 | Introduction Index to Sets Cognate Sets Finderlist Subgroups Languages Words Proto-form indexes References+ Roots Loans Near Noise Formosan |
Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Proto-form indexes
(click on a *proto-form for its cognate set)
| PAN 1772 | PMP 3748 | PWMP 7368 | PPH 1973 | PCEMP 2987 | PCMP 2160 | PEMP 1780 | PSHWNG 431 | POC 2636 | combined 24855 |
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a b d e g h i k l m n ñ ŋ o p q r R s t u w z *abat₃ PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG wound, to wound 6 *adiRi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC housepost 4965 *ajek PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC smell, sniff, kiss 11884 *aku PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 1sg nominative; I 90 *alaq₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fetch, get, take 108 *aluten PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC burning brand; charred or smoldering wood 7793 *ami PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive) 9702 *añam PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC plait (mats, baskets, etc.) 388 *apen PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fishing line 2578 *api PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fire 5038 *aRezan PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG notched log ladder 2588 *aRuhu PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC a shore tree: Casuarina equisetifolia 301 *asa₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG one 305 *asa₂ PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG one (of humans) 2408 *asaŋ₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC gills 2591 *asaq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sharpen, rub, grate 5069 *ated PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG accompany, escort, conduct, convey; send; return; escort the bride to her husband; gift of food at a wedding; send bridewealth payments 11888 *aya₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband 8678 *baba₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC carry a person pick-a-back; ride pick-a-back 434 *babak₁ PEMP PSHWNG POC strike, chip stone 3596 *babaq₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC lower surface, bottom; short, low; below, beneath, under 421 *ba-b<in>ahi PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC woman; female 6944 *bail PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG a plant: Falcataria Moluccana 4072 *bak₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG negative marker 489 *bakbak₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sound of heavy clapping or pounding, smacking sound 477 *bala₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC pen, enclosure for domesticated animals 516 *bales₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG to answer, retaliate; reciprocate good or evil 531 *balun₁ PEMP PSHWNG POC mix 581 *banua PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC inhabited land, territory supporting the life of a community 631 *bañaw PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC wash the hands 755 *baŋun₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC wake someone, rouse someone from sleep; erect something, put something in an upright position 788 *baqagi PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property 638 *baqoRu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC new, recent; young, fresh 647 *bara₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC pen, enclosure for domesticated animals 677 *baRa₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC hand, arm 673 *baRa₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC pen, enclosure for domesticated animals 675 *bataŋ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC tree trunk, fallen tree, log; stem of a plant; body; corpse; self; bridge of the nose; most important or preeminent thing; main course of a river; mushroom or bracket fungus that grows on tree trunks or decaying logs 6481 *batu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC stone; testicle; kind of banana; numeral classifier for teeth (?) 6486 *batuk₃ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC skull 6667 *bantun PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG pull up, as out of a pit or out of water 7086 *beŋkeR PEMP PSHWNG POC defecate 1933 *beŋbeŋ₄ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC butterfly 10180 *beRek PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC domesticated pig 965 *betek₃ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC thorn; stinger of stingray 988 *b<in>ai PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC woman, female 6942 *biŋaq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC kind of volute shell 1303 *biRaq₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC wild taro, elephant's ear or itching taro, Alocasia spp.; sexual itch 1219 *bisik₂ PSHWNG sick; illness 1265 *bisul PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG boil, abscess 1268 *bities PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG lower leg (below the knee); calf of the leg 1284 *bitil₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG hungry; starve 1288 *bituka PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG stomach; large intestine 1107 *bituqen PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC star 1295 *bobo₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG upper surface, top, above 734 *bokes PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC bundle; package 977 *bolaj PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC spread out, unroll (mats, etc.); wide 857 *boRe PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG give 959 *boRse PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC canoe paddle, paddle a canoe 983 *buaq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fruit; areca palm and nut; grain; berry; seed; nut; endosperm of a sprouting coconut; kidney; heart; finger; calf of the leg; testicle; various insects; scar tissue; roe; bud; flower; blossom; bear fruit; words, speech, or songs; meaning, contents of discussion; numeral classifier for roundish objects; buttock; Adam's apple; nipple of the breast; button; marble; tattooing 1331 *bubu₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC conical bamboo basket trap for fish 1366 *bubu₆ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal term of address) 1370 *bubuŋ-an PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC roof; ridge of the roof 1375 *bukbuk₃ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice; dust produced by the boring of this insect; tooth decay, dental caries 1489 *buŋkul PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG swelling; lump or bump under the skin; wad of something 1898 *bulan₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC unnaturally white, albino 1550 *bulan₃ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC moon, month; menstruation; shell disk collar piece 1534 *bulaw-an PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG gold 1561 *bulu₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC body hair; fur; feather; down; antenna of insect or crustacean; spikes of sea urchin; floss on plant skins, color; type, kind 1609 *buluq₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC type of slender bamboo; Schizostachyum spp. 1601 *bunuq₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC throw at, hit, strike with a sharp object; kill; extinguish (a fire) 1685 *buŋ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG deep resounding sound 1918 *buŋa PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC flower, blossom; to flower, bear flowers; yield a benefit (as interest on a loan); first-born child; cotton; vulva (refined or evasive), skin rash, prickly heat; speckled (of fish); kidneys 1871 *buqaya PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC crocodile; seahorse 1712 *buRaw PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG drive off, chase away, expel 1737 *busuR₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC hunting bow; bow-like instrument used to card kapok fiber 1798 *buu₂ PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC conch shell trumpet 1845 *dalem PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC insides, area within, inner part of something; between; below, under; deep; mind, feelings, liver (fig.) 7108 *dalij PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC buttress root 2189 *daqan₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC branch, bough 7201 *daRaq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC blood; to bleed; menstruate 7205 *dedap PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG a tree: Erythrina spp. 2218 *demdem₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC gloom, darkness; dark, overcast, gloomy 7567 *deŋeR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to hear, listen; obey; hear about; news; fame, famous; to feel, perceive through any sense other than sight 8249 *depah PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fathom 7748 *diŋdiŋ₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG cold 11769 *duha PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC two 7875 *emis₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG sweet taste 2336 *emis₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG sweet taste 2647 *empu PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner 2340 *eRiq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG sword grass: Imperata cylindrica 2399 *esa PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC one 2406 *gaRuk PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG scratch up, scrape up 11484 *gekgek PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC animal sound 2484 *habaRat PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC southwest monsoon 4954 *hadiRi bubuŋ-an PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG center post, main housepost 4967 *ia₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it 2785 *i-aku PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 1sg., I, me 11661 *iap PSHWNG kind of brown fish 2780 *iaqi PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC demonstrative marker of uncertain meaning 2781 *ikan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fish 5254 *ima₂ PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting 2868 *ina PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC mother, mother's sister; female animal; largest member of a set 2889 *i-na PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC that, there 3656 *inum PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC act of drinking 2912 *ipun₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG tiny sea fish that ascends rivers in huge numbers to spawn 2699 *ira PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC they, them 12049 *iri PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG then, at that time 12051 *irid₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fan; to fan 2953 *isa₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC one 2965 *i-sai PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC who? 8848 *ised PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG budge, shift, move aside 2974 *iseR PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG budge, shift, move aside 2979 *isu₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG budge, shift, move aside 3001 *isug PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC clean oneself by scrubbing 2708 *isuR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG budge, shift, move aside 2994 *isut₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG rub, scour, scrub 2998 *ita₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC we (incl.) 3004 *kandoRa PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG cuscus, phalanger 6745 *kaen PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC eat 8008 *kaen kaen PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG (gloss uncertain) 8039 *kahu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 2sg., you 9765 *kali- PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world (cf. *kali₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC a hole in the ground; to dig up, excavate, as tubers 7703 *kamay PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC hand 3090 *kamet PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG do with the hand 9809 *k-ami PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun, we (exclusive) 9705 *kamu₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 2pl. nominative, you all 9710 *kanari PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC tree with edible nut, the Canarium almond: Canarium commune 9942 *kanaway PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC kind of white bird: probably gull sp. 3102 *kanisu PEMP PSHWNG POC to spit at (as an insult?) 8206 *kanon₁ PSHWNG to eat, consume 8034 *kanus PEMP PSHWNG POC spittle; to spit (intr.) 7014 *kampuŋ PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC abdomen, belly 10000 *kaRa PEMP PSHWNG POC member of the parrot family 9923 *kaRat PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to bite 7713 *kasaw₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC rafter, diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed 7637 *kayu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC wood; tree 7796 *kazupay PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC rat 6763 *keRan₂ PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG hawksbill turtle: Chelonia imbricata 9997 *kiDkiD PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to file, rasp 10012 *k-ita PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC we (incl.) 11768 *kita₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to see 8527 *-ku PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 1sg genitive (marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me) 8769 *kuden PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC clay cooking pot 6510 *kulit PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC skin; hide; rind; bark 7214 *kuluR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC breadfruit 7651 *kuRita PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC octopus 7149 *kutaña PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG ask, inquire about 3307 *kutu₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC head louse; sparks from a fire; water striker (insect that walks on water) 7641 *lakaj PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to stride, take a step 7850 *lakaw PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to be in motion; go, walk 7859 *laman PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG deep, of the sea; deep sea 6805 *laŋaw PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC bluebottle, blowfly, horsefly 7574 *laŋit PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sky 7529 *laqia PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ginger 6972 *laRiw PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG run, run away, flee, escape 3361 *lauŋ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG howl 3370 *laur PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC toward the sea 7040 *lawaq₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC spider; spiderweb 8178 *lawas₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG wide, broad 3371 *layaR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sail 7409 *leseq PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG nit, egg of a louse 3433 *liket PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG sticky, adhesive 3464 *lima PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC five 7384 *lima-lima PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC five by five, in groups of five 7404 *limas PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC bail out a canoe 8534 *lipen PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC tooth 7105 *liqə PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG voice 6770 *liteq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG sap of a tree or plant 3480 *luaq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC spit out (food, substances alien to the body), to spew 8161 *lumut PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC moss, algae, seaweed 7757 *lusuŋ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG rice mortar 11037 *lusuŋ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG rice mortar 11766 *ma-₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC stative prefix 8752 *ma-b<in>ahi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC female, woman 11824 *madar PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ripe, overripe 6860 *ma-esak PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC cooked, ripe 2404 *ma-katel PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG itchy 12021 *malaw PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC paper mulberry tree: Brousonnetia papyrifera, used to make bark cloth; men’s loincloth made from this material 6775 *malip PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC laugh, smile 6773 *maluRu PEMP PSHWNG POC shade 7032 *mama PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle; a young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of *mamaq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut; premasticate food to give to an infant; premasticated food 8748 *ma-mawab PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to yawn 5366 *ma-mayaq PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC shy, embarrassed, ashamed 5208 *mamin₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC a fish: wrasse spp. 3567 *ma-nipis PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC thin (of materals) 12577 *manuk PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC chicken 6949 *manu(k)-manuk PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG bird 6951 *ma-nunuh PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG to roast 2135 *ma-panas PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC warm, hot 3795 *ma-putiq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG white 7946 *maqasin PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC salty, brackish 4310 *ma-qitem, ma-qetem PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC black; dirty 4591 *ma-qosak PEMP PSHWNG POC ripe; cooked; ready to eat 4480 *ma-riRi PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG to stand, be standing 12076 *ma-Raŋu PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC dry 4855 *ma-Raqan PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG light in weight 4827 *ma-Ruqanay PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC male 4939 *masak PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ripe, cooked 11887 *maS PAN PMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC and 3572 *mata PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC eye, face, focal point, center or most prominent part; hole, aperture; doorway, window; budding part of plant; ‘eye’ of coconut; knot in wood; sun; core of a boil; blade of a knife; to awaken; operculum of a snail; mesh of a net; eye of a needle; noose of a trap; hearth; direction of the wind; head of a river; spring, source; lid, cover 8602 *ma-takut PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fearful, afraid 7427 *m-atay m-atay PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC die in throngs; be on the verge of death 68 *matay₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC die; dead 39 *matu PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC dry coconut 8922 *ma-tuduR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sleeping; to sleep 8361 *ma-tunuh PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG roasted 2134 *ma-tuqah PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC old, of people; very, extremely; to die, dead (euphemism) 8508 *mawa PEMP PSHWNG POC a cleft, space between two rocks 6960 *mawab PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to yawn, yawning 5363 *mekmek PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC broken to bits 3582 *meñak PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fat, grease; ointment 6846 *molaŋ PEMP PSHWNG POC true, real, genuine 6961 *mutu₂ PEMP PSHWNG POC broken off, cut off 7405 *n-ami PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *nanaq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC pus 7222 *natu PEMP PSHWNG POC child, offspring 10934 *nepuq PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC stonefish 6514 *niniq₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG sandfly 11955 *nipen PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC tooth 7136 *nipis PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC thinness (of materials) 8672 *niuR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC coconut 7013 *nusa₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC island 7054 *ñiñik PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC tiny biting insect 11941 *ŋajan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC name 7494 *onəm PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC six 7766 *pa-₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC causative prefix 9461 *pa-bunuq PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG killer, one who kills 1695 *pajay PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG rice in the field; rice plant 7675 *pa(ka)-m-atay PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC kill; commit suicide (?) 46 *pa(ka)-salaq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to blame, accuse of error or fault; to punish 8199 *pa-laRiw PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG run away, flee; flight, escape; fugitive 3363 *pa-layaR PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to sail 7411 *panaq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC throw something at a target; shoot with bow and arrow 6474 *panas₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC warm, hot 3794 *panaw₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin: Tinea flava or Pityriasis 3800 *panaw₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC go, walk away, depart 7929 *paniki PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG fruit bat, flying fox: Pteropus spp. 3809 *pa(n)tar₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC shelf; bed frame of wooden or bamboo laths 3908 *paŋan PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC food; to feed 11176 *paŋedan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC pandanus 3916 *papan PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC plank, board; floor boards of house 8152 *paqa₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC stalk or stem of a plant 7510 *paRa₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC storage shelf; attic, loft 3845 *paRa₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG collective particle 3848 *paRi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC stingray 3861 *paRi- PEMP PSHWNG POC prefix of reciprocal or collective action 3865 *pa-susu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC give the breast to, nurse a child 7629 *pat PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC four 5163 *pa-takut PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG to frighten, make afraid 7430 *pat-i PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC four 5188 *patoto PEMP PSHWNG POC sticks that connect the float to the booms of an outrigger canoe 8336 *peNuq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC full, of a container 6986 *peñu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC the green turtle, Chelonia mydas 7001 *peRes PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing 7513 *pia₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC goodness 8639 *pijax PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC interrogative of quantity: how much?, how many?; adjective of indefinite quantity: some, several, a few 8047 *pitu pitu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC seven by seven, seven at a time 8327 *pitu₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC seven 8310 *poli PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC value, price; marriage prestations, brideprice; purchase 911 *puket₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC dragnet 8399 *pula₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG red 4030 *pulaq PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG red 4029 *puŋu PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC bunch, cluster (of grain, fruit, areca nuts, etc.) 4082 *pusej PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC navel, umbilicus; mid-point or center of something 7937 *putaR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG to turn 8560 *punti₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC banana 7783 *putiq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG white 7943 *qabaRa₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC shoulder; carry on the shoulder 4088 *qabateR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sago grub 4094 *qabu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ash, hearth, cinder, powder, dust; gray 4115 *qalipan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC centipede 4188 *qalunan PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG wooden headrest, pillow 4178 *qanahaw PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG sugar palm: Arenga spp. 4204 *qanunu PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC shadow 4244 *qapuR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC lime, calcium 4267 *qaqay PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC foot, leg 4273 *qaRuhu PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG a shore tree: Casuarina equisetifolia 4290 *qaRus PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC current, flow 4291 *qasawa PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC spouse: husband, wife 4294 *qasiN PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG saltiness, salty taste 4308 *qasiRa PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC salt 4325 *qasu₃ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC smoke, fumes, steam; to smoke (as a fire) 4335 *qatay PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC liver; seat of the emotions, inner self: core, mind, will, desire, feeling, intelligence, understanding; to want or wish; hollow of the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; pith, as of bamboo 4125 *qateluR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC egg; testicle 4345 *qatep PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC roof, thatch 4348 *qatimun PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG cucumber: Cucumis sativa L. 4358 *qatip₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG pinch, squeeze, press together 4362 *qayam₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG bird 4386 *qayawan PEMP PSHWNG POC banyan, strangler fig 4389 *qenay PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sand 4450 *qenəp PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG lie down to sleep 4469 *qiduS PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG spoon, ladle 4532 *qinep PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC lie down to sleep 4555 *qiteluR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC egg; testicle 4522 *qitem PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC black 4589 *quay PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC rattan, Calamus sp. 4614 *qubi PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC yam: Dioscorea alata Linn. 4625 *qudaŋ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC shrimp, crayfish, lobster 4632 *qulej PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC maggot, caterpillar, larva of a metamorphosing insect 7200 *qulu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC head; top part; leader, chief; headwaters; handle of a bladed implement; prow of a boat; first, first-born; hair of the head 4675 *qulu ni wahiR PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG headwaters of a river 4685 *qulu-an PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG head-end, upper part 4681 *quma PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC swiddden; work a swidden 4688 *qunap₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC scale of fish, turtle shell 7158 *qunep PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC scales of fish or snake 4718 *qutaŋ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG debt 4757 *qutin PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC penis 4769 *qutub PEMP PSHWNG POC submerge a container to fill it 4772 *quzan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC rain 4780 *raun PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC leaf; head hair; classifier used in counting certain types of objects 6925 *riris PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG cut, slice 12077 *ruyuŋ₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC dugong 7687 *Rambia PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sago palm 4818 *Rabiqi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC late afternoon, evening; evening meal; yesterday 9029 *Rabut PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC uproot, pull out by the roots 10682 *Rakit PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG lay long objects side by side; raft 8685 *Rames PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG squeeze, knead 4819 *Raŋaw₂ PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to dry up, wither 12617 *Rebek PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to fly 4863 *Ruab PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG high tide, tidal flow 8169 *Rumaq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC house 7303 *Rusuk PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ribcage 8475 *sakaRu PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC reef 4983 *sakay₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC catch a ride, join a group, ride on something 5120 *sakay₄ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to climb, ascend, rise up 9489 *sakit PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG sick, painful 8337 *sala PEMP PSHWNG POC sharp-pointed object, possibly sea urchin 9492 *salaq₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC wrong, in error (of behavior); miss (a target); mistake, error, fault 8193 *saŋa₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC crotch, fork of the legs; span, fork of the fingers 8804 *sa-ŋa-puluq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ten 6906 *sapu PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to wipe off or brush off; broom 9257 *sa-puluq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ten 6905 *saRman PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC outrigger float 8453 *saRu₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC comb 5059 *sauq₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC anchor 8132 *seŋseŋ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC cork, stopper, plug 5237 *sepat PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC go past, go beyond 9401 *siDsiD PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG sail along the coast, follow the coast in voyaging 7679 *sinaR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ray of light, sunbeam 7270 *sira PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC they, them 12050 *siwa PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC nine 9165 *sombu PEMP PSHWNG go down, descend 9502 *solat PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG passage for a boat? 7689 *sua₂ PEMP PSHWNG POC to stir 9505 *suak PEMP PSHWNG POC to backpaddle a canoe; walk backwards 9504 *sukun PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG breadfruit sp. 9247 *suli₁ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC plant shoot, sprout, cutting 8281 *suŋut₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG labial circle 5462 *supi PEMP PSHWNG POC to peel, pare, as yams 9408 *suqan PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC digging stick 8274 *sura PEMP PSHWNG POC comb 6962 *susu₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC female breast; udder 7625 *tabuRi PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC conch shell trumpet 7935 *talas PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG break, burst 5480 *taliŋa PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC ear; kind of tree fungus 1974 *t-amax PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC father 139 *tamtam PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG smack the lips 5505 *tanem PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC grave; to bury; to plant 7438 *tanem-i PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG to plant on or in 7452 *taneq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC earth, soil, land 8059 *taŋis PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC weep, cry; mourn 2040 *t-ampu PEMP PSHWNG POC grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal) 280 *taqi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC feces, excrement 2005 *taqun PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC year, season 8767 *taRaq₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC hewing with an adze 8137 *taRutuŋ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC porcupine fish, puffer fish, Diodon sp. 5519 *tasik PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sea, saltwater 8768 *tata₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC collateral consanguine of the first ascending generation 10523 *tatuqu PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC true, real 10598 *tawan PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC kind of fruit tree: Pometia pinnata 7083 *taytay PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC single log bridge (?) 8390 *tazim PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sharp point; to whet, 10487 *tebek PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG pierce, stab 5543 *tebuh₁ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sugarcane: Saccharum officinarum 7953 *tebuh₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC sugarcane: Saccharum officinarum 2055 *tek PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC thump! 10525 *tektek₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG gecko, house lizard (onom.) 5566 *t-empu PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG grandparent/grandchild (ref.) 2349 *teRab PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC a belch 2073 *timuR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC southeast monsoon 7785 *t-ina PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC mother (ref.) 2902 *tinana PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC big, huge; superlative 10513 *t<in>aqi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC small intestine 2007 *tinoni PEMP PSHWNG POC man, male 10838 *tiRem PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG oyster 8502 *tobV PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fishnet float 6868 *tolu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC three 8415 *tosi PEMP PSHWNG POC draw, make marks or designs 10520 *tubuq, tumbuq PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC grow, germinate, sprout 2107 *tu(n)daŋ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG to sit 5698 *tuduR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to sleep 8357 *tuhuR PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC stringing of beads, skewering of fish, etc. 2150 *tuktuk₃ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to knock, pound, beat; crush 10573 *tuna PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC freshwater eel 8374 *tunu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC roast food over a fire 2123 *tuqah PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC old, of people; mature, as fruit 8506 *tuqed PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG tree stump; stubble 5682 *tuqu₂ PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC true, real; truly, really 9753 *tuRi₂ PEMP PSHWNG POC the candlenut tree: Aleurites moluccana 10707 *tutuh PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC beat, pound, bump, thump 9026 *u₂ PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG POC 2sg. subject pronoun 5465 *um-ai PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to come 7829 *um-aRi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to come 299 *umel PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG speechless, dumb, mute 5796 *unum PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC drink 5816 *upe PEMP PSHWNG POC end of tuber that is kept for planting 5829 *upi PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC to blow 5833 *upu PEMP PSHWNG POC germinating coconut (?) 5838 *uRas PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG wash body parts, cooking or eating utensils (but not clothes) 5436 *uRat PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC artery, blood vessel, blood vein; muscle; nerve; sinew; tendon; fiber; vein of a leaf; grain of wood; strand (of thread, rope); fishing line; root 5842 *utaña PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG ask, inquire 5875 *utik PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG marine fish with thorny skin 5878 *wai PMP PWMP PCEMP PEMP PSHWNG mango 5928 *waip PEMP PSHWNG POC water container 5927 *waiR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC fresh water 5919 *waŋka PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC outrigger canoe with dugout hull 5984 *wakaR PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC root 5931 *wakaR-i PEMP PSHWNG POC root 5933 *wakat PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC mangrove root 5936 *walu PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC eight 5943 *wanan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC right (side, hand, direction) 5957 *wanan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC right (side, hand, direction) 9474 *wa(n)se PEMP PSHWNG POC divide 5987 *waqay PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC foot, leg 5962 *waRej PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC vine, creeper 5964 *wiRi PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG left side or direction 5998 *zalan PAN PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC path, made by a human as opposed to an animal; way or means to do something; wake of a boat; the Milky Way 7590 *zauq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC far 8103 *zuRuq PMP PWMP PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC juice; sap; gravy; soup 7635 |
a b d e g h i k l m n ñ ŋ o p q r R s t u w z
PAN PMP PWMP PPh PCEMP PCMP PEMP PSHWNG POC combined
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) –
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-pl_pshwng.htm