![]() | Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Index to Sets
(click on a *proto-form for its set)
a b c C d e g h i j k l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u w y z
eb ed eg ej ek el em en eñ eŋ ep er eR es et ez *e POC *e, numeral prefix; cardinal numeral marker. OC *ebuk PMP *ebuk, dust, powder. WMP CMP *ebun PMP *ebun, heap, pile, swarm, flock; to swarm, assemble, gather. WMP; POC *opun, heap, pile. OC *ebuq PWMP *ebuq, gut a fish, eviscerate. WMP *ebuR PMP *ebuR, sow, strew, scatter. WMP CMP *ebus PWMP *ebus, finished, gone. WMP *edaŋ PWMP *edaŋ, light, radiance; shine. WMP *edaq PMP *edaq, vetative; don't. WMP CMP *edeg PWMP *edeg, back (of humans or animals). WMP *edem₁ PWMP *edem₁, overcast; dull lustre. WMP; PWMP *ma-edem, overcast; dull lustre. WMP *edem₂ PAN *edem₂, soak, dye. Formosan WMP *eden PWMP *eden, to brood, sit on eggs. WMP *egaŋ PWMP *egaŋ, dry, dried up. WMP *egap PWMP *egap, gasp, open the mouth to breathe. WMP; PWMP *um-egap, gasp. WMP *egik PMP *egik, high-pitched throaty sound. WMP CMP *e(ŋ)guk PMP *e(ŋ)guk, make a gurgling sound. WMP CMP *ejaq PWMP *ejaq, vetative; don't. WMP *e(ŋ)juŋ PWMP *e(ŋ)juŋ, nose. WMP *e(ŋ)kab PWMP *e(ŋ)kab, open, uncover. WMP *e(ŋ)kak PMP *e(ŋ)kak, choke, gasp, struggle for breath. WMP CMP; PWMP *eŋkak-eŋkak, choke, gasp, struggle for breath. WMP *ekal PPH *ekal, to remove, take off or out. WMP *ekaŋ PWMP *ekaŋ, hoot, croak. WMP *ekap PMP *ekap, gasp for air. WMP CMP *e(ŋ)keb PMP *e(ŋ)keb, a cover, to cover. WMP CMP; POC *okop, cover with something (?). OC *e(ŋ)kek PMP *e(ŋ)kek, subdued laughter; sobbing. WMP CMP *ekeŋ PMP *ekeŋ, stiff. WMP CMP *ekep PMP *ekep, brood, sit on eggs. WMP CMP *eket PWMP *eket, stick, adhere. WMP *e(ŋ)kik PMP *e(ŋ)kik, shrill cry. WMP CMP *ekit PMP *ekit, squeak, shriek. WMP CMP *ekuk PMP *ekuk, croak. WMP CMP *ekup PWMP *ekup, enclose, cover. WMP *elak PMP *elak, separate two things. WMP CMP *elem₁ PMP *elem₁, shade, darkness. WMP CMP *elem₂ PWMP *elem₂, cautious, suspicious. WMP *elet₁ PMP *elet₁, borrow, be in debt. WMP CMP *elet₂ PWMP *elet₂, exert strength or effort. WMP *eliŋ PMP *eliŋ, high-pitched sound. WMP CMP *eluŋ PMP *eluŋ, bend, curve. WMP CMP *ema₁ PMP *ema₁, father's sister, possibly address term. WMP CMP; PMP *ema-q, father's sister, possibly address term. WMP CMP *embaq PWMP *embaq, bring, take along. WMP *embaw PWMP *embaw, high, on top. WMP *embej PWMP *embej, bind the waist; band around the waist. WMP *embeŋ PMP *embeŋ, a dam; to dam a stream. WMP CMP; POC *opoŋ, block, obstruct. OC *embet PWMP *embet, bind the middle. WMP *embut PWMP *embut, to pound, of the pulse. WMP; PWMP *embut-embut, fontanel. WMP *emeg PWMP *emeg, damp, moist. WMP *emis PMP *emis₁, sweet taste. WMP CMP SHWNG *emit PMP *emit, small in quantity, few; trifling amount. WMP CMP *empas PWMP *empas, fall away, crumble (as a wall). WMP *empeŋ PMP *empeŋ, block, obstruct, dam a stream. WMP CMP *empu PMP *empu, grandparent/ grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner. WMP CMP SHWNG; PWMP *empu-an, object of respect; distinguished or respected person. WMP; PWMP *empu-ni-a, owner, possessor. WMP; PWMP *empú-ŋ, grandfather, grandmother; ancestor (vocative). WMP; PMP *empu-q, grandfather, grandmother, ancestor (vocative). WMP CMP; PMP *maki-empu, grandchild. WMP; POC *mokobu, grandchild. OC; PWMP *paki-empu, (gloss uncertain). WMP; PWMP *paŋ-empu-an, what is honored, object of honor or respect. WMP; PMP *t-empu, grandparent/ grandchild (ref.). WMP SHWNG *emuŋ PWMP *emuŋ, gather, collect together. WMP; PWMP *maŋ-emuŋ, to gather, collect together. WMP *emuR PMP *emuR, hold in the mouth. WMP CMP; POC *omuR, hold in the mouth. OC *-en PAN *-en, verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice; nominal suffix marking product of an action or thing affected by an action. Formosan WMP *ena PMP *ena, catch or get caught in a trap; hit mark with spear, etc.. WMP; POC *ona₂, spear; sharpened pitfall stake. OC *enap PMP *enap, scale of a fish. WMP CMP *enat PPH *enat, to pull something toward oneself. WMP; PPH *enat-en, to pull something toward oneself. WMP *enda PWMP *enda, no, not. WMP *endaŋ PWMP *endaŋ, stop, come to a stop. WMP; PWMP *endaŋ endaŋ, stop. WMP *enduR PMP *enduR, thunder. WMP CMP *endut PWMP *endut, spring, springing back when pressed down. WMP *enem PAN *enem, six. Formosan WMP CMP; PEMP *onəm, six. SHWNG; POC *onom, six. OC; PAN *a-enem, six (of humans). Formosan WMP; PWMP *iŋg-enem, six times. WMP; PMP *ika-enem, six. WMP CMP; POC *ika-onom, six. OC; PWMP *ka-enem, do six times. WMP; PAN *maka-enem, six times (frequentative multiplicative). Formosan WMP; PMP *pa-enem, divide into six (?). WMP CMP; PMP *paka-enem, six times. WMP; POC *paka-onom, six times. OC; PAN *paR-enem-en, do six times. Formosan WMP; PPh *enem-an, group of six. WMP; PMP *enem ŋa puluq, six. WMP CMP; POC *onom ŋa puluq, six. OC; PMP *enem enem, six by six, six at a time. WMP; POC *onom onom, six by six, six at a time. OC *enep PPh *enep, keep to oneself. WMP *entul PWMP *entul, bounce, rebound. WMP *enzak PWMP *enzak, step, tread; stamp. WMP *enzi PWMP *enzi, term of address to girls. WMP; PWMP *enzi-q, term of address to girls. WMP *eñat PWMP *eñat, stretch. WMP *eñep PMP *eñep, sunken, submerged. WMP CMP *eŋap PMP *eŋap, gasp for breath. WMP OC *eŋaq PWMP *eŋaq, wide open (mouth). WMP *eŋeŋ PWMP *eŋeŋ, buzz, hum. WMP *eŋer PMP *eŋer, to growl, snarl. WMP CMP *eŋes PPh *eŋes, sniffle, snore. WMP *eŋga PWMP *eŋga, no, not. WMP *eŋgem PMP *eŋgem, hold something inside the mouth. WMP; POC *oŋkom, hold in the mouth. OC *eŋik PWMP *eŋik, high-pitched sound of complaint. WMP *eŋit PPH *eŋit, laugh; laughter. WMP *eŋkaŋ PWMP *eŋkaŋ, spread the legs. WMP *eŋkaq PWMP *eŋkaq, breathe quickly or deeply. WMP *eŋkel PMP *eŋkel, bent, stooped. WMP CMP; POC *oŋkol, bend, stoop over. OC *eŋkeŋ PMP *eŋkeŋ, moan, hum, howl. WMP CMP *eŋker PWMP *eŋker, low guttural or rumbling sound; snore, roar. WMP *eŋkus PWMP *eŋkus, snort, sniff; blow air through the nostrils. WMP *eŋkut PMP *eŋkut, guttural sound. WMP CMP *eŋus PPh *eŋus, sniffle, pant. WMP *eŋut PMP *eŋut, complain loudly. WMP CMP *epak PWMP *epak, break, crack, split. WMP *epan PWMP *epan, start a fire. WMP *epaŋ PMP *epaŋ, notch; notched. WMP CMP *epap PWMP *epap, clap, flap, slap. WMP *epeŋ PMP *epeŋ, make a dull sound in the ears. WMP CMP *epid PWMP *epid, braid, intertwine. WMP *epiq PMP *epiq, burnt food which adheres to the pot. WMP CMP *epis PPH *epis, fibrous material at base of coconut frond. WMP *epit₁ PMP *epit₁, burnt food which adheres to the pot. WMP CMP *epus PMP *epus, stump, stub; finish, complete. WMP CMP; POC *opus, finish something. OC *eput PWMP *eput, puff, blow suddenly. WMP *erak PWMP *erak, harsh loud sound. WMP *erit PCEMP *erit, scratch, scrape. CMP; POC *orit, scratch, scrape, peel. OC *erut PWMP *erut, rumbling sound. WMP *eRes PMP *eRes, shrink (of living things). WMP CMP *eRiq PMP *eRiq, sword grass: Imperata cylindrica. WMP CMP SHWNG *esa PAN *esa, one. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC; PAN *a-esa, one (of humans). Formosan WMP; PCEMP *asa₂, one (of humans). CMP SHWNG; PPh *maka-esa, once. WMP; PMP *esa esa, one by one. WMP CMP *esak PMP *esak, cooked, ripe. WMP; PMP *ma-esak, cooked, ripe. WMP CMP SHWNG; POC *maosak, cooked, ripe. OC *esek PMP *esek₁, crowd. WMP; POC *osok, crowd. OC *esem PWMP *esem, sour. WMP; PWMP *ma-esem, sour. WMP *eseŋ PMP *eseŋ, blow the nose by pinching off one nostril. WMP CMP *esuŋ PMP *esuŋ, rice mortar. WMP CMP *etak PWMP *etak, notch, as in a tree trunk; notch-shaped area under the glans penis. WMP *eták PPh *eták, bush knife, machete. WMP *etas PWMP *etas, slash, chop away. WMP *eteb PWMP *eteb, cut off, prune. WMP *etek PWMP *etek, knock. WMP; PWMP *ŋ-etek, knock lightly. WMP *etel PMP *etel, constipation; packed hard and firm. WMP CMP *e(n)teŋ PMP *e(n)teŋ, stare, look fixedly at. WMP CMP; POC *otoŋ, stare at. OC *eter PMP *eter, shake, vibrate, tremble. WMP CMP *etes₁ PMP *etes₁, chop, hack, cut off. WMP CMP *etes₂ PWMP *etes₂, cross a river. WMP *etik PWMP *etik, little, few; small amount. WMP; PWMP *sa-etik, a little bit. WMP *etip PWMP *etip, burnt rice which adheres to the pot. WMP *etuk PMP *etuk, knock, pound, thud. WMP CMP |
a b c C d e g h i j k l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u w y z
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content)
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-hw_e1.htm