 | Introduction Index to Sets Cognate Sets Finderlist Subgroups Languages Words Proto-form indexes References+ Roots Loans Near Noise Formosan |
Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Proto-form indexes: combined
(click on a *proto-form for its cognate set)
| PAN 1772 | PMP 3748 | PWMP 7368 | PPH 1973 | PCEMP 2987 | PCMP 2160 | PEMP 1780 | PSHWNG 431 | POC 2636 | combined 24855 |
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*e POC numeral prefix; cardinal numeral marker 2431 *embaq PWMP bring, take along 2327 *embaw PWMP high, on top 2328 *embej PWMP bind the waist; band around the waist 2329 *ebek PWMP thudding sound 2286 *embeŋ PMP a dam; to dam a stream 2331 *embeŋ PWMP a dam; to dam a stream 2331 *embeŋ PCEMP a dam; to dam a stream 2331 *embeŋ PCMP a dam; to dam a stream 2331 *embeŋ PEMP a dam; to dam a stream 2331 *embet PWMP bind the middle 2330 *e boŋi POC it is getting dark, night is coming on 996 *ebuk PMP dust, powder 2287 *ebuk PWMP dust, powder 2287 *ebuk PCEMP dust, powder 2287 *ebuk PCMP dust, powder 2287 *ebun PMP heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather 2288 *ebun PWMP heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather 2288 *ebun PCEMP heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather 2288 *ebun PEMP heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather 2288 *ebuq PWMP gut a fish, eviscerate 2290 *ebuR PMP sow, strew, scatter 2291 *ebuR PWMP sow, strew, scatter 2291 *ebuR PCEMP sow, strew, scatter 2291 *ebuR PCMP sow, strew, scatter 2291 *ebus PWMP finished, gone 2292 *embut PWMP to pound, of the pulse 2333 *embut-embut PWMP fontanel 2334 *enda PWMP no, not 12140 *edaŋ PWMP light, radiance; shine 2293 *endaŋ PWMP stop, come to a stop 2357 *endaŋ endaŋ PWMP periodically stopping 2358 *edaq PMP vetative; don't 2294 *edaq PWMP vetative; don't 2294 *edaq PCEMP vetative; don't 2294 *edaq PCMP vetative; don't 2294 *edeg PWMP back (of humans or animals) 2295 *edem₁ PWMP overcast; dull lustre 2296 *edem₂ PAN soak, dye 2298 *edem₂ PMP soak, dye 2298 *edem₂ PWMP soak, dye 2298 *eden PWMP to brood, sit on eggs 2299 *enduR PMP thunder 2359 *enduR PWMP thunder 2359 *enduR PCEMP thunder 2359 *enduR PCMP thunder 2359 *endut PWMP resilient, springing back when pressed down 2360 *eŋga PWMP no, not 2438 *egaŋ PWMP dry, dried up 2302 *egap PWMP gasp, open the mouth to breathe 2300 *eŋgem PMP hold something inside the mouth 2439 *eŋgem PWMP hold something inside the mouth 2439 *egik PMP high-pitched throaty sound 2303 *egik PWMP high-pitched throaty sound 2303 *egik PCEMP high-pitched throaty sound 2303 *egik PCMP high-pitched throaty sound 2303 *e(ŋ)guk PMP make a gurgling sound 2454 *e(ŋ)guk PWMP make a gurgling sound 2454 *e(ŋ)guk PCEMP make a gurgling sound 2454 *e(ŋ)guk PCMP make a gurgling sound 2454 *ejaq PWMP vetative; don't 2304 *e(ŋ)juŋ PWMP nose 2455 *e(ŋ)kak PMP choke, gasp, struggle for breath 2456 *e(ŋ)kak PWMP choke, gasp, struggle for breath 2456 *e(ŋ)kak PCEMP choke, gasp, struggle for breath 2456 *e(ŋ)kak PCMP choke, gasp, struggle for breath 2456 *eŋkak-eŋkak PWMP choke, gasp, struggle for breath 2457 *ekal PPH to remove, take off or out 12243 *ekaŋ PWMP hoot, croak 2307 *eŋkaŋ PWMP spread the legs 2443 *ekap PMP gasp for air 2306 *ekap PWMP gasp for air 2306 *ekap PCEMP gasp for air 2306 *ekap PCMP gasp for air 2306 *eŋkaq PWMP breathe quickly or deeply 2442 *e(ŋ)kek PMP subdued laughter; sobbing 2458 *e(ŋ)kek PWMP subdued laughter; sobbing 2458 *e(ŋ)kek PCEMP subdued laughter; sobbing 2458 *e(ŋ)kek PCMP subdued laughter; sobbing 2458 *eŋkel PMP bent, stooped 2444 *eŋkel PWMP bent, stooped 2444 *eŋkel PCEMP bent, stooped 2444 *eŋkel PCMP bent, stooped 2444 *eŋkel PEMP bent, stooped 2444 *ekeŋ PMP stiff 2312 *ekeŋ PWMP stiff 2312 *ekeŋ PCEMP stiff 2312 *ekeŋ PCMP stiff 2312 *eŋkeŋ PMP moan, hum, howl 2447 *eŋkeŋ PWMP moan, hum, howl 2447 *eŋkeŋ PCEMP moan, hum, howl 2447 *eŋkeŋ PCMP moan, hum, howl 2447 *ekep PMP brood, sit on eggs 2310 *ekep PWMP brood, sit on eggs 2310 *ekep PCEMP brood, sit on eggs 2310 *ekep PCMP brood, sit on eggs 2310 *eŋker PWMP low guttural or rumbling sound; snore, roar 2446 *eket PWMP stick, adhere 2311 *e(ŋ)kik PMP shrill cry 2459 *e(ŋ)kik PWMP shrill cry 2459 *e(ŋ)kik PCEMP shrill cry 2459 *e(ŋ)kik PCMP shrill cry 2459 *ekit PMP squeak, shriek 2313 *ekit PWMP squeak, shriek 2313 *ekit PCEMP squeak, shriek 2313 *ekit PCMP squeak, shriek 2313 *ekuk PMP make a croaking sound 2314 *ekuk PWMP make a croaking sound 2314 *ekuk PCEMP make a croaking sound 2314 *ekuk PCMP make a croaking sound 2314 *ekup PWMP enclose, cover 2315 *eŋkus PWMP snort, sniff; blow air through the nostrils 2448 *eŋkut PMP guttural sound 2449 *eŋkut PWMP guttural sound 2449 *eŋkut PCEMP guttural sound 2449 *eŋkut PCMP guttural sound 2449 *elak PMP separate two things 2316 *elak PWMP separate two things 2316 *elak PCEMP separate two things 2316 *elak PCMP separate two things 2316 *eleb PWMP knee 2317 *elem₁ PMP shade, darkness 2318 *elem₁ PWMP shade, darkness 2318 *elem₁ PCEMP shade, darkness 2318 *elem₁ PCMP shade, darkness 2318 *elem₂ PWMP cautious, suspicious 2319 *elet₁ PMP borrow, be in debt 2320 *elet₁ PWMP borrow, be in debt 2320 *elet₁ PCEMP borrow, be in debt 2320 *elet₁ PCMP borrow, be in debt 2320 *elet₂ PWMP exert strength or effort 2321 *eliŋ PMP high-pitched sound 2322 *eliŋ PWMP high-pitched sound 2322 *eliŋ PCEMP high-pitched sound 2322 *eliŋ PCMP high-pitched sound 2322 *eluŋ PMP bend, curve 2323 *eluŋ PWMP bend, curve 2323 *eluŋ PCEMP bend, curve 2323 *eluŋ PCMP bend, curve 2323 *ema₁ PMP father's sister, possibly address term 2324 *ema₁ PWMP father's sister, possibly address term 2324 *ema₁ PCEMP father's sister, possibly address term 2324 *ema₁ PCMP father's sister, possibly address term 2324 *ema₂ PWMP kiss 2326 *ema-q PMP father's sister, possibly address term 2325 *ema-q PWMP father's sister, possibly address term 2325 *ema-q PCEMP father's sister, possibly address term 2325 *ema-q PCMP father's sister, possibly address term 2325 *emeg PWMP damp, moist 2335 *emis₁ PMP sweet taste 2336 *emis₁ PWMP sweet taste 2336 *emis₁ PCEMP sweet taste 2336 *emis₁ PCMP sweet taste 2336 *emis₁ PEMP sweet taste 2336 *emis₁ PSHWNG sweet taste 2336 *emis₂ PEMP sweet taste 2647 *emis₂ PSHWNG sweet taste 2647 *emit PMP small in quantity, few; trifling amount 2337 *emit PWMP small in quantity, few; trifling amount 2337 *emit PCEMP small in quantity, few; trifling amount 2337 *emit PCMP small in quantity, few; trifling amount 2337 *emun PWMP if 2350 *emuŋ PWMP gather, collect together 2352 *emuR PMP hold in the mouth 2351 *emuR PWMP hold in the mouth 2351 *emuR PCEMP hold in the mouth 2351 *emuR PCMP hold in the mouth 2351 *emuR PEMP hold in the mouth 2351 *-en PAN verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice; nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action 2381 *-en PMP verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice; nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action 2381 *-en PWMP verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice; nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action 2381 *ena PMP catch or get caught in a trap; hit mark with spear, etc. 2355 *ena PWMP catch or get caught in a trap; hit mark with spear, etc. 2355 *ena PCEMP catch or get caught in a trap; hit mark with spear, etc. 2355 *ena PEMP catch or get caught in a trap; hit mark with spear, etc. 2355 *enap PMP scale of a fish 2354 *enap PWMP scale of a fish 2354 *enap PCEMP scale of a fish 2354 *enap PCMP scale of a fish 2354 *enat PPH to pull something toward oneself 12142 *enat-en PPH to pull something toward oneself 12143 *enem PAN six 2361 *enem PMP six 2361 *enem PWMP six 2361 *enem PCEMP six 2361 *enem PCMP six 2361 *enem enem PMP six by six, six at a time 2374 *enem enem PWMP six by six, six at a time 2374 *enem enem PCEMP six by six, six at a time 2374 *enem enem PEMP six by six, six at a time 2374 *enem ŋa puluq PMP sixty 2372 *enem ŋa puluq PWMP sixty 2372 *enem ŋa puluq PCEMP sixty 2372 *enem ŋa puluq PCMP sixty 2372 *enem-an PPh group of six 2371 *enep PPh keep to oneself 2382 *e(n)teŋ PMP stare, look fixedly at 2450 *e(n)teŋ PWMP stare, look fixedly at 2450 *e(n)teŋ PCEMP stare, look fixedly at 2450 *e(n)teŋ PCMP stare, look fixedly at 2450 *e(n)teŋ PEMP stare, look fixedly at 2450 *eñat PWMP stretch 2434 *eñep PMP sunken, submerged 2435 *eñep PWMP sunken, submerged 2435 *eñep PCEMP sunken, submerged 2435 *eñep PCMP sunken, submerged 2435 *eŋap PMP gasp for breath 2432 *eŋap PWMP gasp for breath 2432 *eŋap PCEMP gasp for breath 2432 *eŋap PEMP gasp for breath 2432 *eŋap POC gasp for breath 2432 *eŋaq PWMP wide open (mouth) 2433 *eŋeŋ PWMP buzz, hum 2437 *eŋer PMP to growl, snarl 12816 *eŋer PWMP to growl, snarl 12816 *eŋer PCEMP to growl, snarl 12816 *eŋer PCMP to growl, snarl 12816 *eŋes PPh sniffle, snore 2436 *eŋik PWMP high-pitched sound of complaint 2441 *eŋit PPH laugh; laughter 4974 *e(ŋ)kab PWMP open, uncover 2305 *e(ŋ)keb PMP a cover, to cover 2308 *e(ŋ)keb PWMP a cover, to cover 2308 *e(ŋ)keb PCEMP a cover, to cover 2308 *e(ŋ)keb PCMP a cover, to cover 2308 *e(ŋ)keb PEMP a cover, to cover 2308 *eŋus PPh sniffle, pant 2452 *eŋut PMP complain loudly 2453 *eŋut PWMP complain loudly 2453 *eŋut PCEMP complain loudly 2453 *eŋut PCMP complain loudly 2453 *epak PWMP break, crack, split 2383 *epan PWMP start a fire 2384 *epaŋ PMP notch; notched 2386 *epaŋ PWMP notch; notched 2386 *epaŋ PCEMP notch; notched 2386 *epaŋ PCMP notch; notched 2386 *epap PWMP clap, flap, slap 2385 *empas PWMP fall away, crumble (as a wall) 2338 *epat PMP four 5162 *epat PWMP four 5162 *epat PCEMP four 5162 *epat PCMP four 5162 *epat epat PMP four at a time 5184 *epat epat PWMP four at a time 5184 *epat epat PCEMP four at a time 5184 *epat epat PCMP four at a time 5184 *epat-an PWMP group of four (?) 5182 *epat-en PWMP be divided into four 5183 *empeŋ PMP block, obstruct, dam a stream 2339 *empeŋ PWMP block, obstruct, dam a stream 2339 *empeŋ PCEMP block, obstruct, dam a stream 2339 *empeŋ PCMP block, obstruct, dam a stream 2339 *epeŋ PMP make a dull sound in the ears 2387 *epeŋ PWMP make a dull sound in the ears 2387 *epeŋ PCEMP make a dull sound in the ears 2387 *epeŋ PCMP make a dull sound in the ears 2387 *epid PWMP braid, intertwine 2388 *epiq PMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2389 *epiq PWMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2389 *epiq PCEMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2389 *epiq PCMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2389 *epis PPH fibrous material at base of coconut frond 12098 *epit₁ PMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2390 *epit₁ PWMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2390 *epit₁ PCEMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2390 *epit₁ PCMP burnt food which adheres to the pot 2390 *empu PMP grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner 2340 *empu PWMP grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner 2340 *empu PCEMP grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner 2340 *empu PCMP grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner 2340 *empu PEMP grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner 2340 *empu PSHWNG grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner 2340 *empu-an PWMP object of respect; distinguished or respected person 2341 *epuk PMP make a popping sound 2392 *epuk PWMP make a popping sound 2392 *epuk PCEMP make a popping sound 2392 *epuk PCMP make a popping sound 2392 *empu-ni-a PWMP owner, possessor 2342 *empú-ŋ PWMP grandfather, grandmother; ancestor (vocative) 2343 *empu-q PMP grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative) 2344 *empu-q PWMP grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative) 2344 *empu-q PCEMP grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative) 2344 *empu-q PCMP grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative) 2344 *epus PMP stump, stub; finish, complete 2393 *epus PWMP stump, stub; finish, complete 2393 *epus PCEMP stump, stub; finish, complete 2393 *epus PCMP stump, stub; finish, complete 2393 *epus PEMP stump, stub; finish, complete 2393 *eput PWMP puff, blow suddenly 2394 *erak PWMP harsh loud sound 2395 *erit PCEMP scratch, scrape 2400 *erit PCMP scratch, scrape 2400 *erit PEMP scratch, scrape 2400 *erut PWMP rumbling sound 2402 *eRes PMP shrink (of living things) 2396 *eRes PWMP shrink (of living things) 2396 *eRes PCEMP shrink (of living things) 2396 *eRes PCMP shrink (of living things) 2396 *eRiq PMP sword grass: Imperata cylindrica 2399 *eRiq PWMP sword grass: Imperata cylindrica 2399 *eRiq PCEMP sword grass: Imperata cylindrica 2399 *eRiq PCMP sword grass: Imperata cylindrica 2399 *eRiq PEMP sword grass: Imperata cylindrica 2399 *eRiq PSHWNG sword grass: Imperata cylindrica 2399 *esa PAN one 2406 *esa PMP one 2406 *esa PWMP one 2406 *esa PCEMP one 2406 *esa PCMP one 2406 *esa PEMP one 2406 *esa PSHWNG one 2406 *esa POC one 2406 *esa esa PMP one by one 2410 *esa esa PWMP one by one 2410 *esa esa PCEMP one by one 2410 *esa esa PCMP one by one 2410 *esak PMP cooked, ripe 2403 *esak PWMP cooked, ripe 2403 *esek₁ PMP crowded; crowd together 2411 *esek₁ PWMP crowded; crowd together 2411 *esek₁ PCEMP crowded; crowd together 2411 *esek₁ PEMP crowded; crowd together 2411 *esek₂ PMP drive in stakes or posts 12245 *esek₂ PWMP drive in stakes or posts 12245 *esem PWMP sour 2412 *eseŋ PMP blow the nose by pinching off one nostril 2414 *eseŋ PWMP blow the nose by pinching off one nostril 2414 *eseŋ PCEMP blow the nose by pinching off one nostril 2414 *eseŋ PCMP blow the nose by pinching off one nostril 2414 *esuŋ PMP rice mortar 2415 *esuŋ PWMP rice mortar 2415 *esuŋ PCEMP rice mortar 2415 *esuŋ PCMP rice mortar 2415 *etak PWMP notch, as in a tree trunk; notch-shaped area under the glans penis 2416 *eták PPh bush knife, machete 2429 *etas PWMP slash, chop away 2417 *eteb PWMP cut off, prune 2418 *etek PWMP sound of light knocking 2419 *etel PMP constipation; packed hard and firm 2421 *etel PWMP constipation; packed hard and firm 2421 *etel PCEMP constipation; packed hard and firm 2421 *etel PCMP constipation; packed hard and firm 2421 *eter PMP shake, vibrate, tremble 2422 *eter PWMP shake, vibrate, tremble 2422 *eter PCEMP shake, vibrate, tremble 2422 *eter PCMP shake, vibrate, tremble 2422 *etes₁ PMP chop, hack, cut off 2423 *etes₁ PWMP chop, hack, cut off 2423 *etes₁ PCEMP chop, hack, cut off 2423 *etes₁ PCMP chop, hack, cut off 2423 *etes₂ PWMP cross a river 2424 *etik PWMP little, few; small amount 2425 *etip PWMP burnt rice which adheres to the pot 2427 *etuk PMP knock, pound, thud 2428 *etuk PWMP knock, pound, thud 2428 *etuk PCEMP knock, pound, thud 2428 *etuk PCMP knock, pound, thud 2428 *entul PWMP bounce, rebound 2377 *enzak PWMP step, tread; stamp 2378 *ezan PMP notched log ladder 2430 *ezan PWMP notched log ladder 2430 *ezan PCEMP notched log ladder 2430 *ezan PCMP notched log ladder 2430 *enzi PWMP term of address to girls 2379 *enzi-q PWMP term of address to girls 2380 *e(n)zuk PWMP proffer, offer 2451 |
eb ed eg ej ek el em en eñ eŋ ep er eR es et ez
a a b c C d e g h i i j k l L l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u u w y z
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) –
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-p_e1.htm