 | Introduction Index to Sets Cognate Sets Finderlist Subgroups Languages Words Proto-form indexes References+ Roots Loans Near Noise Formosan |
Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Proto-form indexes: combined
(click on a *proto-form for its cognate set)
| PAN 1772 | PMP 3748 | PWMP 7368 | PPH 1973 | PCEMP 2987 | PCMP 2160 | PEMP 1780 | PSHWNG 431 | POC 2636 | combined 24855 |
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na *-na PAN distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there; then 3655 *-na PMP distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there; then 3655 *-na PWMP distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there; then 3655 *-na PCEMP distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there; then 3655 *-na PCMP distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there; then 3655 *-na PEMP distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there; then 3655 *-na POC distal spatio-temporal deixis: that, there; then 3655 *na qutin POC penis 4770 *na topu POC sugarcane 7954 *na₁ PMP common noun article 3653 *na₁ PWMP common noun article 3653 *na₁ PCEMP common noun article 3653 *na₁ PCMP common noun article 3653 *na₁ PEMP common noun article 3653 *na₁ POC common noun article 3653 *na₂ PAN linker marking emphatic attribution 3654 *na₂ PMP linker marking emphatic attribution 3654 *na₂ PWMP linker marking emphatic attribution 3654 *na₃ PAN genitive of plural personal names 8693 *na₃ PMP genitive of plural personal names 8693 *na₃ PWMP genitive of plural personal names 8693 *na₃ PCEMP genitive of plural personal names 8693 *na₃ PEMP genitive of plural personal names 8693 *na₃ POC genitive of plural personal names 8693 *na₄ PMP already 11942 *na₄ PWMP already 11942 *na₄ PCEMP already 11942 *na₄ PCMP already 11942 *na₄ PEMP already 11942 *na₄ POC already 11942 *na₅ PMP conjunction: and 8755 *na₅ PWMP conjunction: and 8755 *na₅ PCEMP conjunction: and 8755 *na₅ PCMP conjunction: and 8755 *na₅ PEMP conjunction: and 8755 *na₅ POC conjunction: and 8755 *na-atay PWMP dead 54 *nabek PMP breakers, surf, waves 11943 *nabek PWMP breakers, surf, waves 11943 *nabek PCEMP breakers, surf, waves 11943 *nabek PCMP breakers, surf, waves 11943 *nabuq PMP to fall 3640 *nabuq PWMP to fall 3640 *nabuq PCEMP to fall 3640 *nabuq PCMP to fall 3640 *nadi POC hard stone used to make tools 6780 *nago POC face; front; prow of canoe 8058 *nai POC woman’s grass skirt 11868 *najam PAN accustomed to, familiar with; tame 3641 *najam PMP accustomed to, familiar with; tame 3641 *najam PWMP accustomed to, familiar with; tame 3641 *nakaw PMP steal 3643 *nakaw PWMP steal 3643 *nakaw PCEMP steal 3643 *nakaw PCMP steal 3643 *naku POC 1sg., I, me 12088 *namaw PMP sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon 3645 *namaw PWMP sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon 3645 *namaw PCEMP sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon 3645 *namaw PCMP sheltered water: deep place in a river; cove, harbor, lagoon 3645 *n-ami PAN 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *n-ami PMP 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *n-ami PWMP 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *n-ami PCEMP 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *n-ami PCMP 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *n-ami PEMP 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *n-ami PSHWNG 1pl. excl. genitive, our 9707 *namo POC lagoon 11842 *n-amu PAN 2pl. genitive, your, by you 9711 *namut PMP an evergreen tree with decorative flowers: Cynometra ramiflora L. 11109 *namut PWMP an evergreen tree with decorative flowers: Cynometra ramiflora L. 11109 *namut PCEMP an evergreen tree with decorative flowers: Cynometra ramiflora L. 11109 *namut PCMP an evergreen tree with decorative flowers: Cynometra ramiflora L. 11109 *namut-namut PMP a tree: Cynometra spp. 6886 *namut-namut PWMP a tree: Cynometra spp. 6886 *namut-namut PCEMP a tree: Cynometra spp. 6886 *namut-namut PCMP a tree: Cynometra spp. 6886 *-nan PWMP that 3646 *nana₁ POC that, those 6720 *nana₂ PPH term of address for older female relative 11987 *nanaq PMP pus 7222 *nanaq PWMP pus 7222 *nanaq PCEMP pus 7222 *nanaq PCMP pus 7222 *nanaq PEMP pus 7222 *nanaq PSHWNG pus 7222 *nanaq POC pus 7222 *nanaq-an PWMP having pus 7224 *nanaq-en PWMP to suppurate, of a wound 7225 *nanaw PPH look over a wide area, search for something with the eyes while standing in place 11848 *na-nu PAN what(?) 3703 *na-nu PMP what(?) 3703 *na-nu PWMP what(?) 3703 *naNaq PAN pus 7221 *naŋa₁ PMP estuary, mouth of a river 3658 *naŋa₁ PWMP estuary, mouth of a river 3658 *naŋa₁ PCEMP estuary, mouth of a river 3658 *naŋa₁ PCMP estuary, mouth of a river 3658 *naŋa₂ PMP kind of thick rattan 3659 *naŋa₂ PWMP kind of thick rattan 3659 *naŋa₂ PCEMP kind of thick rattan 3659 *naŋa₂ PCMP kind of thick rattan 3659 *naŋa₃ PCEMP mouth of a river, estuary 1189 *naŋa₃ PCMP mouth of a river, estuary 1189 *naŋuy PMP to swim 8381 *naŋuy PWMP to swim 8381 *naŋuy PCEMP to swim 8381 *naŋuy PCMP to swim 8381 *na-penuq PPH filled 6990 *na-piliq PWMP was chosen; what was chosen, one’s preference 8119 *na-pílay PPH was lame 10864 *napok POC breakers, surf, waves 11944 *nara PMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3649 *nara PWMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3649 *nara PCEMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3649 *nara PCMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3649 *naRa PAN to wait 72 *naRa PMP to wait 72 *naRa PWMP to wait 72 *naRah PMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3648 *naRah PWMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3648 *naRah PCEMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3648 *naRah PCMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3648 *naRah PEMP a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3648 *naRah POC a tree: Pterocarpus indica 3648 *na-sakit PPH was hurt or sick 8345 *nasi PWMP fermented rice 11988 *nasu PMP cook by boiling 8111 *nasu PWMP cook by boiling 8111 *nasu PCEMP cook by boiling 8111 *nasu PCMP cook by boiling 8111 *nasu PEMP cook by boiling 8111 *nasu POC cook by boiling 8111 *nasuk PAN cook by boiling 3650 *nasuk PMP cook by boiling 3650 *nasuk PWMP cook by boiling 3650 *nasuk PCEMP cook by boiling 3650 *nasuk PEMP cook by boiling 3650 *nasuk POC cook by boiling 3650 *natad PMP cleared area around house, cleared ground in village 7287 *natad PWMP cleared area around house, cleared ground in village 7287 *natad PCEMP cleared area around house, cleared ground in village 7287 *natad PCMP cleared area around house, cleared ground in village 7287 *natad PEMP cleared area around house, cleared ground in village 7287 *natar POC space outside the village 9542 *natek PWMP palm flour 11849 *n-aten PPH ours 12056 *nateŋ PMP vegetables 7285 *nateŋ PWMP vegetables 7285 *nati PMP young of animals 3651 *nati PWMP young of animals 3651 *nati PCEMP young of animals 3651 *nati PEMP young of animals 3651 *nati POC young of animals 3651 *natu PEMP child, offspring 10934 *natu PSHWNG child, offspring 10934 *natu POC child, offspring 10934 *natuq PMP ovary of an an oviparous animal 7825 *natuq PWMP ovary of an an oviparous animal 7825 *natuq PCEMP ovary of an an oviparous animal 7825 *natuq PCMP ovary of an an oviparous animal 7825 *natuq PEMP ovary of an an oviparous animal 7825 *natuq POC ovary of an an oviparous animal 7825 *nau PPH to teach, show someone how to do something 12473 *nawnáw PPH to dissolve something in water; swish around in water 11850 *nay PAN deictic particle: this 6644 *nákem PPH will; intellect; reasoning, intention, mental presence, mind 10969 *neknek PMP gnat, sandfly, fruit fly 3661 *neknek PWMP gnat, sandfly, fruit fly 3661 *neknek PCEMP gnat, sandfly, fruit fly 3661 *neknek PEMP gnat, sandfly, fruit fly 3661 *nema PAN what thing? 7324 *nemnem PAN think 3662 *nemnem PMP think 3662 *nemnem PWMP think 3662 *nemnem PCEMP think 3662 *nemnem PEMP think 3662 *nepuq PMP stonefish 6514 *nepuq PWMP stonefish 6514 *nepuq PCEMP stonefish 6514 *nepuq PEMP stonefish 6514 *nepuq PSHWNG stonefish 6514 *-ni PAN proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now 3677 *-ni PMP proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now 3677 *-ni PWMP proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now 3677 *-ni PCEMP proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now 3677 *-ni PCMP proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now 3677 *-ni PEMP proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now 3677 *-ni POC proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now 3677 *ni PAN genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb 8781 *ni PMP genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb 8781 *ni PWMP genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb 8781 *ni PCEMP genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb 8781 *ni PEMP genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb 8781 *ni POC genitive case marker for singular personal names and pronouns; marker of possession, part-to-whole relationships, and agency of a non-actor voice verb 8781 *ni aku PMP 1sg. agent 94 *ni aku PWMP 1sg. agent 94 *ni aku PCEMP 1sg. agent 94 *ni aku PCMP 1sg. agent 94 *ni aku PEMP 1sg. agent 94 *ni ida PWMP of them, by them 2817 *ni-a PAN 3sg. agent/possessor 385 *ni-a PMP 3sg. agent/possessor 385 *ni-a PWMP 3sg. agent/possessor 385 *ni-a PCEMP 3sg. agent/possessor 385 *ni-a PCMP 3sg. agent/possessor 385 *ni-a PEMP 3sg. agent/possessor 385 *ni-a POC 3sg. agent/possessor 385 *nihawa PMP breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break 7968 *nihawa PWMP breath; life force, breath soul; to breathe; breathe easily, feel comfort, be at ease, have ‘breathing room’; to rest, take a break 7968 *ni-ia PAN 3sg. genitive, his, her 12619 *ni-ia PMP 3sg. genitive, his, her 12619 *ni-ia PWMP 3sg. genitive, his, her 12619 *ni-ia PCEMP 3sg. genitive, his, her 12619 *ni-ia PCMP 3sg. genitive, his, her 12619 *ni-ia PEMP 3sg. genitive, his, her 12619 *ni-ia POC 3sg. genitive, his, her 12619 *ni-ima PAN whose? 8840 *niket PMP sticky, adhesive 3667 *niket PWMP sticky, adhesive 3667 *niket PCEMP sticky, adhesive 3667 *niket PCMP sticky, adhesive 3667 *ni-ku PMP 1sg genitive (marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me) 8770 *ni-ku PWMP 1sg genitive (marker of non-subject agency and possession; my; by me) 8770 *nilaw PMP bright light 3669 *nilaw PWMP bright light 3669 *nilaw PCEMP bright light 3669 *nilaw PCMP bright light 3669 *nilu PMP intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit; for teeth to be on edge 8149 *nilu PWMP intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit; for teeth to be on edge 8149 *nilu PCEMP intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit; for teeth to be on edge 8149 *nilu PCMP intense sensation in teeth when eating sour fruit; for teeth to be on edge 8149 *nimas PAN bailer in a canoe 8539 *nimas PMP bailer in a canoe 8539 *nimas PWMP bailer in a canoe 8539 *nimas PCEMP bailer in a canoe 8539 *nimas PEMP bailer in a canoe 8539 *nimas POC bailer; to bail water from a canoe 8540 *nini PCEMP shake, tremble, rock 7160 *nini PCMP shake, tremble, rock 7160 *nini PEMP shake, tremble, rock 7160 *nini POC shake, tremble, rock 7160 *ninih PMP shake, tremble, rock 3670 *ninih PWMP shake, tremble, rock 3670 *niniŋ PCEMP clear, of water 11958 *niniŋ PCMP clear, of water 11958 *niniq₁ PMP plant sp.: Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets 3671 *niniq₁ PWMP plant sp.: Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets 3671 *niniq₁ PCEMP plant sp.: Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets 3671 *niniq₁ PCMP plant sp.: Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets 3671 *niniq₁ PEMP plant sp.: Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets 3671 *niniq₁ POC plant sp.: Donax canniformis, used as material for making baskets 3671 *niniq₂ PMP sandfly 11955 *niniq₂ PWMP sandfly 11955 *niniq₂ PCEMP sandfly 11955 *niniq₂ PCMP sandfly 11955 *niniq₂ PEMP sandfly 11955 *niniq₂ PSHWNG sandfly 11955 *niŋal PMP echo 3684 *niŋal PWMP echo 3684 *niŋal PCEMP echo 3684 *niŋal PCMP echo 3684 *niŋniŋ PMP clear, of water 3685 *niŋniŋ PWMP clear, of water 3685 *nipaq PMP a swamp palm: Nipa fruticans 8398 *nipaq PWMP a swamp palm: Nipa fruticans 8398 *nipaq PCEMP a swamp palm: Nipa fruticans 8398 *nipaq PEMP a swamp palm: Nipa fruticans 8398 *nipaq POC a swamp palm: Nipa fruticans 8398 *nipay PMP snake 3672 *nipay PWMP snake 3672 *nipay PCEMP snake 3672 *nipay PCMP snake 3672 *nipay PEMP snake 3672 *nipe POC snake 12523 *nipen PAN tooth 7136 *nipen PMP tooth 7136 *nipen PWMP tooth 7136 *nipen PCEMP tooth 7136 *nipen PCMP tooth 7136 *nipen PEMP tooth 7136 *nipen PSHWNG tooth 7136 *nipi PCEMP dream 5305 *nipi PCMP dream 5305 *nipi PEMP dream 5305 *nipi POC dream 5305 *nipis PMP thinness (of materials) 8672 *nipis PWMP thinness (of materials) 8672 *nipis PCEMP thinness (of materials) 8672 *nipis PCMP thinness (of materials) 8672 *nipis PEMP thinness (of materials) 8672 *nipis PSHWNG thinness (of materials) 8672 *nipis POC thinness (of materials) 8672 *nipon POC tooth 7137 *niRab PWMP yesterday 3673 *niRu PMP winnowing basket 7302 *niRu PWMP winnowing basket 7302 *nisnis-an PPH to wipe away, wipe off 11672 *nisnís PPH to wipe, rub, scrub 11671 *n-ita PAN 1st pers. incl. genitive; our 7698 *n-ita PMP 1st pers. incl. genitive; our 7698 *n-ita PWMP 1st pers. incl. genitive; our 7698 *n-ita PCEMP 1st pers. incl. genitive; our 7698 *n-ita PCMP 1st pers. incl. genitive; our 7698 *n-ita PEMP 1st pers. incl. genitive; our 7698 *nituq PMP a fern: Lygodium spp. 3686 *nituq PWMP a fern: Lygodium spp. 3686 *nituq PCEMP a fern: Lygodium spp. 3686 *nituq PCMP a fern: Lygodium spp. 3686 *niuR PMP coconut 7013 *niuR PWMP coconut 7013 *niuR PCEMP coconut 7013 *niuR PCMP coconut 7013 *niuR PEMP coconut 7013 *niuR PSHWNG coconut 7013 *niuR POC coconut 7013 *niwaŋ PMP thinness, of people and animals 3676 *niwaŋ PWMP thinness, of people and animals 3676 *niwaŋ PCEMP thinness, of people and animals 3676 *niwaŋ PCMP thinness, of people and animals 3676 *nofo POC sit; stay or stop moving; reside 10388 *noku POC bend, fold 12615 *nonok POC gnat, sandfly 11947 *nonom POC to think 11948 *nopo-nopo POC to fear, be intimidated by 6769 *nopuq POC stonefish 6515 *nu- PAN future marker with words for days 11638 *nu- PMP future marker with words for days 11638 *nu- PWMP future marker with words for days 11638 *-nu₁ PAN marker of uncertainty 3687 *-nu₁ PMP marker of uncertainty 3687 *-nu₁ PWMP marker of uncertainty 3687 *nu₁ PAN if, when (in future) 3715 *nu₁ PMP if, when (in future) 3715 *nu₁ PWMP if, when (in future) 3715 *nu₂ PWMP 2sg.; you 6516 *-nu₂ PAN 2sg possessor and non-subject agent 8790 *-nu₂ PMP 2sg possessor and non-subject agent 8790 *-nu₂ PWMP 2sg possessor and non-subject agent 8790 *nu₃ PAN genitive case marker for common nouns (cf. *na, *ni) 8802 *nu₃ PMP genitive case marker for common nouns (cf. *na, *ni) 8802 *nu₃ PWMP genitive case marker for common nouns (cf. *na, *ni) 8802 *nues PMP squid 7053 *nues PWMP squid 7053 *nues PCEMP squid 7053 *nues PCMP squid 7053 *nuka PMP wound 6435 *nuka PWMP wound 6435 *nuka PCEMP wound 6435 *nuka PCMP wound 6435 *nuka PAN to make hemp yarn 12666 *nuka-en PWMP affected by sores, wounded 6434 *numa PAN how? 12730 *numi POC to fold 12551 *nunu₁ POC earthquake 6900 *nunu₂ POC to slough, shed the skin, as a snake 6978 *nunu₃ POC female breast 7790 *nunuh PAN female breast 7789 *nunuh PMP female breast 7789 *nunuh PWMP female breast 7789 *nunuh PCEMP female breast 7789 *nunuh PEMP female breast 7789 *nunuk PMP a tree: the banyan or strangler fig 3711 *nunuk PWMP a tree: the banyan or strangler fig 3711 *nunuk PCEMP a tree: the banyan or strangler fig 3711 *nunuk PCMP a tree: the banyan or strangler fig 3711 *nunuk PEMP a tree: the banyan or strangler fig 3711 *nunuk POC a tree: the banyan or strangler fig 3711 *nu-nunu POC earthquake 6901 *nuŋnuŋ PWMP stare, look fixedly 3716 *nupi PWMP dream 9598 *nuRuq PMP luck 3712 *nuRuq PWMP luck 3712 *nus PMP squid, cuttlefish 3714 *nus PWMP squid, cuttlefish 3714 *nus PCEMP squid, cuttlefish 3714 *nus PCMP squid, cuttlefish 3714 *nusa₁ PMP island 7054 *nusa₁ PWMP island 7054 *nusa₁ PCEMP island 7054 *nusa₁ PCMP island 7054 *nusa₁ PEMP island 7054 *nusa₁ PSHWNG island 7054 *nusa₁ POC island 7054 *nusa₂ POC smaller types of reef squid 7057 *nuse POC smaller types of reef squid 12509 *nuso POC smaller types of reef squid 7056 |
a a b c C d e g h i i j k l L l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u u w y z
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) –
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-p_n1.htm