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Updated: 6/21/2020

 

Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Index to Sets

(click on a *proto-form for its set)

 a    b    c    C    d    e    g    h    i    j    k    l    m    n    N    ñ    ŋ    o    p    q    r    R    s    S    t    u    w    y    z   

*l   

la    le    li    lo    lu    

*laba   PMP *laba, big, large. WMP;  POC *lapa, big, large. OC

*lababa   POC *lababa, flat-topped coral head. OC

*lábag   PPH *lábag, bundle of thread or plant fibers. WMP

*labag   PPH *labag, against, contrary to custom. WMP

*labak   PMP *labak, wide open. WMP CMP

*la(m)bak   PMP *la(m)bak, slam something down. WMP CMP OC

*laban₁   PWMP *laban₁, besides, except. WMP

*laban₂   PMP *laban₂, oppose, go against someone. WMP CMP;  PMP *laban-an, oppose, go against someone. WMP

*la(m)baŋ   PWMP *la(m)baŋ, go beyond, go over, go past. WMP

*labas   PPH *labas, pass by, overlook something when searching; to pass by (of time). WMP;  PPH *pa-labas-en, to let something pass by. WMP;  PPH *l<um>ábas, to pass by. WMP;  PPH *labas-an, to pass by, overlook. WMP

*labat   PPH *labat, fence. WMP

*labaw₁   PAN *labaw₁, rat. Formosan WMP CMP

*labaw₂   PPH *labaw₂, project above, stick up. WMP

*labay₁   PWMP *labay₁, thread, yarn. WMP

*la(m)béj   PPH *la(m)béj, wrap or wind around something. WMP

*lab(e)náw   PPH *lab(e)náw, thin, of liquids such as soup; to dilute. WMP

*lab(e)nuR   PPH *lab(e)nuR, a tree: Ficus sp.. WMP

*labeŋ   PWMP *labeŋ, abundance, surplus. WMP

*labeR₁   PMP *labeR₁, wide. Formosan WMP CMP

*labeR₂   PAN *labeR₂, roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered. Formosan;  PMP *lambeR, roam freely, of domesticated animals that are untethered. WMP

*labetik   PWMP *labetik, to flick or snap. WMP

*labi₁   PMP *labi₁, excess; more than; surpass. WMP CMP

*labi₂   PWMP *labi₂, freshwater turtle. WMP

*labid   PPH *labid, intertwine, braid, as strands to make rope. WMP

*labi-labi   PWMP *labi-labi, soft-shelled river turtle. WMP

*labiq   PAN *labiq, excess, surplus. Formosan WMP CMP;  PWMP *labiq-en, (gloss uncertain). WMP

*lábis   PPH *lábis, exceed; excessive. WMP

*labit   PPH *labit, hook with fingers. WMP

*labu₁   PWMP *labu₁, to fool, deceive. WMP

*labu₂   PMP *labu₂, ashen, grayish. WMP CMP

*la(m)bug₁   PWMP *la(m)bug₁, throw out (of a container or enclosure). WMP

*la(m)bug₂   PWMP *la(m)bug₂, turbid. WMP CMP

*la(m)buk   PWMP *la(m)buk, to pound rice. WMP

*labuŋ   PPH *labuŋ, abundant, growing profusely. WMP

*labuq₁   PWMP *labuq₁, to fall; drop anchor’. WMP CMP

*labuq₂   PWMP *labuq₂, the bottle gourd: Lagenaria siceraria. WMP

*labuR   PWMP *labuR, mix foods. WMP

*labus   PPH *labus, naked, undressed. WMP

*labut   PPH *labut, involvement, engagement, business. WMP

*labúyuq   PPH *labúyuq, wild chicken; rooster. WMP

*lacak   PWMP *lacak, destroy. WMP

*laCeŋ   PAN *laCeŋ, stinging nettle: Laportea spp.. Formosan;  PMP *lateŋ, stinging nettle: Laportea spp.. WMP CMP;  POC *latoŋ, stinging nettle: Laportea spp.. OC;  PMP *la-lateŋ, stinging nettle: Laportea spp.. WMP;  POC *la-latoŋ, stinging nettle: Laportea spp.. OC

*la(n)day   PWMP *la(n)day, gradually sloping (of terrain); soft-spoken. WMP

*ladiŋ   PMP *ladiŋ, cleaver, sword. WMP CMP

*ladlád   PPH *ladlád, spread out, as a net or clothes on the ground to dry. WMP

*la(ŋ)ga   PMP *la(ŋ)ga, to heat food. WMP CMP

*lagak   PWMP *lagak, sound of gurgling water. WMP

*la(ŋ)gaq   PMP *la(ŋ)gaq, to heat food. WMP CMP

*lagecik   PWMP *lagecik, splash, spatter. WMP

*lagepak   PWMP *lagepak, slap, sound of collision. WMP

*lagetub₁   PWMP *lagetub₁, make a thudding or popping sound. WMP

*lagetub₂   PWMP *lagetub₂, blister; blistered. WMP

*lagetuk   PWMP *lagetuk, popping or knocking sound. WMP

*lagi   PMP *lagi, emphatic particle. WMP CMP

*laglag   PPH *laglag, to fall, of leaves from a tree. WMP

*lagu₁   PWMP *lagu₁, way, manner; melody. WMP

*lagu₂   PPH *lagu₂, a tree: Myristica spp.. WMP

*lagúq   PPH *lagúq, to flourish, of plants. WMP;  PPH *ma-laguq, flourish. WMP

*lahar   PWMP *lahar, volcanic ash (?). WMP

*lahud   PAN *lahud, downstream, toward the sea. Formosan WMP;  PCEMP *laur, toward the sea. CMP SHWNG;  POC *laur, downriver, toward the sea. OC;  PMP *i-lahud, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  POC *i-laur, (gloss uncertain). OC;  PWMP *ka-lahud, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *ma-lahud, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PAN *Si-lahud, wind from the sea (?). Formosan WMP;  PWMP *ka-lahud-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *lahud-an, the high seas, far from land. WMP;  PMP *pa-lahud, sea. WMP;  POC *pa-laur, go to sea, make a sea voyage. OC

*lahuk   PWMP *lahuk, mixed, as foods. WMP;  PPH *i-lahúk, to mix two or more things. WMP;  PPH *ka-lahúk, ingredient in a mixture. WMP;  PPH *l<um>ahúk, to mix in, mix together. WMP;  PPH *lahuk-án, to mix something with something else. WMP

*lahuN   PAN *lahuN, steam, vapor. Formosan

*lahús   PPH *lahús, to pass through or by something, esp. after stopping. WMP

*laja   PWMP *laja, to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats. WMP;  PWMP *man-laja, to plait, as mats or baskets. WMP;  PPH *l<in>ága, woven; was woven by someone. WMP;  PPH *l<um>aja, to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats. WMP;  PWMP *lalah-en, be woven by someone. WMP

*lajam   PAN *lajam, familiar with, accustomed to. Formosan OC

*lajaq   PMP *lajaq, pepper; to sting, of a wound or spices in food. WMP CMP

*laje   POC *laje, branching coral; coral limestone. OC

*laji₁   PMP *laji₁, poison with poisonous sap, (probably Antiaris toxicaria). WMP CMP OC

*lajih   PMP *lajih, fish">dolphinfish. WMP;  POC *laji₂, fish">dolphinfish. OC

*la(ŋ)ka   PWMP *la(ŋ)ka, far apart; rare. WMP;  PWMP *ma-laka, far apart, rare. WMP

*laka₁   POC *laka₁, up, above. OC

*laka₂   POC *laka₂, basket. OC

*lakaj   PMP *lakaj, to stride, take a step. WMP CMP SHWNG;  POC *lakas, to stride, take a step. OC;  PPH *i-lákaj, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PPH *maR-lákaj, to step, to walk. WMP;  PPH *l<um>ákaj, to step, to walk. WMP;  PPH *lakáj-an, to step on, walk on something (?). WMP;  PPH *lakaj-en, to walk a certain distance (?). WMP;  POC *lakar-lakar, (gloss uncertain). OC

*lakaŋ   PWMP *lakaŋ, crotch, space between thighs. WMP

*la(ŋ)kas   PMP *la(ŋ)kas, spirited, energetic. WMP OC

*lakas   PMP *lakas, quick, energetic, strong. WMP;  POC *lagas, quick, energetic, strong. OC

*lakat₁   PWMP *lakat₁, root. WMP

*lakat₂   PAN *lakat₂, walk, take a step. Formosan WMP

*lakatán   PPH *lakatán, banana sp.. WMP

*lakaw   PMP *lakaw, to be in motion; go, walk. WMP CMP SHWNG;  POC *lako, to go. OC;  PWMP *pa-lakaw, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PMP *l<um>akaw, to go. WMP;  PMP *lakaw lakaw, wander about. WMP;  POC *lako lako, walk. OC

*lakay   PWMP *lakay, grandfather. WMP

*lake   POC *lake, sore, dermal irritation, wound. OC

*la(ŋ)keb   PWMP *la(ŋ)keb, lie face down. WMP

*lak(e)baŋ   PWMP *lak(e)baŋ, broad, wide. WMP

*la(ŋ)k(e)qaŋ   PWMP *la(ŋ)k(e)qaŋ, spread the legs. WMP

*la(ŋ)ket   PMP *la(ŋ)ket, stick, adhere to; sticky, viscous. WMP OC

*lak(e)táw   PPH *lak(e)táw, jump over or across. WMP

*laki₁   PMP *laki₁, male, masculine; man. WMP CMP;  PWMP *di-laki, male, man. WMP;  PWMP *la-laki, male. WMP;  PWMP *ka-(la)laki-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP

*laki₂   PWMP *laki₂, old, of people. WMP

*laklak   PWMP *laklak, to peel off skin, bark or leaves; excoriated, decorticated, defoliated. WMP

*lakub   PPH *lakub, enclosure; to enclose. WMP

*lakun   PPH *lakun, to coil up. WMP

*lakup   PAN *lakup, cover, wrapping. Formosan WMP

*lalak   PMP *lalak, trochus shell. WMP OC

*laláŋ   PPH *laláŋ, to create. WMP

*lalatu₁   PWMP *lalatu₁, kind of ant. WMP

*lalatu₂   PWMP *lalatu₂, sparks, burning ashes in the wind. WMP

*lalaw   PWMP *lalaw, exceed, pass">surpass, go beyond. WMP

*lalay   PAN *lalay, cicada. Formosan

*lalej   PMP *lalej, housefly. WMP CMP

*lali   PMP *lali, ankle bone (?). WMP OC

*lalin   PMP *lalin, move, transfer. WMP CMP

*laliŋ   PMP *laliŋ, ankle bone (?). WMP OC

*lalu₁   PMP *lalu₁, more ( intensive), even more, moreso; surplus; to worsen (as an illness). WMP CMP

*lalu₂   PWMP *lalu₂, rice pestle. WMP

*laluŋ   PMP *laluŋ, cock, rooster. WMP CMP

*laluq   PWMP *laluq, more ( intensive), even more, moreso; surplus. WMP

*lama₁   PMP *lama₁, lie on a surface, of water. WMP OC

*lama₂   PAN *lama₂, old, former. Formosan WMP

*lama₃   POC *lama₃, type of coconut. OC

*lamak   PMP *lamak, mat. WMP CMP

*lámak   PPH *lámak, to set out a lavish meal. WMP

*laman   PCEMP *laman, deep, of the sea; deep sea. CMP SHWNG;  POC *laman, deep, of the sea; deep sea beyond the reef. OC

*lamán   PPH *lamán, pork, flesh of a pig. WMP

*lámaŋ   PPH *lámaŋ, only, just, but. WMP

*lamaR   PWMP *lamaR, slippery. WMP

*lamas   PWMP *lamas, slippery. WMP

*lámay   PPH *lámay, a wake for the dead, night vigil. WMP

*lamay   PPH *lamay, a t ree: Mallotus lackeyi Elm.. WMP

*lambanug   PPH *lambanug, fermented drink made from coconut juice, palm juice, etc.. WMP

*lambaq   PWMP *lambaq, go. WMP

*lambat   PWMP *lambat, long, of time. WMP

*lambayuŋ   PWMP *lambayuŋ, plant sp.. WMP

*lambeg   PMP *lambeg, throw, cast. WMP OC

*lambid   PPH *lambid, to cross over, wind around, embrace. WMP

*lambuk   PMP *lambuk, knock, pound, beat. WMP OC

*lambuŋ   PPH *lambuŋ, robe, long garment. WMP

*lamíg   PPH *lamíg, cold. WMP

*lamlam₁   PAN *lamlam₁, impetuous. Formosan WMP

*lamlam₂   PWMP *lamlam₂, weak (in intensity); insipid. WMP

*lampaŋ   PMP *lampaŋ, go. WMP CMP

*lampaq   PMP *lampaq, walk, go. WMP CMP

*lampás   PPH *lampás, to go past, go beyond, be excessive. WMP

*lampin   PWMP *lampin, layer of cloth or clothing. WMP

*lampit   PWMP *lampit, rattan sleeping mat. WMP

*lampuyaŋ   PWMP *lampuyaŋ, kind of ginger. WMP

*lamu₁   PMP *lamu₁, seaweed sp.. WMP CMP

*lamu₂   POC *lamu₂, body hair, feather. OC

*lamuj   PWMP *lamuj, to mix. Formosan WMP CMP;  PWMP *ŋa-lamuj, to mix together, as ingredients in cooking. WMP;  PWMP *pa-lamuj, to mix together (?). WMP

*lamuk₁   PWMP *lamuk₁, vague, unclear. WMP

*lamuk₂   PMP *lamuk₂, mosquito. WMP OC

*lamun₁   PMP *lamun₁, swamp grass. WMP CMP

*lamun₂   PPH *lamun₂, eat voraciously, gulp down, swallow whole. WMP;  PPH *lamun-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PPH *lamun-en, eat voraciously, eat like an animal. WMP

*lamuq   PPH *lamuq, to salt meat or fish for storing. WMP

*lamuR   PMP *lamuR, dew. Formosan WMP OC

*lamut   PMP *lamut, seaweed sp.. WMP CMP

*lanab   PWMP *lanab, high water, flood. WMP

*lanaŋ   PPH *lanaŋ, to flow, of water. WMP;  PPH *lanaŋ-an, flow. WMP

*lanay₁   PPH *lanay₁, liquid, watery. WMP

*lanay₂   PPH *lanay₂, weak, exhausted. WMP

*landak   PWMP *landak, porcupine. WMP

*landasan   PWMP *landasan, anvil. WMP

*lanéb   PPH *lanéb, lard, fat, greasy scum on the surface of liquids. WMP

*lanés   PPH *lanés, dried up, wilted (of plants). WMP

*lanét   PPH *lanét, dried up, wilted, of plants. WMP

*lantaŋ   PWMP *lantaŋ, take one's time. WMP

*lantay   PWMP *lantay, bamboo matting or platform. WMP

*lantik   PPH *lantik, graceful curve (of body). WMP

*lantiŋ   PWMP *lantiŋ, tie together, of floating objects. WMP

*lánut   PPH *lánut, abaca fiber; fiber-yielding plant; kind of tree with bark that yields a vine-like fiber. WMP

*lanzak   PWMP *lanzak, step, tread on. WMP

*laña   PMP *laña, vegetable oil. WMP CMP

*lañut   PWMP *lañut, tough, as meat. WMP

*laŋ   PPH *laŋ, only, just, merely. WMP

*laŋan   PPH *laŋan, absence, omission. WMP

*laŋaq₁   PMP *laŋaq₁, gape, open wide. WMP CMP

*laŋaq₂   PWMP *laŋaq₂, simple-minded. WMP

*laŋaw   PAN *laŋaw, housefly. Formosan;  PMP *laŋaw, bluebottle, blowfly, horsefly. WMP SHWNG;  POC *laŋo, housefly. OC;  PAN *laŋaw-en, infested with flies, covered with flies. Formosan WMP

*laŋeg   PPH *laŋeg, to rot, spoil, become rancid. WMP

*laŋen   PMP *laŋen₁, rollers for beaching a canoe. WMP CMP;  POC *laŋon, rollers for beaching a canoe. OC

*laŋ(e)qes   PWMP *laŋ(e)qes, stench, odor, as of fish. WMP

*laŋ(e)si   PAN *laŋ(e)si, unpleasant odor. Formosan;  PMP *laŋ(e)si, fishy smell. WMP

*laŋi₁   POC *laŋi₁, beach. OC

*laŋi₂   POC *laŋi₂, up, above. OC

*laŋiC   PAN *laŋiC, sky. Formosan;  PMP *laŋit, sky. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *laŋit laŋit, palate; canopy. WMP

*laŋiR   PWMP *laŋiR, a tree from which a sort of shampoo is derived: Albizia spp.. WMP

*laŋkaq₁   PMP *laŋkaq₁, step, stride; to omit or skip over. WMP OC

*laŋkaw   PMP *laŋkaw, high, tall. WMP CMP

*laŋkay   PWMP *laŋkay, man, male. WMP

*laŋkuas   PWMP *laŋkuas, a plant: Alpinia galanga. WMP

*laŋlaŋ   PPH *laŋlaŋ, eat together as a group. WMP;  PPH *ka-laŋlaŋ, eat. WMP

*laŋu   PAN *laŋu, vertigo. WMP CMP;  PAN *ma-laŋu, dizzy, drunk. Formosan WMP CMP

*laŋuy   PWMP *laŋuy, to swim. WMP;  PWMP *l<um>aŋuy, to swim. WMP

*lapa₁   POC *lapa₁, fish sp.. OC

*lapa₂   POC *lapa₂, a skin disease: ringworm. OC

*lapad   PMP *lapad, broad and flat. WMP;  POC *lapar, broad and flat. OC

*lapak   PWMP *lapak, smack, slap, slam. WMP

*la(m)paŋ   PWMP *la(m)paŋ, large piece or chunk of meat, etc.. WMP

*lapaq   PAN *lapaq, to cut up, butcher, slaughter an animal. Formosan WMP

*lapaR₁   PMP *lapaR₁, hungry. WMP CMP

*lapaR₂   POC *LapaR₂, flash of lightning. OC

*lapas   PWMP *lapas, to pass, cross over to the other side; to be past, of time for an action. WMP

*lapat₁   POC *lapat₁, big, great, large. OC

*lapat₂   PPH *lapat₂, tight-fitting. WMP

*la(m)paw   PWMP *la(m)paw, exceed, excess. WMP

*lap(e)des   PPH *lap(e)des, to whip and leave welts. WMP

*lap(e)qut   PPH *lap(e)qut, sticky, pasty. WMP

*lap(e)qút   PPH *lap(e)qút, thick, sticky, pasty. WMP

*lapi   PPH *lapi, to fold over. WMP

*lapid   PPH *lapid, to braid, intertwine strands. WMP

*lapis   PAN *lapis, flying squirrel. Formosan

*lapis   PMP *lapis, stone slab, thin layer. WMP CMP

*lapit   PWMP *lapit, put close together. WMP

*laplap   PAN *laplap, loose (as of clothing). Formosan WMP

*lapláp   PPH *lapláp, cut meat from the bone. WMP

*lapu₁   PPH *lapu₁, to scald food in hot water. WMP

*lapu₂   PPH *lapu₂, to overflow. WMP

*lapu₃   PPH *lapu₃, to start out, begin. WMP

*lapuk   PMP *lapuk, decayed, rotten, moldy, mildewed (of wood). WMP OC

*lapuŋ   PPH *lapuŋ, mildew, mildewed, moldy. WMP

*lápus   PPH *lápus, go over and beyond. WMP;  PPH *l<um>ápus, go over and beyond. WMP

*lapus   PAN *lapus, untie (a knot), undress, remove clothes. Formosan

*la(m)pus₁   PWMP *la(m)pus₁, vanish, vanished, terminated. WMP

*la(m)pus₂   PWMP *la(m)pus₂, pierce, penetrate; pass through. WMP

*laqaD   PWMP *laqaD, dry stream bed. WMP

*laq(e)lu   PWMP *laq(e)lu, rice pestle. WMP

*laq(e)nab   PPH *laq(e)nab, to overflow, flood, of a river. WMP

*laqia   PMP *laqia, ginger. WMP CMP SHWNG OC

*laqin   PWMP *laqin, different; another. WMP

*laqu   PWMP *laqu, thirst, hunger. WMP

*laqús   PPH *laqús, past one’s prime, outdated, obsolete. WMP

*laRaŋ   PAN *laRaŋ, to forbid. Formosan WMP

*laRiw   PAN *laRiw, run, run away, flee, escape. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG;  PAN *ma-laRiw, run, run away, flee. Formosan WMP CMP;  PMP *pa-laRiw, run">run away, flee; flight, escape; fugitive. WMP CMP SHWNG;  PWMP *pa-laRiw-an, run">run. WMP

*lasa₁   POC *lasa₁, tame, accustomed, used to. OC

*lasa₂   POC *lasa₂, coconut shell drinking cup. OC

*lasaŋ₁   PWMP *lasaŋ₁, bare, bald. WMP

*lasaŋ₂   PWMP *lasaŋ₂, split, spread apart. WMP

*lasaq   PWMP *lasaq, beat, thrash. WMP

*lásaw   PPH *lásaw, thin, of liquids; watery. WMP

*lasem   PWMP *lasem, sour. WMP

*laseR   PMP *laseR, scrotum and testicles. WMP CMP;  POC *lasoR, testicles. OC

*laslas   PWMP *laslas, abrasion of the skin. WMP

*lasuq₁   PAN *lasuq₁, hot; blistered by heat. Formosan WMP

*lasuq₂   PMP *lasuq₂, penis. WMP CMP OC

*latag   PPH *latag, spread out on ground. WMP

*laták   PPH *laták, crack, crevice. WMP

*latak₁   PWMP *latak₁, hit, making a loud sound. WMP

*latak₂   PWMP *latak₂, mud. WMP

*la(n)taw   PWMP *la(n)taw, to float. WMP

*latay   PPH *latay, to lay down a walkway over muddy ground. WMP

*la(n)t(e)qas   PWMP *la(n)t(e)qas, direct. WMP

*latiŋ   PWMP *latiŋ, to spring back, bounce off. WMP

*latiq   PWMP *latiq, swidden farm in swampy ground. WMP

*latu   PMP *latu, last burning bit; to snuff out a spark. WMP CMP

*la(n)tuk   PAN *la(n)tuk, curve. Formosan WMP

*latuk   PWMP *latuk, to hit, pound, rap on something. WMP

*latuq   PMP *latuq, edible seaweed sp.. WMP CMP

*lau   POC *lau, a fish, the banded sweetlips, Plectorhinchus spp.. OC

*laun   PWMP *laun, be stretched out, of time; old (of past crops that are still not consumed). WMP;  PWMP *ma-laun, old, kept for a long time (as rice). WMP

*lauŋ   PMP *lauŋ, howl. WMP CMP SHWNG

*lauR   PWMP *lauR, circular opening. WMP

*lawa₁   PAN *lawa₁, wide. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*lawa₂   PWMP *lawa₂, spider. WMP

*lawa₃   PWMP *lawa₃, drop by, pay a visit. WMP

*lawa₄   PWMP *lawa₄, body. WMP

*lawag   PPH *lawag, to hunt, search for something. WMP

*lawan₁   PMP *lawan₁, kind of long fishnet. WMP CMP OC

*lawan₂   PWMP *lawan₂, exceed. WMP

*lawaŋ₁   PWMP *lawaŋ₁, wide, spacious. WMP

*lawaŋ₂   PWMP *lawaŋ₂, door, gate, passageway. WMP

*lawaq₁   PMP *lawaq₁, dip net, scoop net. WMP OC

*lawaq₂   PAN *lawaq₂, spider; spider web. Formosan;  PMP *lawaq₂, spider; spider web. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PMP *ka-lawaq, spider">spider. WMP CMP;  PWMP *kala-lawaʔ, spider">spider. WMP;  PMP *lawaq-lawaq, spider; spider web. WMP CMP OC;  PWMP *la-lawaq, spider">spider. WMP

*lawaq₃   PWMP *lawaq₃, broad, wide. WMP

*lawaqan   PPH *lawaqan, kind of hardwood tree. WMP

*lawaR   PAN *lawaR, flying squirrel. Formosan

*lawas₁   PAN *lawas₁, wide, broad. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG

*lawas₂   PWMP *lawas₂, body. WMP

*lawas₃   PAN *lawas₃, internode of bamboo; section of something. Formosan WMP

*láway   PPH *láway, saliva. WMP

*laway   PAN *laway, thread, yarn. Formosan WMP CMP;  PWMP *laway-an, device for making thread or yarn. WMP

*law(e)qay   PPH *law(e)qay, offensive to decency, immodest. WMP

*lawi₁   PMP *lawi₁, long tail feathers of bird or rooster. WMP CMP OC;  PWMP *lawi-lawi, something that resembles a tail feather (?). WMP

*lawi₂   PWMP *lawi₂, top of a tree, tip, extremity. WMP

*lawig   PPH *lawig, long, of time; protracted. WMP

*lawit₁   PMP *lawit₁, hook. WMP CMP

*lawit₂   PPH *lawit₂, ritual for calling back the soul (?). WMP

*layab   PPH *layab, flutter, flicker. WMP

*layak   PWMP *layak, purpose, intention. WMP

*layaŋ₁   PWMP *layaŋ₁, to fly, soar through the air. WMP

*layaŋ₂   PWMP *layaŋ₂, wide, broad, open (of land). WMP

*layap   PAN *layap, to fly. Formosan WMP

*layaR   PAN *layaR, sail. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *maR-layaR, to sail, set sail. WMP;  PCEMP *pa-layaR, to sail. SHWNG OC

*layas₁   PPH *layas₁, to desert a place, flee. WMP

*layas₂   PPH *layas₂, to overflow its banks, of a river; to flood field (for planting). WMP

*layláy   PPH *layláy, to wilt, wither, droop, as plants; dangling, hanging loosely. WMP

*layu   PAN *layu, wither, wilt. Formosan WMP;  PMP *ma-layu, wither. WMP;  PWMP *pa-layu, make something wither, let something wither or wilt. WMP

*láyug   PPH *láyug, tall, of trees (especially coconut palms). WMP

*layun   PPH *layun, to continue, persist in something. WMP


 

TOP      la    le    li    lo    lu    

le

*lebág   PPH *lebág, to swell, as a wound. WMP

*lebak₁   PWMP *lebak₁, pound, thud. WMP

*lebak₂   PWMP *lebak₂, ravine, glen, valley. WMP

*le(m)baŋ   PWMP *le(m)baŋ, valley, watercourse between hills. WMP

*le(m)baq   PWMP *le(m)baq, valley, watercourse between hills. WMP

*lebas   PWMP *lebas, naked, nude, undressed. WMP

*lebék   PPh *lebék, to pound ( rice, etc.) in a mortar. WMP

*le(m)beŋ   PWMP *le(m)beŋ, valley. WMP

*lebeŋ₁   PAN *lebeŋ₁, to bury. Formosan WMP CMP;  POC *lopoŋ, to bury. OC

*lebeŋ₂   PPH *lebeŋ₂, pond, pool; lagoon. WMP

*lebet   PMP *lebet, set close together, dense, luxuriant. WMP CMP

*lebiq   PMP *lebiq, excess, surplus. WMP CMP

*le(b)leb   PWMP *le(b)leb, forfeit (a pledge, etc.). WMP

*lebleb₁   PAN *lebleb₁, foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain. Formosan;  PAN *ma-lebleb, foggy, misty, overcast, gloomy, of weather preceding rain. Formosan

*lebleb₂   PMP *lebleb₂, sink, submerge; overflow. WMP;  POC *lolop, overflow, be inundated. OC

*lebug   PWMP *lebug, muddy water. WMP

*lebuk   PWMP *lebuk, to pound, thud. WMP

*lebuq   PMP *lebuq, village area. WMP CMP

*lebuR   PWMP *lebuR, mud, muddy water. WMP

*lecik   PAN *lecik, fly off, of solid bits or water droplets. Formosan WMP

*lecit   PMP *lecit, squeeze out, squirt out. WMP OC

*lecut   PWMP *lecut, squeeze out, slip out. WMP

*ledek   PWMP *ledek, to pound into powder, as grain. WMP

*ledem   PPH *ledem, shaded, shadowy. WMP

*ledep   PAN *ledep, to dive, swim under water. Formosan WMP;  PAN *l<um>edep, to dive, swim under water. Formosan WMP

*ledled   PAN *ledled, to rub the eyes. Formosan WMP

*leguŋ   PWMP *leguŋ, booming sound. WMP

*le(ŋ)gur   PMP *le(ŋ)gur, thunder. WMP CMP

*lekab   PAN *lekab, open, uncover. Formosan WMP

*le(ŋ)kaŋ   PMP *le(ŋ)kaŋ, separate, disunite. WMP CMP

*le(ŋ)kaq   PMP *le(ŋ)kaq, to split open. WMP CMP OC

*lekas₁   PMP *lekas₁, open, undress, remove, release. WMP CMP

*lekas₂   PWMP *lekas₂, quick, quickly. WMP

*lekeb   PWMP *lekeb, cover, shut in. WMP

*leken   PMP *leken, coil. WMP CMP

*lekep₁   PWMP *lekep₁, cover, shut in. WMP

*lekep₂   PWMP *lekep₂, complete, replete. WMP

*lekes   PMP *lekes, roll, curl up. WMP CMP

*leket   PWMP *leket, sticky, adhesive; stuck in one’s memory. WMP

*leku   PMP *leku, bend, fold, folding part of the body; curl up on the ground, of an animal. WMP CMP OC

*lekup   PWMP *lekup, to peel off. WMP

*lekuq₁   PAN *lekuq₁, bend; bending part, joint. Formosan WMP;  POC *lokuq, bend. OC

*lekuq₂   PPH *lekuq₂, lie down, curl up (of animals). WMP

*leleb   PWMP *leleb, to forfeit, lose by failure to meet an obligation. WMP

*lem   PMP *lem, in, inside. WMP;  POC *lom, in, on, at. OC

*lemaq   PWMP *lemaq, soft, weak, slack. WMP

*lemba   PCMP *lemba, to carry on a shoulder pole. CMP

*lembut   PWMP *lembut, soft. WMP

*lemek₁   PAN *lemek₁, soft. Formosan WMP

*lemek₂   PMP *lemek₂, fertile, of soil. WMP CMP

*lemeŋ₁   PMP *lemeŋ₁, wet, of soil. WMP CMP

*lemeŋ₂   PWMP *lemeŋ₂, cook in a tube of green bamboo. WMP

*lemeq   PWMP *lemeq, soft, weak, flexible. WMP;  PWMP *ma-lemek, soft, tender. WMP

*lemer   PMP *lemer, soaking wet. WMP CMP

*lemes   PMP *lemes, stifle, suffocate; drown. WMP;  POC *lomos, submerge, go under water. OC;  PPH *ma-lemes, drown. WMP;  PWMP *lemes-en, to intentially drown, cause to drown. WMP

*lem(e)tub   PWMP *lem(e)tub, blister. WMP

*lemi   PWMP *lemi, soft, weak. WMP

*lemiq₁   PWMP *lemiq₁, dent, dimple. WMP

*lemiq₂   PMP *lemiq₂, to press, knead. WMP;  POC *lomiq, to press, knead. OC

*lemlem   PAN *lemlem, dark, of weather; overcast. Formosan WMP

*lemu   PWMP *lemu, weak, frail; gentle in personality. WMP

*lemuy   PWMP *lemuy, soft, weak. WMP

*lenlen   PPH *lenlen, to push aside. WMP

*lentik   PWMP *lentik, graceful curve. WMP

*leñab   PWMP *leñab, < a class="findlink" href="acd-ak_s.htm#sound">sound, of sleep. WMP

*leñeb   PWMP *leñeb, disappear under water. WMP

*leñej   PWMP *leñej, sink, disappear under water. WMP

*leñep   PWMP *leñep, disappear under water. WMP

*leŋa   PMP *leŋa, sesame. WMP CMP

*leŋen   PMP *leŋen, forearm, lower arm. WMP CMP

*leŋkeb   PWMP *leŋkeb, lie prone, face-down. WMP

*leŋkiq   PMP *leŋkiq, scream. WMP CMP

*leŋkuk   PMP *leŋkuk, bend, curve. WMP CMP

*leŋkuŋ   PMP *leŋkuŋ, concave, curved inward. WMP;  POC *loguŋ, to bend. OC

*lepad   PPH *lepad, to fly; flight. WMP

*le(m)pag   PWMP *le(m)pag, strike, hit. WMP

*lepak₁   PMP *lepak₁, break, crack off. WMP OC

*lepak₂   PWMP *lepak₂, thud. WMP

*lepap   PWMP *lepap, flat. WMP

*lepas   PWMP *lepas, to set free, let loose, liberated; passed by, come to an end. WMP

*lepaw₁   PAN *lepaw₁, hut. Formosan;  PMP *lepaw₂, field hut, granary. WMP CMP

*lepaw₂   PPH *lepaw₃, surpass, exceed, overdo. WMP

*lepes   PMP *lepes, simultaneous, at once. WMP CMP

*lepet₁   PWMP *lepet₁, plug, stop up. WMP

*lepet₂   PMP *lepet₂, to fold. WMP CMP

*lepet₃   PWMP *lepet₃, wrapped packet of cooked rice. WMP

*lepik   PMP *lepik, snap, break off (twigs, etc.). WMP CMP

*lepiq   PWMP *lepiq, a fold or hem; to fold. WMP

*lepit₁   PMP *lepit₁, thin layer. WMP CMP

*lepit₂   PMP *lepit₂, to fold. WMP CMP;  POC *lobi, to fold. OC

*le(p)lep₁   PMP *le(p)lep, submerge, sink. WMP CMP

*leplep₂   PWMP *leplep, deep silence. WMP

*lepu   PMP *lepu, fish with poisonous dorsal spines. WMP CMP;  POC *lopu, fish with poisonous dorsal spines. OC

*lepuk   PWMP *lepuk, fall with a thud. WMP

*lepuq₁   PWMP *lepuq₁, crooked, of limbs; bone fracture. WMP

*lepuq₂   PMP *lepuq₂, fish with poisonous dorsal spines. WMP CMP;  POC *lopu, fish with poisonous dorsal spines. OC

*leput   PMP *leput, blow out, force out. WMP OC

*leq(e)guk   PWMP *leq(e)guk, gulp, swallow. WMP

*leqo   POC *leqo, voice. OC

*leseq   PMP *leseq, nit, egg of a louse. WMP SHWNG

*lesi   PCMP *lesi, excess; excessive. CMP

*lesit   PWMP *lesit, squeeze out, squirt out. WMP

*lesles₁   PPH *lesles₁, lift up the clothes, roll up the pant legs (as when crossing shallow water). WMP

*lesles₂   PMP *lesles₂, to wring, squeeze out by twisting or wringing. WMP;  POC *lolos, wring. ;  POC *lolos-i, wring, squeeze out (trans.). OC

*lesu₁   PWMP *lesu₁, puncture. WMP

*lesu₂   PCMP *lesu₂, come out, take out. CMP

*lesu₃   PWMP *lesu₃, fatigued, exhausted. WMP;  PWMP *l<um>esu, to grow weak or exhausted. WMP

*lesuŋ   PMP *lesuŋ, rice mortar. WMP CMP

*le(n)tak   PMP *le(n)tak, clack the tongue. WMP CMP

*letak₁   PWMP *letak₁, split, crack. WMP

*letak₂   PWMP *letak₂, fetter, restriction. WMP

*le(n)taw   PWMP *le(n)taw, to float. WMP

*letay₁   PCMP *letay₁, above. CMP

*letay₂   PCMP *letay₂, bridge. CMP

*letek   PWMP *letek, clattering sound. WMP

*letik   PWMP *letik, flick with the finger; sound of flicking. WMP

*letiq   PWMP *letiq, thunder and lightning together. WMP

*letlet   PWMP *letlet, wind around, roll up. WMP

*letub   PWMP *letub, blister. WMP

*letup   PWMP *letup, blister. WMP

*lezep   PAN *lezep, submerge, disappear under water. Formosan WMP


 

TOP      la    le    li    lo    lu    

li

*liad   PWMP *liad, to bend backward, protruding the abdomen. WMP

*lian   PMP *lian, to change appearance. WMP OC

*liaŋ   PMP *liaŋ, cave, cavern. WMP CMP OC

*lias   PWMP *lias, deflect, divert. WMP

*libák   PPH *libák, attack from concealment, criticize from a distance. WMP

*libas₁   PWMP *libas₁, kind of sour edible fruit, possibly fruit of rattan. WMP

*libas₂   PWMP *libas₂, to pass someone by, overtake in walking, go past. WMP

*libat   PPH *libat, cross-eyed. WMP

*libeg   PPH *libeg, murky, roiled, of water. WMP

*libej   PWMP *libej, coil around, wrap with rope. WMP

*libet   PWMP *libet, turn, revolve. WMP

*lib(e)túŋ   PPH *lib(e)túŋ, deep place in river; pool of water left when a stream dries up. WMP

*libuR   PMP *libuR, murky, clouded, turbid. WMP CMP

*libut   PWMP *libut, surround, encircle, as game. WMP;  PWMP *pa-libut, surround, encircle. WMP

*licaw   PMP *licaw, shiny (of a smooth and polished surface). WMP;  POC *liso, shiny, dazzling. OC

*licin   PWMP *licin, smooth, slippery. WMP

*lidam   PAN *lidam, tongue. Formosan

*lidem   PWMP *lidem, dark in color or from the absence of light. WMP

*lidik   PWMP *lidik, cut. WMP

*li(n)dis   PWMP *li(n)dis, crush, roll over. WMP

*liduŋ   PAN *liduŋ, shelter, cover, protection; shade. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *ma-linduŋ-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *linduŋ-an, shelter. WMP

*lig(e)pít   PPH *lig(e)pít, fasten, as with a clip. WMP

*lig(e)say   PPH *lig(e)say, slippery; to slip. WMP

*liget   PWMP *liget, turn, rotate. WMP

*li(ŋ)get   PWMP *li(ŋ)get, gnash the teeth in anger or impatience. WMP

*lig(e)tas   PPH *lig(e)tas, to save, rescue. WMP

*ligid   PWMP *ligid, to roll over and over. WMP

*li(ŋ)gis   PWMP *li(ŋ)gis, crush, roll over. WMP

*lihem   PWMP *lihem, hide, conceal, do in secret. WMP

*lihim   PWMP *lihim, hide, conceal, do in secret. WMP

*li(ŋ)ji   PWMP *li(ŋ)ji, batten of a loom. WMP

*likab   PWMP *likab, to open, uncover. WMP

*likaC   PAN *likaC, lightning. Formosan;  PMP *kilat₁, lightning. WMP CMP OC;  PWMP *maR-kilat, to flash, of lightning. WMP;  PWMP *k<um>ilat, to lighten, to flash, of lightning. WMP;  PMP *kila-kilat, shine, flash repeatedly. WMP CMP OC

*likaw   PAN *likaw, curve, bend, winding. Formosan WMP CMP;  PAN *pa-likaw, (gloss uncertain). Formosan WMP;  PPH *likáw-en, to coil. WMP;  PPH *likáw-likáw, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  POC *liko₂, curve, bend, meander. OC

*li(ŋ)keD   PWMP *li(ŋ)keD, turn, wind. WMP

*li(ŋ)keŋ   PWMP *li(ŋ)keŋ, curvilinear. WMP

*likes   PMP *likes, wrap firmly around, encircle tightly. WMP;  POC *likos, wrap firmly around, encircle tightly. OC

*likeS   PAN *likeS, mosquito. Formosan

*liket   PMP *liket, sticky, adhesive. WMP CMP SHWNG

*lik(e)táw   PPH *lik(e)taw, jump over or across. WMP

*liki   POC *liki, little, small in size or amount. OC

*liklík   PPH *liklík, go around the edge, take a detour. WMP

*liko   POC *liko₁, commit suicide by hanging. OC

*liku₁   PMP *liku₁, deep place in a river. WMP CMP

*liku₂   PWMP *liku₂, winding or curving. WMP

*li(ŋ)kub   PWMP *li(ŋ)kub, to surround, encircle. WMP

*likud   PAN *likud, back. Formosan WMP CMP;  PAN *pa-likud, (gloss uncertain). Formosan WMP;  PMP *ta-likud, turn the back on. WMP CMP;  POC *ta-likur, turn the back to someone. OC;  PAN *likud-an, back area, place at the back?. Formosan WMP;  PAN *liku-likud, (gloss uncertain). Formosan WMP;  PAN *liku-likud-an, (gloss uncertain). Formosan

*li(ŋ)kug   PWMP *li(ŋ)kug, curled, curved. WMP

*likuŋ   PWMP *likuŋ, concave, curving inward. WMP;  PWMP *likuŋ-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP

*likup₁   PWMP *likup₁, to cover, enclose. WMP;  PWMP *likup-an, to cover up. WMP

*likup₂   PPH *likup₂, scoop, scooping tool. WMP

*likuq   PMP *likuq, zigzag, winding or curving. WMP CMP;  PWMP *liku-likuq, winding, curving repeatedly. WMP

*likut   PMP *likut, curl. WMP CMP

*lileq   PMP *lileq, whirlpool. WMP;  POC *liloq, whirlpool. OC

*lilim   POC *lilim, run amuck. OC

*lilin   PMP *lilin, beeswax. WMP CMP

*liliŋ₁   PMP *liliŋ₁, askew, in a slanting direction. WMP OC

*liliŋ₂   PMP *liliŋ₂, go in a circle. WMP OC;  PWMP *liliŋ-liliŋ, move around in a circling fashion. WMP

*lílip   PPH *lílip, hem. WMP

*lilit   PPH *lilit, rattan sp.. WMP

*liliu   POC *liliu, turn around, turn over. OC

*lima   PAN *lima, five. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PMP *lima ŋa puluq, fifty. WMP CMP OC;  POC *i-lima, five. OC;  PWMP *iŋ-lima, five times. WMP;  PWMP *ka-lima, five times. WMP;  PWMP *kuma-lima, fifth in order. WMP;  PAN *la-lima, five (in counting people). Formosan WMP OC;  PAN *maka-lima, five times. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-lima, divide into groups of five. WMP;  PWMP *maR-lima, divide into groups of five. WMP;  PMP *pa-lima, divide into five (?). WMP CMP;  PMP *paka-lima₁, five times. WMP;  POC *paka-lima₂, five times. OC;  PAN *Sika-lima, fifth (ordinal numeral). Formosan;  PMP *ika-lima, fifth (ordinal numeral). WMP CMP OC;  PAN *qa-lima, hand. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *taR-lima, five each, five together. WMP;  PWMP *ka-lima-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PAN *ma-lima-N, fifty. Formosan;  PPh *paR-lima-en, divide into five. WMP;  PWMP *lima-an, a set or group of five. WMP;  PMP *lima-lima, five by five, in groups of five. WMP CMP SHWNG OC

*limas   PMP *limas, bail out a canoe. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PMP *la-limas, bail. WMP CMP;  PWMP *maŋa-limas, bail out water. WMP;  PWMP *limas-an, to bail out completely. WMP;  PWMP *limas-en, bail. WMP

*limaw   PWMP *limaw, lime, citrus fruit. WMP

*limbun   PMP *limbun, heap up, pile up (as earth); dam. WMP CMP

*limbuŋ   PWMP *limbuŋ, place covered by shallow water. WMP

*liméd   PPH *liméd, concealed, secret; to deny, hide something. WMP

*limeŋ   PPH *limeŋ, hidden behind something else. WMP

*limes   PPH *limes, to drown. WMP

*limun   PMP *limun, to conceal; be concealed. WMP CMP

*limut   PMP *limut, moss, algae. WMP OC

*lináb   PPH *lináb, brilliant, sparkling. WMP

*linak   PPH *linak, calm, still, quiet. WMP

*linaŋ   PMP *linaŋ, calm, tranquil, of the surface of water. WMP CMP

*linaw   PMP *linaw, calm, still, as the surface of water. WMP CMP;  PMP *ma-linaw, calm, still, as the surface of water. WMP;  POC *ma-lino, calm, still, of the surface of water. OC

*linawa   PPH *linawa, breath, breath soul. WMP

*lindag   PWMP *lindag, toss about. WMP

*lindur   PWMP *lindur, earthquake. WMP

*linduR   PMP *linduR, earthquake. WMP CMP;  POC *lidruR, earthquake. OC

*lineŋ   PWMP *lineŋ, calm, tranquil, of the surface of water. WMP

*linis   PWMP *linis, smooth, fine (of texture). WMP

*línis   PPH *línis, clean. WMP;  PPH *linis-en, to clean. WMP

*linuR   PAN *linuR, earthquake. Formosan WMP

*liNuŋ   PAN *liNuŋ, calm, tranquil, of the surface of water. Formosan;  PMP *linuŋ, calm, tranquil, of the surface of water. WMP

*liñab   PWMP *liñab, greasy, fatty. WMP

*liŋ₁   PMP *liŋ₁, ring of ringing. WMP CMP

*liŋ₂   PMP *liŋ₂, word, speech. WMP CMP OC

*liŋa₁   PWMP *liŋa₁, inattentive. WMP

*liŋa₂   PWMP *liŋa₂, to hear, listen. WMP

*liŋak   PMP *liŋak, < a class="findlink" href="acd-ak_t.htm#turn">turn to the side. WMP CMP

*liŋaR   PWMP *liŋaR, look from side to side, turn the head in this way. WMP

*liŋas   PWMP *liŋas, unable to concentrate. WMP

*liŋát   PPH *liŋát, look quickly here and there, look hastily in all directions. WMP

*liŋáw   PWMP *liŋáw, become distracted or confused, as by noise. WMP

*liŋaw₁   PAN *liŋaw₁, shadow. Formosan WMP

*liŋaw₂   PPH *liŋaw₂, turn the head to look back. WMP

*liŋay₁   PWMP *liŋay₁, time of lengthening shadows; afternoon. WMP

*liŋay₂   PPH *liŋay₂, turn the head to look back. WMP

*liŋ(e)bas   PWMP *liŋ(e)bas, kind of axe or adze. WMP

*liŋed   PWMP *liŋed, hide, conceal. WMP

*liŋ(e)qet   PWMP *liŋ(e)qet, sweat, perspiration. WMP

*liŋeR   PWMP *liŋeR, turn the head a side. WMP

*liŋ(e)sad   PPH *liŋ(e)sad, low lying land. WMP

*liŋgaŋ   PWMP *liŋgaŋ, to sway back and forth, as plant stems in the wind. WMP

*liŋi   PCEMP *liŋi, to pour. CMP OC;  POC *ta-liŋi, spilt. OC;  POC *liŋi-liŋi, (gloss uncertain). OC

*liŋiq   PPH *liŋiq, turn one’s head to the side to look back. WMP

*liŋkep   PPH *liŋkep, to close up, shut, as a door. WMP

*liŋkit   PWMP *liŋkit, stick, adhere; join together. WMP

*liŋliŋ   PWMP *liŋliŋ, peep, peer at. WMP

*liŋu   PWMP *liŋu, get wrong, be mistaken; forget. WMP

*liŋus   PWMP *liŋus, turn the head a side. WMP

*lio-lio   POC *lio-lio, brown triggerfish: Pseudobalistes fuscus. OC

*lipak   PWMP *lipak, hit, slap. WMP

*lipas   PAN *lipas, to pass, pass by. Formosan WMP

*lipat   PPH *lipat, to forget. WMP;  PPH *lipat-en, forget, be forgotten. WMP

*lípay   PPH *lípay, joyful, happy. WMP

*lipay   PPH *lipay, kind of vine that causes swelling and itching. WMP

*lipéd   PPH *lipéd, to hide, conceal something. WMP

*lipen   PAN *lipen, tooth. Formosan WMP SHWNG;  POC *lipon, tooth. OC

*lipeŋ   PPH *lipeŋ, to feel light-headed; to faint, lose consciousness momentarily. WMP

*lipet   PAN *lipet, to fold, fold over. Formosan WMP

*lipis   PWMP *lipis, thinness, of materials. WMP

*lipit   PWMP *lipit, join together; beams used in house construction. WMP

*lipuC   PAN *lipuC, disappear behind something that envelops or blocks the view. Formosan WMP

*lipud   PWMP *lipud, cover, conceal. WMP

*lipuk   PPH *lipuk, to snap, break off. WMP

*lipuq   PMP *lipuq, village. WMP CMP

*liput₁   PMP *liput₁, surround, encircle, as in attacking someone. WMP CMP;  PWMP *l<um>iput, go around, envelop, surround. WMP

*liput₂   PPH *liput₂, treachery, betrayal. WMP

*liqə   PCEMP *liqə, voice. CMP SHWNG;  POC *liqo, voice. OC

*liq(e)beR   PPH *liq(e)beR, murkiness, turbidity, of water that has been stirred up. WMP;  PPH *ma-liqeb(e)R, murky, turbid, of water that has been stirred up. WMP

*liqed   PPH *liqed, footprints, tracks. WMP

*liqekep   PPH *liqekep, to shut, close. WMP

*liq(e)pit   PMP *liq(e)pit, press between two flat surfaces. WMP OC

*liqeR   PAN *liqeR, neck. Formosan WMP CMP;  POC *liqoR, neck. OC

*liqes   PWMP *liqes, nit, louse egg. WMP

*liqu   PWMP *liqu, forget. WMP;  PWMP *ma-liqu, forget. WMP

*liRi   PCMP *liRi, sound, voice. CMP

*lised   PPH *lised, poor, needy. WMP

*liseqeS   PAN *liseqeS, nit, egg of a hair louse. Formosan;  PMP *lisehaq, liseqah, nit, egg of a hair louse. WMP CMP;  POC *lisa, nit, egg of a louse. OC

*lislís   PPH *lislís, to roll up sleeves or pant legs. WMP

*li(ŋ)suŋ   PWMP *li(ŋ)suŋ, mortar. WMP

*litas   PPH *litas, to tear, rip (as cloth). WMP

*litek   PMP *litek, muddy; sticky, as mud. WMP CMP

*li(n)tem   PWMP *li(n)tem, deep black, shiny black. WMP

*liteq   PMP *liteq, sap of a tree or plant. WMP CMP SHWNG

*lítid   PPH *lítid, tendon, ligament; prominent veins. WMP

*li(n)tik   PMP *li(n)tik, snap off, snapping or clicking click. WMP CMP OC

*litlit   PAN *litlit, wind around, bind by winding around. Formosan WMP;  PAN *ma-litlit, be or become wound around something. Formosan WMP;  PAN *pa-litlit, to make something wind around something else. Formosan WMP

*lituk₁   PPH *lituk₁, to bend, curve. WMP

*lituk₂   PPH *lituk₂, flick with the finger. WMP

*liu₁   PMP *liu₁, surpass, exceed. WMP CMP OC

*liu₂   PMP *liu₂, circle round, circumvent. WMP OC;  POC *li-liu, turn a round, change direction. OC

*liug   PWMP *liug, to bend, bow. WMP

*liuS   PAN *liuS, a. Formosan WMP OC

*liut₁   PWMP *liut₁, go around, encircle. WMP

*liut₂   PMP *liut₂, to twist, as a limb. WMP OC

*liwag   PPH *liwag, put off, delay, postpone, break one’s promise. WMP

*líwan   PPH *líwan, outside. WMP

*liwaŋ   PWMP *liwaŋ, open space. WMP

*liwed   PWMP *liwed, scatter to and fro. WMP

*liwet   PWMP *liwet, to pass around or near someone or something. WMP


 

TOP      la    le    li    lo    lu    

lo

*loan   POC *loan, endure, last a long time. OC

*loki   POC *loki, bend; crooked. OC

*lolan   PCMP *lolan, to cut off a piece. CMP

*loma   POC *loma, flood, of sea. OC

*loRo   POC *loRo, large red tree ant. OC

*loso-loso   POC *loso-loso, bathe, swim. OC

*loto₁   POC *loto₁, inner self, feelings, mind. OC

*loto₂   POC *loto₂, boil, abscess. OC


 

TOP      la    le    li    lo    lu    

lu

*luá   PPH *luá, interjection used to halt a carabao in the fields. WMP

*luab   PMP *luab, boil up, as boiling rice; boil over. WMP CMP OC

*luaŋ₁   PMP *luaŋ₁, hole in the ground. WMP CMP OC

*luaŋ₂   PPH *luaŋ₂, wide open space. WMP

*luaq   PMP *luaq, spit out (food, substances alien to the body), to spew. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  POC *lua-ki, spit something out, vomit something. OC

*luás   PPH *luás, take a trip; commence a voyage. WMP;  PPH *l<um>uas, to leave on a trip, start a voyage. WMP

*luas₁   PMP *luas₁, outside; outside area; spacious, roomy. WMP CMP

*luas₂   PPH *luas₂, remove the clothes, undress. WMP

*lubaŋ₁   PAN *lubaŋ₁, burial pit. Formosan;  PMP *lubaŋ₁, hole, pit. WMP;  PWMP *maR-lubaŋ, to dig a hole or pit. WMP;  PAN *l<um>ubaŋ, to bury, place in a pit or hole. Formosan

*lubaŋ₂   PPH *lubaŋ₂, to plant root crops, plant cuttings. WMP

*lubaŋ₃   PPH *lubaŋ₃, mortar or gin for crushing plant material. WMP

*lu(m)baR   PWMP *lu(m)baR, pay out a rope. WMP

*lubay   PPH *lubay, ear-ring. WMP

*lubet   PWMP *lubet, buttocks. WMP

*lúbid   PPH *lúbid, string, rope, cordage made by twining fibers. WMP;  PPH *lubid-en, twist fibers into twine. WMP

*lublúb   PPH *lublúb, tinder; start a fire. WMP

*lubuk₁   PWMP *lubuk₁, cave, cavern, possibly submarine. WMP

*lubuk₂   PMP *lubuk₂, to pound with a pestle. WMP CMP

*lubuk₃   PAN *lubuk₃, bag, sack. Formosan WMP

*lubús   PPH *lubús, completely, to the end. WMP

*lubut   PPH *lubut, a hole; make a hole in, perforate. WMP

*lucak   PWMP *lucak, trample earth, turn into mud, as a paddy field prior to planting. WMP

*lu(n)cuR   PWMP *lu(n)cuR, slip or slide down. WMP

*lucut   PWMP *lucut, squeeze or squirt out. WMP

*luCuŋ   PAN *luCuŋ, the Formosan rock monkey: Macaca cyclopis. Formosan WMP

*ludaq   PAN *ludaq, saliva. Formosan;  PMP *ludaq, saliva; to spit. WMP CMP;  PAN *l<um>udaq, to spit. Formosan WMP

*ludeg   PPH *ludeg, wrestle, seize and throw a person to the ground. WMP

*ludem   PWMP *ludem, dim, overcast. WMP

*ludlud₁   PPH *ludlud₁, scrub hard to remove dirt. WMP

*ludlud₂   PPH *ludlud₂, to worsen, deteriorate, as a condition. WMP

*lu(n)duq   PWMP *lu(n)duq, < a class="findlink" href="acd-ak_d.htm#deep">deep, of sleep. WMP

*luem   PAN *luem, ripe. Formosan WMP

*lúgaw   PPH *lúgaw, rice porridge. WMP;  PPH *l<in>ugaw, rice porridge. WMP;  PPH *lugaw-en, to make into gruel, rice porridge. WMP

*lug(e)múk   PPH *lug(e)múk, fall in a heap (of a person whose legs collapse). WMP

*luges   PPH *luges, to force upon, oppress. WMP

*lugit   PWMP *lugit, to gouge or pry out. WMP

*luglug   PMP *luglug, shake something in the water; shake something with water in it. WMP;  POC *luluk, shake something in the water. OC

*luh(e)naw   PPH *luh(e)naw, green, as vegetation. WMP

*luhit   PWMP *luhit, lever up. WMP

*luhúd   PPH *luhúd, act of kneeling. WMP;  PPH *l<um>uhúd, to kneel. WMP

*lujan   PMP *lujan, cargo; load a canoe. WMP OC

*lu(ŋ)ka   PWMP *lu(ŋ)ka, split, cleave. WMP

*luka   PMP *luka, wound. WMP CMP

*lukab   PWMP *lukab, turn up at the edge, expose the bottom side. WMP

*lukag   PPH *lukag, to wake up early, be early in rising. WMP

*lu(ŋ)kas   PMP *lu(ŋ)kas, remove, loosen, untie. WMP OC

*lukat₁   PWMP *lukat₁, purify ritually, exorcise. WMP

*lukat₂   PPH *lukat₂, to uproot, expose by uncovering. WMP

*lu(ŋ)keb   PWMP *lu(ŋ)keb, cover. WMP

*luk(e)bán   PPH *luk(e)bán, a citrus fruit, the pomelo. WMP

*lukeNaw   PAN *lukeNaw, Formosan clouded leopard. Formosan

*luk(e)saq   PPH *luk(e)saq, to be in mourning. WMP

*luk(e)súh   PPH *luk(e)súh, to jump, leap across. WMP

*luk(e)tún   PPH *luk(e)tún, young locust. WMP

*lukluk   PPH *lukluk, hide, stay in a tight or hidden place. WMP

*luktun   PPH *luktun, young wingless locust. WMP

*lukúb   PPH *lukúb, to encircle, surround. WMP

*lukuC   PAN *lukuC, parasitic plant sp.. Formosan WMP CMP

*lukun   POC *lukun, to bend, as an arm or leg. OC

*lukuq   PWMP *lukuq, bend. WMP

*lu(ŋ)kuq   PWMP *lu(ŋ)kuq, bend, curve. WMP

*lukut₁   PMP *lukut, roll or crumple up. WMP CMP

*lukut₂   PPH *lukut₂, small stingless bee. WMP

*lulug   PWMP *lulug, tinder, punk. WMP

*luluj   PAN *luluj, shin. Formosan WMP CMP

*luluN   PAN *luluN, to roll up, as a mat. Formosan WMP;  PMP *lulun, to roll up, as a mat. WMP CMP OC;  PWMP *lulun-en, to roll up. WMP

*luma   POC *luma, forelegs of an animal. OC

*lúmaq   PPH *lúmaq, old, worn out. WMP

*lumay   PPH *lumay, love charm, aphrodisiac. WMP;  PPH *lumay-en, give a love potion to someone. WMP

*lumbar   PMP *lumbar, set free. WMP OC

*lumbaR   PWMP *lumbaR, to pay out a rope. WMP

*lumbeq   PWMP *lumbeq, a race, running competition. WMP

*lumbu   PMP *lumbu, plant sp.. WMP CMP

*lumbuŋ₁   PMP *lumbuŋ₁, pit, deep cavity in the ground. WMP CMP

*lumbuŋ₂   PMP *lumbuŋ₂, rice barn, granary. WMP CMP

*lumek   PWMP *lumek, oily, as the hair or skin. WMP

*lumeŋ   PMP *lumeŋ, smear. WMP CMP

*lumes   PMP *lumes, smear. WMP CMP

*lumiq   PMP *lumiq, to fold, hem. WMP OC

*lumpaŋ   PWMP *lumpaŋ, pound in a mortar. WMP

*lumpat   PWMP *lumpat, to jump, as fish in the water. WMP

*lumpuk   PMP *lumpuk, cluster, group. WMP CMP

*lumpuŋ   PWMP *lumpuŋ, cluster, group. WMP

*lumpuq   PWMP *lumpuq, paralyzed, lame. WMP

*lumu₁   POC *lumu₁, oil, grease. OC

*lumu₂   PMP *lumu₂, soft, tender, gentle. WMP CMP OC;  PMP *ma-lumu, soft, tender, gentle. WMP OC

*lumuk   PMP *lumuk, oily, as the hair or skin. WMP OC

*lumun   PPH *lumun, to live with someone as a free guest. WMP

*lumut   PMP *lumut, moss, algae, seaweed. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *ŋa-lumut, to form moss on something. WMP;  PMP *lumut-an, covered with moss. WMP OC;  PWMP *lumut-en, covered with moss. WMP;  PMP *lumut-lumut, moss. WMP CMP OC

*lumúy   PPH *lumúy, soft, smooth. WMP

*lunag   PPH *lunag, to melt, as lard. WMP

*lunas   PWMP *lunas, keel of a boat. WMP

*lunaw   PWMP *lunaw, soft watery mud. WMP

*lunday   PPH *lunday, canoe, small boat. WMP

*lunduq   PWMP *lunduq, deep, of sleep. WMP

*lunek₁   PWMP *lunek₁, pulpy, fleshy, as a fruit; soft flesh around the seeds of a fruit. WMP

*lunek₂   PPH *lunek₂, solid residue left after squeezing to remove coconut oil, etc.. WMP

*lunlún   PPH *lunlún, to sweep aside, clean by throwing aside. WMP;  PPH *lunlún-en, to sweep aside, clean by throwing aside. WMP

*lunlun   PWMP *lunlun, gulp down food, gorge on one food to the exclusion of others. WMP

*lunsan   PPH *lunsan, coup-de-grace, fatal blow. WMP

*lunu₁   PCMP *lunu₁, to roll up. CMP

*lunu₂   PPH *lunu₂, unconscious. WMP

*lúnud   PPH *lúnud, to sink. WMP;  PPH *ma-lúnud, to sink, submerge, capsize. WMP

*lúnus   PPH *lúnus, to become soft or overripe, as fruits that are kept too long. WMP

*lunuy   PPH *lunuy, wade through waist-deep water. WMP

*lunzag   PWMP *lunzag, jump up to reach something. WMP

*luNuŋ   PAN *luNuŋ, cloud. Formosan

*luñaw   PWMP *luñaw, mud, muddy. WMP

*luŋáluŋ   PPH *luŋáluŋ, shelter, temporary hut. WMP

*luŋan   POC *luŋan, rollers for beaching a canoe. OC

*luŋ(e)búy   PPH *luŋ(e)búy, a tree and its fruit, the Java plum: Syzygium cumini. WMP

*luŋun   PWMP *luŋun, coffin. WMP

*lupa   PMP *lupa, to forget. WMP CMP

*lu(m)pak   PWMP *lu(m)pak, break, split off. WMP

*lupas₁   PAN *lupas₁, peach. Formosan

*lupas₂   POC *lupas₂, loosen, untie. OC

*lupasáy   PPH *lupasáy, in a resting position. WMP

*lupaS   PAN *lupaS, spit, spit out. Formosan WMP

*lupaypáy   PPH *lupaypáy, droopy, languid. WMP

*lupes   PPH *lupes, infertile rice grain, husk without grain inside. WMP

*lupi   PWMP *lupi, dream. WMP

*lu(m)pi   PWMP *lu(m)pi, fold, hem. WMP

*lupiŋ   PPH *lupiŋ, nick or dent on the cutting edge of a blade. WMP

*lupíŋ   PPH *lupíŋ, droopy- eared (as dogs). WMP

*lupiq   PWMP *lupiq, fold, hem. WMP

*lupis₁   PWMP *lupis₁, thinness, of materials. WMP

*lupis₂   PPH *lupis₂, outer layer of abaca plant. WMP

*luput   PWMP *luput, lose, let slip by. WMP

*luqaq   PWMP *luqaq, outside. WMP

*luqar   PMP *luqar, outside. WMP CMP

*luqaR   PMP *luqaR, outside, wide open spaces; loose. WMP CMP OC

*luq(e)kip   PPH *luq(e)kip, insert between, slip in. WMP

*luqemit   PMP *luqemit, to fold, press. WMP OC

*luq(e)nit   PPH *luq(e)nit, healed, of a wound with shiny skin. WMP

*luqepit   PMP *luqepit, press between two flat surfaces; to press down, crush. WMP;  POC *lupit, to press down, crush. OC

*lu(q)luq   PWMP *lu(q)luq, crush. WMP

*luqúb   PPH *luqúb, inside area, estuary. WMP

*luquk   PWMP *luquk, bay. WMP

*luqum   PWMP *luqum, hold in the mouth. WMP

*lurus   PMP *lurus, straight. WMP CMP

*lusa₁   POC *lusa, shoot at, throw a spear at. OC

*lusa₂   PPH *lusa₂, overcooked until mushy, as rice or vegetables. WMP

*lusak   PPH *lusak, muddy, as ground. WMP

*lusiq   PPH *lusiq, prepuce, foreskin; pull back the prepuce. WMP;  PPH *lusiq-en, to pull back the foreskin. WMP

*luslus   PMP *luslus, hernia; to slip down, slip off, pull back the foreskin of the penis. WMP;  POC *lulus, slip off. OC

*lusuŋ   PMP *lusuŋ, rice mortar. WMP SHWNG

*lu(ŋ)suR   PWMP *lu(ŋ)suR, slip or slide down. WMP

*lusút   PPH *lusút, to slip through, pass through. WMP

*luSeq   PAN *luSeq, tears. Formosan;  PMP *luheq, tears. WMP CMP;  PAN *maR-luSeq, to shed tears, weep. Formosan;  PMP *maR-luheq, to shed tears, weep. WMP;  PPH *l<um>uheq, to shed tears, weep. WMP;  PPH *luheq-an, cry about something. WMP

*lútab   PPH *lútab, foam, spume, froth. WMP

*lutak   PWMP *lutak, mud. WMP

*lutaŋ   PWMP *lutaŋ, float. WMP

*lutáq   PPH *lutáq, mud, ground, earth. WMP

*lutaw   PWMP *lutaw, to float. WMP

*lutay   PAN *lutay, weak, exhausted. Formosan WMP

*lutek   PPH *lutek, mud. WMP

*lutuk₁   PAN *lutuk₁, the Formosan hare: Lepus sinensis formosus. Formosan

*lutuk₂   PWMP *lutuk₂, sound of breaking or pounding. WMP

*lutuq   PWMP *lutuq, cook. WMP;  PWMP *ma-lutuq, cook. WMP

*lutuy   PPH *lutuy, tired, weak, exhausted. WMP

*luya₁   PWMP *luya₁, nausea, nauseated. WMP

*luya₂   PWMP *luya₂, weak, worn-out, second-hand. WMP

*luya₃   PPH *luya₃, to blame, accuse. WMP

*luyak   PWMP *luyak, soft through exposure to moisture; sticky. WMP

*luyaŋ   PWMP *luyaŋ, bronze. WMP

*luyek   PWMP *luyek, soft mud. WMP

*luylúy   PPH *luylúy, flabby. WMP

*luyu   PWMP *luyu, sag, droop. WMP

*luyuŋ   PWMP *luyuŋ, sway, totter. WMP

*luyut   PWMP *luyut, sag, bend under weight. WMP

*luzaq   PWMP *luzaq, saliva; to spit. WMP

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Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content) – Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-hw_l.htm