP) shark PAN *qiSu íuIfugaw(WMP) said to be a kind of enormous eel, or boa, or a monstrous dragon swimming in the Lake of the Downstream Region PAN *qiSu iuKairiru(OC) spear POC *iu₂ iuKambera(CMP) shark PAN *qiSu iuPokau(OC) tail PAN *ikuR iuLeti(CMP) shark PAN *qiSu iuMotu(OC) tail (of animals) PAN *ikuR iuNgadha(CMP) little bit, trifle, small matter PMP *iut₁ iuNgadha(CMP) shark PAN *qiSu iuNgadha(CMP) rustle, whisper, buzz, whir, purr PMP *qiuŋ₂ iuRotinese(CMP) shark PAN *qiSu iʔuSamoan(OC) be finished, ended; tail (as of a fish); tail of a shark (as a portion) when it is divided according to custom; result, effect PAN *ikuR ʔiuSika(CMP) shark PAN *qiSu iuSimalur(WMP) shark PAN *qiSu iuSio(OC) tail PAN *ikuR iuTanga(OC) spear POC *iu₂ iuTetun(CMP) large shark PAN *qiSu iuToba Batak(WMP) shark PAN *qiSu iuTolai(OC) bathe PEMP *isug iuTolai(OC) bathe POC *iu₁ iubSimalur(WMP) blow on, fan something PMP *heyup ʔiufTiruray(WMP) to blow PMP *heyup iuf-iubSimalur(WMP) hollow cane or tube for blowing on the fire PWMP *heyup heyup i-ugurKaro Batak(WMP) shake a tree PWMP *gurgur₂ iuhKelabit(WMP) elbow PAN *sikux iukManggarai(CMP) sound of sword being drawn, etc.; sound of sick stomach PMP *qiuk iukManggarai(CMP) sound of swishing (as of a coconut frond being waved); sound of turmoil in the stomach PMP *kiuk iukYamdena(CMP) all birds that make the sound "iuk!" PMP *qiuk iukYamdena(CMP) any bird that makes a squawking sound "iuk" PMP *kiuk ʔíulPalauan(WMP) poisonous centipede PMP *qalu-hipan iulWoleaian(OC) body hair, feather (of a bird), scale (of a fish) POC *qunap₂ iulWoleaian(OC) to drink, smoke a cigarette PCEMP *unum iul(a)Woleaian(OC) maggot, larva (of a dipterous insect) PMP *qulej iulef-i (iulafii)Woleaian(OC) remove or pull off its scales or feathers POC *qunap-ia i-ulíʔBikol(WMP) return something, give something back; give change, refund PPh *i-uliq iul-iulWoleaian(OC) be drinking (progressive) POC *unum-unum iuliul (iuliulu)Woleaian(OC) pull, draw, pull something from a group POC *unus iulium-iWoleaian(OC) drink it, smoke it (a cigarette) PCEMP *unum ʔiullPalauan(WMP) pillow PMP *qalunan i umaGilbertese(OC) in an inhabited place, in the village, at home PAN *Rumaq iuŋBalinese(WMP) be in commotion (country), be unrestful; PWMP *iuŋ iuŋKaro Batak(WMP) shake, undulate, of the ground in an earthquake PWMP *iuŋ iuŋManggarai(CMP) sound of a spinning top: hum, drone PMP *qiuŋ₂ iuŋoKaidipang(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ iupKelabit(WMP) blowing PMP *heyup iupPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) to blow with breath PAN *Seyup iupToba Batak(WMP) blowing on PMP *heyup iup, yupSeediq(Formosan) to blow (as on a fire) PAN *Seyup iup-ɨnSubanun (Sindangan)(WMP) to blow, as a fire PWMP *heyup-en iup-iupKaro Batak(WMP) bellows PWMP *heyup heyup iup-iup ni saruneToba Batak(WMP) mouthpiece of a clarinet PWMP *heyup heyup iurKelabit(WMP) tail of an animal PAN *ikuR iuRKavalan(Formosan) kind of hard, slender bamboo PAN *qauR iur-iurKelabit(WMP) always behind in one's work PMP *ikuR ikuR iur (iura)Woleaian(OC) lobster POC *quraŋ iusBalinese(WMP) exhalation PWMP *hius iutMongondow(WMP) coitus; also, frequently used very coarse swearword, especially if women are present PAN *qiut íutCebuano(WMP) have sexual intercourse with (avoided word) PAN *qiut iʔutKenyah (Long Jeeh)(WMP) small, narrow PWMP *qiqut iutKenyah(WMP) little, small in quantity PMP *iut₁ iʔutKenyah (Long Anap)(WMP) small, narrow PWMP *qiqut iutal(a)Woleaian(OC) load, burden, pack, cargo, freight POC *ucan iu tekéNgadha(CMP) whale PAN *qiSu íut taCebuano(WMP) coarse interjection of disbelief PAN *qiut i-uwíʔTagalog(WMP) take something home; turn ( a processs, conversation or the like) into something not expected PPh *i-uliq iva-Bugotu(OC) BIL, SIL POC *ipaR- iva-Cheke Holo(OC) BIL, SIL POC *ipaR- iva-Eddystone/Mandegusu(OC) BW (w.s.), ZH (m.s.), WB, HZ POC *ipaR- ivaFordata(CMP) edible shellfish PMP *qibaw₁ i-vaMalagasy(WMP) low, not high PMP *ba₄ iva-Lakalai(OC) BW (w.s.), ZH (m.s.), WB, HZ POC *ipaR- iva-Nggela(OC) a relative by marriage POC *ipaR- ivaPuyuma (Rikavong)(Formosan) elder sibling, elder sibling's spouse, spouse's elder sibling PAN *ibaS iva-Varisi(OC) BW (w.s.), ZH (m.s.), WB, HZ POC *ipaR- i-va̋Leviamp(OC) four PCEMP *pat-i ivahKayan(WMP) venom of snake, saliva of human PMP *ibeR ivakaMalagasy(WMP) be disjointed, as boards or planks in a flooring; be apart PMP *ibak i-vaka-maluWayan(OC) anything that gives shade or shelter, e.g. a temporary shelter, umbrella POC *paka-maluRu i-vaka-taŋiWayan(OC) instrument for making a sound, musical instrument PMP *taŋis i vaka-yak-aviFijian(OC) supper POC *paka-Rapiqi i-valuFijian(OC) war; warrior POC *i-palu i-valuWayan(OC) war POC *palu₄ ivanBintulu(WMP) parent-in-law PMP *ibah-an ivanItbayaten(WMP) idea of being a companion PMP *ibah-an i-vaodYami(WMP) used to tie PPH *i-balud i-vasLingarak(OC) four PCEMP *pat-i i-vatAvava(OC) four PEMP *pat i vavawPaiwan(Formosan) upon PAN *i babaw i-vavuSaaroa(Formosan) above, up PAN *i babaw i-vawoMota(OC) upon POC *i papo i-veaMota(OC) whither? POC *pea iviAnuta(OC) bone (in certain constructions and words) POC *suRi₁ iviEddystone/Mandegusu(OC) sp. of edible fruit, Inocarpus edulis, the so-called Tahitian chestnut, which is in fact a bean with solitary large seeds which are boiled or roasted POC *ipi₂ iviFijian(OC) the native chestnut tree, Inocarpus fagiferus, Leguminosae. The fruit is eaten either baked or boiled, and without any further treatment, or it may be grated on mushroom coral and made into bread or pudding POC *ipi₂ iviNukuoro(OC) bone; needle POC *suRi₁ iviRarotongan(OC) bone POC *suRi₁ iviSamoan(OC) bone POC *suRi₁ iviTuvaluan(OC) bone POC *suRi₁ ivi-ivi-aNukuoro(OC) skinny, thin (person), emaciated POC *suRi₁ ivi-ivi-aTuvaluan(OC) bony POC *suRi₁ iviliRoviana(OC) a tree: Afzelia bijuga, yields a valuable timber -- very hard and yellow PMP *qipil ivinKurudu(SHWNG) woman PMP *ba-b<in>ahi i-visLingarak(OC) how much/how many? POC *pica ivitKayan(WMP) touch; grasp by the hand, hold PMP *ibit i-vi-twaiNasarian(OC) old POC *tuaRi i voceFijian(OC) a paddle, an oar POC *pose i voce-voceFijian(OC) screw or propeller of a motor-boat POC *pose i voliFijian(OC) price, cost PEMP *poli ivuNggela(OC) loosen earth with a stick; make mounds or rows in a garden; plough; a mound POC *ipun₂ ivuNggela(OC) loosen earth with a stick; make a mound; a mound PMP *qi(m)pun ivu, ta-ivuNggela(OC) uprooted, roots and all, by wind POC *iput₂ ivu-aMarovo(OC) to blow POC *upi-a i vulu-vuluFijian(OC) water to wash the hands in POC *pulu₂ ivu-naTolai(OC) hair of the human body or of animals; fur, feathers, plumage, bristle POC *ipu- ivut, iwutTolai(OC) to pluck, as the feather of a fowl, etc. POC *iput₂ i-vutuFijian(OC) a pestle for pounding POC *putuk i-vutuFijian(OC) bunch, bundle POC *putu, butu ivyMalagasy(WMP) saliva, drivel, slabber PMP *ibeR iwaBimanese(CMP) friend; close relative PMP *ibah-an iwaBimanese(CMP) put in the lap PMP *iwaq iwaBimanese(CMP) put in the lap PMP *iwa íwaIsneg(WMP) cut, carve, dissect (meat, fish) PPh *híwaq iwa-Mbula(OC) BIL, SIL POC *ipaR- iwaNias(WMP) waver, vacillate, sway, totter PWMP *hiwal iwaNias(WMP) tribe, clan; (in southern Nias) brother, sister PMP *ibah-an iwaNumbami(OC) cousin-in-law; spouse’s (usually wife’s) cross-sex classificatory siblings POC *ipaR- iwaPuyuma(Formosan) nine PAN *Siwa iwaʔSasak(WMP) lap PMP *iwaq iwaSasak(WMP) hold something in the lap PMP *iwa iwá-anIlokano(WMP) cut, carve PPh *hiwáq-an iwadIbaloy(WMP) to move sideways (as a swaying bridge) PPH *iwad iwadMaranao(WMP) to move to the side PPH *iwad iwá-enIlokano(WMP) cut open, dissect PPh *hiwáq-en iwæhNgaju Dayak(WMP) saliva (in the mouth; saliva that has been spat out is luja) PMP *ibeR iwæh-iwæhNgaju Dayak(WMP) drool profusely (as a dog after running in the hunt) PWMP *ibeR ibeR i-waiKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) mango PMP *wai īwalIfugaw (Batad)(WMP) make a space between an object planted firmly in a base (as the ground) and that around it which holds it in place (as the soil), by moving the object back and forth, as for the wind to make a space between the foundation post of a house and the soil around it by shaking the house; to wiggle a tooth to loosen it from the gum PWMP *hiwal iwa-nGedaged(OC) ZH (m.s.) POC *ipaR- iwanMa'anyan(WMP) wife's sister, brother's wife (m.s.) PMP *ibah-an iwanNgaju Dayak(WMP) husband's sister, brother's wife PMP *ibah-an iwanMurut (Timugon)(WMP) father-in-law, mother-in-law PMP *ibah-an iwa-n painGedaged(OC) BW (w.s.), HZ POC *ipaR- i-waŋwaŋIbaloy(WMP) to open something (as a door)to its fullest extent PPh *waŋwáŋ i warita'Āre'āre(OC) formerly, in the old days POC *waRisa iwásCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) avoid, evade (as to avoid meeting someone on the trail by turning aside, or to avoid going to a village where there are drunks being rowdy) PPh *iwas íwasIlokano(WMP) ramble, rove, roam, range; to move from side to side; to turn to the left, to the right PPh *iwas íwasPangasinan(WMP) shift one's position, shift something, but not away from the general area in which it is situated PPh *iwas íwasTagalog(WMP) avoidance, evasion PPh *iwas iwás, íwasCebuano(WMP) slip away from, get out of the way (as someone slipping away from his drunken companions) PPh *iwas iwas-enIlokano(WMP) to move aside, toward the side (a log, a stone, etc.) PPh *iwas i welitaUlawa(OC) two days hence POC *waRisa iwəsTonsawang(WMP) cockroach PMP *ipes iwiHawaiian(OC) bone; shell; midrib POC *suRi₁ iwiJavanese(WMP) grimace PWMP *hiwiʔ iwiKapingamarangi(OC) bone; upper ridge pole; crease, sharp edge POC *suRi₁ iwiMaori(OC) bone; strength POC *suRi₁ iwiWetan(CMP) shark PAN *qiSu iwi-iwiJavanese(WMP) ridicule out of disdain; malicious pleasure, shown by twisting the mouth at an angle (Pigeaud 1938) PWMP *hiwiʔ iwíkAklanon(WMP) to squeal, howl (said of a pig) PPh *íwik íwikCebuano(WMP) for pigs to squeal PPh *íwik íwikHanunóo(WMP) squealing, as of pigs PPh *íwik íwikIfugaw(WMP) exclamation to express one's disgust, disapproval, criticism PPh *íwik i-wilaŋSangir(WMP) mentioned; esteemed PWMP *i-bilaŋ iwítCebuano(WMP) last in a race, class, or anything where things are compared PPh *íwit iwítIfugaw(WMP) tail PPh *íwit iwit-anIfugaw(WMP) loose end of a G-string that hangs down at the back PPh *íwit iwolTboli(WMP) saliva; to want something very much, i.e. to drool over, to desire PMP *ibeR iwtiWetan(CMP) touch; hold fast, clench, pinch (esp. between thumb and finger) PMP *ibit iwuBare'e(WMP) cover; cover over an opening in the ground; keep secret PMP *hibun ixa-oSimalur(WMP) how many? (things) PAN *pijax ixátIsneg(WMP) tighten PPh *hiRét íxātIsneg(WMP) eel PPh *ígat i-xawodItbayaten(WMP) go far from the shore (on water), be carried away by waves PMP *i-lahud ixeRaga(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ixənSimalur(WMP) tooth PMP *ipen ixóŋIsneg(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ íxop, íxupIsneg(WMP) sip, drink PMP *hiRup ixuNias(WMP) nose; snout, trunk, proboscis PMP *ijuŋ ixuŋLampung(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ ixúp-anIsneg(WMP) drink PWMP *hiRup-an iyaChuukese(OC) place where, where? POC *pia iyaNumbami(OC) fish PEMP *ikan ʔɨyaʔPalawan Batak(WMP) ashamed PMP *heyaq i yacaFijian(OC) grater, grindstone PEMP *asaq ɨyakKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) ashamed PMP *heyaq ʔiy-anákBontok(WMP) nephew, niece PPH *i-anak iya-nusaNumbami(OC) squid (iya = ‘fish’) POC *nusa₂ iyasBinukid(WMP) maggots; to be infested with maggots PWMP *ias₂ iyeSudest(OC) he PAN *ia₁ iye-ldəpCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) to dip something under water PAN *ledep i-yenakCasiguran Dumagat(WMP) be born PPH *i-anak ɨyɨpSambal (Botolan)(WMP) to blow PMP *heyup ɨyɨpKalamian Tagbanwa(WMP) to blow PMP *heyup i-yogyógPangasinan(WMP) to shake PPH *yugyúg iyokLolak(WMP) armpit PWMP *ilek iyopAyta Abellan(WMP) to sip PAN *siRup iyótAklanon(WMP) “fuck” (very strong term of anger or disgust) PPH *iut₂ iyotIbaloy(WMP) human copulation, sexual intercourse (not an appropriate word in most conversations) PPH *iut₂ iyot-enIbaloy(WMP) to have sexual intercourse with someone PPH *iut₂ íyutCebuano(WMP) have sexual intercourse with (avoided word) PPH *iut₂ izGedaged(OC) an adze; the stone was bound in a foŋ (two pieces of wood hollowed out on the inside to take a stone axe) so it could be turned as desired PMP *kiRam iz-ahoMalagasy(WMP) I, myself (used chiefly before the predicate) PAN *i-aku izan-anKadazan Dusun(WMP) domicile, living place, place of residence PWMP *ian-an izanyMalagasy(WMP) that; this; these PAN *ia-ni izasManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) spouse's sibling-in-law PAN *idas₁ i-zayaPaiwan(Formosan) to be higher up (as on a mountain) PAN *daya iziGedaged(OC) kind of lory with red wings and green body: Lorius ruber POC *siri ízinaMalagasy(WMP) dark PWMP *qiem₂ ízinaMalagasy(WMP) dark PWMP *qiReŋ izuBali (Uneapa)(OC) nose POC *icuŋ izuGitua(OC) nose; point of land POC *icuŋ i zuaPaiwan(Formosan) there, over there PAN *dua i-zuaPaiwan(Formosan) there is, there exists PAN *dua izuŋManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) nose PMP *ijuŋ izutKadazan Dusun(WMP) act of having sexual intercourse, copulation PAN *qiut izyMalagasy(WMP) 3sg. and pl. PAN *ia₁ iʔaDhao/Ndao(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iʔaMarau₂(OC) fish PEMP *ikan iʔanGaloli(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iʔanTalur(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iʔanuLarike(CMP) fish PMP *hikan iɁa seluAsilulu(CMP) kind of fish: longtom: Tylosurus macleayanus Ogilby PMP *selu iʔeHawaiian(OC) tapa beater POC *ike iʔeSamoan(OC) beater (used for beating bark cloth) POC *ike ʔi-ʔilaSamoan(OC) (of reflected light on water, glass, or polished surface, etc.) shine, glisten, sparkle, twinkle; bright, shiny PMP *kilat₁ iʔ-imaPazeh(Formosan) who? (plural) PAN *ima iɁof-iSamoan(OC) tongs POC *sikop iʔu-nTalur(CMP) tail PAN *ikuR |
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ ŋ o p q r s t u v w x y z ʔ
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content)
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-w_i.htm