![]() | Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Index to Sets
(click on a *proto-form for its set)
a b c C d e g h i j k l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u w y z
ua ub ud ug uh ui uj uk ul um un uN uñ uŋ up ur uR us uS ut uu uy uz *u PWMP *u₁, genitive particle. WMP *ua₁ PAN *ua₁, exclamation of surprise, etc.. Formosan WMP OC *ua₂ PMP *ua₂, parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, Me. WMP CMP OC *uak₁ PMP *uak₁, harsh cry, bellow, loud cry. WMP CMP *uak₂ PMP *uak₂, retch. WMP CMP *uaq PMP *uaq, parents’ elder sibling: FeB, FeZ, MeB, MeZ. WMP OC *uaʔ PMP *uaʔ, parents' elder sibling. WMP CMP OC *ubak PWMP *ubak, tree bark. WMP *ubal PWMP *ubal, rise to the surface of water. WMP *ubek PWMP *ubek, immature rice grain (?). WMP *ubeŋ PMP *ubeŋ, to block, to dam up. WMP CMP *ubet PMP *ubet, buttocks, posterior. WMP CMP *ubuC PAN *ubuC, pluck, pull out. Formosan; PMP *ubut, pluck, pull out. WMP *ubun (ubun) PWMP *ubun (ubun), fontanel; crown of the head. WMP *ubuŋ PMP *ubuŋ, ridge of the roof. WMP CMP *ubus PPH *ubus, to finish, consume, use up. WMP *udahik PWMP *udahik, upstream part of a river. WMP; PWMP *um-udahik, go upstream. WMP *udaliq PWMP *udaliq, deception. WMP *udehi PMP *udehi, last; come after or behind; late, later; future; stern of a boat; youngest child. WMP CMP; PCEMP *udi, follow, come after. CMP; POC *uri, follow, come after. OC; PMP *kama-udehi, rear part, stern or rudder of a boat. WMP CMP; PWMP *ka-udehi-an, the last, at the rear. WMP; PMP *ma-udehi, behind, last. WMP; PCEMP *m-udi, last, come after or behind; late, later; future; stern of a boat; youngest child; west; young; outside. CMP; POC *muri, after, behind; the outside of an object; stern of a canoe. OC; POC *m-uri qaqe, m-uri waqe, heel. OC; PWMP *pa-udehi, behind, after. WMP; PWMP *udehi-an, the one who is behind (?). WMP *udip PPH *udip, to patch a hole in a net or mat. WMP *udu PAN *udu, grass. Formosan WMP CMP *uduŋ PMP *uduŋ, hut, temporary shelter. WMP CMP; POC *uruŋ, a shelter. OC *uduq₁ PMP *uduq₁, stammer. WMP CMP *uduq₂ PMP *uduq₂, carved wooden figure, charm used to provide magical protection. WMP CMP *ugaliq PWMP *ugaliq, custom, manner, way, habit. WMP *ugaq PWMP *ugaq, loosely embedded, wobbly; to shake. WMP *ugbús PPH *ugbús, tip or shoot of growing plant. WMP *ugəŋ PWMP *ugəŋ, spin without wobbling, of a top. WMP *ugtu PPh *ugtu, zenith; noon, mid-day. WMP *uhaŋ PWMP *uhaŋ, inttervening space. WMP *uhaq PWMP *uhaq, cry of a newborn infant. WMP *uit₂ PWMP *uit₂, bring. WMP; PWMP *um-uit, bring, carry. WMP; PWMP *in-uit, brought by, carried by. WMP *ujan PMP *ujan, cargo; load a canoe. WMP; POC *ucan, load, cargo, freight. OC *ujuŋ PAN *ujuŋ, nose. Formosan WMP CMP; POC *ucuŋ, nose. OC *uka₁ POC *uka₂, bowstring. OC *uka₂ PAN *uka₁, negative existential: there is none. Formosan *ukaŋ PWMP *ukaŋ, slow and tentative movement. WMP *u(ŋ)kaŋ PWMP *u(ŋ)kaŋ, spread open, as the legs. WMP *ukap PPH *ukap, pull off, remove covering. WMP *u(ŋ)kaq PMP *u(ŋ)kaq, open. WMP CMP *uki PWMP *uki, vulva, vagina; pet name for girls. WMP *ukir PMP *ukir, carving, sculpture. WMP CMP; PWMP *maŋ-ukir, to carve. WMP; PWMP *ukir-an, carving, thing made by carving wood. WMP *úkit PPH *úkit, to remove something from an attached position. WMP *ukuk PMP *ukuk, cough; to cough; sound of coughing. WMP CMP OC *ukup PMP *ukup, brood, sit on eggs; cover completely. WMP CMP *ukuq PWMP *ukuq, bent over, hunched. WMP *u(ŋ)kuq PWMP *u(ŋ)kuq, puppy (?). WMP *ulak PWMP *ulak, reel, spool (in weaving). WMP; PWMP *ulak-an, reel, spool (in weaving). WMP *ulaŋ PAN *ulaŋ, repeat, do again. Formosan WMP CMP *ulaqul PPH *ulaqul, hypersensitive, weeping easily. WMP *ulaw PAN *ulaw, confusion, perplexity. Formosan WMP; PAN *ma-ulaw, dazed, confused. Formosan WMP *ulay₂ PMP *ulay₂, to stir, mix together. WMP; POC *ule₂, to stir, mix together. OC *ulayan PPH *ulayan, tree sp.. WMP *uli PCMP *uli, pry up, prise up. CMP *ulila PWMP *ulila, orphan. WMP *uliq₁ PMP *uliq₁, return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro. WMP; PCEMP *oliq, uliq, return. CMP OC; PPh *i-uliq, take something home. WMP; PPh *maka-uliq₂, able to return. WMP; PWMP *maŋ-uliq, return something; to. WMP; PPh *maR-uliq, return; go back. WMP; PMP *pa-uliq, return, send back. WMP OC; PMP *paka-uliq, return something to someone. WMP OC; PMP *um-uliq, return home. WMP CMP; POC *m-ule, return home. OC; PWMP *uliq-an, go home. WMP; PWMP *uliq-en, go home. WMP; PMP *uliq uliq, repeat. WMP; POC *oliq oliq, to and fro. OC *uliq₂ PWMP *uliq₂, get, obtain. WMP; PWMP *maka-uliq₁, able to obtain. WMP *ulitáu PPh *ulitáu, bachelor, young unmarried man. WMP *ulug PWMP *ulug, mock, ridicule. WMP *uluR PWMP *uluR, flow, stream together. WMP *ulus PWMP *ulus, slide down. WMP *-um- PAN *<um>, verbal infix marking actor voice. Formosan; PMP *<um>, verbal infix marking actor voice for intransitive verbs, and of inchoatives. WMP *umah PPH *umah, to kiss. WMP; PPH *umah-an, to kiss someone. WMP *umaN PAN *umaN, again. Formosan; PMP *uman, again. WMP *umaS PAN *umaS, to pickle, preserve meat or fish. Formosan *umat PPH *umat, inquire about, mention someone. WMP *umaw PPH *umaw, mute, dumb. WMP *umbak umbak PWMP *umbak umbak, pump, pumping motion. WMP *umbaŋ PWMP *umbaŋ, to float. WMP *umbaw PMP *umbaw, top part; high. WMP CMP *umbul PWMP *umbul, spring, fountain. WMP *umel PMP *umel, speechless, dumb, mute. WMP SHWNG *umpaŋ PMP *umpaŋ, plug, obstruct. WMP CMP *umpeŋ PWMP *umpeŋ, dam, water barrier. WMP *umpis PWMP *umpis, deflated, empty. WMP *umpu PMP *umpu, grandparent/ grandchild (recipr.); ancestor. WMP CMP; PMP *ta-umpu, grandparent/ grandchild (referential term used reciprocally). WMP; POC *tubu₂, grandparent/ grandchild; ancestor. OC *umpuk PWMP *umpuk, heap, pile, collection. WMP; PWMP *umpuk-an, heap, pile, collection. WMP *umuR PAN *umuR, hold in the mouth. Formosan CMP *unab PPH *unab, to wash rice or plants preparatory to cooking. WMP *unah PMP *unah, precede, go or be first; earlier, former. WMP CMP; PMP *um-unah, go first. WMP OC; PPh *unah-an, first. WMP; PPh *unah-unah, precede, go before. WMP *unduD PWMP *unduD, retreat, move backward. WMP *undur PWMP *undur, retreat, fall back. WMP *untay₁ PWMP *untay₁, hang. WMP *untay₂ PMP *untay₂, citrus fruit. WMP CMP *untul PWMP *untul, bounce, rebound. WMP *unum PCEMP *unum, drink. CMP SHWNG OC; POC *unum-unum, drink. OC *unuŋ PPH *unuŋ, fixed, constant, steady; forever. WMP *unzan PWMP *unzan, add to, increase. WMP *unzet PWMP *unzet, startled, make a startled movement. WMP *unzur PWMP *unzur, shove, thrust forward. WMP *uNay PAN *uNay, sliver, splinter, foreign body embedded in the flesh. Formosan; PMP *unay, sliver, splinter. WMP *uNuq PAN *uNuq, beads, necklace. Formosan; PMP *unuq, beads, necklace. WMP *uñat PPh *uñat, to stretch, straighten out. WMP; PPh *ma-uñat, stretch. WMP; PPh *uñat-en, stretch. WMP *uŋap PMP *uŋap, open the mouth wide. WMP CMP *uŋay PAN *uŋay, ritually sacrificed monkey?. Formosan *uŋit PWMP *uŋit, tease, vex, annoy. WMP *uŋkat PWMP *uŋkat, recall or drag up disagreeable past experiences. WMP *uŋkir PWMP *uŋkir, deny, refuse to acknowledge. WMP *úŋur PPh *úŋur, moan, growl. WMP *uŋus PWMP *uŋus, snout, beak. WMP *uŋut PWMP *uŋut, mumble angrily, grumble. WMP *úŋut PPH *úŋut, coconut shell drinking cup or dipper. WMP *upak₁ PWMP *upak₁, bark, rind, sheath; to peel off bark. WMP *upak₂ PWMP *upak₂, slap, hit, beat. WMP *upaq PMP *upaq, compensation, reward. WMP CMP; PWMP *maŋ-upaq, pay for the use of something. WMP; PWMP *upaq-an, be paid; payment. WMP *upas₁ PMP *upas₁, poison, venom of a snake. WMP CMP *upas₂ PPH *upas₂, fiber of banana stalk. WMP *upe PEMP *upe, end of tuber that is kept for planting. SHWNG OC *upek PWMP *upek, piece broken off, husk. WMP *upi PCEMP *upi, to blow. CMP SHWNG OC; POC *upi-a, blow on or into. OC *upik PWMP *upik, break off. WMP *upis PWMP *upis, husk, bark. WMP *upit PWMP *upit, press, squeeze together. WMP *upu PEMP *upu, germinating coconut (?). SHWNG; POC *ubu, young coconut. OC *upuk PWMP *upuk, clap, slap, pound. WMP *upun PMP *upun₁, gather in masses, as smoke. WMP CMP *upup PAN *upup, bullfrog. Formosan *urag PPH *urag, sexual indulgence, orgy. WMP *urit PPH *urit, stripe, streak, line. WMP *uRem PWMP *uRem, hold in the mouth, hold with the mouth. WMP *uReŋ PAN *uReŋ, horn of an animal. Formosan WMP *uRis PPH *uRis, albino, unnaturally white. WMP *uRup PWMP *uRup, assist, assistance; to help, assist. WMP *usauR PPH *usauR, to go downstream, go with the current. WMP *usay PPH *usay, to explain, elucidate, talk through a problem. WMP *u(n)sek PMP *u(n)sek, press into. WMP CMP; POC *usok, press into. OC *usi PCMP *usi, relative of the third ascending or descending generation. CMP *usik PMP *usik, disturb, annoy. WMP OC *usiŋ PPH *usiŋ, charcoal. WMP *uso POC *uso, core of a fruit. OC *usu POC *usu, push, launch a canoe. OC *usuk PMP *usuk, press into, crouch; enter crouching; drive in stakes. WMP CMP OC; PWMP *usuk-an, drive in (stakes, etc.). WMP *usuq PMP *usuq, rub, wipe. WMP OC; POC *usuq-a, rub (it), wipe (it). OC *usuri POC *usuri, copy, imitate, pass on. OC; POC *paka-usuri, to teach. OC *uSa PAN *uSa, go. Formosan; PAN *pa-uSa, to send away. Formosan; PAN *um-uSa, to go, to walk. Formosan *utan PAN *utan, taro variety. Formosan WMP *utaña PMP *utaña, ask, inquire. WMP CMP SHWNG *utaq PAN *utaq, vomit. Formosan WMP; PWMP *ka-utaq, (gloss uncertain). WMP; PWMP *maŋ-utaq, to vomit. WMP; POC *mu-mutaq, to vomit. OC; PAN *pa-utaq, cause to vomit. Formosan WMP; PAN *um-utaq, to vomit. Formosan WMP CMP; PCEMP *mutaq, to vomit. CMP OC; PAN *utaq-an, vomit (imperative). Formosan WMP; PAN *utaq-en, vomit. Formosan WMP *útas PPH *útas, to keep on doing something, continue in one’s ways. WMP *uteŋaq PWMP *uteŋaq, wobble, come loose, of something attached. WMP *utik PMP *utik, marine fish with thorny skin. WMP SHWNG *utiŋ PMP *utiŋ, tang of a knife, etc.. WMP CMP *uton POC *uton, fish net float. OC *utuŋ PWMP *utuŋ, extremity, tip. WMP *utuq PWMP *utuq, vocative term for boys. WMP *utuR PCMP *utuR, a string of something; to string. CMP *utus₁ PMP *utus₁, break under tension, as a rope. WMP OC *utus₂ PWMP *utus₂, send on a mission, command someone to do something. WMP *uy PMP *uy, exclamation to express surprise, call attention, etc.. WMP CMP *úyaŋ PPH *úyaŋ, polite term of address to an older woman (?). WMP; PPH *uyáŋ-en, polite. WMP *uyaw PPH *uyaw, to mock, ridicule, jeer at. WMP; PPH *uyaw-en, to mock, ridicule, jeer at. WMP *uyeg PWMP *uyeg, shake, sway, stagger. WMP *uyug PWMP *uyug, shake, sway, stagger. WMP *uyun₁ PWMP *uyun₁, bunch, bundle (probably of long objects). WMP *uyun₂ PPH *uyun₂, to agree. WMP *uyuR PMP *uyuR, shake, sway, stagger. WMP CMP *uyut₁ PWMP *uyut₁, carrying pouch or small basket. WMP *uyut₂ PWMP *uyut₂, to swing, be unsteady. WMP |
a b c C d e g h i j k l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u w y z
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content)
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-hw_u1.htm