![]() | Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Words
(click on a *proto-form for its set)
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ ŋ o p q r s t u v w x y z ʔ
ra rb re rf rh ri rk rm rn ro rp rr rs rt ru rv rw ry raAnakalangu(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raAnsus(SHWNG) to walk PMP *lakaj ra-Atchin(OC) blood POC *draRaq raʔBintulu(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq raDusner(SHWNG) to walk PMP *lakaw raGilbertese(OC) suffix of interrogation: what?, which? PMP *sapa raHula(OC) sail PAN *layaR raKomodo(CMP) blood; menstruation; bloody nose PAN *daRaq raPokau(OC) sail PAN *layaR raLamboya(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raʔBisaya (Limbang)(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq raLi'o(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raMalagasy(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rāMaori(OC) sail PAN *layaR rāNumfor(SHWNG) go PMP *lakaj raNumfor(SHWNG) walk PMP *lakaw raPapuma(SHWNG) walk PMP *lakaw raPom(SHWNG) walk PMP *lakaw ra-Rano(OC) blood POC *draRaq rāRarotongan(OC) the name of the ancient mat-sail that was used on ocean-going canoes PAN *layaR rāRotuman(OC) bough, branch POC *raqan raHawu(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raSelaru(CMP) land, as against sea; land side PAN *daya raSori(OC) to go POC *lako raMurut (Timugon)(WMP) oblique case marker for common nouns PMP *daₐ raWampar(OC) to cut, hack PAN *taRaq₁ raWandamen(SHWNG) to walk PMP *lakaw raWaropen(SHWNG) go on foot, go into the bush, walk PMP *lakaj rāWayan(OC) forehead POC *raqe raWoi(SHWNG) to walk PMP *lakaj ra- < *ntaManipa(CMP) our PAN *n-ita raaAnuta(OC) sail PAN *layaR raʔaBimanese(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raaLabuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq raʔaLamaholot(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raaNgadha(CMP) blood; menstrual blood, menstruation; blood relationship; to bleed; blood-red colors; bloody, as dysentery PAN *daRaq raaUlithian(OC) branch POC *raqan raaWaima'a(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raaWolio(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq raa-kauAnuta(OC) tree, plant, wood, stick, club, plank, timber, log POC *raqan kayu raa-kau ~ ra-kauAnuta(OC) tree, plant, wood, stick, club, plank, timber, log POC *kayu raʔamiTontemboan(WMP) rice straw, a rice-straw flute PMP *zaRami raanMurut (Tagol)(WMP) branch PMP *daqan₁ raanDumpas(WMP) branch PMP *daqan₁ raʔanKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) branch PMP *daqan₁ raanLun Dayeh(WMP) lightness PMP *Raqan raanPuluwat(OC) , liquid of any kind, pond POC *ranum raanTombonuwo(WMP) branch PMP *daqan₁ *raaniPMic(OC) day POC *raqani raa-paʔi-paʔícaKanakanabu(Formosan) acid fluid which comes up from the stomach PAN *paqiC raa-rausPazeh(Formosan) a type of small, round scoop-net with a handle PAN *Ra-RauS raʔatDusun Witu(WMP) bad PMP *zaqat raatTetun(CMP) seashore, beach at the edge of the sea PMP *daRat raaviGapapaiwa(OC) evening POC *Rapi raaʔDumpas(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rabakMalay(WMP) large tear; rip; in tatters PWMP *Rabak rabaŋ puheSika(CMP) highest part of a casting net PMP *pusej rabbáIsneg(WMP) collapsed, tumbled down, fallen in PWMP *rebaq rabbásIsneg(WMP) break down, collapse, fall in PWMP *rebas rabəkNumfor(SHWNG) pull up by the roots PMP *Rabut rabekSasak(WMP) hit, strike PMP *ra(m)bek RabiKavalan(Formosan) evening (about 4:00 or 5:00 to 6:00 PM); night PAN *Rabiqi rabiaHula(OC) sago POC *Rabia rabiaGabadi(OC) sago palm and flour POC *Rabia rabiíIlokano(WMP) night, evening PMP *Rabiqi RabiqiKalinga (Guinaang)(WMP) night PMP *Rabiqi Rabi-RabiKavalan(Formosan) every night PAN *Rabi-Rabi RabisKavalan(Formosan) a pocket knife PAN *RabiS rabítIsneg(WMP) caught, hooked with a fishhook PWMP *ra(m)bit rabnótIlokano(WMP) to snatch, remove forcibly and suddenly PWMP *Ranebut rabnótIlokano(WMP) to snatch; remove forcibly and suddenly PPH *rab(e)nút rabnot-onBikol(WMP) to grab someone by the hair or beard; to grab onto something and pull PPH *rab(e)nut-en rabnut-enIlokano(WMP) to snatch; remove forcibly and suddenly PPH *rab(e)nut-en rabokMalay(WMP) tinder; touchwood (usually soft dusty material found in bamboo, and inflammable) PMP *baruk rabokMalay(WMP) tinder; touchwood (usually soft dusty material found in bamboo and inflammable); ash that does not crumble easily; litter or rubbish PMP *Rabuk rabóŋIsneg(WMP) the young, edible shoot of the kawayan (spiny bamboo) PPH *rabuŋ rabotMaranao(WMP) anger, rage PWMP *rabut rabuArosi(OC) strike, knock, hit, knock in a nail PMP *lambuk rabuArosi(OC) strike, knock, hit, knock in a nail PMP *ra(m)buk rabuLau(OC) beat, hit, flog PMP *ra(m)buk rabuLau(OC) beat, hit, flog POC *rabuk rabuʔMakassarese(WMP) broken to bits; in rags, tatters PMP *Rabuk r-abu-abuKaro Batak(WMP) play in the dust PMP *qabu rabukGayō(WMP) tinder PMP *Rabuk rabukMadurese(WMP) powder PMP *Rabuk rabukToba Batak(WMP) powder PMP *Rabuk rabukTae'(WMP) phosphorescent fungus on a decaying log PMP *Rabuk rabuk-iMakassarese(WMP) torn to tatters PMP *Rabuk rabunIban(WMP) weak-sighted, almost blind; hence hazy, fogged, obscure PMP *Rabun rabunLun Dayeh(WMP) mist; haze PMP *Rabun rabunMalay(WMP) pile branches and leaves on a muddy spot to allow people to cross it dry-shod PWMP *Rab(e)qun rabunMalay(WMP) fumigation, whether with incense to perfume a house or with heavy smoke to blind evil spirits; dimness of vision PMP *Rabun raburDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) mixing up (foods); to mix PWMP *labuR rabutIban(WMP) pulled out or off, as the head of a spear in the flesh of an animal (Scott 1956) PMP *Rabut rabutLun Dayeh(WMP) pulling, uprooting PMP *Rabut rabutMalay(WMP) tearing at, grabbing, and pulling (as someone's hair) PWMP *rabut rabutMalay(WMP) tearing at; grabbing and pulling (as at a beard) PMP *Rabut rabutManggarai(CMP) pull up grass, weed a garden PMP *Rabut rabutSundanese(WMP) uproot, pull out by the roots PMP *Rabut rabutToba Batak(WMP) rough, hairy, of the skin PWMP *rambut rabutuRoviana(OC) pull out by the roots POC *Raput race-Watut(OC) younger parallel sibling POC *taci rachiItbayaten(WMP) rust PMP *daki rádamIsneg(WMP) myopia or nearsightedness; hypermetropia or farsightedness; presbyopia PWMP *radam raʔdapTontemboan(WMP) a tree, Erythrina indica PMP *dapdap₁ raʔdaʔTae'(WMP) low-growing Indian coral tree, perhaps Erythrina microcarpa PMP *dapdap₁ radeArosi(OC) coral POC *laje radupMalay (Kedah)(WMP) plain hemstitch PWMP *rajup radutManggarai(CMP) pluck, pull out PMP *Radut raeAnuta(OC) forehead POC *raqe raʔeArosi(OC) sore on the hands or lips POC *lake raeMaori(OC) forehead, temple; promontory, headland POC *raqe raeMussau(OC) blood POC *draRaq raeNggela(OC) forehead POC *raqe raeRarotongan(OC) forehead POC *raqe rae hitari-a'Āre'āre(OC) understand PMP *qatay rae-ku'Āre'āre(OC) I want, like PMP *qatay ráʔəlPalauan(WMP) branch, bough; branch of government PMP *daqan₁ raenYapese(OC) water, juice POC *ranum rae-na'Āre'āre(OC) stomach, heart, liver, lungs, womb, mind, seat of affections, intention, will PMP *qatay rae-na e taʔa'Āre'āre(OC) be angry ( = 'his liver is wrong/bad/evil') PMP *qatay rae nisu-na, rae ʔohuʔohu-na'Āre'āre(OC) lung PMP *qatay rae-nusu-Marau₂(OC) liver PMP *qatay rae-rae-naMussau(OC) red POC *draRaq raetItbayaten(WMP) defect, deficiency, flaw PWMP *zaqet rafiCheke Holo(OC) get dark, become evening POC *Rapi ráfitraMalagasy(WMP) carpenter’s work; masonry PMP *rapet rafuSanta Ana(OC) ashes POC *rapuR rafuʔTiruray(WMP) branches laid across a trail to block its use; to place rafuɁ PPH *Rapuq₂ ragaArosi(OC) strong, strengthened, invigorated PMP *la(ŋ)kas ragaArosi(OC) open with unfolding motion PMP *rakaq ragaAtayal(Formosan) the Formosan maple, fam. Aceraceae PAN *daRa₁ ragaMaranao(WMP) lady, maid, girl who is unmarried; female slave PMP *daRa₂ raǥaManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) a single woman; virgin PMP *daRa₂ ragamiMaranao(WMP) rice stalk, straw PMP *zaRami ragaŋBisaya (Limbang)(WMP) red PWMP *deRaŋ ragatMaranao(WMP) sea, ocean PMP *daRat ragemLun Dayeh(WMP) clenching of the palm PWMP *Ragem ragemSasak(WMP) held tightly in the fist PWMP *Ragem raggáŋItawis(WMP) red PWMP *deRaŋ raghaMuna(WMP) branch, bough PMP *daqan₁ raghiBali (Uneapa)(OC) dry season PCEMP *raki ragi-Watut(OC) feces PMP *taqi ragitMaranao(WMP) to capture, as bird of prey captures PPH *daRit ragomMaranao(WMP) needle PAN *zaRum ragonMaranao(WMP) year, harvest time PPH *dag(e)qún ragrágBikol(WMP) referring to fallen crumbs, particles of food, grains of rice, dirt, hair PPH *regrég raɣumManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) sewing needle PAN *zaRum ra-gumu-gumulPuyuma(Formosan) hairy, fluffy, furry PAN *gumuN ra-gumulPuyuma(Formosan) fur PAN *gumuN ragu-s-iaArosi(OC) tied PMP *Rakut rahArosi(OC) species of fish POC *lapa₁ rahJavanese(WMP) blood (Krama) PAN *daRaq rahSa'ban(WMP) big PAN *Raya rāh, rahOld Javanese(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rahaArosi(OC) a skin disease POC *lapa₂ rahaArosi(OC) big, great, large POC *lapa rahaArosi(OC) big, great, large POC *lapat₁ rahaBonerate(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rahaMaori(OC) open, extended POC *lapa rahaMaori(OC) open, extended POC *lapat₁ rahaPopalia(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq raha-nBuruese(CMP) blood; bloody PAN *daRaq rahao'Āre'āre(OC) big white worm living in dead trees POC *qapator raha-rahaMaori(OC) spread out POC *lapat₁ rahaʔKujau(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rahaʔBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rahaʔBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rahdahItbayaten(WMP) chest, breast PWMP *dahdah raheBuruese(CMP) ground PAN *daReq rah(e) isinBuruese(CMP) soil PAN *daReq rahemYami(WMP) deep PMP *dalem rah-enOld Javanese(WMP) blood-stained, covered with blood PAN *daRaq rahetYami(WMP) bad PWMP *zaqet rahiDonggo(CMP) husband PMP *laki₁ rahiOld Javanese(WMP) forehead; face PMP *daqih rahiVitu(OC) windy dry season (southeastern winds, sea is rough) PCEMP *raki rahnPohnpeian(OC) day POC *raqani rahoMaori(OC) testicle; labia majora POC *lasoR rahonBantuqanon(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun rahonItbayaten(WMP) wide leaf, big leaf, broad leaf PMP *dahun rah-rahaBuruese(CMP) bloody PMP *daRa-daRaq rahu'Āre'āre(OC) uprooted; pull out PMP *abut₁ rahu'Āre'āre(OC) uprooted; pull out POC *Raput rahuArosi(OC) old, worn out, as an old bag POC *Rapuk rahuArosi(OC) old, worn out, as an old bag PMP *lapuk rahuKahua(OC) ashes POC *rapuR rahuOld Javanese(WMP) kind of breadfruit tree PMP *daqu₁ rahu-ʔa'Āre'āre(OC) to be old, worn-out and dirty, of things POC *rapuR rahuʔ-a'Āre'āre(OC) to be old, worn out and dirty, of things POC *Rapuk rahu-aaArosi(OC) white with dust and dirty; pale with skin disease POC *rapuR rahudPazeh (Kahabu)(Formosan) downstream; toward the sea PAN *lahud rahukTiruray(WMP) enter an area covered by dense grasses where there is no path; to possess, to dominate someone, as a malignant spirit PWMP *ra(ŋ)suk ra-hulaManipa(CMP) to spit PMP *buRah rahunManobo (Ilianen)(WMP) year PPH *dag(e)qún rahu-(na)Arosi(OC) ashes POC *rapuR rahup, raupMalay(WMP) putting the hands together cup-wise; turning in the paws (as a cat, to prevent its prey escaping) PMP *Raqup rahu-rahuMotu(OC) ashes; fireplace POC *rapuR rahu-rahu-ʔaArosi(OC) grey POC *rapuR rahutPazeh(Formosan) west; downstream, lower part of a river PAN *lahud rahutToba Batak(WMP) bound together tightly PMP *Rakut rahuyPenchal(OC) conch shell trumpet POC *tapuRi raiDhao/Ndao(CMP) earth PAN *daReq raiDusun Deyah(WMP) forehead PMP *daqih raiGaloli(CMP) dirty PMP *daki raiJavanese(WMP) face; front, façade, surface PMP *daqih raiKomodo(CMP) forehead PCEMP *daqi raiLeti(CMP) north PCEMP *raki raʔiMa'anyan(WMP) forehead PMP *daqih raiMambai(CMP) dirty PMP *daki raiNokuku(OC) leaf PEMP *raun raiPaku(WMP) forehead PMP *daqih raiHawu(CMP) run, run away, flee PAN *laRiw raiSelaru(CMP) dirty PMP *daki raiTetun(CMP) earth, soil, ground PAN *daReq raiTetun(CMP) earth, soil, ground PAN *daReq raiWetan(CMP) hundred; several; many PMP *Ratus raiWetan(CMP) chieftain, king; to rule PMP *datu raia'Āre'āre(OC) the puttynut tree; the nut is used for caulking purposes and inlay work POC *qatita raʔiaKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) ginger PMP *laqia rai-aMotu(OC) prepare a canoe for the sea; tie the outrigger on; tie two canoes to make an irai (double-hulled canoe) POC *rakit rai ahuTetun(CMP) fog PMP *hapun₁ raʔica niaperuanTontemboan(WMP) silly, stupid; someone who cannot grasp anything (lit. 'without gall') PAN *qapejux ræʔiʃSaisiyat(Formosan) forehead PAN *daqiS rai idaWetan(CMP) one hundred PMP *Ratus rai-nAdzera(OC) brother POC *taci rai-rafiCheke Holo(OC) get dark, become evening PAN *Rabi-Rabi rai-raiManam(OC) afternoon (from noon til sunset) PAN *Rabi-Rabi rai sikunTetun(CMP) a cape or promontory (rai = ‘land’) PAN *sikux raʔitKelabit(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit rai utu-nTetun(CMP) earthworm (‘earth louse’) PMP *kutu₁ rajMarshallese(OC) whale POC *rato raja ateMadurese(WMP) (lit. 'big liver') presumption PMP *X₁ + qatay raja ma-buyaBare'e(WMP) sympathetically inclined PMP *budaq₃ raja mer-empatKaro Batak(WMP) the four chief princes of the Karo PWMP *maR-epat raja per-empatKaro Batak(WMP) the four chief princes of the Karo PWMP *paR-epat rakGitua(OC) easterly wind, blows daily and forcefully from July into November PCEMP *raki rakJavanese(WMP) dry, of the throat; creaky, hoarse, of the voice PWMP *dahak rākKei(CMP) raft, wooden raft PMP *Rakit rakLikum(OC) whale POC *rato rakMalay(WMP) (onom.) cracking sound PWMP *erak rakaAnuta(OC) to step over something POC *lakas rakaAnuta(OC) to step over something PMP *laŋkaq₁ rakaGabadi(OC) milk PMP *Ratas₂ rakaʔMakassarese(WMP) unit of measure: as much as a man can encircle with both arms (as a tree) PAN *dakep rakaMotu(OC) step, walk, go PAN *rakat rakaiGilbertese(OC) block of coral rocks; rock; reef PMP *sakaRu rakanPendau(WMP) to boil (food) PMP *zakan raka pe-turoTae'(WMP) index finger PAN *tuzuq₁ raka-rakaAnuta(OC) to walk taking large brisk steps; to walk quickly POC *lakar-lakar raka-rakaAnuta(OC) to walk taking large brisk steps; to walk quickly PMP *laŋkaq₁ rakatAmis(Formosan) movement; walk PAN *rakat rā-kauMaori(OC) tree; wood, timber; stick, spar, mast; weapon; wooden POC *raqan kayu rā-kauMaori(OC) tree; wood, timber; stick, spar, mast; weapon; wooden POC *kayu ra-kauRarotongan(OC) general name for trees or shrubs or plants; general name for wood of any kind; a pole, a rod, a stick; a weapon POC *kayu ra-kauMakatea(OC) tree POC *kayu ra-kau kavaRarotongan(OC) a poisonous tree, a bitter herb; also used to denote a gun POC *kayu raka wa wura naBimanese(CMP) its month has arrived = she is almost ready to give birth PMP *bulan₃ rakédIlokano(WMP) hitching post PPH *Rakéd r-akenMaranao(WMP) 1sg oblique PAN *aken₁ rakepDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) wrestle with someone PWMP *Rakep rakepItbayaten(WMP) wrestling PAN *dakep rakesAmis(Formosan) camphor tree PAN *dakeS raketAcehnese(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit raketJavanese(WMP) close, intimate; to attach firmly PMP *raket raketManggarai(CMP) stick, adhere PMP *raket raketOld Javanese(WMP) adhering, sticking, clinging, being attached (to) PMP *raket raketSundanese(WMP) adhere, stick to; attach oneself to, be attached to PMP *raket rakiAnuta(OC) northwest; wind coming from northwest; season during which winds from this direction predominate (i.e. monsoon season) PCEMP *raki rakiʔBuginese(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit rakiLi'o(CMP) dirty (of the body) PMP *daki rakiʔMakassarese(WMP) raft of wood or bamboo PMP *Rakit *rakiPBUN(WMP) fine dirt PMP *daki rakiWolio(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit rakiʔTae'(WMP) kind of raft made of four or five planks and used to transport soil to the rice paddies PMP *Rakit rakik-aŋMakassarese(WMP) a raftful (in counting the quantity of bamboos or houseposts) PWMP *Rakit-an rakitBobot(CMP) weep, cry PMP *taŋis rakitGayō(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit rakitIban(WMP) bring together (as in bringing one boat alongside another, of bringing a married couple back together after they have separated) PMP *Rakit rákitIlokano(WMP) bamboo raft; bamboo or wood that covers the rafters; scaffolding, the part of a scaffold workmen stand on PMP *Rakit rakitKaro Batak(WMP) a raft, used to cross a river PMP *Rakit rakitMalay(WMP) laying long objects side by side; anything so arranged, especially of a raft of long bamboos laid side by side, but it is applied also to crossbeams or floor planking in a house, to a man’s ribs sticking out in parallel lines, to things in layers such as a mat in two thicknesses, or two sireh leaves sandwiched one on the other, and even to a yoke of oxen; rafts (generally; special types have special names); loosely, it may mean ‘arrangement, planning’ PMP *Rakit rakitSasak(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit rakitSundanese(WMP) what is tied in tandem (a pair of water buffalo, a raft of wood or bamboo, etc.); pair, yoke, raft PMP *Rakit rakitTontemboan(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit rakit-anSasak(WMP) raft PWMP *Rakit-an rakoMotu(OC) twig PMP *daŋkeq rakoMuna(WMP) to catch, capture PAN *dakep rakoWolio(WMP) catch, arrest, take prisoner PAN *dakep rákoYami(WMP) very big, large PPH *dakél rako-aWolio(WMP) prisoner of war PAN *dakep rakof-iMuna(WMP) catch many times (as fish) PAN *dakep rakopIda'an Begak(WMP) catch PAN *dakep *rakoQPBUN(WMP) to catch (as fish) PAN *dakep rakov-aFijian(OC) to embrace POC *rakop rakoxItbayaten(WMP) large, big, huge, vast PPH *dakél rakp-enItbayaten(WMP) to wrestle with PAN *dakep-en rakrákBikol(WMP) to break, smash or rip s.t. in anger PPH *rakrák rákrakHanunóo(WMP) eating, as a dog laps up water, without stopping PPH *rakrak rakrákIlokano(WMP) demolished, destroyed, ruined PPH *rakrák rakrak-enIlokano(WMP) to demolish, destroy, break; undo; annihilate PPH *rakrak-en rak-rakoYami(WMP) older (as an elder brother) PPH *dakél rakrak-onBikol(WMP) to break, smash or rip s.t. in anger PPH *rakrak-en rak-rok, rok-rakMalay(WMP) repeated cracking; the crash of an animal through dry brushwood; the crackle of wood in a fire PWMP *erak raktPalauan(WMP) sickness, disease PMP *sakit rakuArosi(OC) tie, fasten PMP *Rakut rakupMongondow(WMP) as much as one can hold with the two hands together PMP *ra(ŋ)kup rakupJavanese(WMP) with the hands together PMP *ra(ŋ)kup rakusAtayal (Mayrinax)(Formosan) camphor laurel: Cinnamomum camphora PAN *dakeS rakutKaro Batak(WMP) bind firmly together PMP *Rakut rakutMalay(WMP) spin a web, of spiders PMP *Rakut rakutManggarai(CMP) sew something torn PMP *Rakut rakutTetun(CMP) pull, grab, snatch away PAN *dakuC rakwunDobel(CMP) leaf PCEMP *daun ralaKeapara(OC) blood POC *draRaq ralaSelaru(CMP) inside; inner feelings; heart PMP *dalem ralaUma(WMP) inside, inside part PMP *dalem ralaYami(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq ralaYami(WMP) next to the mountain, on the inside, in the north PAN *daya ralam-Wetan(CMP) (with various qualifying words) to like, love, be in love, long for, pity; worry, be worried, depressed; angry, embittered; sick PMP *dalem ralanErai(CMP) in, within, inside; heart; contents, usually postposed PMP *dalem raLanKujau(WMP) path PMP *zalan raLanMinokok(WMP) path PMP *zalan ralanMurut (Paluan)(WMP) path, road PMP *zalan ralanRungus Dusun(WMP) path, road PMP *zalan raLanSaisiyat(Formosan) road PAN *zalan raLaɁSaisiyat (Taai)(Formosan) Formosan maple: Liquidambar formosana PAN *daRa₁ raleUlithian(OC) day POC *raqani raliʔUma(WMP) root PMP *dalij r-alipPenchal(OC) kind of large canarium nut POC *(q)alipa ralisPenchal(OC) a shore tree: Terminalia catappa L. POC *talise₁ raLiʔSaisiyat (Taai)(Formosan) earth, soil PAN *daRiq ralmPalauan(WMP) fresh water PMP *danum ralmaWetan(CMP) inside (a house, etc.) interior; heart, feelings PMP *dalem ralma-East Damar(CMP) liver PMP *dalem ralomSaisiyat(Formosan) water PAN *daNum raḷummaTalaud(WMP) deep PMP *dalem ra-maAnsus(SHWNG) come PAN *um-ai ramaGilbertese(OC) side on which outrigger is placed; port side, opposite katea POC *saman rămăJavanese(WMP) father; older and/or higher-ranking male PAN *da-amax ramaMaori(OC) torch or other artificial light; catch eels, etc. by torchlight POC *ramaR rā-maNumfor(SHWNG) come hither PAN *um-ai rā maNumfor(SHWNG) come PMP *lakaj r-āmaOld Javanese(WMP) father, also used for uncle, guru, etc.; eldest, senior (in religious community, village, army) PAN *da-amax *ramaPMic(OC) light, luminous POC *ramaR ramaRarotongan(OC) a torch of any kind; to catch fish by torchlight POC *ramaR rama-Wampar(OC) father PMP *t-amax rama-Watut(OC) father PAN *amax ra-maWoi(SHWNG) come PAN *um-aRi ra-maMunggui(SHWNG) to come POC *mai ramagMaranao(WMP) shine, lustre PAN *damaR₁ ra-maiUruava(OC) to come POC *maRi ra-maiMarau₂(OC) come POC *maRi rama-nWampar(OC) father PAN *amax rama-nAdzera(OC) father PMP *t-amax rama-ramaArosi(OC) deep water beyond the edge of the reef POC *laman rama-ramaMaori(OC) gleam POC *ramaR ramasIlokano(WMP) knead (in washing clothes, cleaning rice before cooking, crumbling clods, massaging some part of the body, etc.) PAN *Rames rámasIlokano(WMP) hand-to-hand combat PPH *ramas rámasIlokano(WMP) mixing ingredients well PPH *rámas ramasMalay(WMP) taking in the hand and pressing; kneading; massaging (of kneading dough, pressing juice out of fruit, modelling clay, massaging very tired feet) PAN *Rames ramatLou(OC) person, human being PMP *tau-mata rämäxSiraya (Gravius)(Formosan) light PAN *damaR₁ rambayoŋMaranao(WMP) a creeper: Ipomoea pes-caprae PWMP *rambayuŋ rambaŋIlokano(WMP) kind of very thin casting net PWMP *Rambaŋ rambaŋMalay(WMP) broad, widespread, expansive, of a wide-flung net (jala rambaŋ) intended to catch any fish and not particular fish PWMP *Rambaŋ rambatMalay (Brunei)(WMP) casting net PWMP *Rambat rambitMaranao(WMP) carry with the hand; handgrip, as of a bag PWMP *ra(m)bit ramboNggela(OC) break, smash PMP *ra(m)bek rambuKaro Batak(WMP) fringe of a cloth; fig. one’s life force PWMP *rambu rambuTae'(WMP) fibers; fringe at the edge of a woven fabric; excess fibers that are not included in the weaving PWMP *rambu rambuBare'e(WMP) fiber, fluff, oakum PWMP *rambut rambutJavanese(WMP) head hair PWMP *rambut rambutOld Javanese(WMP) head hair PWMP *rambut rambutKaro Batak(WMP) the threads of a net; a noose hanging from a pole PWMP *rambut rambutMalay(WMP) head hair PWMP *rambut rambut kəloŋ dahiMalay(WMP) hair curling round the forehead PWMP *keluŋ₁ ramenDusner(SHWNG) sea PCEMP *laman ramenNumfor(SHWNG) very deep PCEMP *laman raməsMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) kneading; massaging PAN *Rames ramesNumfor(SHWNG) press out with both hands PAN *Rames ramesKaro Batak(WMP) rub or press out with the fingers PAN *Rames ramiMalagasy(WMP) a tree from which oozes gamboge [a gum resin], also called rami; it is burned sometimes by the Betsileo during the ceremony of Salamanga, and it is also used by them to anoint their idols PAN *damaR₁ ramiPuyuma(Formosan) subterranean root PAN *RamiS ramítHanunóo(WMP) skirt, usually of indigo-dyed homespun cotton; the typical lower garment worn by all Hanunóo women PPH *damít ramoʔAtayal (Squliq)(Formosan) blood PAN *damuq₁ ramo-Kove(OC) forehead POC *damwa ramoʔMadurese(WMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramoSaisiyat(Formosan) blood PAN *damuq₁ r-amoʔMurut (Kalabakan)(WMP) 1pl ex oblique PWMP *ameq ramokNgaju Dayak(WMP) crumbling into small pieces PMP *remuk ramótIlokano(WMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ rampaŋKaro Batak(WMP) passionate, hot-tempered, envious of others PWMP *Rampaŋ rampasIban(WMP) snatch, loot, take violently PWMP *Rampas rampasKaro Batak(WMP) seize, appropriate, rob PWMP *Rampas rampasMalay(WMP) looting; taking by force; confiscating PMP *raŋ(e)pas rampasMaranao(WMP) remove, deprive PMP *raŋ(e)pas rampasManggarai(CMP) war PMP *raŋ(e)pas rampasOld Javanese(WMP) rob something, rob someone of, plunder, sack PMP *raŋ(e)pas *RampasPSan(WMP) rob, plunder PMP *raŋ(e)pas rampasSundanese(WMP) take for oneself, confiscate; rob PMP *raŋ(e)pas rampasaʔMakassarese(WMP) rob, plunder PMP *raŋ(e)pas rampas-anMalay(WMP) booty PMP *raŋ(e)pas rampaʔTae'(WMP) to rob; be taken captive PWMP *Rampas rampisJavanese(WMP) prettily slender, esp. of a slender waist PWMP *Rampis rampisKaro Batak(WMP) thin, smeared out PWMP *Rampis rampunTae'(WMP) collect, gather, bring together PMP *rempun ram-ramítIlokano(WMP) tools; items; facts; circumstances; components; ingredients; elements PPH *Rámit ramuHula(OC) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramuSonsorol-Tobi(OC) mosquito PMP *ñamuk ramuMotu(OC) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramu-nMambai(CMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramu-rKédang(CMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramu-ramuArosi(OC) small fibrous aerial roots, loose ends of bag, hanging strings, etc. PMP *Ramut₁ ramu-ramu-ʔaArosi(OC) hairy, as a ghost or a man’s legs (ghosts are hairy) PMP *Ramut₁ ramu-ramu-aArosi(OC) hairy, as a ghost or a man’s legs (ghosts are hairy) POC *lamu₂ ramutAdonara(CMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramutKelabit(WMP) fibrous roots, as of grass, rice or coconut trees PMP *Ramut₁ ramutDali'(WMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramutLun Dayeh(WMP) a thick and untidy beard PMP *Ramut₁ ramutManggarai(CMP) moss, mossy; tangled and thick, of hair PMP *Ramut₁ ramutSika(CMP) roots of a tree PMP *Ramut₁ ramutTiruray(WMP) an object with an occult power which can be used by its owner to cause sickness and death in another person, or to protect the owner against another ramut; to use a ramut PPH *Ramut₂ ramutArta(WMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramutMolbog(WMP) root PMP *Ramut₁ ramut-enIlokano(WMP) to uproot PMP *Ramut₁ ramutu-naVarisi(OC) root PMP *Ramut₁ ranAvava(OC) dawn POC *raqani ranBiliau(OC) water POC *ranum ranGilbertese(OC) fresh water, liquid, juice, sap, milk POC *ranum ranKola(CMP) branch PMP *daqan₁ ranKurudu(SHWNG) way, path PMP *zalan ranMentawai(WMP) branch, bough PMP *daqan₁ ranNehan(OC) branch of tree POC *raqan ranNumfor(SHWNG) kind of small fly PMP *laŋaw ranNumfor(SHWNG) housefly PMP *laŋaw ranPenchal(OC) down POC *tanoq ranUjir(CMP) branch PMP *daqan₁ ranWaropen(SHWNG) path, road PMP *zalan ra-n ~ raTetun(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq RanaKaidipang(WMP) oil (esp. coconut oil) PMP *laña ranaRembong(CMP) lake PAN *danaw ranawItbayaten(WMP) sea lagoon PAN *danaw ranawMaranao(WMP) lake PAN *danaw ranawThao(Formosan) housefly, black fly common in houses PAN *laŋaw ranawTiruray(WMP) lake PAN *danaw ranaw-inThao(Formosan) be covered with flies PAN *laŋaw-en randan laŋiʔTae'(WMP) horizon PMP *laŋit randau empelasIban(WMP) creeper with rough leaves used as sandpaper: Tetracera assa PMP *qa(m)pelas randutTiruray(WMP) uproot, pull out PMP *Radut raneHoava(OC) day POC *raqani ranekRon(SHWNG) sky PMP *laŋit ranetDusner(SHWNG) sky PMP *laŋit ranewManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) lake; of a supernatural, to flood an area turning it into a lake as a punishment for misbehavior PAN *danaw raniAore(OC) day POC *raqani raniLametin(OC) day POC *raqani raniManggarai(CMP) cruel, brave, powerful; to fight, attack PMP *baRani raniNgadha(CMP) brave, fearless; noble, exalted PMP *baRani raniPeterara(OC) day POC *raqani raniRembong(CMP) brave, angry; to attack, be angry with PMP *baRani raniSobei(OC) water POC *ranum raniTugun(CMP) near PMP *adani raniUruava(OC) day POC *raqani raniVarisi(OC) sky PMP *laŋit ranihKelabit(WMP) harvest PWMP *aRani ranihKelabit(WMP) harvest PWMP *q<aR>anih ranisiUruava(OC) sky PMP *laŋit ran keLou(OC) branch of a tree POC *raqan ranoBalaesang(WMP) lake PAN *danaw ranoBare'e(WMP) lake, for example the large lake from which the Poso (river) arises PAN *danaw ranoBungku(WMP) lake PAN *danaw ranoKoroni(WMP) lake PAN *danaw *ranoPBUN(WMP) lake PAN *danaw ranoRotuman(OC) swamp, marsh, low-lying ground that is often swampy POC *rano ranoUma(WMP) lake PAN *danaw ranoWolio(WMP) lake, large swamp PAN *danaw ranoMori Atas(WMP) lake PAN *danaw ranomItbayaten(WMP) water PMP *danum ranomYami(WMP) water PMP *danum ranom-anItbayaten(WMP) to apply, add water PAN *danum-an ra(n)samMinangkabau(WMP) forest fern: Gleichenia linearis, of which some parts are like whalebone and make Malay pens PMP *aResam ra(n)samMinangkabau(WMP) a fern: Gleichenia linearis PMP *qaRsam rantaŋJavanese(WMP) vertical nest of food containers with a top handle, for transporting a variety of foods simultaneously PMP *Rantaŋ rantaŋMalay(WMP) hamper, stout basket made of coconut midrib or other similar material PMP *Rantaŋ rantaŋManggarai(CMP) large carrying basket PMP *Rantaŋ rantasMaranao(WMP) cut PMP *ra(n)tas rantasMalay (Kedah)(WMP) trace-cutting; cutting a track through the forest PMP *ra(n)tas rantasSundanese(WMP) snap, break off a piece (as of a chain), break (as a snare) PMP *ra(n)tas rantasTiruray(WMP) cut away wrapped lashings PMP *ra(n)tas rantásWaray-Waray(WMP) the act of untying, detaching or removing a thing from where it has been adhered or connected; untied, detached, removed PMP *ra(n)tas ranuAua(OC) fresh water POC *ranum ranuMalagasy(WMP) water PAN *danaw ranuMaori(OC) gravy, juice of anything cooked POC *ranum ranuMoor(SHWNG) leaf PEMP *raun ranuMotu(OC) water; juice; liquid POC *ranum ranumBasai(Formosan) water PAN *daNum ranu seiaMotu(OC) to bail out water, to pour water POC *ranum raŋAmbai(SHWNG) path, road PMP *zalan raŋMaranao(WMP) sound PWMP *qeraŋ raŋMaranao(WMP) sound PWMP *raŋ raŋNgaju Dayak(WMP) clashing, clacking (as when a cup breaks or two cups strike together) PWMP *raŋ rāŋTolai(OC) to dry, scorch, burn PCEMP *Raŋaw₂ -raŋWatut(OC) to weep, cry PMP *taŋis raŋ (< *raraŋ)Woi(SHWNG) path, road PMP *zalan raŋaArosi(OC) spider shell, with long spines PMP *Raŋa raŋaArosi(OC) spider shell, with long spines PMP *Raŋak raŋaArosi(OC) spider shell, with long spines PMP *RaŋaR raŋaGilbertese(OC) leg, thigh POC *saŋa₁ raŋáIlokano(WMP) venerable, august, worthy of respect PWMP *raŋaq raŋahMalay(WMP) haughty PWMP *raŋaq raŋakMalay(WMP) a spiky shell: Pteroceros. Varieties are: P.lambis (true rangak) and P. chiragra PMP *Raŋak raŋanIvatan(WMP) span (8 inches) PMP *zaŋan₁ raŋanYami(WMP) distance between an outstretched middle finger (or pinky) and thumb, used to measure length PMP *zaŋan₁ raŋarMalay(WMP) a spiky shell: Pteroceros. Varieties are: P. lambis (true rangak) and P. chiragra PMP *RaŋaR raŋáwIlokano(WMP) edible branches or vines PPH *Raŋaw₁ raŋawKavalan(Formosan) fly (insect) PAN *laŋaw raŋawMaranao(WMP) measure by using stretched thumb and finger as measuring tool; measuring worm, caterpillar PPH *daŋaw raŋawPazeh(Formosan) a fly (big or small) PAN *laŋaw raŋaw nuaŋPazeh(Formosan) horsefly PAN *laŋaw raŋdaŋ-enItbayaten(WMP) expose to fire or live embers to dry, to expose to heat PWMP *daŋdaŋ-en raŋgaŋBisaya(WMP) far apart, widely spaced; seldom PWMP *zaRaŋ raŋgətIrarutu(SHWNG) sky PMP *laŋit raŋgitKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) sky PMP *laŋit raŋgoNggela(OC) stick, adhere POC *rago raŋ-gugurBalantak(WMP) to tremble PWMP *gurgur₂ raŋgutDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) seize or grasp someone roughly; snatch something with a jerk PWMP *raŋgut raŋiArosi(OC) to rain; rain PMP *laŋit raŋiMakatea(OC) sky PMP *laŋit raŋiMaori(OC) sky; heaven, upper regions, abode of supernatural beings; weather; day, period of time; chief, generally in the form of respectful address: e raŋi ‘sir’ PMP *laŋit raŋiRapanui(OC) sky PMP *laŋit raŋiRarotongan(OC) myth: the ethereal space, the not-earth region; sky, firmament (this definition was a meaning quite unknown to the ancient people); the sky sphere; supreme in authority, a crown, supremacy, the paramount high chief, highest authority or power, etc.; an emblem of arikiship worn on the head of chiefs PMP *laŋit raŋi-nBuruese(CMP) near PCEMP *daŋi r-aŋin-aŋinKaro Batak(WMP) kind of water beetle PMP *haŋin raŋ-(is)Axamb(OC) to weep, cry PMP *taŋis raŋitiTabar(OC) sky PMP *laŋit raŋkaBare'e(WMP) branch broken from a tree, withered branch PWMP *raŋkaŋ raŋkaiIban(WMP) dry, harsh PWMP *Raŋkay raŋkaŋJavanese(WMP) (of people) moving on all fours; creep, crawl PWMP *raŋkaŋ raŋkaŋMalay(WMP) forking PWMP *raŋkaŋ raŋkaŋMalay(WMP) crawl PWMP *Ra(ŋ)k(e)qaŋ raŋkaŋMinangkabau(WMP) a forked branch PWMP *raŋkaŋ raŋkaŋIlokano(WMP) (obs.) disjointing PWMP *raŋkaŋ raŋkapIban(WMP) (of creeping plants) to spread and cover PWMP *raŋkep₁ raŋkapMalay(WMP) double, dual PWMP *raŋkeb r-aŋkatKaro Batak(WMP) go out on an expedition or raid PWMP *aŋkat raŋkeTae'(WMP) dry (of ground, etc.) PWMP *Raŋkay raŋkefTiruray(WMP) the crawling stem of a vine; (of vines) to crawl PWMP *raŋkep₁ raŋkepJavanese(WMP) doubled PMP *raŋkep₂ raŋkepMaranao(WMP) do many things simultaneously PMP *raŋkep₂ raŋkepManggarai(CMP) combine, unite PMP *raŋkep₂ raŋkepOld Javanese(WMP) complete, equipped with, accompanied or assisted by; complement, match, companion PMP *raŋkep₂ raŋkepSundanese(WMP) combine with someone or something so as to form a unity PMP *raŋkep₂ raŋkitRembong(CMP) raft PMP *Rakit raŋkitToba Batak(WMP) raft; rattan bridge over the water PMP *Rakit raŋkupMalay(WMP) laying two things one against the other at an angle (as two playing cards when building card-houses, or the two hands to form a conduit when drinking at a spout PMP *ra(ŋ)kup raŋoAnuta(OC) fly (insect) POC *laŋo raŋoArosi(OC) a fly POC *laŋo raŋoArosi(OC) withered, dead, of grass, green boughs, etc. PCEMP *Raŋaw₂ raŋoBugotu(OC) to wither, of leaves, yam vines PCEMP *Raŋaw₂ raŋoHaununu(OC) housefly POC *laŋo RaŋoKaidipang(WMP) housefly PMP *laŋaw raŋoMaori(OC) blowfly POC *laŋo raŋoRarotongan(OC) general name for flies POC *laŋo raŋoWolio(WMP) to hear PMP *deŋeR raŋo buruArosi(OC) the bluebottle fly POC *laŋo raŋo-niWolio(WMP) obey PMP *deŋeR raŋo-raŋoBauro(OC) firewood of dead boughs PCEMP *Raŋaw₂ raŋsukBalinese(WMP) enter, put on (clothes) PWMP *ra(ŋ)suk raŋsukOld Javanese(WMP) enter PWMP *ra(ŋ)suk raŋuAnakalangu(CMP) hear PMP *deŋeR *RaŋuPSan(WMP) dry PMP *Raŋu raoAnuta(OC) testicle POC *lasoR rāo'Āre'āre(OC) the sago palm; its leaves are used for thatch POC *qatop raʔoRarotongan(OC) testicle; the scrotum and its contents POC *lasoR raʔonMaranao(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun raóŋIlokano(WMP) the cry of the hungry hog PWMP *rauŋ raoŋSichule(WMP) howl (said of young dogs) PWMP *rauŋ rapaAnuta(OC) a kind of skin fungus marked by severe itching, and very difficult to cure POC *lapa₂ ràpaKambera(CMP) fathom PAN *depah rapaʔMakassarese(WMP) tightly spaced (as plaiting); joined closely or tightly; bound closely to something; close to the ground PMP *dapet rapaMaori(OC) anything broad and flat; sternpost of a canoe; blade of a paddle, etc.; wide, flat; spread out, extended POC *lapar rapaMaori(OC) anything broad and flat POC *lababa rapalAtayal (Squliq)(Formosan) sole of the foot; footprint PAN *dapaN rapalSaisiyat (Tungho)(Formosan) foot PAN *dapaN rapanYami(WMP) bottom of the foot; keel of a boat PMP *dapan rapan no limaItbayaten(WMP) palm of the hand PMP *dapan raparToba Batak(WMP) suffer from hunger PMP *lapaR₁ rapa-tBuruese(CMP) flat PMP *da(m)paD rapatIban(WMP) (in sword dance) attack PMP *rapat rapatMalay(WMP) contact, contiguity; coming together PMP *rapet rapataRoviana(OC) to attack PMP *rapat rapat-rapatMalay(WMP) as close as possible; tightly PMP *rapet rapaʔAtayal(Formosan) palm of the hand PAN *dapa rapdap ~ raprapItbayaten(WMP) a tree: Erythrina indica PMP *dapdap₁ rapéNgadha(CMP) cover a roof PMP *dapet rapeʔBuginese(WMP) tightly bound PMP *dapet rapéhMalay(WMP) crumbling PWMP *Rapiq rapetBalinese(WMP) be close, be very near; stick together; to close (of a wound) PMP *rapet rapetJavanese(WMP) tightly closed up (as a corked bottle); placed closely together (bricks, boards, woven strips, etc.); closed tightly; keep a secret well PMP *dapet rapetJavanese(WMP) tightly closed up (as a bottle with top twisted on tightly) PMP *rapet rapetManggarai(CMP) close together, closely spaced PMP *dapet rapətOld Javanese(WMP) (pressed) close together, tight, closed tight PMP *dapet rapetRembong(CMP) pinched between two objects PMP *dapet rapətSasak(WMP) close by PMP *rapet rapetTontemboan(WMP) attached together, like the toes of birds with paddle-feet PMP *dapet rapétIlokano(WMP) to cling on to PMP *rapet rapetManggarai(CMP) tightly attached to, stuck to PMP *rapet rapetNgaju Dayak(WMP) adhere to one another PMP *rapet rapətOld Javanese(WMP) (pressed) close together; tight; closed tight PMP *rapet rapi'Āre'āre(OC) a twin; two stones in one fruit POC *apic rapiKairiru(OC) sago palm POC *Rabia rapiaGapapaiwa(OC) sago palm POC *Rabia rā piaTolai(OC) down; down on the ground POC *bia rapisKavalan(Formosan) flying squirrel PAN *lapis rapitMaranao(WMP) fetch a person; transport PWMP *dapit rapit-inMurut (Timugon)(WMP) someone who accompanies one to his destination PWMP *dapit rapogMaranao(WMP) bonfire; build a bonfire PAN *dapuR₂ rapogMaranao(WMP) bonfire; build a fire PMP *dapuR₁ rapohMalay(WMP) brittle, fragile, easily broken up PWMP *Rapuq₁ rapotToba Batak(WMP) lime, mortar used to cement things together PMP *rapet rapoyYami(WMP) to start a fire PMP *dapuR₁ rapoy-anIbatan(WMP) a stove, a tripod of three stones used for cooking PWMP *dapuR-an rapoy-anItbayaten(WMP) stove (in general) PWMP *dapuR-an rappaMakassarese(WMP) fathom, distance between the tips of the middle fingers of the outstretched arms PAN *depah rappágIsneg(WMP) slap, buffet PWMP *repag rappuŋMakassarese(WMP) come together, assemble PMP *rempun rapu'Āre'āre(OC) hit, strike, whip, beat PMP *dabuk₁ rapuBare'e(WMP) hearth, cooking place PMP *dapuR₁ rapuBimanese(CMP) closely spaced; nearby; jammed fast between two objects PMP *dapet rapuWolio(WMP) ashes; kitchen; oven; wife, housewife; become ashes PMP *dapuR₁ rapugManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) to pile logs and branches to that they may be burned PMP *dapuR₁ rapuh-anToratán(WMP) spouse PWMP *dapuR-an rapunPenchal(OC) don’t! POC *tabuna *rapuRPBun(WMP) spouse PMP *dapuR₁ rapusGayō(WMP) tie, bond PMP *Rapus rapusKavalan(Formosan) to come loose (as a knot) PAN *lapus *RapusPSan(WMP) to bind, tie up PMP *Rapus RaqatKavalan(Formosan) a step; to take a step, to step forward PAN *lakat₂ *raqiPBUN(WMP) forehead, face PMP *daqih raquSakizaya(Formosan) soapberry PAN *daqu₂ rarAvava(OC) hot PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ rarChuukese(OC) be warm PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ ra-rGaloli(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq rarMarshallese(OC) to bleach pandanus leaves over a fire, to dry leaves by fire PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ *raRPAru(CMP) young unmarried woman (Richard Nivens, p.c.) PMP *daRa₂ rarEast Damar(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raraAdonara(CMP) path, road PMP *zalan raraAnakalangu(CMP) red PMP *rara raraAnuta(OC) roast something on a spit over an open fire (only birds are prepared this way on Anuta) PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ rara'Āre'āre(OC) to be warm, hot, of sun; fade, wither, dry up PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraArosi(OC) to shrivel up, as leaves; to be hot PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraArosi(OC) a species of tree with red flowers, Erythrina indica POC *rarap raraDobuan(OC) blood POC *draRaq raraFijian(OC) to warm oneself at a fire; of a pain, to smart slightly PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraFijian(OC) a flowering tree, Erythrina variegata, var. orientalis, Leguminosae POC *rarap raraGilbertese(OC) blood; stick sap POC *draRaq raráHanunóo(WMP) red, redness, quality of being red PMP *rara raraHula(OC) blood POC *draRaq raraGabadi(OC) blood POC *draRaq raraKambera(CMP) red, brown PMP *rara raraKaro Batak(WMP) glowing, of a fire PMP *rara raraKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) blood PAN *daRaq raraPokau(OC) blood POC *draRaq rarãLamaholot(CMP) path, road PMP *zalan raraLau(OC) to shine; to be hot, warm PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraLau(OC) species of tree with scarlet leaves, Erythrina fasca POC *rarap raraLeti(CMP) blood; menses PAN *daRaq raraLeti(CMP) female, of animals that haven’t yet borne young PMP *daRa₂ raraLuang(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raraMakassarese(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq raraMaranao(WMP) weave a mat or a basket PWMP *laja raraMoor(SHWNG) blood PAN *daRaq raraMota(OC) to dry before a fire PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraMotu(OC) blood; descendants POC *draRaq raraNggela(OC) species of tree, Erythrina, red flowers POC *rarap raraRotuman(OC) to warm by the fire (oneself, a child); to fumigate; to toast or roast before an open fire; of leaves, etc., to place on the fire for a few seconds PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraSa'a(OC) the coral tree, Erythrina indica POC *rarap raraSekar(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raraSobei(OC) path, road POC *jalan raraTae'(WMP) blood; smear with the blood of a sacrificial animal PAN *daRaq raráToba Batak(WMP) red PMP *rara raraWaropen(SHWNG) blood PAN *daRaq raraWayan(OC) be heated, warmed; be baked hot, glowing hot (of pots being fired); be smoke, as fish PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraWayan(OC) the coral tree, Erythrina spp. (Leguminosae); deciduous tree found mostly near coast; twigs and branchlets are prickly, flowers red; the juice of the bark is used to dilute bitter-tasting wiriwiri bark juice in medicine to treat infection (thrush) of the tongue POC *rarap raraManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) to weave a mat, basket, etc.; figuratively, of anything tangled or entwined PWMP *laja raraWetan(CMP) woman PMP *daRa₂ raraWetan(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq rara ~ raa-raraSa'a(OC) be in the sunlight, be hot, pungent; be zealous over, be jealous over PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ rara ~ rarāOld Javanese(WMP) girl, maiden PMP *daRa₂ ra-rahanYami(WMP) road PAN *za-zalan rara-iKaro Batak(WMP) cause something to glow red-hot PMP *rara raralAtayal(Formosan) old times, the old days, formerly, a long time ago, of yore, ancient PAN *dadaN rā-ramaFijian(OC) light, as opposed to darkness POC *ramaR rara meaSa'a(OC) administer a public rebuke (lit. ‘burn the tongue’) PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ ra-rampor-anTonsea(WMP) hearth PWMP *dapuR-an raram-riarmaLeti(CMP) will, desire PMP *dalem rara-nErai(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raranKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) path, road PMP *zalan rara-nTugun(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raránaMalagasy(WMP) to be forbidden, to be prohibited PAN *laRaŋ rara-naGhari(OC) branch POC *raqan rara-ni ~ rara-viWayan(OC) to warm or heat something; what is warmed; wither something, dry something up, as vegetation PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raráŋIlokano(WMP) kind of large, elongated mollusk with a pointed shell; mother-of-pearl PPH *RaRaŋ raraŋMakassarese(WMP) radiation (of sunlight) PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raráŋManam(OC) to warm many things PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraŋTae'(WMP) bake, roast over a fire, esp. meat; do something quickly, in the blink of an eye (as in retrieving something that is roasting over a fire so that it doesn’t burn) PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraŋTontemboan(WMP) to dry; to roast fish PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraŋaBali (Uneapa)(OC) burned skin PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraŋaMussau(OC) kind of sea urchin POC *salaŋ raraŋ-eBugotu(OC) to warm oneself at a fire PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraŋ-ənTontemboan(WMP) dry something by a fire (imper.); grill for roasting flesh PWMP *daŋdaŋ-en ráraŋ-iManam(OC) to warm something (food) PMP *daŋdaŋ₁ raraŋ (reduplication of **raŋ < *deRaŋ)Bekatan(WMP) red PWMP *deRaŋ rará-onBikol(WMP) to weave mats, baskets, etc. from palm leaves PWMP *lalah-en ra-rapoy-anYami(WMP) stove PWMP *dapuR-an *raRaQPBUN(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rararoWaropen(SHWNG) sail PAN *layaR rarasFavorlang/Babuza(Formosan) old, contracted PAN *dadaN rarata-naRoviana(OC) sea coast POC *raRat ra-raviMagori(OC) evening POC *Rapi ra-raxanItbayaten(WMP) road, street, avenue PAN *za-zalan rarayKavalan(Formosan) cicada PAN *lalay Ra-RayaKavalan(Formosan) high officer; coarse (sand); large (mesh); to grow (person) PAN *Raya raraʔTingalan (West)(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rareKisar(CMP) female, of animals PMP *daRa₂ rarəsNumfor(SHWNG) tree root PMP *dalij rariArosi(OC) root; shin POC *ralic rariArosi(OC) shin, front bone of leg from knee to foot PMP *lali rariArosi(OC) shin, front bone of leg from knee to foot PMP *laliŋ rariBauro(OC) buttress root POC *ralic rariDampelas(WMP) root PMP *dalij rariIban(WMP) run away, escape PAN *laRiw ráriMalagasy(WMP) a plait; plaiting of mats, hats, etc. PWMP *laja rariMaori(OC) some instrument used as an alarum or gong POC *drali rarihe'Āre'āre(OC) centipede PCEMP *qalipan ra-rimaThao(Formosan) five (people) PAN *la-lima rarinKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) root PMP *dalij rar-ínaMalagasy(WMP) to be plaited PWMP *lalah-en rariʔ (with secondary final glottal stop)Sasak(WMP) take something and flee PAN *laRiw rarmaLeti(CMP) the interior, what is inside; fig. heart, feelings; in, inside PMP *dalem raroAnuta(OC) down (direction); below (place); west POC *ralom raroArosi(OC) the inside, inner part; the feelings, heart, mind, disposition; in, within POC *ralom raroMaori(OC) the bottom, the under side; down, downwards, down below; beneath, under, the underworld; the north, north wind POC *ralom raroMotu(OC) clay (used in making cooking pots) PAN *daReq raroRarotongan(OC) beneath, under, below; down; the under or lower part or portion; west, westward, towards sunset, to leeward POC *ralom raroRoviana(OC) cooking pot PAN *daReq ra-roaYami(WMP) two people PMP *da-duha raru'Āre'āre(OC) ironwood, a littoral tree POC *aRu raru'Āre'āre(OC) pike fish PMP *qalu ra-ruaMotu(OC) two, of persons only POC *ra-rua ra-rua-nFordata(CMP) two by two, two at a time; two each PMP *duha raruŋMandar(WMP) needle PAN *zaRum ra-ru ra-ruSelaru(CMP) two by two; two each PCEMP *dua-dua rasNalik(OC) sea PMP *tasik rásəʔPalauan(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rasiAraki(OC) sea; salt PMP *tasik rasiAraki(OC) sea, saltwater PMP *tasik rasiArosi(OC) fish sp. POC *laji₂ ras itaKaro Batak(WMP) the two of us together PAN *ita₁ rasmPalauan(WMP) needle PAN *zaRum rasö-Axamb(OC) testicles POC *lasoR rasókBikol(WMP) peg PWMP *ra(ŋ)suk rasrásIlokano(WMP) scratching sound PPH *RasRas rasu'Āre'āre(OC) to smoke, of fire PMP *qasu₃ rasuLeti(CMP) hundred PMP *Ratus rasuTorau(OC) hundred PMP *Ratus rasuUruava(OC) one hundred PMP *Ratus rasu-a'Āre'āre(OC) to smoke, blacken with smoke PMP *qasu₃ rasukOld Javanese(WMP) dress, attire; mail PWMP *ra(ŋ)suk ra-ʃuʃu-anPuyuma(Formosan) having big breasts PAN *susu₁ ratBintulu(WMP) sea, ocean PMP *daRat ratIban(WMP) tight, firm; tighten; confirm PMP *heRet ratJavanese(WMP) world PMP *daRat rātKei(CMP) king, ruler PMP *datu ratLeipon(OC) whale POC *rato rātOld Javanese(WMP) the world; the visible, inhabited world; mankind, created beings PMP *daRat rata'Āre'āre(OC) a very strong liana, used especially to sew canoe planks POC *qasam rataKelabit(WMP) milk (human and animal) PMP *Ratas₂ rataBuruese(CMP) plain PAN *dataR rataJavanese(WMP) evenly distributed or spread (as soil), smooth (as pavement); roughly, approximately PAN *dataR rataLun Dayeh(WMP) milk PMP *Ratas₂ rat-aManam(OC) bad; great POC *saqat rataMaori(OC) tame, quiet; familiar, friendly POC *lasa₁ rataʔMaranao(WMP) sad, sadness, unhappy; bad PMP *zaqat rataʔMiri(WMP) milk from the breast PMP *Rataq rataMota(OC) level ground, plain POC *rataR rataMotu(OC) milk, breasts PMP *Rataq rataMotu(OC) milk; breasts, udder PMP *Ratas₂ rataPaku(WMP) smooth PAN *dataR rataUma(WMP) come, reach, arrive at PMP *dateŋ ratā ~ ra-ratāOld Javanese(WMP) a level place, plain PAN *dataR ratahTiruray(WMP) human breast milk PMP *Ratas₂ rata-i'Āre'āre(OC) name POC *acan rata-iBauro(OC) scrape, rub, sharpen with rubbing POC *asaq-i ratanErai(CMP) to arrive; as far as, until; enough PMP *dateŋ rata-na'Āre'āre(OC) name POC *acan rátanaMalagasy(WMP) a plain, level country PAN *dataR rataŋ-anMurut (Timugon)(WMP) time, place, or reason for arrival PWMP *dateŋ-an ratasItbayaten(WMP) idea of undoing sewing PMP *ra(n)tas ratasManggarai(CMP) sever, tear PMP *Ratas₁ ratasManggarai(CMP) torn, tattered; to tear PMP *ra(n)tas ratasMinangkabau(WMP) severing with a slit PMP *Ratas₁ ratas-enItbayaten(WMP) to cut apart, as tying material in use; to untie the sewing of clothes PMP *ra(n)tas ratayItbayaten(WMP) lowlands; plain region of Mayan (a place name) PAN *dataR ratayYami(WMP) flatlands, prairie PAN *dataR rateBauro(OC) coral POC *laje rateŋItbayaten(WMP) idea of arrival PMP *dateŋ ratəŋSundanese(WMP) the swarming of insects, the clustering of many flying kites or lamps PMP *dateŋ rateŋYami(WMP) arrive back home from the fields or another village PMP *dateŋ rat fitKei(CMP) 700 PMP *pitu ŋa Ratus ratiYamdena(CMP) hundred PMP *Ratus rat-loloMondropolon(OC) whale POC *rato ratŋ-anItbayaten(WMP) to arrive PWMP *dateŋ-an rato'Āre'āre(OC) sun, sunshine, no rain, good weather POC *qaco ratoMadurese(WMP) king PMP *datu ratoMuna(WMP) arrive, come; reach, arrive at something PMP *dateŋ rato-haMuna(WMP) arrival time PMP *dateŋ rato-miMuna(WMP) bring food and drink to someone; take care of someone’s life PMP *dateŋ rato-ratoMuna(WMP) long-horned grasshopper whose call signals the arrival of a guest PMP *dateŋ rato-ratoWolio(WMP) kind of bird whose call announces people coming PMP *dateŋ rat rapu-nPenchal(OC) taboo POC *tabu-na r-at r-atSelaru(CMP) four by four, four at a time PMP *epat epat ratuKelabit(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratuDobel(CMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratuFijian(OC) honorific particle and title of rank before names of males who are chiefs PMP *datu ratuFordata(CMP) king PMP *datu ratuJavanese(WMP) king, queen, monarch PMP *datu ratuKambera(CMP) leader in religious ritual; priest PMP *datu ratūLamaholot(CMP) hundreds, a multitude PMP *Ratus ratuLun Dayeh(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratuMakassarese(WMP) old word for karaeng, prince PMP *datu ratuNgadha(CMP) lord, king; noble, aristocrat PMP *datu ratuOld Javanese(WMP) king (rarely, queen) PMP *datu ratuHawu(CMP) prince PMP *datu ratuSika(CMP) king PMP *datu ratuSundanese(WMP) prince, king, princess; in south Bantam the highest title for noblewomen PMP *datu ratuʔTae'(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratuTae'(WMP) come, arrive PMP *dateŋ ratuYamdena(CMP) great man, king; guardian of the truth; God PMP *datu ratu ehaTugun(CMP) one hundred PMP *Ratus ratuhKomodo(CMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratuhRoglai (Northern)(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratuhTiruray(WMP) unit of one hundred PMP *Ratus ratusGayō(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratusIban(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratusKaro Batak(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratusMalay(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratusManggarai(CMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratusRembong(CMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratusSundanese(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratusToba Batak(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratus-anBahasa Indonesia(WMP) hundreds and hundreds PWMP *Ratus-an ratus-anSundanese(WMP) hundreds (multiples between 100 and 1,000) PWMP *Ratus-an ratus-ratus-enKaro Batak(WMP) hundreds (of people), hundreds upon hundreds PMP *Ratus ratutFordata(CMP) hundred PMP *Ratus ratut isaaFordata(CMP) one hundred PMP *Ratus ratu toʔuLamaholot(CMP) one hundred PMP *Ratus raty-ar saYamdena(CMP) one hundred PMP *Ratus rauAnakalangu(CMP) leaf PCEMP *daun rauAnuta(OC) leaf; frond; head hair; sheet of paper PEMP *raun rau-Aore(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rau'Āre'āre(OC) tuna fish POC *qatun rau-Arop(OC) leaf PEMP *raun raʔuArosi(OC) take a handful PMP *ra(ŋ)kup rauArosi(OC) leaf; prefix to names of trees; plank PEMP *raun rauArosi(OC) side, bank of stream; shore POC *laur raʔuBare'e(WMP) a tall tree with little durable wood and edible fruits: Dracontomelon mangiferum PMP *daqu₁ rauDhao/Ndao(CMP) leaf; feather PCEMP *daun rauGitua(OC) leaf; head hair PEMP *raun rauHula(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rauKambera(CMP) leaf; hair PCEMP *daun rauMaori(OC) leaf; blade of a weapon; plume, spray, feather PEMP *raun rauMotu(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rauNggela(OC) leaf; prefix to names of trees PEMP *raun rauPiamatsina(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rauPom(SHWNG) leaf PEMP *raun rauRaga(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rauRarotongan(OC) leaf (in composition) PEMP *raun rauRotuman(OC) leaf, (of grass) blade; tobacco; sheet or leaf of paper PEMP *raun raʔuSa'a(OC) gather up with the hand PMP *ra(ŋ)kup räuSa'a(OC) leaf; leaf used as a wrapper in cooking PEMP *raun rauSobei(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rauToqabaqita(OC) leaf, leaflet PEMP *raun rauUma(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun rauWandamen(SHWNG) leaf PEMP *raun rauWandamen(SHWNG) leaf PEMP *raun rauWayan(OC) leaf; ; hair of the head; page, leaf of paper PEMP *raun rauWolio(WMP) a tree: Dracontomelum mangiferum. PMP *daqu₁ rau-Malmariv(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rauWandamen(SHWNG) seaward PCEMP *laur rau ~ ndauWaropen(SHWNG) sea; outside PCEMP *laur rau-aAua(OC) far POC *sauq₁ rau-aMotu(OC) scrape or gather together with two hands PMP *Raqup rau bitaiGitua(OC) kind of green snake PEMP *raun ráudPalauan(WMP) closing PMP *dapet raulaTigak(OC) bird sp. POC *(dr,d)aula raumMussau(OC) needle POC *saRum raum ~ raʔumTontemboan(WMP) sew or plait thatch for roofing PAN *zaRum raunMurut (Tagol)(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun raunAxamb(OC) leaf PEMP *raun raʔunBintulu(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun raunLeviamp(OC) leaf PEMP *raun raunPaku(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun raunWoi(SHWNG) leaf PEMP *raun rau-na i asiArosi(OC) beach POC *laur rau-na i waiArosi(OC) river bank POC *laur rauŋIban(WMP) toad; tree toad (unident.); howl of dogs PWMP *rauŋ rauŋMakassarese(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun rauŋMalay(WMP) deep cry, e.g. of pain PWMP *rauŋ RauŋPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) lie in wait for an enemy or animal PAN *RaSuŋ rauŋuBali (Uneapa)(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rauraMussau(OC) frigate bird POC *(dr,d)aula rau-rauMaori(OC) foliage; thatch PEMP *raun rau-rauMaori(OC) foliage; thatch; a divination rite in which leaves were used POC *raun-raun rau-rauNehan(OC) a plant species; two types: a yellow leaf and green leaf variety, fam. Leguminoseae, coral bean species; coral trees (leaves can be eaten as a spinach substitute: Erythrina variegata, Erythrina indica PEMP *raun rau-rauNggela(OC) leaves, leavage, foliage PEMP *raun rau-rauWayan(OC) leaves POC *raun-raun rau-rauNggela(OC) leaves, foliage POC *raun-raun rausThao(Formosan) downhill, downstream; in a downward direction from the mountains PAN *lahud rautIban(WMP) pare, peel, scrape; whittle down, sharpen PMP *raut ráutIsneg(WMP) strips of rattan or black rachises of líto (schizaeaceous ferns) with which the three strips of rattan are bound to the border of a basket PMP *raut rautMalay(WMP) whittling off asperities PMP *raut rau tariŋaAnuta(OC) earlobe POC *raun ni taliŋa ravMota(OC) dusk POC *Rapi ravMota(OC) dusk POC *Rapun raviGabadi(OC) yesterday POC *Rapi rávinaMalagasy(WMP) a leaf; fig., thin, slender PMP *dahun ravi-nenaWandamen(SHWNG) afternoon PMP *Rabiqi ravi-niWandamen(SHWNG) tomorrow PMP *Rabiqi ravi-raviGabadi(OC) afternoon POC *Rapi rávitraMalagasy(WMP) made to hold together, as the leaves of a book, a chaplet, etc. PWMP *ra(m)bit rávokaMalagasy(WMP) pound rice PMP *ra(m)buk rávokaMalagasy(WMP) to pound rice PMP *rambuk rav-ravMota(OC) evening, the dusk of evening PAN *Rabi-Rabi rav-ruaFordata(CMP) the day after tomorrow PMP *duha ravuLonggu(OC) ashes POC *rapuR ravuNggela(OC) ashes; burnt out, of a fire; side of a house where the fire is made POC *rapuR ravuNginia(OC) ashes POC *rapuR ravuluKove(OC) kind of razor shell POC *sapulu ravutManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) of an angry person, to struggle to fight or hit someone PWMP *rabut ŕawPuluwat(OC) whale; porpoise POC *rato rawa'Āre'āre(OC) a spider; cobweb PMP *lawaq₂ rawaArosi(OC) small net PMP *lawaq₁ rawaArosi(OC) small net PMP *lawan₁ rawaBauro(OC) spider PMP *lawaq₂ rawaGilbertese(OC) a canal, passage through reef, strait POC *sawaŋ₂ rawaHaununu(OC) spider PMP *lawaq₂ rawaSiraya(Formosan) spider PAN *lawaq₂ rawaYami(WMP) ear of grain PAN *zawa₂ rawaArosi(OC) a small net; a cobweb (used in fishing with a kite); a spider PMP *lawaq₂ rawa(h)Malay(WMP) morass PWMP *rawaq rawakMurut (Timugon)(WMP) major ritual for exorcising of persons or houses (involves communion with a spirit familiar during a self-induced trance) PWMP *dawak rawanBahasa Indonesia(WMP) anxious; emotion, tenderness PMP *rawan rawánHanunóo(WMP) grudge PMP *rawan rawanIban(WMP) experience emotion, be agitated PMP *rawan rawanMalay(WMP) emotion, tender feeling; be stirred PMP *rawan rawanSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) exceed PWMP *lawan₂ rawaŋIban(WMP) hollow, cavity PWMP *Rawaŋ rawáŋIlokano(WMP) hollow between rocks PPH *rawaŋ rawaŋKaro Batak(WMP) à jour wickerwork PWMP *Rawaŋ rawaŋMalay(WMP) openwork, fretted PWMP *Rawaŋ rawaŋManggarai(CMP) sad; anxious PMP *rawan rawaŋItbayaten(WMP) deep subterranean cave where there are sometimes animals like snakes, etc.; terrrestrial cavity, crack which reaches the sea below PPH *rawaŋ rawarKavalan(Formosan) flying squirrel PAN *lawaR RawaRPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) flying squirrel PAN *lawaR rawa-rawaArosi(OC) catch fish or turtles with a net PMP *lawaq₁ rawa-rawaArosi(OC) catch fish or turtles with a net PMP *lawan₁ rawasPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) wide, broad PAN *lawas₁ rawatItbayaten(WMP) server, waiter, waitress PPH *dáwat rawat-enItbayaten(WMP) to receive PPH *dawat-en raweYamdena(CMP) daybreak, dawn PMP *zawa₁ rawenMa'anyan(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun rawenTiruray(WMP) a cloud PMP *Rabun rawinUjir(CMP) leaf PCEMP *daun ráwisIlokano(WMP) cape jutting into the sea; tip of a branch PPH *ráwis ráwisBikol(WMP) a long slender point PPH *ráwis rawitAgutaynen(WMP) a long pole with a blade on the end, used for cutting down leaves and branches PPH *ráwis rawukManggarai(CMP) ashes from the hearth; gray PMP *Rabuk rawukRembong(CMP) ashes, dust PMP *Rabuk rawutKei(CMP) pull PMP *Rabut raxanItbayaten(WMP) path, wake, footpath, trace of boat-passing on the water; wheel track; furrow PMP *zalan raxan-anItbayaten(WMP) pass, narrow passage PAN *zalan-an raxa-raxanItbayaten(WMP) road PMP *zalan rayBerawan (Long Jegan)(WMP) there PMP *-di rayaAcehnese(WMP) big, wide, extensive; considerable, very; vehement; full-grown PAN *Raya rayaBare'e(WMP) internal part, interior PMP *dalem rayaBulungan(WMP) big PAN *Raya rayaDali'(WMP) big PAN *Raya rayaGayō(WMP) big, great PAN *Raya rayaIban(WMP) large, major PAN *Raya rayaItbayaten(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rayaKaro Batak(WMP) following some nouns this indicates large for its kind PAN *Raya RayaKavalan(Formosan) big, large, great; fat (trunk of the body); strong (as wind); large in amount PAN *Raya rayaMalay(WMP) great; mighty PAN *Raya rayaMaranao(WMP) upriver PAN *daya *rayaPCha(WMP) big PAN *Raya rayaTabun(WMP) big PAN *Raya raya banuaBare'e(WMP) the interior of a house PMP *dalem rayanPom(SHWNG) way, path PMP *zalan raya ntauBare'e(WMP) a person’s inner self; mind, heart, thinking, opinion, emotions PMP *dalem RayaRKavalan(Formosan) sail of a raft or boat; cloth around a threshing machine PAN *layaR rayaʔSaisiyat(Formosan) inland PAN *daya rayehKelabit(WMP) big, great, physically large (people or things); old (people) PAN *Raya rayəhLun Dayeh(WMP) big, grand, spacious, wide, large; loud (of sound) PAN *Raya rayemItbayaten(WMP) needle PAN *zaRum rayemItbayaten(WMP) needle PAN *zaRem rayitItbayaten(WMP) sewing PMP *zaqit raylPalauan(WMP) road; path; way; connection (between families, etc.) PMP *zalan rayohGayō(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq rayomYami(WMP) needle PAN *zaRum rayóʔBikol(WMP) distance, stretch; range (as of a gun) PPH *adayúq ráysPalauan(WMP) root PMP *dalij rayt-enItbayaten(WMP) to sew PPH *daqit-en RayuguKaidipang(WMP) tall (esp. of coconut trees) PPH *láyug rayuʔTiruray(WMP) far, distant, far apart PPH *adayúq razaBintulu(WMP) toward the interior, away from the sea PAN *daya razanKavalan(Formosan) road; path, trail PAN *zalan raʔaWaiyewa(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq raʔanBisaya (Lotud)(WMP) branch PMP *daqan₁ raʔiDhao/Ndao(CMP) dirty PMP *daki raʔiDusun Witu(WMP) forehead, face PMP *daqih raʔtayItbayaten(WMP) flooring, floor, storey PPH *daq(e)taR r-bayarSelaru(CMP) to pay PMP *bayaD reDobel(CMP) span, fathom PAN *depah reMbula(OC) southeast monsoon season, wind that blows very strongly from a southeasterly direction during June-September, a rainy time in which sea travel is difficult due to the roughness of the sea, a time for harvesting yams, collecting sago, galip nuts, and talis nuts PCEMP *raki reSelaru(CMP) fathom PAN *depah reaBimanese(CMP) ginger, Zingiber officinale PMP *laqia reaBungku(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq reaGaloli(CMP) earth, soil PAN *daReq reaKamarian(CMP) fathom PAN *depah reaKoroni(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq reaLeti(CMP) fathom PAN *depah reaMori Atas(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq reaMoronene(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq reaMuna(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq reaPadoe(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq reaRembong(CMP) ginger, Zingiber officinale PMP *laqia reaTalur(CMP) earth PAN *daReq reaToba Batak(WMP) big, main PAN *Raya reaWawonii(WMP) blood PAN *daRaq réanYamdena(CMP) woven palm leaf base on which hot cooking pots are placed PAN *reken rearToba Batak(WMP) sail PAN *layaR rəbab ~ rababMiri(WMP) high tide PMP *Ruab rebahMalay(WMP) fallen to the ground; laid low (as trees, or other heavy objects) PWMP *rebaq rəbahMalay(WMP) the crashing fall of trees and other heavy objects PWMP *Rebaq rebasMalay(WMP) fallen into unsightly ruin, of a house PWMP *rebas rebbáIlokano(WMP) ruins PWMP *rebaq rebbáIlokano(WMP) ruins PWMP *Rebaq rebba-enIlokano(WMP) to demolish, destroy PPH *Rebaq-en reberepPazeh(Formosan) foggy, misty weather PAN *lebleb₁ rəboŋMalay(WMP) bamboo shoot when young, soft and edible PMP *rebuŋ rebrebPalawano(WMP) to soak; soaking PPH *rebreb rebutDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) bustle, confusion, as during a squabble PWMP *re(m)but rebutJavanese(WMP) to do in one’s self interest without regard for others PMP *rebut rəbutMalay(WMP) snatching, tearing at, of people struggling for the possession of anything PWMP *Ranebut rebutManggarai(CMP) to pluck, pull out (as hair) PMP *rebut rəbutMalay(WMP) snatching, tearing at, of people struggling for the possession of anything PWMP *ranebut rəbutMalay(WMP) snatching, tearing at, of people struggling for the possession of anything, two dogs contending over a bone PMP *rebut rebut-anJavanese(WMP) rivalry; object competed for PMP *rebut recékMalay(WMP) fine speckles, very small spots -- of being sprinkled with rosewater, cloth speckled with gold, garments slightly bespattered by water thrown up by a car passing, etc. PMP *recik rəcekMalay(WMP) fine speckles, very small spots, of being sprinkled with rosewater, cloth speckled with gold, garments slightly bespattered by water thrown up by a car passing, etc. PWMP *ragecik recŋiTsou(Formosan) pigeon peas PAN *qaRidaŋ redanKaro Batak(WMP) steps, ladder (usually a notched log or pole) PMP *haRezan redaŋManggarai(CMP) ladder PMP *haRezan redoŋManggarai(CMP) a tree: Trema orientalis PMP *deRuŋ₂ rééPuluwat(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rə'əʔəKanakanabu(Formosan) sword grass: Imperata cylindrica PAN *Riaq réʔérTiruray(WMP) the neck PAN *liqeR reereMbula(OC) to flow, run, stream POC *rere₂ refKei(CMP) a fathom PAN *depah refKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) armspan, fathom PAN *depah refaFordata(CMP) fathom PAN *depah refarTiruray(WMP) to fly PPH *lepad refiMalagasy(WMP) a fathom, two yards, the measure from tip to tip of the fingers across the chest when the arms are spread out PAN *depah rəgaʔTunjung(WMP) two PMP *duha regameyTiruray(WMP) a rice stalk PWMP *gaRami regasMaranao(WMP) to pound, as rice PPH *deR(e)qas reǥasManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) to finish pounding rice or corn in a mortar PPH *deR(e)qas regau-regauIban(WMP) wandering, at a loss PWMP *regaw regesMaranao(WMP) water current PMP *deRes regesTiruray(WMP) (of water) flowing swiftly with a strong current PMP *deRes reɣesManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) of rain, heavy PMP *deRes regiŋMaranao(WMP) to parrot, make a noise or to parrot PWMP *deRiŋ regoMaranao(WMP) groan PWMP *deRu regrégIlokano(WMP) droppings; particles of food falling off a plant; crumbs PPH *regrég regreg-ánIlokano(WMP) to drop; intentionally drop foof under the table for the dog PPH *regrég regukBahasa Indonesia(WMP) gulping down PMP *re(ŋ)guk regukManggarai(CMP) gulp, swallow PMP *re(ŋ)guk rehét-anaMalagasy(WMP) to be lighted, as a fire by something already burning, i.e. a match, etc. PWMP *deket₂ rehoAmblau(CMP) egg PMP *qateluR rei tadaBugotu(OC) to lift up the eyes POC *tadal RejangRejang(WMP) sisiʔ PMP *siksik₂ rəjehBelait(WMP) big PAN *Raya rekaŋIban(WMP) wide apart, wide open PWMP *rekaŋ rekaŋYami (Iranomilek)(WMP) wide apart, wide open (as legs) PWMP *rekaŋ rəkatMalay(WMP) adhesion PWMP *reket rekenKelabit(WMP) coiled rattan base on which cooking pots are placed when hot PAN *reken rekenMamben(WMP) coiled base on which cooking pots are placed PAN *reken RekenPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) round pad for putting hot cooking pots on, usually made of a plaited hoop of rattan PAN *Reken RekenPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) round pad for putting hot cooking pots on, usually made of a plaited hoop of rattan PAN *reken rekenSasak(WMP) what women place on the head in order to carry a load PAN *reken réken ~ rikenSasak(WMP) what women place on the head in order to carry a load PWMP *riken réken ~ rikenSasak(WMP) what women place on the head in order to carry a load PWMP *Riken rékétBalinese(WMP) adhere, stick PWMP *ri(ŋ)kit reketMaranao(WMP) paste; attach; bear fruit PMP *deket₁ reketMaranao(WMP) to paste, attach PWMP *reket rəkiʔJarai(WMP) raft PMP *Rakit rekikIban(WMP) lose the voice PWMP *re(ŋ)kik rekot (*u > o unexplained)Manggarai(CMP) frizzled (of hair), crumpled, creased PMP *rekut rəkt-əl a rədilPalauan(WMP) menstruation PMP *sakit rekukManggarai(CMP) bowing, bending over (as rice stalks) PMP *dekuk reliŋa-Penchal(OC) ear POC *taliŋa reluAmblau(CMP) three PAN *telu remLou(OC) lime spatula POC *d(r)amut rəmaJarai(WMP) five PAN *lima remaiMalay(WMP) minute, as particles of dust or sand PWMP *remay rembayoŋMalay(WMP) the water hyacinth: Eichornea crassipes PWMP *rambayuŋ rémbét, rimbitMalay(WMP) hampered; obstructed; having encumbrances PWMP *rimbit rəmbotSasak(WMP) uprooting of weeds, pulling out hair, plucking of chickens PMP *rebut remburManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) mix different kinds of seeds together PMP *rembur rembutMaranao(WMP) confuse, mix up, confusion PWMP *re(m)but remdemItbayaten(WMP) cloud PAN *demdem₂ remeNgadha(CMP) press, squeeze, massage PMP *remek remekBalinese(WMP) crush, break, perish PMP *remek remekJavanese(WMP) broken into pieces, smashed PMP *remek remekManggarai(CMP) soft (of earth around a termite mound) PMP *Remek remekManggarai(CMP) soft (of earth around a termite mound) PMP *remek remekSundanese(WMP) fall to pieces, be smashed; disintegrate PMP *remek remek-enAgutaynen(WMP) to crush or pulverize somethingusing a pestle, large spoon, etc. PMP *remek remmáyIlokano(WMP) to crumble, break into small pieces, as clods, etc. PWMP *remay remoŋJarai(WMP) tiger PWMP *qari-maquŋ rémpakMalay(WMP) split at the side PWMP *Ripak rémpakMalay(WMP) split at the side PWMP *ripak rempakBalinese(WMP) to break, crush, smash PMP *re(m)pak rəmpakOld Javanese(WMP) broken (smashed) to pieces, broken up, destroyed PMP *re(m)pak rémpokSasak(WMP) strike together (of objects) PMP *rimpuk rempukManggarai(CMP) friable, crumbly (of wood) PMP *Re(m)puk rempukManggarai(CMP) friable, easily broken (wood) PMP *repuk rempunIban(WMP) clump of tubers or rhizomes PMP *rempun rémpuŋ, rimpuŋManggarai(CMP) tie the feet together PMP *rimpuŋ remukJavanese(WMP) broken to pieces PMP *remuk remukManggarai(CMP) to crumble, as dry chalk PMP *remuk remukSasak(WMP) broken in bits PMP *remuk rəmukSundanese(WMP) smashed, shattered; crushed PMP *remuk remukBalinese(WMP) crush, break, smash PMP *remuk rəmukMalay(WMP) smashed; broken up (of broken crockery, or a man’s head struck by a club) PMP *remuk rəmukOld Javanese(WMP) crushed, smashed, destroyed, in pieces (occasionally combined with rəmək without noticeable semantic difference) PMP *remuk remuk-anJavanese(WMP) broken pieces PMP *remuk renApma(OC) day POC *raqani renApma(OC) day POC *raqani renUjir(CMP) near PMP *adani renKola(CMP) near PMP *adani renaKola(CMP) to hear PMP *deŋeR renaOld Javanese(WMP) mother PMP *ra-ina renaHawu(CMP) female, of animals; large woman; broad, heavy PMP *ra-ina renaSika(CMP) to hear something (as a rumor); to feel, have a feeling, as in feeling feverish; feeling, sentiment PMP *deŋeR rena-nWampar(OC) mother PMP *t-ina ren-daaPendau(WMP) virgin, young girl PWMP *da-daRa rendakManggarai(CMP) step on PMP *re(n)zak rendeŋJavanese(WMP) west monsoon (rainy season) PWMP *rendeŋ rendeŋMaranao(WMP) rainy season; winter; wet season PWMP *rendeŋ rendeŋMalay (Jakarta)(WMP) rainy season PWMP *rendeŋ rendeŋSundanese(WMP) constant rain PWMP *rendeŋ rendeŋManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) constant sprinkling of rain; a rainy day PWMP *rendeŋ renebMaranao(WMP) impregnated with water PPH *reneb renebManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) of a pool of water, to soak into the ground and disappear PPH *reneb renegTiruray(WMP) push, press down PMP *Reneg renekManggarai(CMP) press down PMP *Reneg reniMalagasy(WMP) heard; perceived, as a scent PMP *deŋeR r<en>ikLun Dayeh(WMP) trampling, threshing, walking on (such as rice to separate it from stalk) PAN *Riqek rennébIlokano(WMP) to sink PPH *reneb rentaŋMalay(WMP) horizontal extension (of clouds stretching in lines across the sky, stretching a cord to its full length, using a surveyor's chain) PWMP *iReteŋ rentaŋ-an taliMalay(WMP) stretching a cord to its full length PWMP *iReteŋ-en renyMalagasy(WMP) mother PMP *ra-ina rəñanJarai(WMP) steps, ladder PMP *haRezan (re)ñuanIban(WMP) kind of small bee, often kept under eaves in hives (tikoŋ of hollowed logs; honey is good, but inferior to that of the large wild mañiʔ PMP *qari-ñuan rəŋaJarai(WMP) sesame PMP *leŋa reŋatBalinese(WMP) crack, split, burst PWMP *reŋat reŋatJavanese(WMP) burst; broken open (of fruit) PWMP *reŋat reŋatMalay(WMP) griping pain, colic, shooting pains in toothache or earache PMP *reŋet reŋatOld Javanese(WMP) cleft, crack, crevice, fissure; split, cleft, cracked PWMP *reŋat reŋatSasak(WMP) cracked, burst PWMP *reŋat reŋatSundanese(WMP) burst, crack, rend (as earthworks); crack, tear, crevice PWMP *reŋat reŋat hatiMalay(WMP) torn with anger PMP *reŋet rəŋə-rəŋəOld Javanese(WMP) remaining in the ear, continuously audible PMP *deŋeR réŋés, riŋisManggarai(CMP) laugh or smile while baring the teeth PMP *riŋis₁ reŋetBalinese(WMP) angry PMP *reŋet reŋetSasak(WMP) angry, fanatical PMP *reŋet reŋeyYami(WMP) hear PMP *deŋeR reŋgeŋManggarai(CMP) hum, buzz PMP *re(ŋ)geŋ reŋgukManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) to snore PMP *de(ŋ)guk reŋɣukManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) to snore PMP *re(ŋ)guk rəŋiHawu(CMP) hear; understand (trans.) PMP *diŋeR rəŋi ~ rəŋeHawu(CMP) to hear, understand PMP *deŋeR reŋitManggarai(CMP) pucker up the face, grimace (example sentence: "what pain are you feeling that causes you to grimace so?") PAN *reŋiC rəŋitMalay(WMP) moth; minute fly PWMP *reŋit₁ rəŋitMalay (Brunei)(WMP) mosquito PWMP *reŋit₁ reŋkahMalay(WMP) wresting open PMP *re(ŋ)kaq reŋkegBalinese(WMP) keep quiet because of sickness PWMP *reŋkeg reŋkegMaranao(WMP) pensive PWMP *reŋkeg reŋkemManggarai(CMP) embrace, wrestle with PMP *Re(ŋ)kem reŋŋatIlokano(WMP) to crack, fissure, cleave, part, open, split, be creviced; said of ground PWMP *reŋat reŋŋeŋBuginese(WMP) friend, associate PWMP *deŋen reŋreŋItbayaten(WMP) to sound like the roar of an airplane, the buzzing of bees, etc. PAN *deŋdeŋ₂ reŋutMalay(WMP) frown, look dissatisfied PMP *reŋut reŋutManggarai(CMP) sour PMP *reŋut reŋutSika(CMP) rude or insolent voice PMP *reŋut reŋʷMarshallese(OC) hear, listen POC *roŋoR reoRarotongan(OC) voice; tone; speech; utterance; language; dialect; form of words POC *leqo rəpaBintulu(WMP) fathom PAN *depah repaBuruese(CMP) fathom PAN *depah repaMaranao(WMP) fathom --- a measure PAN *depah rəpaSimalur(WMP) fathom PAN *depah rəpaTontemboan(WMP) fathom PAN *depah repaManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) one fathom; the length of one’s outstretched arms; to measure by fathom or by outstretched arms PAN *depah repakMalay(WMP) slap; whack; fillip PWMP *repag repakMalay(WMP) crumbling under pressure PMP *Repak repakMalay(WMP) crumbling under pressure, dry and brittle PMP *repek rəpakMalay(WMP) slap, whack; flap PWMP *ragepak rəpakMalay(WMP) crumbling PMP *re(m)pak rəpanJarai(WMP) centipede PMP *qalu-hipan repaŋMalay(WMP) cut straight, of a hedge trimmed to an even height throughout; teeth filed level; eaves cut so as to give a neat, straight edge; the trimming of a bride’s hair to give her forehead a square look, etc. PWMP *repeŋ repawKavalan(Formosan) house PAN *lepaw₁ repekManggarai(CMP) various sounds: crackle, pop, rattle PMP *repek repenDusner(SHWNG) tooth PAN *lipen repeŋMaranao(WMP) equal, even dimensions, height PWMP *repeŋ repeyJarai(WMP) dream PWMP *lupi repikIban(WMP) split in (thin) pieces PWMP *Repik re-pisaMelanau Dalat(WMP) a boil PWMP *pi(R)sa repokIban(WMP) rotten, brittle, powdery (of wood) PMP *repuk repokMaranao(WMP) rotten wood PMP *repuk rəppaBuginese(WMP) fathom PAN *depah reppákIlokano(WMP) to snap, break in two, of boughs or branches PMP *Repak reppékIlokano(WMP) broken in pieces, crushed, smashed, shattered, crumbled PMP *repek reppoʔMandar(WMP) break, destroy (as a wooden floor) PMP *Re(m)puk reppuŋBuginese(WMP) gather PMP *rempun repu-hBuruese(CMP) collect, gather PMP *rempun repukManggarai(CMP) sound of wood, bone, etc. breaking PMP *Re(m)puk repukManggarai(CMP) sound of wood, bones or the like breaking PMP *repuk repukManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) specific of wood, to rot PMP *repuk reputMalay(WMP) rotten to brittleness, crumbling to decay (of a house about to fall to pieces) PMP *reput reputManggarai(CMP) brittle, fragile, easily broken up PMP *reput reraAdonara(CMP) sun PMP *qalejaw reraSolorese(CMP) sun PMP *qalejaw re-rauSerui-Laut(SHWNG) leaf PEMP *raun rereAnuta(OC) to travel quickly – to run; to fly; a ship or canoe racing over the water is also said to rere POC *rere₂ rereArosi(OC) a current, tide; to spread, of fire POC *rere₂ rereFijian(OC) be afraid, fear, have a delicacy of feeling towards POC *rere₁ rereGitua(OC) drain off (as water from a puddle) POC *rere₂ rereMaori(OC) to flow; to fly; be carried on the wind POC *rere₂ rereMota(OC) set of sea, current POC *rere₂ rereRarotongan(OC) to fly, to move swiftly, as a bird; to leap, to move with bounds, to spring upward or forward; to hop, to leap on one leg; to swing, as to swing in the ancient Maori swing POC *rere₂ re-reraSekar(CMP) day PMP *qalejaw rere-uriŋMakassarese(WMP) foam that rises to the surface when cooking rice PMP *diqdiq rere wuwin-niWetan(CMP) top of mast PMP *bubuŋ₁ rəsahMalay(WMP) restlessness PWMP *Resaq resamIban(WMP) a fern: Gleichenia sp. PMP *aResam resamIban(WMP) a fern: Gleichenia sp. PMP *qaRsam resamKaro Batak(WMP) tough fern which grows on the high plateau PMP *qaRsam resamMalay(WMP) forest fern: Gleichenia linearis, of which some parts are like whalebone and make Malay pens PMP *aResam resamMalay(WMP) forest fern, of which some parts are like whalebone, and make Malay pens: Gleichenia linearis PMP *qaRsam *RəsamPSan(WMP) fern sp PMP *aResam *RəsamPSan(WMP) fern sp. PMP *qaRsam resdesItbayaten(WMP) idea of rubbing PPH *desdes resdes-enItbayaten(WMP) roll a bundle together (as when making a cigar) PPH *desdes resePazeh(Formosan) tears PAN *luSeq rəsəTsou(Formosan) upper garment PAN *qules₁ resikMaranao(WMP) dirty; filthy PMP *recik resikTiruray(WMP) tobacco blight that renders the leaves bitter and ill-tasting PMP *recik resikManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) spill over or splash out PMP *recik rətSasak(WMP) bind firmly PMP *heRet rətahJarai(WMP) leech PWMP *qali-metaq retakIban(WMP) lines on the palm of the hand PWMP *Retak re-tamaSengseng(OC) father (ref.) PMP *t-amax retan watiWetan(CMP) stairs of stone PMP *haRezan na batu rətasMalay(WMP) severing gently; giving way without the use of violence PWMP *Retas retas, rentasMalay (Kedah)(WMP) gentle severance PWMP *re(n)tes retéhMalay(WMP) spring up in little jerks, like shrimps jumping about in a landing-basket PWMP *retiq retéhMalay(WMP) spring up in little jerks, like shrimps jumping about in a landing-basket PWMP *Retiq rete-rewukManggarai(CMP) crushed, smashed up PMP *rebuk retiʔMaranao(WMP) germinate PWMP *retiq retnaLeti(CMP) steps, ladder PMP *haRezan retnaWetan(CMP) climbing-pole, ladder, stairs PMP *haRezan retokIban(WMP) sound of chopping PMP *retuk retoʔTiruray(WMP) brittle PPH *Retaq retuihJarai(WMP) hundred PMP *Ratus reunoŋ meu-kawétAcehnese(WMP) fruiting pole, pole with a hook at the end for bringing down fruit PWMP *maR-kawit reuñeunAcehnese(WMP) steps, ladder PMP *haRezan reu-vtívtiTsou(Formosan) move tail or ears (carabao, dog, etc.) PAN *witiwit rewaWetan(CMP) a unit of measure (fathom, about six feet) PAN *depah rəyaJarai(WMP) ginger PMP *laqia r-filSelaru(CMP) to choose PAN *piliq r-hasSelaru(CMP) washing of implements PMP *baseq r-hesSelaru(CMP) to paddle a canoe PMP *beRsay r-hesSelaru(CMP) to break wind, to fart PCMP *pesu₂ riBare'e(WMP) locative preposition: at, in, on, to; can be used with pronouns, as in ku-keni ri siko (1sg-bring ri 2sg) ‘I bring it to you’ PAN *di riBuginese(WMP) in, at, on; toward; from PAN *di riLamboya(CMP) bone PMP *duRi riLou(OC) dugong POC *ruyuŋ₂ riMakassarese(WMP) in, at, on; toward; from PAN *di riOld Javanese(WMP) particle with prepositional function (also expressed as i, iŋ); occurs before nouns, and as a preposition with the meaning ‘in, on, by, through, with’ (Zoetmulder 1982) which function as grammatical subject (esp. before place-names), as grammatical object PAN *di *riPBun(WMP) locative preposition of very broad scope (Mead 1998) PAN *di riRiung(CMP) sword grass: Imperata cylindrica L. PMP *eRiq riWaropen(SHWNG) pile, post under a house PCEMP *adiRi ri ~ eriJavanese(WMP) thorn; backbone of a fish; counting unit for fish PMP *duRi riaAnuta(OC) nit (egg of head louse) POC *lisa ria'Āre'āre(OC) a ginger with perfumed roots, used as a medicine by witch doctors; there are several varieties for different diseases PMP *laqia riaArosi(OC) ginger, much used in charms PMP *laqia riaKédang(CMP) big, large PAN *Raya ria-Mokilese(OC) two POC *rua ria-Pohnpeian(OC) two POC *rua riaRarotongan(OC) nit, the egg or eggs of a louse or lice or other small insects POC *lisa riaTae'(WMP) sword grass: Imperata cylindrica PAN *Riaq riaWoi(SHWNG) blood PAN *daRaq riákIlokano(WMP) clamor, noisy talking PPH *riak riákIlokano(WMP) clamor, noisy talking PWMP *Riak riakItbayaten(WMP) sound PPH *riak rianDusner(SHWNG) path, road PMP *zalan ria-nPenchal(OC) belly, abdomen PMP *tian ria ni marutana'Āre'āre(OC) a ginger used to enlist the affections of women PMP *laqia ria-riaArosi(OC) to change, as the sound of a trumpet, call of a bird; to change one’s tune, try another tack, give different advice PMP *lian ria-riaRarotongan(OC) nitty, to be infested with nits POC *lisa riasIban(WMP) split into strips, split and splay at end (e.g. to make torch), strip pieces off (e.g. sugarcane, to chew the sweet core) PMP *riqas riʔasManggarai(CMP) split rope, etc.; crack, split PMP *riqas riauMalay(WMP) noise, clamor PAN *quriaw riauMalay(WMP) noise, clamor PWMP *Riaw riáwIlokano(WMP) cry out, clamor (scolding) PWMP *Riaw ribaMalay(WMP) lap, taking on the lap PMP *riba *RibaPSan(WMP) lap; to hold in the lap PMP *riba riba-n taitaiGilbertese(OC) wood shavings POC *siba *rɨbbuŋPSS(WMP) bamboo shoot PMP *rebuŋ ribókBikol(WMP) noise, clamor, din, hubbub PPH *ribuk rib-ribux-ánIsneg(WMP) to disturb, bewilder, confuse PPH *ribuk ribuLamaholot(CMP) one thousand PMP *Ribu ribuhKelabit(WMP) thousand PMP *Ribu ribu-nSelaru(CMP) thousand; multitude PMP *Ribu ributMalay(WMP) strong wind; storm PMP *ribut ributTatana(WMP) wind PMP *ribut ributToba Batak(WMP) very busy; commotion, disturbance; confusion; uproar, insurrection PMP *ribut ribut ~ riwutJavanese(WMP) busy, rushed; creating fuss or confusion PMP *ribut ríbuʔIsneg(WMP) to trouble, perturb, upset, perplex, annoy PPH *ribuk riciTsou(Formosan) peelings of tubers PAN *kuliC ricikBalinese(WMP) (falling water) make a sound (less water than with rocok) PWMP *ricik ridaBimanese(CMP) kind of large shade tree: Alstonia scholaris PMP *ditaq ridiŋKomodo(CMP) wall PCMP *dindiŋ₁ *RiəkPSan(WMP) to thresh (grain) PAN *Riqek riʔerKelabit(WMP) neck PAN *liqeR riesFavorlang/Babuza(Formosan) mosquito PAN *likeS rigMota(OC) small; in rare use POC *rikiq rigiBisaya (Limbang)(WMP) house post PMP *hadiRi rihKaro Batak(WMP) long sharp-edged grass, Imperata cylindrica L. PMP *eRiq rihaMaori(OC) nit POC *lisa rihaSelaru(CMP) lap PMP *riba rihukErai(CMP) storm PMP *ribut rihu-nTetun (Dili)(CMP) thousand PMP *Ribu rihu-n ehaTugun(CMP) one thousand PMP *Ribu rihu-niKamarian(CMP) thousand PMP *Ribu rihut-ePaulohi(CMP) storm PMP *ribut riʔiBimanese(CMP) post PCEMP *adiRi riiSolorese(CMP) housepost PCEMP *adiRi riiTetun(CMP) column, pillar, post, pier, or stake PCEMP *adiRi riʔi umaBimanese(CMP) house post PCEMP *adiRi rikKavalan(Formosan) remove grains by treading or kneading with feet PAN *Riqek rikNumfor(SHWNG) sap of trees PMP *liteq rikRon(SHWNG) blood PMP *liteq rikásBikol(WMP) fast, rapid, quick PMP *rikas rikasSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) quick PMP *rikas rikasSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) quick PAN *alikas rikatSiraya(Formosan) lightning PAN *likaC rike-nBuruese(CMP) fast, speedy, swift PMP *rikas rik-enLun Dayeh(WMP) will thresh, walk on, trample PAN *Riqek riképIlokano(WMP) shutter, window sash, door PWMP *ri(ŋ)kep riketDusner(SHWNG) blood PMP *liket rikiAnuta(OC) small POC *rikit rikiMaori(OC) small; few; be broken in pieces POC *rikit rikiMarino(OC) small POC *rikit rikiMarino(OC) small POC *rikiq rikiRarotongan(OC) little, small; little or small in quantity, degree or size, not great; unimportant, petty, of little worth; a little, partially POC *rikit rikigSiraya(Formosan) mosquito PAN *likeS rikishThao(Formosan) mosquito PAN *likeS rikitTiruray(WMP) tie two things together PWMP *ri(ŋ)kit rikoArosi(OC) cross the hands on the breast POC *liko₂ rikosSiraya(Formosan) back PAN *likud rik-rikBaetora(OC) small POC *rikit riku-rikusThao(Formosan) to follow after (someone) PAN *liku-likud riku-rikus-anThao(Formosan) to catch up with someone who has gone ahead PAN *liku-likud-an rikusThao(Formosan) back (anatomical) PAN *likud rikutMongondow(WMP) thickly grown with grass PWMP *rikut ríkutHanunóo(WMP) grass, weeds PWMP *rikut rikutMa'anyan(WMP) grass PWMP *rikut rikutPaku(WMP) grass PWMP *rikut rīlPenchal(OC) string, rope POC *tali₁ rilaItbayaten(WMP) tongue PMP *dilaq₁ riLæSaisiyat(Formosan) to lick PAN *dilaq₁ rilaŋSaisiyat(Formosan) rust PAN *diNaŋ rilasItbayaten(WMP) pancreas (part of the body) PPH *dilas rilaʔBantuqanon(WMP) tongue PMP *dilaq₁ rimArguni(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimNumfor(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimNumfor(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimRon(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimTarpia(OC) five PAN *lima rimWaropen(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimaArosi(OC) five PAN *lima rimaHaununu(OC) five PAN *lima rimaKamarian(CMP) five PAN *lima rimaKanakanabu(Formosan) five PAN *lima rimaKavalan(Formosan) five PAN *lima rimaMaori(OC) five PAN *lima rimaRarotongan(OC) five PAN *lima rimaSaparua(CMP) five PAN *lima rimaSiraya(Formosan) five PAN *lima rimaTakuu(OC) five PAN *lima rimaThao(Formosan) five PAN *lima riʔm-aTsou(Formosan) seek PAN *kiRim rimahSaparua(CMP) hand PAN *qalima rima ina-iPaulohi(CMP) thumb PMP *ina ni lima rima-naArosi(OC) the fifth PAN *lima ri-mataLeti(CMP) corpse PCEMP *matay₁ rimaʔuŋSamihim(WMP) leopard PWMP *qari-maquŋ rim-biDusner(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimbitBalinese(WMP) difficult, slow PWMP *rimbit rimbitMaranao(WMP) pregnancy; encumber PWMP *rimbit rimbunSasak(WMP) to assemble, gather PWMP *Ri(m)bun r<im>insi-rinsikMongondow(WMP) to drip steadily (as sweat) PMP *rintik rímóMoor(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimoWaropen(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rimotahSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) leech PAN *qali- rimotahSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) leech PWMP *qali-metaq rimotukSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) leech PWMP *qali-matek rimpakIban(WMP) chip, notch; broken (break) piece of PWMP *Ripak rimpakIban(WMP) chip, notch; broken (break) piece of PWMP *ripak rimpit-impitKaro Batak(WMP) stacked on top of one another PMP *qipit rimpiʔTae'(WMP) to clip, pinch, squeeze PMP *Ri(m)pit rimpóŋIlokano(WMP) binding together the four limbs (animals); tying elbow to elbow (men) PMP *rimpuŋ rimpukManggarai(CMP) to break (tubers, etc.) PMP *rimpuk rimpuŋBahasa Indonesia(WMP) tied together of the feet PMP *rimpuŋ rimpuŋJavanese(WMP) walk haltingly PMP *rimpuŋ rimpuŋMakassarese(WMP) have an arthritic pain in the loin, thigh, knee (as pregnant women sometimes have); unable to stand up, as a bound pig PMP *rimpuŋ rimpuŋOld Javanese(WMP) lame, crippled, injured (on the leg or foot), especially of horses PMP *rimpuŋ rimpuŋSundanese(WMP) knocked-kneed PMP *rimpuŋ rimuAnuta(OC) seaweed; algae growing on the reef PMP *limut rimuMaori(OC) seaweed; moss PMP *limut rimuRotuman(OC) greyish lichen growing on tree trunks, esp. of coconut; used for making medicine for high fever and convulsions PMP *limut rimuRarotongan(OC) moss, sponge, seaweed; orchid PMP *limut rimu-āRarotongan(OC) to cover or be covered with moss; used figuratively to denote: for all time, eternity, forever PMP *limut *RimukudPSan(WMP) soul, spirit PPH *Rimukud rimu ŋa utaAnuta(OC) moss (lit. ‘inland algae’) PMP *limut rimu pineRarotongan(OC) species of fern which hangs from trees: Lycopodium phlegmaria PMP *limut rimu-rimuMaori(OC) moss; mildew PMP *limut rim-zusaKavalan(Formosan) divide into two PAN *duSa rinPom(SHWNG) five PAN *lima rina-Watut(OC) mother PMP *t-ina r<in>abiíIlokano(WMP) every night PPH *R<in>abiqi rinakDrehet(OC) one hundred PMP *Ratus rina-nAdzera(OC) mother PMP *t-ina r<in>apataRoviana(OC) an attack PMP *rapat rinasKavalan(Formosan) feather (long and beautiful) PAN *RiNaS rindənIrarutu(SHWNG) cold PMP *diŋdiŋ₂ rindiBare'e(WMP) wall PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiWolio(WMP) wall; be like a wall: protect the country against infiltration by foreigners PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiMuna(WMP) cold (as air or water) PMP *diŋdiŋ₂ *rindiNPBUN(WMP) wall PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋIda'an Begak(WMP) wall PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋMandar(WMP) wall PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋManggarai(CMP) curtain, partition, wall; mosquito net; partition off PCMP *dindiŋ₁ rindiŋTae'(WMP) wall in, surround with walls; wall, partition; side of the ribcage PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋTombonuwo(WMP) wall PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋMurut (Paluan)(WMP) wall PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋSupan(WMP) wall of a house PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋ-iTae'(WMP) to wall in PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindiŋ-iWolio(WMP) to wall in PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rindi wuluMuna(WMP) sick, ill (palace language) PMP *diŋdiŋ₂ rindrinaMalagasy(WMP) wall of a house, side of a house PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ ri-n-ekLindrou(OC) one hundred PMP *sa-ŋa-Ratus r<in>ikLun Dayeh(WMP) was trampled on (such as by a water buffalo), threshed, walked on PAN *Riqek rininKei(CMP) cold PMP *diŋin rinisSasak(WMP) drizzle, drizzling rain PWMP *rinis r<in>ishrishThao(Formosan) was weeded PAN *riSriS rinniWetan(CMP) to be cool, cold; to have a cold PMP *diŋdiŋ₂ rinniWetan(CMP) cold PMP *ma-diŋin rinnisMandar(WMP) drizzle, drizzling rain PWMP *rinis rinoBimanese(CMP) species of forest tree PMP *qanilaw r<in>opa-anTombonuwo(WMP) measured with armspans PAN *depah rinriŋMakassarese(WMP) wall (of planks, thatch, woven bamboo PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rinriŋ-iMakassarese(WMP) wall in, surround with walls PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ rintasIban(WMP) torn open, broken through PWMP *ri(n)tas rintasMalay(WMP) take the shortest way, cut across PWMP *ri(n)tas rintekMalay(WMP) spot; blotch; dew dropping here and there, and esp. of slight rain that leaves spots behind it and does not wet the ground PMP *rintik rintikManggarai(CMP) striped, spotted PMP *rintik r<in>ubaŋ a sawPazeh(Formosan) grave, tomb, graveyard PAN *lubaŋ₁ rinuhKelabit(WMP) winnowing basket PMP *niRu rinuhLun Dayeh(WMP) a shallow open-weave square basket used to separate pounded rice from chaff PMP *niRu RinukKavalan(Formosan) a plant with edible berry: Rubus parvifolius PAN *RiNuk riñdiñItbayaten(WMP) wall (esp. of cogon grass); partition PMP *diŋdiŋ₁ riŋAmbai(SHWNG) five PAN *lima riŋMarau₁(SHWNG) five PAN *lima riŋSerui-Laut(SHWNG) five PAN *lima riŋaBimanese(CMP) hear PMP *diŋa riŋaBimanese(CMP) to hear PMP *deŋeR riŋaWatut(OC) ear POC *taliŋa riŋa-nAdzera(OC) ear POC *taliŋa riŋauIban(WMP) a river fish PWMP *Riŋaw riŋgiPeterara(OC) small POC *rikit riŋiArosi(OC) to pour, incline a vessel PCEMP *liŋi riŋiMaori(OC) to pour out; to throw in great numbers, shower PCEMP *liŋi riŋiRarotongan(OC) to pour out or into, to cause to flow or fall in streams or drops, as water or other fluids; to flow, to issue forth, to rush out or down PCEMP *liŋi riŋi-riŋiMaori(OC) to pour out POC *liŋi-liŋi riŋisBikol(WMP) cruel PWMP *riŋis₂ riŋkapIban(WMP) have or move under a cover PWMP *ri(ŋ)kep riŋkasMalay(WMP) brief, succinct, concise PWMP *Ri(ŋ)kas riŋkitMaranao(WMP) stick together PWMP *diŋkit riŋkitMaranao(WMP) stick together PWMP *ri(ŋ)kit riŋkitMaranao(WMP) stick together PWMP *ziŋkit riŋuKambera(CMP) dugong: Halicore dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ rioBauro(OC) neck POC *liqoR -rioGilbertese(OC) lower or west side (opposite of rake), used only in compound words POC *sipo rio-Haununu(OC) neck POC *liqoR riobDusner(SHWNG) to fly PMP *Rebek riohMalay(WMP) a tree: Timonius peduncularis PWMP *Rihuq ri-oloMakassarese(WMP) in front, go before; earlier, the first to come; do something before something else PMP *di qulu rio maiGilbertese(OC) to come, to advance from the west, from lower down POC *sipo riosItbayaten(WMP) idea of bathing, baptism-making PAN *diRus rios-enItbayaten(WMP) take a bath PAN *diRus ri oyoBare'e(WMP) in between PMP *qelet ripákIlokano(WMP) sound of a door slamming, a plate breaking, etc. PWMP *ripak rí pakuKambera(CMP) fern PWMP *paku ripənBintulu(WMP) slave PWMP *qudipen ripituKambera(CMP) take between the fingers; pinch, pluck PMP *Ri(m)pit ripurToba Batak(WMP) be annihilated or destroyed PWMP *ripur rirDobel(CMP) earthquake PMP *linduR rirMerlav(OC) earthquake POC *lidruR rirMota(OC) earthquake POC *lidruR rirNumfor(SHWNG) post, pile, pillar PCEMP *adiRi ri rayaBare'e(WMP) in, within PMP *dalem ririArosi(OC) go off in a slanting direction, go aside PMP *liliŋ₁ ririArosi(OC) go in a circle PMP *liliŋ₂ ririFijian(OC) to be cooked by boiling; a shed, cooking place, kitchen, temporary house POC *ririq ririLeti(CMP) house post PCEMP *adiRi ririMaori(OC) be angry; quarrel, fight; urge with vehemence; chide, scold; anger; strife, quarrel, hostility; combat, fight, battle; hostility, angry feelings POC *lilim ririPaulohi(CMP) house post PCEMP *adiRi ririRarotongan(OC) anger; a strong emotion excited by a real or fancied injury or wrong and involving a desire for retaliation or revenge POC *lilim ririSaparua(CMP) post PCEMP *adiRi ririWayan(OC) be cooked (of food) POC *ririq ririWetan(CMP) post, mast PCEMP *adiRi ri-ríbukIlokano(WMP) trouble, unrest, disorder, riot, turmoil PPH *ribuk ririfan-ePaulohi(CMP) centipede PCEMP *qalipan ririkMaranao(WMP) cut down (small trees); mow (grass) PWMP *lidik ri-riŋiRarotongan(OC) to pour out, to tip out, to empty out, to cause to flow or fall in a stream or in streams or drops PCEMP *liŋi ririsBalinese(WMP) rain gently, drizzle PWMP *risris ririsOld Javanese(WMP) soft rain PWMP *risris riroArosi(OC) to flash; to lighten, of lightning POC *rilop ri ruaKambera(CMP) second wife, co-wife PMP *duha risaAgta (Dupaningan)(WMP) louse egg PMP *lisehaq, liseqah rɨsamAcehnese(WMP) kind of fern PMP *aResam rɨsamAcehnese(WMP) fern sp. PMP *qaRsam ris-elPalauan(WMP) it’s root PMP *dalij risiArosi(OC) cut off, cut up (tobacco), shave PMP *Risi risiArosi(OC) cut off, cut up (tobacco), shave PMP *Risiq RisisKavalan(Formosan) nit, louse egg PAN *liseqeS risrisAmis(Formosan) to hoe out grass, roots and all PAN *riSriS risrísIlokano(WMP) the sound of fluttering June bugs when taking hold of their outer wings PWMP *risris rissíkIlokano(WMP) to sparkle, emit sparks; also: the cracking sound of a glass, etc. when breaking PWMP *ricik risuŋSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) mortar PWMP *li(ŋ)suŋ ritaHaununu(OC) louse egg POC *lisa ritaʔRembong(CMP) a tree: Alstonia scholaris PMP *ditaq ritasMaranao(WMP) separate, cut off PWMP *ri(n)tas rite'Āre'āre(OC) eggs of louse and flea POC *lisa riteʔBisaya (Limbang)(WMP) blowpipe poison PWMP *ziteq rítuKanakanabu(Formosan) loquat tree and fruit: Eriobotrya deflexa PAN *Ritu rituSaaroa(Formosan) loquat tree and fruit: Eriobotrya deflexa PAN *Ritu riuArosi(OC) go on, go past PAN *liuS riuArosi(OC) go on, go past; beyond; forms a superlative: goro riu ‘very good’ PMP *liu₁ riu-a'Āre'āre(OC) used to form the comparative and superlative; surpass, win, excel, go beyond, pass over, of time PMP *liu₁ ri-ʔuluUma(WMP) the first PMP *di qulu riuwaWoleaian(OC) two POC *rua -rivaLakalai(OC) how many?, how much? POC *pica RivasPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) demolish PAN *RibaS rívotraMalagasy(WMP) wind PMP *ribut riwaBuginese(WMP) take on the lap PMP *riba riwo-Haununu(OC) tooth POC *lipon riwutOld Javanese(WMP) gust of wind, squall, storm; stormy, dark PMP *ribut riwutNgaju Dayak(WMP) wind; breath PMP *ribut rixi-rixiTangoa(OC) small POC *rikiq riyasTiruray(WMP) split rattan, tear cloth lengthwise PMP *riqas riʔKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) elephant grass PMP *eRiq riʔiArosi(OC) small POC *rikiq riʔiSa'a(OC) small (paired with raha ‘big’; not in common use) POC *rikiq r-kaitSelaru(CMP) to drag PAN *kawit r-ket’d fjaseYamdena(CMP) rice harvest PMP *ketuq r-maSelaru(CMP) to come PAN *um-ai r<m>a-kudá-nPaiwan(Formosan) when? at what time (to go somewhere)? PAN *kuja r-m-autsPaiwan (Western)(Formosan) to split wood PAN *rauC r-m-awrawPaiwan(Formosan) to rinse (clothing) PAN *rawraw rmisiTsou(Formosan) root PAN *RamiS r-naŋuFordata(CMP) to swim PMP *naŋuy r-nauSelaru(CMP) to swim PMP *naŋuy roDobel(CMP) two PMP *duha roLamboya(CMP) leaf PCEMP *daun rōMaori(OC) Argosarchus horridus and other stick-insects; praying mantis POC *loRo roMambai(CMP) far PMP *zauq roPenchal(OC) punting pole for propelling a canoe POC *tokon roSa'a(OC) numeral, two; used only in composition POC *rua roSudest(OC) sugarcane PMP *tebuh₂ roaAnuta(OC) long (in time) POC *loan roaDobuan(OC) fathom POC *ropa roaFavorlang/Babuza(Formosan) two PAN *duSa roaMalagasy(WMP) two PMP *duha roaMaori(OC) long (of time), delayed POC *loan roaRarotongan(OC) long, as of time; delayed; length, as of time; delay; length, as of measurement; duration, extent, etc. POC *loan roaWetan(CMP) two (in compounds) PMP *duha roa-hanaMalagasy(WMP) hesitation, doubt PMP *duha roahsPohnpeian(OC) whale POC *rato roajMokilese(OC) whale, porpoise, dolphin; any sea mammal POC *rato roáŋanIlokano(WMP) door, entrance, passage, gate (the opening, not the movable frame of boards or other material) PWMP *Ruqaŋ-an RoaroaAnuta(OC) long (in either time or distance) POC *loan roa sásakaMalagasy(WMP) divided into halves, cut into two equal parts PAN *saksak₁ robNumfor(SHWNG) to fly PMP *Rebek robNumfor(SHWNG) night PMP *Rabiqi robRon(SHWNG) night PMP *Rabiqi robaŋMaranao(WMP) seedling PPH *rubaŋ robaŋ-aʔMaranao(WMP) greenhouse, seedling bed of rice PPH *rubaŋ robiMunggui(SHWNG) night POC *Rapi ro-ɓineMuna(WMP) woman, girl; wife; female PAN *b<in>ahi robokoBali (Uneapa)(OC) to fly POC *Ropok robuMuna(WMP) bamboo shoot (eaten as a vegetable) PMP *rebuŋ robuWolio(WMP) bamboo shoot (eaten as a vegetable) PMP *rebuŋ *robuNPBun(WMP) bamboo shoot PMP *rebuŋ robuŋToba Batak(WMP) inner leaves or shoots of banana, bamboo, etc PMP *rebuŋ rocikManggarai(CMP) to spatter PMP *recik *rocoPMic(OC) be dark POC *rodrom₁ rodoArosi(OC) dark, black; night POC *rodrom₁ rodoLau(OC) night POC *rodrom₁ rodoSa'a(OC) night POC *rodrom₁ rodoToqabaqita(OC) night, night-time, evening (when it is dark) POC *rodrom₁ rodoUma(WMP) to keep still PAN *demdem₁ rodoVitu(OC) dark POC *rodrom₁ rodo-aLau(OC) dark; blind POC *rodrom₁ rodo-buruArosi(OC) pitch black POC *rodrom₁ rodomoEddystone/Mandegusu(OC) darkness; to be dark POC *rodrom₁ rodo ponoBugotu(OC) pitch dark POC *rodrom₁ rodo puniBugotu(OC) darkness POC *rodrom₁ rodo-siSa'a(OC) be benighted POC *rodrom₁ roəʔKiput(WMP) chest (anat.) PAN *Rusuk roətSa'ban(WMP) wound PWMP *suRat roətSa'ban(WMP) vein, tendon PMP *uRat rofNumfor(SHWNG) fathom PAN *depah rofaMuna(WMP) fathom, double arms length; measure in arms’s lengths (with outstretched arms) PAN *depah rogoʔMaranao(WMP) blood PMP *zuRuq rogoMaranao(WMP) corner PWMP *zuRu rogoNggela(OC) bend; bend over, move, press, of the wind POC *roko rogoŋMaranao(WMP) thunder PMP *ru(ŋ)guŋ rogo-rogoNggela(OC) to go with bent head; slanting POC *roko-roko rogo-viNggela(OC) to bend over, move, press, of the wind POC *roko rogoʔBantuqanon(WMP) blood PMP *zuRuq rohBekatan(WMP) 3pl., they, them PMP *ida rohaArosi(OC) break something brittle PMP *lepak₁ rohaArosi(OC) to break something brittle POC *Ropak rohaMotu(OC) fathom; length POC *ropa rohaTetun(CMP) fathom, the length of the extended arms PAN *depah rohaArosi(OC) to break s.t. brittle; crumbling under pressure; dry and brittle POC *ropak roha burukToba Batak(WMP) lazy, good-for-nothing character PAN *buRuk roha-iaMotu(OC) to measure; to fathom POC *ropa roha-rohaItbayaten(WMP) next act(s), next time(s) PMP *duha duha₁ rohaʔ-iaArosi(OC) broken POC *Ropak roheArosi(OC) to set a sail, a net, string a bow, etc. POC *ropeq rohe-a'Āre'āre(OC) to put up the sail; to draw, bend a bow POC *ropeq-a rohe-aMotu(OC) to string a bow POC *ropeq-a roho'Āre'āre(OC) to fly POC *Ropok rohoArosi(OC) to fly, as a bird POC *Ropok rohoMotu(OC) fly, leap, skip POC *Ropok rohokTiruray(WMP) a rib PAN *Rusuk roho-siArosi(OC) to fly to POC *Ropok rohrohAmis(Formosan) the sound of far-away thunder PAN *duhduh rohtPohnpeian(OC) darkness POC *rodrom₁ rohuArosi(OC) sugarcane POC *na topu roiTsou(Formosan) insect, worm PAN *kulay₁ roiʔiSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) ginger PMP *laqia ro-isaMono-Alu(OC) when? POC *ican rojitIvatan(WMP) dirt, grime on person PPH *dulit₂ rojoKodi(CMP) leaf PCEMP *daun roka'Āre'āre(OC) open, unfolded PMP *le(ŋ)kaq rokaArosi(OC) open, set open wide POC *rokaq rokdokItbayaten(WMP) idea of bumping PPH *dukduk₂ rokdok-anItbayaten(WMP) to strike against PPH *dukduk₂ rokoArosi(OC) contract, contracted POC *Rokoŋ rokoFijian(OC) be in a bowing or stooping position, a sign of reverence POC *roko rokoʔMaranao(WMP) obeisance, prostrate in Islamic prayer PWMP *ru(ŋ)kuq rokoWayan(OC) be bent, bowed, have a stoop or bend; bow to someone, go past in a stooping posture; be respectful (in words or action) POC *roko roko-roko vā-kanaceWayan(OC) (idiom) be respectful to one’s face but disrespectful behind one’s back (lit. ‘show respect like a mullet’) POC *roko-roko rokotMaranao(WMP) loneliness PWMP *dukut₁ rokotTolai(OC) to stick, adhere firmly POC *rokot roko taiAsilulu(CMP) cigarette ashes PMP *taqi roko-ti ~ roko-viWayan(OC) bend something; what is bent POC *roko rokuArosi(OC) to fold up POC *loguŋ rokuMaori(OC) bend, be weighed down POC *rokuk rokutuKambera(CMP) to stick, adhere to something; to paste or glue to something PMP *deket₁ ro laa-nTetun(CMP) sail a boat PAN *layaR rolawPenchal(OC) east wind POC *tokalaur r-oli-kSelaru(CMP) go back, return PCEMP *oliq, uliq rolitItbayaten(WMP) rubbish, dirt, stain, skin dirt PPH *dulit₂ roluAraki(OC) three PEMP *tolu romaAmis(Formosan) other, another; different; some, some other, sometimes PAN *duma romaWetan(CMP) house; also clan, lineage, e.g. Roma Lona, the house (clan lineage) of Lona PAN *Rumaq romaMaori(OC) current, stream, flood POC *loma *RomaPSan(WMP) sheath PAN *Rumaq roma-satoAmis(Formosan) moreover PAN *duma roma wuwin-niWetan(CMP) ridge purlin PMP *bubuŋ₁ romdomTombonuwo(WMP) moonless night; pitch dark PAN *demdem₂ *romdom-aNPBun(WMP) darkness PAN *demdem₂ roməLuang(CMP) house PAN *Rumaq romiRarotongan(OC) to squeeze, to massage, to knead POC *lomiq rɔmuRotuman(OC) mosquito PMP *lamuk₂ romuk-romukToba Batak(WMP) small pieces PMP *remuk ro-mutAndra(OC) vomit PCEMP *mutaq ronErai(CMP) leaf PCEMP *daun ronJavanese(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun ron ~ rwanOld Javanese(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun ronaManggarai(CMP) male PMP *Ruqanay ronaTetun(CMP) to hear, to listen, to pay attention to PMP *deŋeR rondoMuna(WMP) dark, be night PAN *demdem₂ rondoNggela(OC) blind POC *rodrom₁ ron-ḍonOld Javanese(WMP) leaves PMP *dahun-dahun rongo-sngusnguTsou(Formosan) to snore PAN *ŋusŋus rono-aNokuku(OC) to hear POC *roŋoR ronotMaranao(WMP) old, as of fabric PPH *rúnut ron seréJavanese(WMP) citronella leaf, used to flavor curry dishes PWMP *seray roñPenchal(OC) to swallow POC *toñom roŋAvava(OC) to feel; to hear POC *roŋoR roŋCarolinian(OC) hear, listen POC *roŋoR roŋChuukese(OC) hear, obey, listen POC *roŋoR -roŋLingarak(OC) to hear POC *roŋoR roŋMokilese(OC) hear, listen POC *roŋoR roŋOld Javanese(WMP) hole, cave, cavern PWMP *Rawaŋ roŋPohnpeian(OC) hear POC *roŋoR roŋPuluwat(OC) hear, listen, obey POC *roŋoR roŋSatawal(OC) hear, listen POC *roŋoR roŋaMoronene(WMP) do together PMP *deŋan *roŋaNPBUN(WMP) together, with; companion; spouse PMP *deŋan roŋkohMalay (Borneo)(WMP) decrepit PWMP *ru(ŋ)kuq roŋŋaTalaud(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun roŋŋoKodi(CMP) to hear PMP *deŋeR roŋoAnuta(OC) to hear POC *roŋoR roŋoApma(OC) to smell POC *roŋoR roŋoFijian(OC) to hear; to make a noise (of an engine), to spread, to be heard (of a report), to be famous (of a person or place) POC *roŋoR roŋoMekeo (East)(OC) to hear POC *roŋoR roŋoMota(OC) to feel, hear, smell, taste, apprehend by senses; be patient of, be in a passive state POC *roŋoR roŋoNggela(OC) to hear or be heard POC *roŋoR roŋoNias(WMP) to hear PMP *deŋeR roŋoRarotongan(OC) to apprehend by the senses, except sight; to hear, to feel, to smell, to taste; news, tidings, a report or a rumor, fame, a flying report, a current story, notoriety POC *roŋoR roŋoRotuman(OC) to be reported, heard of, generally known; to be notorious or famous; report, news, repute, reputation, fame POC *roŋoR roŋoSelau(OC) dry PCEMP *Raŋaw₂ roŋoToqabaqita(OC) hear, listen POC *roŋoR roŋoWayan(OC) be heard, perceived with the ears; be understood; (of news, rumors, etc.) be heard abroad, i.e. reported, talked about; (of a person) be known, famous, have a reputation; (of an engine, machine, etc.) resound, be audible, make a noise, work POC *roŋoR roŋoArosi(OC) to hear, listen, obey; to feel, endure; correct, as the use of a word; disciple POC *roŋoR roŋoMaori(OC) apprehended by the senses, except sight; hear; obey; tidings, report, fame; peace after war POC *roŋoR roŋo-aToqabaqita(OC) to hear, listen to POC *roŋoR roŋo-aLau(OC) to hear, listen to; to perceive, to smell POC *roŋoR roŋo bonSa(OC) to smell POC *bou roŋoR roŋo-ciWayan(OC) hear something, hear the sound of something POC *roŋoR roŋo-hiNggela(OC) to hear or be heard POC *roŋoR roŋo-laLau(OC) hearing, perceiving POC *roŋoR roŋo-laaToqabaqita(OC) the way in which something or someone sounds to someone POC *roŋoR roŋo maulMota(OC) to endure with patience, suffer long POC *roŋoR roŋo namᵇonaNortheast Ambae(OC) to smell POC *bou roŋoR roŋo-nuiRarotongan(OC) greatness, great fame, celebrated; renown, a great name or reputation; famed, renowned, illustrious POC *roŋoR roŋo-ŋaSa'a(OC) hearing POC *roŋoR roŋorBalantak(WMP) to hear PMP *deŋeR *roŋoRPBun(WMP) to hear PMP *deŋeR roŋo-ragaBugotu(OC) fame, glory; to be famous POC *roŋoR roŋoroŋMortlockese(OC) hear, listen POC *roŋoR roŋoroŋWoleaian(OC) hear, listen POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋoMota(OC) listen to, hear POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋoNggela(OC) news; fame; custom; rank or position POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋoRarotongan(OC) hearing POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋoSa'a(OC) to hear, to listen, to hear tidings of; to understand; to ask in marriage POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋoWayan(OC) listen, hear; sound, make a sound POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋoAnuta(OC) to hear about POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋo-āRarotongan(OC) notorious, of ill report, infamous POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋo-iWayan(OC) pay attention to something, listen attentively to something POC *roŋoR roŋo-roŋo lavi-laviNggela(OC) idle rumor, gossip POC *roŋoR roŋo-ruaMaori(OC) conflicting news; having two reputations POC *roŋoR roŋo ruaMota(OC) to have two tastes (as half fresh, half salt) POC *roŋoR roŋo-ruaWayan(OC) ignore or shun advice, take no heed of what one is told POC *roŋoR roŋo saaiSa'a(OC) to understand POC *roŋoR roŋo-taʔaArosi(OC) a discord, ugly sound; incorrectly used, of a word POC *roŋoR roŋo-tagMota(OC) hear, taste, smell, feel something POC *roŋoR roŋo-vagMota(OC) to feel, suffer POC *roŋoR roŋo-viBugotu(OC) to hear POC *roŋoR roŋo-viNggela(OC) to hear or be heard; to listen; to feel; to obey; to enquire about POC *roŋoR roŋutMongondow(WMP) wrinkle (of the skin) PMP *reŋut roʔoBimanese(CMP) leaf PCEMP *daun rooMuna(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun roonBalantak(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun ṛoo-nuKaidipang(WMP) when? PAN *-nu₁ rooŋPohnpeian(OC) news POC *roŋoR roo-roŋoBugotu(OC) to hear, receive a report; news, tidings POC *roŋoR *ropaPBun(WMP) fathom PAN *depah ropiArosi(OC) to fold arms tightly POC *lobi ropiMussau(OC) to drink POC *sosop-i rop-i (< rorop-i)Mussau(OC) to drink POC *sosop ropoTombonuwo(WMP) armspan PAN *depah ropokManggarai(CMP) sound of a fence, etc. that is being walked on PMP *rupuk roppókIlokano(WMP) break short, snap, break in two (a stick, etc.) PMP *rupuk roraArosi(OC) to hasten, be early, make haste POC *roRas roranKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) ladder, stairs PMP *haRezan roranMaranao(WMP) cargo, transport PMP *lujan rɔriRotuman(OC) projecting portion of tree trunk, as of the ‘ifi (Tahitian Chestnut) tree POC *ralic róroPalauan(WMP) Indian coral tree: Erythrina variegata L. PMP *dapdap₁ roroTolai(OC) to roar, of the sea on the reef or the surf; to boom POC *roRoŋ roroTolai(OC) to cover, as a hen her chicks POC *rodrom₂ (ro)-roOld Javanese(WMP) two PMP *duha roro-ʔiArosi(OC) to string a bow POC *rolos roro-iMota(OC) the sound, report of something POC *roRoŋ ro-rondoMuna(WMP) very dark PAN *demdem₂ ro-rondoNggela(OC) blind; blind man’s buff; to darken POC *rodrom₁ ro-rondo mataMuna(WMP) poor (of eyesight), nearsighted PAN *demdem₂ ro-rora'Āre'āre(OC) hastily, quickly, hurriedly POC *roRas rorosMaranao(WMP) slide down PWMP *rusrus₂ ro-ruaPetapa Taje(WMP) two PMP *da-duha rosMokilese(OC) darkness POC *rodrom₁ roʃaSaisiyat(Formosan) two PAN *duSa roshWoleaian(OC) night, darkness; be dark, black, obscure POC *rodrom₁ rosiArosi(OC) to wring, twist, squeeze, as coconut fiber in straining coconut scrapings PMP *lecit rosikMongondow(WMP) spot, speck, stain PMP *recik rosoʔMadurese(WMP) ribs, rib bones PAN *Rusuk rotPohnpeian(OC) dark POC *rodrom₁ rot-anJavanese(WMP) rattan PMP *raut rotan segaMalay(WMP) the fine smooth-surfaced rattan of commerce, especially Calamus caesius PWMP *segaʔ rotasManggarai(CMP) tear, make an incision PMP *rutas roti se buʔiNgadha(CMP) a bit of bread PCMP *buqi₁ roto'Āre'āre(OC) cloudy; black cloud, squall; to be dark, night; blind POC *rodrom₁ rotoMakatea(OC) heart POC *loto₁ rotoMaori(OC) the inside (as of a house); the midst POC *loto₁ rotoRarotongan(OC) in, within, the inner part, inside; inwardness, internal state, inner meaning or significance, intimacy, familiarity, etc.; internally seated in the mind or soul; not perceptable to the sense of sight, as hidden or suppressed anger or any hidden or suppressed emotion POC *loto₁ rotoŋ-onMurut (Timugon)(WMP) the place where one arrives for some purpose PWMP *dateŋ-en rotot, rontotMongondow(WMP) take away from, remove PWMP *re(n)tes rotuFijian(OC) beat at with fists or stick POC *rotuk rouAli(OC) two POC *rua rouKis(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rounTombonuwo(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun rounTunjung(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun roun nu posuwonTombonuwo(WMP) kind of insect PMP *dahun rouŋAli(OC) leaf PEMP *raun rouŋSika(CMP) leaves of a tree; paper, page of a book; head hair PCEMP *daun rourouMotu(OC) to run about noisily; noise POC *rourou rovaMota(OC) to stretch out the arm, stretch out at arms’s length; to measure with the stretch of the arms; a fathom POC *ropa rovoGitua(OC) to fly POC *Ropok rovoPokau(OC) to fly POC *Ropok rovo-rovoGapapaiwa(OC) to fly POC *Ropo-Ropok rovuFijian(OC) to sprout or shoot, of yams and trees or of beard growing, teeth being cut; a young shoot or sprout POC *robuŋ rovuWayan(OC) to sprout, germinate, shoot up, appear (as teeth, new leaves, shoots); sucker, new shoot growing from the root of a plant POC *robuŋ rowPenchal(OC) a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga (black inside) POC *toRas rowinNumfor(SHWNG) sea cow, dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ rowoMota(OC) spring, leap, move quickly up forward, rise, grow; of birds and flying fish, to fly POC *Ropok rowoWest Damar(CMP) blood PAN *daRaq royoŋItbayaten(WMP) whale PMP *duyuŋ₂ royoŋMalay(WMP) reeling, staggering PWMP *ruyuŋ₁ royoŋ, ruyoŋMalay(WMP) reeling, staggering PWMP *Ruyuŋ royoyIbatan(WMP) a coconut shell cup PPH *duyuR royoyItbayaten(WMP) coconut shell (as vessel) PPH *duyuR royoyYami(WMP) coconut pitcher PPH *duyuR roʔoPopalia(WMP) leaf PMP *dahun roʔuArosi(OC) to bend, fold; curl up the legs POC *roku r-penuEast Damar(CMP) full PAN *peNuq r-rakitSelaru(CMP) tie together with various ropes PMP *Rakit rrenDobel(CMP) near PMP *adani rryanKairiru(OC) water, drink POC *ranum rsəəTsou(Formosan) tears (Tsuchida 1976) PAN *luSeq r-si-bitiFordata(CMP) shin-kicking, a game PMP *bintiq r-susSelaru(CMP) to suck PAN *susu₁ rtakMalay(WMP) crack-marking, e.g. on crackle porcelain, in contrast to a real rift, however narrow PWMP *Retak r-tasiSelaru(CMP) to salt PMP *tasik r-télSelaru(CMP) to swallow PMP *telen r-tetakSelaru(CMP) chop into short pieces PAN *tektek₁ r-tutuSelaru(CMP) to knock, pound PAN *tutuh rtuuTsou(Formosan) loquat tree and fruit: Eriobotrya deflexa PAN *Ritu ruArguni(SHWNG) two PMP *duha ruArop(OC) two POC *rua ruKei(CMP) two PMP *duha -ruLeviamp(OC) to hear POC *roŋoR ruMbula(OC) two POC *rua ruSelaru(CMP) two PMP *duha ruWaropen(SHWNG) flood, high water PMP *Ruab ruaAdonara(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaAnuta(OC) two POC *rua ruaAnuta(OC) to vomit; to be seasick PMP *luaq rua'Āre'āre(OC) two POC *rua rua'Āre'āre(OC) flood tide, incoming tide POC *Ruap ruaArosi(OC) two; a company of related persons POC *rua ruaBalantak(WMP) two PMP *duha ruaBare'e(WMP) two PMP *duha rua-Biliau(OC) neck POC *Ruqa ruaBugotu(OC) numeral two POC *rua ruaBuruese(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaCentral Maewo(OC) two POC *rua ruaDobuan(OC) two POC *rua ruaEddystone/Mandegusu(OC) two POC *rua ruaErai(CMP) two, usually with the numeral prefix ha-: harua; sometimes with metathesis: rahua PMP *duha ruaFijian(OC) two POC *rua ruaGapapaiwa(OC) two POC *rua ruaGitua(OC) two POC *rua ruaHoava(OC) neck POC *Ruqa ruaIdate(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaKambera(CMP) two; companion; half PMP *duha ruaKola(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaKomodo(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaLaha(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaPokau(OC) two POC *rua ruaLamaholot(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaLametin(OC) two POC *rua ruaLau(OC) two POC *rua ruaLeti(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaLi'o(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaMakassarese(WMP) two PMP *duha ruaMalmariv(OC) two POC *rua ruaManam(OC) two POC *rua ruaMaori(OC) two; both POC *rua ruaMaori(OC) pit, hole; store for provisions; grave PMP *luaŋ₁ ruaMarau₂(OC) two POC *rua ruaMarau₂(OC) neck POC *Ruqa ruaMentawai(WMP) two PMP *duha ruaMota(OC) numeral, two POC *rua ruaMotu(OC) two POC *rua ruaNggela(OC) two; a partner POC *rua ruaNokuku(OC) two POC *rua ruaPalu'e(CMP) two PMP *duha *ruaPBun(WMP) two (bound numeral) PMP *duha *ruaPMic(OC) two POC *rua ruaRaga(OC) two POC *rua ruaRarotongan(OC) two POC *rua ruaRarotongan(OC) hole, excavation, grave, abyss, cavity, pit, opening, chasm, etc. PMP *luaŋ₁ ruaRotuman(OC) two POC *rua ruaSaparua(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaSika(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaSio(OC) two POC *rua ruaSolorese(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaTakuu(OC) two POC *rua ruaTaokas(Formosan) two PAN *duSa ruaTetun(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaTetun (Dili)(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaTontemboan(WMP) two PMP *duha ruaToqabaqita(OC) two (in serial counting); not used to modify nouns POC *rua ruaTugun(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaUjir(CMP) two PMP *duha ruaUruava(OC) two POC *rua ruaVitu(OC) two; friend, companion POC *rua ruaWogeo(OC) two POC *rua ruaWolio(WMP) two (dependent form) PMP *duha ruaW.Tarangan (Ngaibor)(CMP) two PMP *duha rua a-vuiGabadi(OC) twenty PMP *ŋa rua-gaNggela(OC) twofold POC *rua rua-gomBiliau(OC) two POC *rua ruahMalay(WMP) to empty out, of emptying things out of sacks, etc., not of pouring out liquid PWMP *Ruaq ruaiAraki(OC) before, beforehand; in olden time, a long time ago POC *tuaRi ruakMalay(WMP) spread out, expand, gape open. Of the hood of a cobra, the contents of an egg when the shell is broken, etc. PWMP *ruqag ruakToba Batak(WMP) wide, spacious PWMP *ruqag rua-kiMaori(OC) to vomit; be vomited POC *lua-ki rua-kiRarotongan(OC) vomit, matter ejected from the stomach; to vomit, to throw up the contents of the stomach by the mouth; to spew POC *lua-ki rua-mUbir(OC) two POC *rua ruā-na'Āre'āre(OC) second POC *rua rua-na'Āre'āre(OC) throat, neck, back POC *Ruqa rua-naArosi(OC) second POC *rua rua-(na)Arosi(OC) companion, fellow, mate POC *rua rua-naEddystone/Mandegusu(OC) neck, nape of the neck POC *Ruqa rua-naLau(OC) second; alternative; again; a friend, closer in relationship than English friend; lover; to be friends with, be in love; wife’s sister’s husband POC *rua rua-naNggela(OC) second POC *rua rua-naRoviana(OC) the neck POC *Ruqa rua-naToqabaqita(OC) second; traditionally: trading partner (with whom one was on friendly terms) POC *rua rua-naVitu(OC) next POC *rua rua-niaVitu(OC) do something to two items POC *rua rua-ñaBugotu(OC) second POC *rua ruaŋMalay(WMP) hollow space; a ship’s well; the hollow of the back; the depression between the breasts; the grave-trench; the hollow containing the seed in certain fruit; the center room in a house PWMP *Ruqaŋ ruaŋManggarai(CMP) yellowish-red bee smaller than the ordinary honeybee: Apis indica PMP *qani-Ruan ruaŋSika(CMP) bee sp. PMP *qani-Ruan rua-ŋSika(CMP) we two (excl.) PMP *duha ruaŋ-anBahasa Indonesia(WMP) a spacious room, as a classroom PWMP *Ruqaŋ-an rua ŋa-puluʔTondano(WMP) twenty PMP *ŋa ruapTolai(OC) breakers, waves breaking on the rocks; to break heavily, of the sea POC *Ruap ruapYamdena(CMP) flood PMP *Ruab ruarIban(WMP) outside; broad and empty PMP *luqaR ruarNgaju Dayak(WMP) outside PMP *luqar ruarTiruray(WMP) loose, spacious PMP *luqaR ruarToba Batak(WMP) come out PMP *luqar rua-ruaArosi(OC) two at a time, two by two POC *rua rua₁ rua-ruaArosi(OC) a flood of water POC *Ruap rua-ruaBauro(OC) high tide POC *Ruap rua-ruaManam(OC) two at a time POC *rua rua₁ rua ruaMaori(OC) few POC *rua rua-ruaMaori(OC) of two minds, in doubt POC *rua rua₂ rua-ruaMota(OC) two and two, by twos; double POC *rua rua₁ rua-ruaTetun(CMP) two by two, two at a time PMP *walu walu rua-ruaTontemboan(WMP) two by two, two at a time PMP *duha duha₁ rua-ruaToqabaqita(OC) be undecided, be of two minds POC *rua rua₂ rua-ruaFijian(OC) both POC *rua rua₁ rua-ruaHula(OC) two POC *rua rua ruaLamaholot(CMP) two each PCEMP *dua-dua rua-ruaUruava(OC) to vomit PMP *luaq rua-rua-ʔa'Āre'āre(OC) to doubt POC *rua rua₂ rua-rua-ʔaArosi(OC) doubting, doubtful POC *rua rua₂ rua-rua-mbaliWolio(WMP) both sides PMP *duha rua-sTetun(CMP) two (of something); both PMP *duha rua susu'Āre'āre(OC) laryngitis POC *Ruqa rua-tSika(CMP) we two (incl.) PMP *duha rua-taEddystone/Mandegusu(OC) two (occasionally used for rua) POC *rua ruat-iManam(OC) to comb PMP *suat₁ rubatSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) bottom (anat.) PWMP *lubet rubuKavalan(Formosan) den, animal lair; beehive, ant nest PAN *Rubu rubuPuyuma(Formosan) nest PAN *Rubu rucunThao(Formosan) the Formosan rock monkey: Macaca cyclopis, a light gray, long-tailed monkey with triangular salmon-colored face PAN *luCuŋ rudárodIlokano(WMP) to scrape, scour PWMP *rudrud rudrudManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) scrape the skin PWMP *rudrud ruduMotu(OC) side of chest PAN *Rusuk ru-duaMuna(WMP) two, both (of people) PMP *duha ruduŋRembong(CMP) cover or veil with a cloth PMP *ru(n)duŋ rudu turia-naMotu(OC) rib bone PAN *Rusuk rueIrarutu(SHWNG) two PMP *duha rueMota(OC) flow of tide, flood-tide, high tide POC *Ruap rueNortheast Ambae(OC) two POC *rua rueSa'a(OC) two, used by itself or with ro, of phases of the moon POC *rua ruehDusun Witu(WMP) two PMP *duha rue-hKuruti(OC) two POC *rua ruehMa'anyan(WMP) two PMP *duha rue-hKele(OC) two POC *rua rue-pLou(OC) two POC *rua ruəyBintulu(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi rufíaMalagasy(WMP) a palm used for various purposes; the midrib of the leaf is employed for the poles in making palanquins; the fiber from the young leaves is used as string, for which purpose it is exported under the name of raphia grass; from the stem a sweet liquid called harafa is obtained, which is drunk by the natives; the shell of the fruit is employed as a receptable for small articles PMP *Rumbia rugiʔMinokok(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruguNggela(OC) to stoop POC *rukuq ruǥuManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) a partitioned off sleeping room PWMP *zuRu ruɣuŋManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) thunder, to thunder PMP *ru(ŋ)guŋ ruhaArosi(OC) to lose, let go, untie POC *Rupas ruhaArosi(OC) to lose, let go, untie POC *lupas₂ ruhaBantuqanon(WMP) two PMP *duha ruha-iaMotu(OC) to untie, loosen POC *Rupas ruha-ia negeMotu(OC) to cast off POC *Rupas ruhakBanjarese(WMP) widen, enlarge PWMP *ruqag ruhakKaro Batak(WMP) spacious, wide, of an opening PWMP *ruqag ruha-siArosi(OC) to lose, let go, untie, set free from debt, forgive (modern) POC *Rupas ruha-siArosi(OC) to lose, let go, untie, set free from debt, forgive (modern) POC *lupas₂ ruha-siaArosi(OC) set free, let go, untied POC *Rupas ruha-siaArosi(OC) set free, let go, untied POC *lupas₂ ruhiArosi(OC) press down, as the contents of a bag POC *lupit ruhuHawu(CMP) rib PAN *Rusuk rú huluKambera(CMP) leaf (lontar palm, coconut) used for a torch PMP *suluq ru huruHawu(CMP) torch made of bundled leaves PMP *suluq ruiBalaesang(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruiBare'e(WMP) thorn, spike; kind of rattan (nanga) with sharp thorns, the leaves of which are used as roof thatch PMP *duRi ruiDhao/Ndao(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ruiGitua(OC) dugong POC *ruyuŋ₂ ruiMalagasy(WMP) a generic name for prickly shrubs PMP *duRi ruiMentawai(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruiMori Atas(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruiMotu(OC) dugong POC *ruyuŋ₂ *ruiPBUN(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruiPetapa Taje(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruiHawu(CMP) bone, bony PMP *duRi ruiSelaru(CMP) sea cow, dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ ruiWaima'a(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ruiWaiyewa(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ruiWaropen(SHWNG) sea cow, dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ ruinKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) sea cow, dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ rui-nTetun(CMP) bone, bones of the skeleton PMP *duRi rui-nTetun (Dili)(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ruiniWetan(CMP) sea cow, dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ ruitMongondow(WMP) sharp, pointed PWMP *ruit ruitIban(WMP) a barb PWMP *ruit ruitMalay(WMP) bent, hook-shaped PWMP *ruit ruitMalay (Brunei)(WMP) hook or barb PWMP *ruit rui waŋga sonsonGitua(OC) whale (‘canoe swallower’) POC *ruyuŋ₂ rujuŋManggarai(CMP) dugong?: Halicore dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ ru-kai-kaiPaiwan(Formosan) to chatter, be a chatterbox PAN *kaRi₁ rukcawThao(Formosan) the Formosan clouded leopard: Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus (Swinhoe) PAN *lukeNaw rúkibIlokano(WMP) cave, grotto, cavern PPH *Rukib *rukuPMic(OC) enter with the head bowed POC *rukuq ruku-rukut-enTontemboan(WMP) be overgrown with grass and weeds PWMP *dukut-en rukuTPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) Bird’s nest fern: Asplenium nidus PAN *lukuC rukutTontemboan(WMP) grass, weeds PMP *dukut₂ (ru)laiHawu(CMP) tail PMP *lawi₁ *ruluŋPAty(Formosan) cloud PAN *luNuŋ ruluŋPazeh(Formosan) cloud PAN *luNuŋ rumNumfor(SHWNG) house PAN *Rumaq rumNumfor(SHWNG) house PAN *Rumaq rumSonsorol-Tobi(OC) moss, seaweed PMP *lumut rumaArosi(OC) a house, oblong in shape; a family PAN *Rumaq rumaʔAtayal(Formosan) some; sometime; some time ago; sometimes, from time to time PAN *duma rumaʔKelabit(WMP) house (= longhouse) PAN *Rumaq rumaErai(CMP) granary PAN *Rumaq rumaGabadi(OC) house PAN *Rumaq rumaLeti(CMP) house PAN *Rumaq rumaMoor(SHWNG) house PAN *Rumaq rumaMotu(OC) house PAN *Rumaq rumaʔPuyuma(Formosan) house PAN *Rumaq rumaSelau(OC) house PAN *Rumaq rumaTabun(WMP) house PAN *Rumaq rumaʔTiruray(WMP) a scabbard or sheath PAN *Rumaq rumaToba Batak(WMP) house, especially the beautifully constructed houses of the wealthy PAN *Rumaq rumaTolai(OC) house PAN *Rumaq rumaTorau(OC) house PAN *Rumaq rumaUruava(OC) house PAN *Rumaq rumaWaropen(SHWNG) house; shop; branch of a family PAN *Rumaq rumaWogeo(OC) house PAN *Rumaq r<um>abiíIlokano(WMP) nightfall; to turn into night PPH *R<um>abiqi rumahDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) house PAN *Rumaq rumahIban(WMP) house, permanent dwelling; housing; longhouse as ritual center of menoa (area of land held and used by distinct community) PAN *Rumaq rumahKaro Batak(WMP) house, dwelling; the true village, as opposed to what lies outside it (gardens, bathing place, etc.); lineage or family as a segment of the sub-merga PAN *Rumaq rumahMalay(WMP) house; specifically, a dwelling house in contrast to a mosque, or to a balai or meeting house open to all PAN *Rumaq rumahSaparua(CMP) house PAN *Rumaq rumah belah bumboŋMinangkabau(WMP) house with a broken or tiered pattern of roof PMP *bubuŋ₁ rumah rayaIban(WMP) longhouse (as distinct from farm huts) PAN *Raya rumah-rumah-anMalay(WMP) playhouse for children PAN *Rumaq rumah taŋgaMalay(WMP) home; (fig.) wife, wife and family PMP *taŋga₁ rumakaBali (Uneapa)(OC) house PAN *Rumaq r<um>akitTontemboan(WMP) travel by raft; make a raft of wood or bamboo PMP *Rakit ruma-naArosi(OC) hand, arm; forefoot of animal POC *luma RumaqUjir(CMP) house PAN *Rumaq r<um>araOld Javanese(WMP) in her maidenhood, young (of a woman) PWMP *d<um>aRa r<um>a-ráapəKanakanabu(Formosan) to sow PAN *R<um>ahap r<um>ato-noMuna(WMP) visitor, guest PWMP *d<um>ateŋ r<um>atoŋMurut (Timugon)(WMP) to arrive PWMP *d<um>ateŋ rumbiaKaro Batak(WMP) sago palm PMP *Rumbia rumbiaMakassarese(WMP) sago palm PMP *Rumbia rumbiaMalay(WMP) sago palm, Metroxylon sagus or M. rumphii. The pith of the palm (sagu rumbia) is the sago of commerce which is not much liked by Malays as a foodstuff ... but its leaves make an excellent roofing thatch, considered superior to the usual nipah thatch PMP *Rumbia rumbiaMuna(WMP) sago tree (the leaves are used for roofing; and the pith of the stalk is eaten, but rarely) PMP *Rumbia rumbiaTae'(WMP) a large Colocasia taro with tall stem; the leaves are cooked as pig fodder PMP *Rumbia rumbiaToba Batak(WMP) sago palm PMP *Rumbia rumbiaWolio(WMP) sago palm, Metroxylon sagu PMP *Rumbia rumbioMinangkabau(WMP) sago palm PMP *Rumbia rumbioSimalur(WMP) sago palm, Metroxylon Rumphii L. PMP *Rumbia rumbu-Watut(OC) grandparent/grandchild (recipr.) POC *tubu₂ rumékIlokano(WMP) to smash, break, shatter; pulverize; pound PPH *Rumek ruməkNumfor(SHWNG) moss PMP *lumut r<um>əŋöOld Javanese(WMP) to hear PWMP *d<um>eŋeR r<um>əŋö-rəŋöOld Javanese(WMP) to listen in an effort to hear everything that is said PWMP *d<um>eŋeR r<um>əpaTontemboan(WMP) to measure in fathoms PWMP *d<um>epa rumfakTiruray(WMP) collide with something PMP *rumpak rumiArosi(OC) to fold PMP *lumiq rumiArosi(OC) to fold PMP *luqemit r<um>iákIlokano(WMP) to swagger, talk with noisy violence PPH *riak r<um>iákIlokano(WMP) to swagger, talk with noisy violence PWMP *R<um>iak r<um>ikLun Dayeh(WMP) trampling, threshing, waling on (such as rice to separate it from stalk) PWMP *R<um>iqek rumoIda'an Begak(WMP) 3sg, he/she PAN *duma rumòhAcehnese(WMP) house, dwelling PAN *Rumaq rumpakManggarai(CMP) collide with something PMP *rumpak rumpakSasak(WMP) hit, beat, pound PMP *rumpak rumpuUma(WMP) gather, assemble PWMP *rumpun rumpunMalay(WMP) cluster, clump. Of such things as clumps of bamboos, bananas or lemongrass PWMP *rumpun rumput betoŋMalay(WMP) a grass (unidentified), used medicinally PAN *betuŋ₁ rumput sesat belukarMalay(WMP) a grass: Hypolytrum latifolium PWMP *sedsed₁ rumu'Āre'āre(OC) seaweed; a moss on trees, used in ceremonial purification; it is wrung out over the head of a newborn baby when taken into somebody’s house PMP *lumut rumuArosi(OC) oil PMP *lumuk rumuArosi(OC) oil POC *lumu₁ rumu-ʔaArosi(OC) oily POC *lumu₁ r<um>úbaŋIlokano(WMP) to sprout, germinate, shoot up PPH *rubaŋ rumu-rumuArosi(OC) moss, lichen, seaweed PMP *lumut-lumut rumutKowiai/Koiwai(SHWNG) moss PMP *lumut rumwaGitua(OC) house PAN *Rumaq runPenchal(OC) freshwater eel PMP *tuna runaWaropen(SHWNG) wooden headrest PMP *qalunan rúnawIlokano(WMP) melt, liquefy, dissolve (wax, sugar, etc.) PWMP *Runaw runcuBare'e(WMP) push or crowd into PMP *dusuk runduŋMandar(WMP) shelter PMP *ru(n)duŋ runduŋuKambera(CMP) dark; night PAN *demdem₂ runoKelabit (Long Napir)(WMP) melt, liquefy PWMP *Runaw rúnotBikol(WMP) crushed or smashed into smaller pieces; mashed (something soft, such as a potato, fruit) PPH *rúnut runtasMalay(WMP) sever with a jerk PMP *rutas rúnutHanunóo(WMP) pulverization, smashing, crushing PPH *rúnut runutIban(WMP) long black fibres under leaf-butts of palms, esp. Arenga spp. PMP *Runut runutManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) to overripen a fruit; of the fruit, to be overripe PPH *rúnut runutYamdena(CMP) jutelike fibrous material of the coconut tree PMP *Runut runut-enIlokano(WMP) to consume; wear out through constant use PPH *rúnut ruŋkepManggarai(CMP) cover over, as with a dish cover PMP *Ruŋkeb ruŋkohIban(WMP) drooping (as paddy) PWMP *ru(ŋ)kuq ruŋkuʔMongondow(WMP) bent, bowed (of the back, through old age) PWMP *ru(ŋ)kuq ruŋkukOld Javanese(WMP) hunched, huddled, crouching PMP *duŋkuk ruŋkuŋJavanese(WMP) walk with a bent back PAN *du(ŋ)kuŋ ruoMurut (Tagol)(WMP) two PMP *duha ruoAmara(OC) two POC *rua ruoAnuta(OC) hole PMP *luaŋ₁ ruoKaniet(OC) two POC *rua ruoMarshallese(OC) two POC *rua ruo-hEre(OC) two POC *rua ruokTabun(WMP) chest PAN *Rusuk ruo ŋo-oporMurut (Timugon)(WMP) twenty PMP *ŋa ruo-vriTsou(Formosan) come back, return PAN *wili rupPenchal(OC) sugarcane POC *na topu rúpakIlokano(WMP) battle PMP *rumpak rup-anKelabit(WMP) watering hole for animals in the jungle PWMP *hiRup-an rupasKavalan(Formosan) peach PAN *lupas₁ rup-enKelabit(WMP) is sipped by, will be sipped by PWMP *hiRup-en rupitBalinese(WMP) small PWMP *rupit rupitMongondow(WMP) narrow (of an opening or doorway) PWMP *rupit rupitJavanese(WMP) narrow (as a footpath) PWMP *rupit ruqnawKavalan(Formosan) clouded leopard PAN *lukeNaw rurNumfor(SHWNG) juice of fruits; decoction produced from boiling leaves; boiled water PMP *zuRuq ruraNgadha(CMP) spittle, saliva PMP *ludaq ruraŋMandar(WMP) cargo PMP *lujan ruri-East Damar(CMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruriLuang(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ruriSaparua(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ruriWetan(CMP) thorn, bone, leaf-rib PMP *duRi ruri(n)Erai(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ruri-nTugun(CMP) thorn; bone PMP *duRi rur-niRoma(CMP) bone PMP *duRi ru-roMoor(SHWNG) two PMP *duha rur-rur-saWest Damar(CMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruruAnuta(OC) hawk; owl POC *druru ruruArosi(OC) to call together (as an assembly); to come together, collect, crowd, gather, swarm PPH *ruru₃ ruruHula(OC) rib PAN *Rusuk ruruKove(OC) to suck POC *susup ruruKelabit (Long Napir)(WMP) slide back, as when climbing a slippery tree PWMP *rusrus₂ ruruManam(OC) milk; breast (of a woman) PAN *susu₁ ruruMaori(OC) take shelter; sheltered POC *ruruŋ ruruMaori(OC) to tie, tie together; to draw closer together; close together PPH *ruru₃ ruruMotu(OC) to hold back, slacken the speed of a boat (of an oar, or anything dragging) POC *ruru₁ ruruNias(WMP) rustling sound (of someone pushing through vegetation, earth descending in a landslide, etc.) PWMP *rusrus₁ ruruRotuman(OC) owl POC *druru ruruSinaugoro(OC) to suck POC *susup ruruTsou(Formosan) shin bone PAN *luluj ruru ~ ruru-ruruMaori(OC) owl: Ninox novaseelandiae POC *druru ru-rua ~ rua-ruaLau(OC) undecided POC *rua rua₂ ruru-rao'Āre'āre(OC) kind of nettle POC *latoŋ ru-ruruRoviana(OC) a species of owl POC *druru ruru-ruruMotu(OC) disturbed, as the surface of the sea by a wind after a calm POC *ruru₂ rurusManobo (Western Bukidnon)(WMP) slide downward, slide something downward PWMP *durus ru-rusuk-enIlokano(WMP) to eructate fetidly PAN *Rusuk rurutIban(WMP) strip by drawing between fingers PWMP *rudrud ru-rutaArosi(OC) throw a volley of spears POC *lusa rusaAtayal (Squliq)(Formosan) two PAN *duSa rusaʔIban(WMP) Sambhur: Cervus unicolor Kerr. PWMP *uRsa rusaMalay(WMP) deer, specifically the sambhur, Cervus equinus PWMP *uRsa rusa b-enuaŋMalay(WMP) a big-bodied Cervus equinus PAN *qiNuaŋ rushaqThao(Formosan) tears PAN *luSeq RusiKavalan(Formosan) tears PAN *luSeq RusipanKavalan(Formosan) centipede PAN *qalu-Sipan rusoʔAcehnese(WMP) ribs (of the body, of a leaf, a roof); side, border PAN *Rusuk rusokIban(WMP) side, flank PAN *Rusuk rúsokIlokano(WMP) epigastrium, pit of the stomach; abdomen; concavity PAN *Rusuk rusokMalay(WMP) flank; side; region of the ribs PAN *Rusuk rusrúsIlokano(WMP) to lower, to slip down (a garment, without unfastening or unbuttoning) PWMP *rusrus₂ rusrusToba Batak(WMP) slowly slip or slide down PWMP *rusrus₂ rusu'Āre'āre(OC) the ribs of a canoe, cut out of a slab of hardwood, used to strengthen the canoe and to support the seats PAN *Rusuk rusuArosi(OC) supports for seats of canoe PAN *Rusuk rusuBimanese(CMP) pierce, stab PMP *rusuk rusuKamarian(CMP) rib PAN *Rusuk *rusuPBun(WMP) thin, scrawny (person, animal) PAN *Rusuk rusuʔSangil(WMP) rib PAN *Rusuk rusukDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) string meat on a line PMP *rusuk rusukDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) spars of house roof used to support the thatch PAN *Rusuk rusukKaro Batak(WMP) rib beams of the roof PAN *Rusuk *RusukPSan(WMP) rib; thin (of person) PAN *Rusuk rusukSelaru(CMP) rib PAN *Rusuk rusukToba Batak(WMP) ribs PAN *Rusuk rusúkToba Batak(WMP) impaled PAN *Rusuk rusukYamdena(CMP) rib PAN *Rusuk *rusukPSS(WMP) ribs PAN *Rusuk rusuk baraToba Batak(WMP) the transverse beams placed through the posts under a Batak house so that carabaos can’t enter the space PAN *Rusuk rusuk keseYamdena(CMP) floating rib PAN *Rusuk rusuk silaoDairi-Pakpak Batak(WMP) side, flank; armpit PAN *Rusuk rusutSinghi Land Dayak(WMP) slip PWMP *lucut ruta'Āre'āre(OC) to charge, load, carry a load POC *Rucan ruta'Āre'āre(OC) to charge, load, carry a load PMP *lujan rutā'Āre'āre(OC) a load, charge, cargo PMP *lujan rutaArosi(OC) load a canoe, carry to canoe and stow PMP *lujan rutaArosi(OC) to load a canoe, carry to canoe and stow; cargo, to carry cargo POC *Rucan ruta-nia'Āre'āre(OC) to load, charge POC *Rucan rutokSiraya(Formosan) rabbit, hare PAN *lutuk₁ rutoŋSiraya(Formosan) monkey PAN *luCuŋ rutuAnakalangu(CMP) grass PMP *dukut₂ rutuHawu(CMP) knee PMP *qulu tuhud₁ RutuŋKavalan(Formosan) Formosan rock monkey PAN *luCuŋ ruu-hŋuzuTsou(Formosan) to swim PAN *Naŋuy ruukKelabit(WMP) chest PAN *Rusuk ruukLun Dayeh(WMP) chest PAN *Rusuk ruvaŋPuyuma (Tamalakaw)(Formosan) a hole PAN *lubaŋ₁ ruvuPaiwan (Tjuabu)(Formosan) a nest PAN *Rubu ruvu-ruvuPaiwan (Western)(Formosan) nest; prison PAN *Rubu ruwYapese(OC) two POC *rua ruwa-Carolinian(OC) the number two as a combining form POC *rua rúwaChuukese(OC) two POC *rua ruwaŋTiruray(WMP) the inner surface of a canoe; the surface of the earth PWMP *Ruqaŋ ruwėUlithian(OC) two POC *rua ruwiTombonuwo(WMP) thorn PMP *duRi ruwitJavanese(WMP) barb (of a hook), sharp (of blades) PWMP *ruit ruwoTiruray(WMP) two PMP *duha ŕuwoowPuluwat(OC) numeral, two (general) POC *rua ruwo-ruwoTiruray(WMP) unable to decide between two alternatives PMP *duha duha₂ ruyanMa'anyan(WMP) durian PWMP *duRi-an rúyoŋBikol(WMP) bent (referring to branches of trees) PWMP *duyuŋ₁ rúyuŋHanunóo(WMP) falling, as of bamboos when cut PWMP *ruyuŋ₁ ruyuŋTontemboan(WMP) dugong: Halicore dugong; according to folktales the dugong was originally a Bantik, so that the Bantiks do not eat it PMP *duyuŋ₂ ruzaThao(Formosan) boat, canoe PAN *aluja ruzuŋRembong(CMP) dugong: Halicore dugong PCEMP *ruyuŋ₂ rvorəTsou(Formosan) flying squirrel PAN *lawaR rwaOld Javanese(WMP) two PMP *duha rwa-ŋ-puluhOld Javanese(WMP) twenty PMP *ŋa rwa-rwaOld Javanese(WMP) by twos (?) PMP *duha duha₁ rwi ~ riOld Javanese(WMP) thorn, thorny plant PMP *duRi ryobaMunggui(SHWNG) to fly PMP *Rebek |
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ n ñ ŋ o p q r s t u v w x y z ʔ
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content)
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-w_r.htm