 | Introduction Index to Sets Cognate Sets Finderlist Subgroups Languages Words Proto-form indexes References+ Roots Loans Near Noise Formosan |
Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Proto-form indexes: combined
(click on a *proto-form for its cognate set)
| PAN 1772 | PMP 3748 | PWMP 7368 | PPH 1973 | PCEMP 2987 | PCMP 2160 | PEMP 1780 | PSHWNG 431 | POC 2636 | combined 24855 |
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ga *gambaŋ PWMP valued metal 2469 *gabi PPH taro: Colocasia esculenta 12468 *gaCel PAN itch, feel itchy 7150 *gaduŋ PWMP kind of tuber: Dioscorea spp. 2461 *gae PCMP to hook, gaff 7730 *gaŋgaŋ PWMP heat or dry something near a fire 6505 *gagar PMP brave, plucky 2462 *gagar PWMP brave, plucky 2462 *gagar PCEMP brave, plucky 2462 *gagar PCMP brave, plucky 2462 *gagu PWMP dumb, mute 6741 *gakgak PWMP caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people 8713 *gala PPH the almasiga tree: Agathis celebica (Koord.) 10978 *galamáy PPH finger, toe; tentacles of octopus 12251 *galaŋ-en PPH to show respect for someone 12196 *galiŋgaŋ PWMP a tree: Cassia alata 2463 *galiŋ PWMP to grind, crush by grinding 10480 *galu PMP stir, mix 2465 *galu PWMP stir, mix 2465 *galu PCEMP stir, mix 2465 *galu PCMP stir, mix 2465 *galu PEMP stir, mix 2465 *galu POC stir, mix 2465 *galugaʔ PWMP a plant: Bixa orellana 2464 *galuŋ PWMP curve 2466 *gama POC morning star? 6812 *gamak PWMP feel, hold in the hand 6837 *gamat PWMP plant from which a dyestuff is obtained 2467 *gamaʔ PWMP catch fish or shrimp with the hands 2468 *gamet PWMP edible sea animal or plant 2470 *gamut PPH poison 9885 *gamut-en PPH to poison 9886 *ganas PMP raw energy, animal appetite 2471 *ganas PWMP raw energy, animal appetite 2471 *ganas PCEMP raw energy, animal appetite 2471 *ganas PCMP raw energy, animal appetite 2471 *ganút-en PPH pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth 12471 *gaŋa PPH to open the mouth 12145 *gapgap PMP stammer 2472 *gapgap PWMP stammer 2472 *gapgap PCEMP stammer 2472 *gapgap PEMP stammer 2472 *ga-pica POC how much?, how many? 8051 *ga(m)puŋ PWMP float 2481 *garaŋ₁ PAN fierce, intense, as of appetite or temper 8842 *garaŋ₁ PMP fierce, intense, as of appetite or temper 8842 *garaŋ₁ PWMP fierce, intense, as of appetite or temper 8842 *garaŋ₂ PMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8843 *garaŋ₂ PWMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8843 *garaŋ₂ PCEMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8843 *garaŋ₂ PCMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8843 *garaŋ-gasaŋ PMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8844 *garaŋ-gasaŋ PWMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8844 *garaŋ-gasaŋ PCEMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8844 *garaŋ-gasaŋ PCMP uneven, of edges, jagged, rough 8844 *garaw-en PPH to move or touch in an agitated or compulsive fashion 8579 *garáw PPH restlessness, wild or unruly movement 8578 *gariŋ PWMP mill or grind 2475 *garis PMP to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line 8845 *garis PWMP to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line 8845 *garis PCEMP to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line 8845 *garis PCMP to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line 8845 *garis PEMP to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line 8845 *garit PWMP striped, having stripes or streaks of different color 2474 *garu PWMP stir, mix 2476 *garuC PAN comb 8580 *garus PMP scratch 8864 *garus PWMP scratch 8864 *garus PCEMP scratch 8864 *garus PEMP scratch 8864 *garus POC scratch 8864 *garut PMP rub against, scrape, scratch 8581 *garut PWMP rub against, scrape, scratch 8581 *gaRami PWMP rice straw 8377 *gaRaŋ PAN small edible freshwater crab 3069 *gaRaŋ PMP small edible freshwater crab 3069 *gaRaŋ PWMP small edible freshwater crab 3069 *gaRaw PWMP hoarse, raspy (of the voice) 2473 *gaRuk PMP scratch up, scrape up 11484 *gaRuk PWMP scratch up, scrape up 11484 *gaRuk PCEMP scratch up, scrape up 11484 *gaRuk PEMP scratch up, scrape up 11484 *gaRuk PSHWNG scratch up, scrape up 11484 *gasgas PMP rub, abrade 2477 *gasgas PWMP rub, abrade 2477 *gasgas PCEMP rub, abrade 2477 *gasgas PEMP rub, abrade 2477 *gasiŋ PWMP spinning top 8865 *gasiŋ-an PWMP spinning top 8866 *gatak PWMP cleave, split 2478 *gatel PMP itch, feel itchy; sexually stimulated 7151 *gatel PWMP itch, feel itchy; sexually stimulated 7151 *gatel PCEMP itch, feel itchy; sexually stimulated 7151 *gatel PCMP itch, feel itchy; sexually stimulated 7151 *gatel-en PWMP be affected by itching, be infected with scabies or other itchy skin disorders 7155 *gateq PWMP sap, resin, sticky secretion 2479 *gatgat PMP to bite something off, to chew something up; to mince 12638 *gatgat PWMP to bite something off, to chew something up; to mince 12638 *gatgat PCEMP to bite something off, to chew something up; to mince 12638 *gatgat PEMP to bite something off, to chew something up; to mince 12638 *ganti PWMP to replace, substitute for; to return in kind something given or done 12219 *ganti-an PWMP (gloss uncertain) 12220 *ga(n)tuk PMP knock against, of body parts 2482 *ga(n)tuk PWMP knock against, of body parts 2482 *ga(n)tuk PCEMP knock against, of body parts 2482 *ga(n)tuk PCMP knock against, of body parts 2482 *gatuŋ PPH firewood 12146 *gaut PWMP to scratch 2480 *gawaŋ PWMP gate, opening 6840 *gaway₁ PMP tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc. 6472 *gaway₁ PWMP tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc. 6472 *gaway₁ PCEMP tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc. 6472 *gaway₁ PEMP tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc. 6472 *gaway₂ PWMP religious feast, festivity 12210 *gawed PPH betel pepper 10979 *gayam PMP a tree: Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut: Inocarpus edulis 8451 *gayam PWMP a tree: Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut: Inocarpus edulis 8451 *gayam PCEMP a tree: Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut: Inocarpus edulis 8451 *gayam PCMP a tree: Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut: Inocarpus edulis 8451 *gayaŋ PAN hunting spear 7611 *gayaŋ PMP hunting spear 7611 *gayaŋ PWMP hunting spear 7611 *gayák PPH to plan, prepare to do something 12316 *gayuŋ-gayuŋ PPH kind of seaweed 12472 *gábut PPH to pull out or up 12469 *gálaŋ PPH respect, reverence 12193 *gámit PPH to use 12415 *gánut PPH pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth 12470 *gápas PPH sickle; to harvest rice with a sickle 12197 *gáqud PPH oar; to row a boat 12162 *gásaŋ PPH coral 12221 *gáyat PPH to slice into thin strips, as meat or vegetables 11689 *gebáq PPH to destroy, demolish 12163 *geCel PAN to pinch 9002 *gedek PMP sound of sob 2483 *gedek PWMP sound of sob 2483 *gedek PCEMP sound of sob 2483 *gedek PCMP sound of sob 2483 *gek PWMP sound of a thud 2485 *gekgek PMP animal sound 2484 *gekgek PWMP animal sound 2484 *gekgek PCEMP animal sound 2484 *gekgek PEMP animal sound 2484 *gekgek PSHWNG animal sound 2484 *gelaŋ PWMP earthworm; intestinal worm 2487 *gelap₁ PMP lightning that strikes something 2486 *gelap₁ PWMP lightning that strikes something 2486 *gelap₁ PCEMP lightning that strikes something 2486 *gelap₁ PCMP lightning that strikes something 2486 *gelap₂ PWMP storm, darkness 8867 *gelem PWMP dark, overcast, cloudy 8901 *geleŋ PWMP cut off, sever; ring a tree 2488 *gelgél PPH to cut with sawing motion 12669 *gem PMP hold in the fist 2494 *gem PWMP hold in the fist 2494 *gem PCEMP hold in the fist 2494 *gem PEMP hold in the fist 2494 *gem POC hold in the fist 2494 *gemel PAN take in the hand, clasp, grasp 2489 *gemel PMP take in the hand, clasp, grasp 2489 *gemel PWMP take in the hand, clasp, grasp 2489 *gemel PCEMP take in the hand, clasp, grasp 2489 *gemel PEMP take in the hand, clasp, grasp 2489 *gemes₁ PWMP angry, irritated 2490 *gemes₂ PWMP want, desire 2491 *gemgem PAN fist; hold in the fist 7612 *gemgem PMP fist; hold in the fist 7612 *gemgem PWMP fist; hold in the fist 7612 *gemgem PCEMP fist; hold in the fist 7612 *gemgem PEMP fist; hold in the fist 7612 *gemi PMP suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ 2492 *gemi PWMP suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ 2492 *gemi PCEMP suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ 2492 *gemi PCMP suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ 2492 *gemi PEMP suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’ 2492 *geneŋ PWMP dwell, reside 2495 *genep PWMP complete; even (of numbers) 8868 *genep-i PWMP to complete something 8877 *geŋ PMP dull resounding sound 2512 *geŋ PWMP dull resounding sound 2512 *geŋ PCEMP dull resounding sound 2512 *geŋ PCMP dull resounding sound 2512 *gempal PWMP lump, clod 2493 *gepik PMP sound of light smacking 2496 *gepik PWMP sound of light smacking 2496 *gepik PCEMP sound of light smacking 2496 *gepik PCMP sound of light smacking 2496 *gepit PMP pinch, squeeze between 2497 *gepit PWMP pinch, squeeze between 2497 *gepit PCEMP pinch, squeeze between 2497 *gepit PCMP pinch, squeeze between 2497 *ger PMP sound of a grunt, etc. 2505 *ger PWMP sound of a grunt, etc. 2505 *ger PCEMP sound of a grunt, etc. 2505 *ger PCMP sound of a grunt, etc. 2505 *geraq PWMP misfortune, catastrophe 2498 *gereC PAN slit an animal's throat 2500 *gereC PMP slit an animal's throat 2500 *gereC PWMP slit an animal's throat 2500 *geret PMP notch, groove 2499 *geret PWMP notch, groove 2499 *geret PCEMP notch, groove 2499 *geret PEMP notch, groove 2499 *gerger₁ PAN shake, shiver, tremble 2501 *gerger₁ PMP shake, shiver, tremble 2501 *gerger₁ PWMP shake, shiver, tremble 2501 *gerger₁ PCEMP shake, shiver, tremble 2501 *gerger₁ PCMP shake, shiver, tremble 2501 *gerger₂ PWMP to imprint, leave a temporary mark 2502 *geriC PAN sound of ripping, gnawing, etc. 2503 *gerit PMP sound of scraping or scratching 12029 *gerit PWMP sound of scraping or scratching 12029 *gerit PCEMP sound of scraping or scratching 12029 *gerit PCMP sound of scraping or scratching 12029 *gerit PEMP sound of scraping or scratching 12029 *gerit POC sound of scraping or scratching 12029 *geRuŋ PWMP rumbling or low murmuring sound 2504 *ges PWMP dull sound 2507 *gesaq PWMP restless 2506 *ge(s)ges PMP shiver 2511 *ge(s)ges PWMP shiver 2511 *ge(s)ges PCEMP shiver 2511 *ge(s)ges PCMP shiver 2511 *getak PWMP cleave, split 9354 *getel PMP to pinch 9003 *getel PWMP to pinch 9003 *geteŋ PWMP taut 2508 *geteq PWMP sap, gummy secretion 8219 *getes PMP to snap, break off, as a twig 10070 *getes PWMP to snap, break off, as a twig 10070 *getes PCEMP to snap, break off, as a twig 10070 *getes PEMP to snap, break off, as a twig 10070 *getget₁ PWMP nibble, gnaw; moth 8714 *getget₂ PPH line, groove, mark made by cutting 8715 *getik PMP spotted, striped 10072 *getik PWMP spotted, striped 10072 *getik PCEMP spotted, striped 10072 *getik PEMP spotted, striped 10072 *getil PAN to pinch 9004 *getil PMP to pinch 9004 *getil PWMP to pinch 9004 *getuk PWMP knock, pound on 2509 *getus PWMP snap, break, as a string 2510 *giak PWMP to bark, as a hunting dog; shouting 8220 *gian PWMP addicted to 6839 *giaw PPH shouting; to shout 8221 *gimbal PWMP drum 8236 *gidgíd PPH rub something off 8222 *gidik PMP to tickle 2513 *gidik PWMP to tickle 2513 *gidik PCEMP to tickle 2513 *gidik PEMP to tickle 2513 *gigil PMP shiver, tremble 8263 *gigil PWMP shiver, tremble 8263 *gigil PCEMP shiver, tremble 8263 *gigil PCMP shiver, tremble 8263 *giŋgiŋ PAN cold, shivering 8237 *giŋgiŋ PMP cold, shivering 8237 *giŋgiŋ PWMP cold, shivering 8237 *gigir PWMP apprehensive, fearful 8235 *gigut PWMP to bite 8873 *gikgik PMP titter, giggle 2514 *gikgik PWMP titter, giggle 2514 *gikgik PCEMP titter, giggle 2514 *gikgik PCMP titter, giggle 2514 *gila PMP wild; skittish; insane 6506 *gila PWMP wild; skittish; insane 6506 *gila PCEMP wild; skittish; insane 6506 *gila PCMP wild; skittish; insane 6506 *gila PEMP wild; skittish; insane 6506 *gila-gila PMP wild; insane 6507 *gila-gila PWMP wild; insane 6507 *gila-gila PCEMP wild; insane 6507 *gila-gila PEMP wild; insane 6507 *gilak PMP shine, glitter 2515 *gilak PWMP shine, glitter 2515 *gilak PCEMP shine, glitter 2515 *gilak PCMP shine, glitter 2515 *gilaŋ PWMP radiance 8223 *gilap PMP radiance 8224 *gilap PWMP radiance 8224 *gilap PCEMP radiance 8224 *gilap PCMP radiance 8224 *gilaw PWMP gleaming, luminous 2516 *gilek PWMP ticklish sensation 8227 *giliŋ PMP to grind, as by rolling over 8228 *giliŋ PWMP to grind, as by rolling over 8228 *giliŋ PCEMP to grind, as by rolling over 8228 *giliŋ PCMP to grind, as by rolling over 8228 *giliŋ-an PWMP grinding stone, place where foods are ground up or instrument for grinding them 8233 *giliŋ-en PWMP to grind, be ground up by someone 8234 *ginelaw PWMP dazzling light 11178 *g<in>iliŋ PPH what is ground up, what is produced by twisting around or grinding 8231 *gi(n)tik PMP tap or beat lightly on 2522 *gi(n)tik PWMP tap or beat lightly on 2522 *gi(n)tik PCEMP tap or beat lightly on 2522 *gi(n)tik PEMP tap or beat lightly on 2522 *gimpis PPH crush between weights; press out 8238 *gipit PMP narrow, tight, confined 8239 *gipit PWMP narrow, tight, confined 8239 *gipit PCEMP narrow, tight, confined 8239 *gipit PCMP narrow, tight, confined 8239 *giqed PWMP zeal, ardor; industrious, keen 8226 *giret PWMP encircling article of clothing or adornment 8241 *girgir PWMP shiver, tremble 2517 *giri PMP to tickle 2518 *giri PWMP to tickle 2518 *giri PCEMP to tickle 2518 *giri PEMP to tickle 2518 *giruk PPH tickle; ticklish 12872 *giRiŋ PAN ringing sound 2519 *giRiŋ PMP ringing sound 2519 *giRiŋ PWMP ringing sound 2519 *gisgis₁ PAN rub, scrape against 2520 *gisgis₁ PMP rub, scrape against 2520 *gisgis₁ PWMP rub, scrape against 2520 *gisgis₁ PCEMP rub, scrape against 2520 *gisgis₁ PCMP rub, scrape against 2520 *gisgis₂ PWMP tear off, break off 2521 *gitgit PWMP to nibble, chew at 8872 *gitik PWMP to tickle 8242 *gintil PMP pimple 8240 *gintil PWMP pimple 8240 *gintil PCEMP pimple 8240 *gintil PCMP pimple 8240 *giwaŋ PPH gap, open space, breach 8243 *giwaq PWMP sway, shake, wiggle 8244 *gílij PPH side, edge 12207 *gomol POC squeeze, hold tight, clutch 9355 *gomol POC squeeze, hold tight, clutch 9357 *gomuR POC to hold liquid in the mouth; to gargle 9968 *-gu POC 1sg possessive pronoun; my 8771 *guam-en PWMP have a thrush or stomatitits infection 7491 *gubát PPH to attack, go to war 11666 *guCguC₁ PAN pluck, pull out 2523 *guCguC₂ PAN to scratch, as an itch 12717 *guŋguŋ PAN deep resounding sound 2537 *guŋguŋ PMP deep resounding sound 2537 *guŋguŋ PWMP deep resounding sound 2537 *guŋguŋ PCEMP deep resounding sound 2537 *guŋguŋ PCMP deep resounding sound 2537 *guham PMP a fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush 7490 *guham PWMP a fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush 7490 *gulamay PPH finger, toe; tentacles of octopus 12252 *gulay PWMP vegetable 12147 *gulay-an PPH (gloss uncertain) 12148 *gulay-en PPH to cook vegetables 12149 *guláman PPH gelatin, agar-agar 12164 *guluk PWMP kind of dagger 12859 *g<um>aruC PAN to comb 8583 *g<um>arut PMP to rub against, scrape, scratch 8584 *g<um>arut PWMP to rub against, scrape, scratch 8584 *g<um>atel PWMP to itch, begin to itch 7154 *g<um>enep PWMP become complete 8871 *gumi PMP moustache, beard 7999 *gumi PWMP moustache, beard 7999 *gumi PCEMP moustache, beard 7999 *gumi PEMP moustache, beard 7999 *g<um>ilap PWMP to flash, sparkle 8225 *g<um>iliŋ PWMP to turn, roll over; grind up 8232 *gumis PWMP moustache, beard 8000 *gu(m)pit PWMP pinch together; narrow 2538 *gumul PWMP wrestle, grapple with 2525 *gumuN PAN body hair 8876 *gunay PPH movement; to move 10963 *gu(n)dem PMP overcast, darkened 2539 *gu(n)dem PWMP overcast, darkened 2539 *gu(n)dem PCEMP overcast, darkened 2539 *gu(n)dem PEMP overcast, darkened 2539 *gur PMP purring sound 2530 *gur PWMP purring sound 2530 *gur PCEMP purring sound 2530 *gur PCMP purring sound 2530 *gurat POC a tree with roots that furnish a red dye: Morinda citrifolia 9851 *gurgur₁ PAN sound of boiling water 2526 *gurgur₁ PMP sound of boiling water 2526 *gurgur₁ PWMP sound of boiling water 2526 *gurgur₂ PWMP to shake 2527 *guris PAN line; scratch a line 8265 *guris PMP line; scratch a line 8265 *guris PWMP line; scratch a line 8265 *gurit PMP to scratch; sound of scratching 11072 *gurit PWMP to scratch; sound of scratching 11072 *guru PMP noise, tumult 2529 *guru PWMP noise, tumult 2529 *guru PCEMP noise, tumult 2529 *guru PEMP noise, tumult 2529 *guru POC noise, tumult 2529 *guru POC noise, tumult 9359 *gurumut PWMP swarm around 2528 *guruq PMP noise, tumult 9358 *guruq PWMP noise, tumult 9358 *guruq PCEMP noise, tumult 9358 *guruq PEMP noise, tumult 9358 *guRiCa PAN octopus 7148 *guRun PMP sword grass, Imperata cylindrica 10161 *guRun PWMP sword grass, Imperata cylindrica 10161 *guRun PCEMP sword grass, Imperata cylindrica 10161 *guRun PEMP sword grass, Imperata cylindrica 10161 *guRuŋ POC deep rumbling sound; thunder 8680 *gusgus PAN to scrape, scratch, rub 2531 *gusgus PMP to scrape, scratch, rub 2531 *gusgus PWMP to scrape, scratch, rub 2531 *gusgus PCEMP to scrape, scratch, rub 2531 *gusgus PEMP to scrape, scratch, rub 2531 *gusi PAN gums 2532 *gusi PMP gums 2532 *gusi PWMP gums 2532 *gusut PWMP tangled, confused, complicated 2533 *guSam PAN a fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush 7489 *gut PWMP scrape 2534 *gutgut PMP to scratch, as an itch 12718 *gutgut PWMP to scratch, as an itch 12718 *gutgut₁ PAN front teeth, incisors 2524 *gutgut₁ PMP front teeth, incisors; gnaw, to bite or tear off with the incisors 7300 *gutgut₁ PWMP front teeth, incisors; gnaw, to bite or tear off with the incisors 7300 *gutgut₂ PMP pluck, pull out 12035 *gutgut₂ PWMP pluck, pull out 12035 *guntur PWMP thunder 3598 *guyaq PWMP shake, sway 2535 *guyeŋ PWMP shake, sway 2536 *guyud₁ PPH banana sp. 11104 *guyud₂ PPH rice variety 11105 *guyud₃ PWMP pull or drag a heavy object along, as on a sled 8703 *guyuŋ PWMP shake, sway 9360 *gúguq PPH a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo: Ganphyllum falcatum Bl. 12198 *gúlis PPH line, scratch, furrow 8878 *gúyud-an PPH sled or board used for dragging materials (?) 11106 *gúyud-en PPH be pulled or dragged along 11107 |
a a b c C d e g h i i j k l L l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u u w y z
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) –
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-p_g.htm