*i   

ia    ib    ic    id    ie    ig    ih    ij    ik    il    im    in    iñ    iŋ    io    ip    iq    ir    iR    is    iS    is    it    iu    iw    iz    

*-i₁   PAN *-i₁, imperative suffix. Formosan WMP

*-i₂   PMP *-i₂, local transitive suffix. WMP OC

*i₁   PAN *i₁, exclamation of wonder, disgust, etc.. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*i₂   PAN *i₂, in. Formosan WMP OC

*i₃   PAN *i₃, personal article. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*i₄   PCEMP *i₄, numeral prefix. CMP OC

*-ia   POC *-ia, transitive and imperative suffix. OC

*ia₁   PAN *ia₁, 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she; him, her, it. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PAN *si ia₁, 3sg. personal pronoun: he, she, it. Formosan WMP CMP;  PAN *ni-ia, he. genitive, his, it. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*ia₂   PMP *ia₂, demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here; that, there. WMP CMP OC;  PAN *si ia₂, demonstrative pronoun and adverb: this, here; that, there. Formosan WMP

*iag   PMP *iag, cry out, shout. WMP CMP

*iak   PMP *iak, cry out, shout. WMP CMP

*ian₁   PWMP *ian₁, dehortative: don't!. WMP

*ian₂   PAN *ian₂, dwell, reside, live in a place. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *ian-an, reside. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *paR-ian-an, location, place where one stays. WMP;  PWMP *um-ian, to stay, dwell, reside. WMP

*ian₃   PWMP *ian₃, that, there (probably 2p.). WMP

*iap   PSHWNG *iap, kind of brown fish. SHWNG

*iaqi   PMP *iaqi, demonstrative marker of uncertain meaning. WMP SHWNG OC

*ias₁   PMP *ias₁, particle of doubt or interrogation. WMP OC

*ias₂   PWMP *ias₂, maggot, fly egg. WMP

*iba   PPH *iba, another, other; different, distinct. WMP

*iba iba   PMP *iba iba₁, remainder, surplus. WMP;  POC *iba iba₂, remainder, surplus. OC

*iba₁   PWMP *iba₁, self. WMP

*iba₂   PPh *iba₂, bad, evil. WMP

*ibak   PMP *ibak, break or split off. WMP CMP

*ibaS   PAN *ibaS, companion, close relative, other one. Formosan;  PMP *ibah, companion, close relative, other one. WMP;  PMP *ibah-an, companion, close relative, other one. WMP CMP;  PWMP *ka-ibah-an, companion, close relative, other one. WMP

*ibe   POC *ibe, mat. OC

*ibeR   PMP *ibeR, saliva in the mouth; drool; desire, crave, lust for. WMP;  POC *ipoR, saliva in the mouth; drool; desire, crave, lust for. OC;  PWMP *ibeR ibeR, drool profusely (?). WMP;  PWMP *ibeR-en, drool. WMP;  PWMP *ka-ibeR, having desire for. WMP;  PWMP *ka-ibeR ibeR, constant longing. WMP;  PWMP *ma-ibeR, desiring, craving. WMP

*ibit   PMP *ibit, touch, grasp. WMP CMP

*ibo   POC *ibo, edible sea worm: Sipunculus spp.. OC

*ibu₃   POC *ibu, container for liquids. OC

*ibuk   PMP *ibuk, dull, muffled sound. WMP CMP

*ibun   PPh *ibun, bird sp.. WMP

*ibus₁   PWMP *ibus₁, the gebang palm: Corypha gebanga. WMP

*ibus₂   PPH *ibus₂, dessert made of rice. WMP

*ibut₁   PMP *ibut₁, pull out, uproot. WMP;  POC *iput₂, pull out, uproot. OC

*ibut₂   PWMP *ibut₂, breeze. WMP

*icak   PWMP *icak, step, tread on. WMP

*icir   PWMP *icir, creep, crawl. WMP

*icud   PMP *icud, budge, shift, move aside. WMP CMP OC

*ida   PMP *ida, they, them (cf *da). WMP CMP;  PEMP *ira, they, them. SHWNG OC;  PWMP *ni ida, of them, by them. WMP;  PMP *si ida, they. WMP CMP;  PEMP *sira, they, them. SHWNG OC

*idal   PPH *idal, to fuss, complain; to rebel, cause a disturbance. WMP

*i(n)dan   PWMP *i(n)dan, to praise, eulogize, honor someone. WMP

*idap   PWMP *idap, hold a grudge. WMP

*idas₁   PAN *idas₁, affine of Ego's generation. Formosan WMP

*idas₂   PWMP *idas₂, a strand, as of rope. WMP

*idau   PPH *idau, kind of snake. WMP

*idi   PMP *idi, then, at that time. WMP;  PEMP *iri, then, at that time. SHWNG

*idus   PMP *idus, nasal mucus, snot. WMP CMP

*ieq   PMP *ieq, this. WMP CMP;  PWMP *di-ieq, here. WMP

*ígat   PPh *ígat, freshwater eel. WMP

*i(ŋ)git   PWMP *i(ŋ)git, resent, resentment. WMP

*ihap   PMP *ihap, count, calculate. WMP CMP;  PPh *ihap-en, count. WMP

*ihi   PMP *ihi, exclamation of surprise, etc.. WMP CMP OC

*ijan   PAN *ijan, when?. Formosan WMP;  POC *ican, when?. OC;  POC *ana<ŋa>ican, when? (past). OC;  PMP *ŋa-ijan, when?. WMP OC;  PMP *p-ijan, when?. WMP;  PCMP *pijan, when?. CMP

*ijuŋ   PMP *ijuŋ, nose. WMP CMP;  POC *icuŋ, nose. OC;  PCEMP *ijuŋ mata, face. CMP;  PWMP *ijuŋ-an, fish sp.. WMP

*ikamen   PPh *ikamen, woven sleeping mat. WMP

*ikay   PMP *ikay, mallet for beating bark into bark cloth. WMP;  POC *ike, mallet for beating bark into bark cloth. OC

*ikej   PWMP *ikej, cough. WMP

*ikel   PWMP *ikel, curly, wavy (as the hair). WMP

*i(ŋ)kes   PMP *i(ŋ)kes, bound firmly. WMP CMP

*i(ŋ)kit   PWMP *i(ŋ)kit, bite. WMP

*ikuD   PAN *ikuD, to follow. Formosan WMP

*ikud   PAN *ikud, to sit. Formosan;  PMP *iŋkud, to sit. WMP

*ikuŋ   PMP *ikuŋ, tail. WMP CMP

*ikuR   PAN *ikuR, tail. Formosan WMP CMP OC;  PMP *ikuR ni mata, outer corner of the eye. WMP CMP;  PMP *ikuR ikuR, trailing behind. WMP OC;  PMP *ikuR ikuR ni asu, a plant with flowers the shape of a dog's tail, used to treat abscesses. WMP CMP;  PWMP *maŋ-ikuR, be at the rear. WMP;  PWMP *maR-ikuR, have a tail. WMP

*ikut₁   PMP *ikut₁, to follow, join with. WMP CMP

*ikut₂   PPH *ikut₂, selfish, stingy, niggardly. WMP

*íkut₃   PPH *íkut₃, to revolve, twirl round. WMP

*ila   PWMP *ila₂, see (abstract things), foresee, know. WMP

*ilah   PMP *ilah, wild, timorous, shy. WMP;  POC *ila₁, wild, timorous, shy. OC;  PWMP *ilah-an, shy, ashamed. WMP;  PWMP *ma-ilah₁, wild, shy, skittish. WMP

*ilap₁   PMP *ilap₁, flicker, of flames. WMP OC

*ilap₂   PMP *ilap₂, silhouette, shadow; glimpse of something. WMP CMP

*ilaw   PMP *ilaw, reflect at (a reflection, etc.). WMP;  POC *ilo₂, look at. OC

*ilek   PWMP *ilek, armpit. WMP

*ileŋ   PMP *ileŋ, turn, rotate. WMP

*ilep   PPH *ilep, to sip, as hot soup. WMP

*ileR   PWMP *ileR, having defective eyes. WMP

*ilet   PWMP *ilet, tight. WMP

*ili   POC *ili, thwarts of a canoe. OC

*iliŋ₁   PMP *iliŋ₁, pour. WMP OC

*iliŋ₂   PWMP *iliŋ₂, see, examine, look at closely. WMP

*iliŋ₃   PWMP *iliŋ₃, shake the head in negation, shake the head from side-to-side. WMP

*íliw   PPh *íliw, homesick; miss for something that is missed. WMP

*iliʔ   PWMP *iliʔ, flow, current. WMP

*ilo   POC *ilo₁, inside, interior; thoughts, emotions, memories. OC

*ilu   PWMP *ilu, orphan; orphaned. WMP

*iluR₁   PMP *iluR₁, spittle, saliva. WMP CMP

*iluR₂   PAN *iluR₂, river channel. Formosan WMP

*ima   PAN *ima, who?. Formosan;  PAN *ni-ima, whose?. Formosan;  PAN *si-ima, who?. Formosan WMP

*ima₁   PMP *ima₁, five. WMP CMP

*ima₂   PCEMP *ima₂, kind of pandanus with leaves useful for plaiting. CMP SHWNG OC

*imah   PAN *imah, drink. Formosan;  PAN *um-imah, to drink. Formosan

*imbaŋ   PMP *imbaŋ, weigh, balance, compare. WMP CMP

*imbu   PMP *imbu, stench, strong unpleasant odor. WMP CMP

*imbuk   PMP *imbuk, nature spirit. WMP CMP

*imbuq   PWMP *imbuq, increase, addition. WMP

*imbuR   PWMP *imbuR, scatter, strew. WMP

*imit   PWMP *imit, use sparingly. WMP

*impas   PPH *impas, consumed; paid up. WMP

*impes   PWMP *impes, deflate, subside (of a swelling). WMP

*impu₁   PMP *impu₁, collect, heap up. WMP CMP

*impu₂   PMP *impu₂, grandparent. WMP CMP;  PMP *t-impu, grandparent. WMP;  POC *tibu₂, ancestor, grandparent. OC

*imput   PWMP *imput, tail-bone of animals. WMP

*ímut   PPh *ímut, stingy, selfish. WMP

*-in-   PAN *<in>, perfective marker. Formosan WMP CMP OC

*ina   PAN *ina, mother, mother's sister. Formosan;  PMP *ina, mother, mother's sister; female animal. WMP;  PCEMP *ina, mother, mother's sister; female animal; largest member of a set. CMP SHWNG OC;  PMP *ina ama, parents. WMP CMP OC;  PWMP *ina ina, foster mother, stepmother. WMP;  PMP *ina ni lima, thumb. WMP CMP;  PWMP *ina-en, aunt. WMP;  PMP *iná-i, mother, mother's sister (address, vocative). WMP CMP;  PMP *iná-ŋ, mother, mother's sister (address, vocative). WMP CMP;  PAN *iná-q, mother, mother's sister (address, vocative). Formosan WMP;  PWMP *kam-ina-en, mother's sister, father's sister. WMP;  PAN *maR-ina, to be mother and child. Formosan WMP;  PWMP *paR-ina-an, aunt. WMP;  PMP *ra-ina, mother. WMP CMP;  PAN *ta-ina, mother (ref.). Formosan;  PMP *t-ina, mother (ref.). WMP CMP SHWNG OC

*inap   POC *inap, sneer, laugh in derision. OC

*inaR   PPH *inaR, rays of the sun. WMP

*inda₁   PMP *inda₁, exclamation of wonder, pain, etc.. WMP CMP

*inda₂   PWMP *inda₂, mother. WMP

*inda₃   PWMP *inda₃, no, not. WMP

*indaŋ   PWMP *indaŋ, inspect, examine. WMP

*indu   PWMP *indu, mother animal; leader; large one of a class. WMP;  PWMP *indu-ŋ, mother animal; leader; large one of a class. WMP;  PWMP *indu-q, mother animal; leader; large one of a class. WMP

*inem   PWMP *inem, drink. WMP

*ini   PAN *ini, negative marker: no, not. Formosan

*insan   PWMP *insan, union, unity. WMP

*inu   PAN *inu, where?. Formosan WMP

*inum   PMP *inum, drink. WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *inum-a, drink it! (imper.). WMP;  PWMP *inum-an, drink, beverage. WMP;  PWMP *inum-en, be drunk by; what is drunk: drink, beverage. WMP;  POC *inum-ia, drink it! (imper.). OC;  PPh *in-inum, drank (past). WMP;  PWMP *ma-inum, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PMP *maŋ-inum, to drink (trans.). WMP CMP;  PWMP *maR-inum, to drink (habitual). WMP;  PMP *pa-inum, give someone something to drink. WMP CMP;  PWMP *pa-inum-en, give (him, her, it) something to drink (command). WMP;  PMP *paŋ-inum, (gloss uncertain). WMP CMP;  PWMP *paŋ-inum-an, drink. WMP;  PWMP *paR-inum, drunkard. WMP;  PMP *um-inum, to drink. WMP CMP OC;  POC *inum-inum, to drink (repetitive, frequentative, etc.). OC;  PMP *inum-inum-an, various drinks. WMP CMP

*inut   PWMP *inut, thrifty; to use sparingly. WMP

*inzak   PMP *inzak, step on, tread on, trample. WMP CMP;  PWMP *maŋ-inzak, to step on. WMP

*iñat   PWMP *iñat, stretch, pull something that stretches (as a rope). WMP;  PPh *iñát-en, stretch. WMP

*iŋaR   PMP *iŋaR, loud, unpleasant noise. WMP;  PCEMP *iŋaR, loud, of the voice; voice. CMP OC

*iŋas   PWMP *iŋas, poison with poisonous sap. WMP

*iŋat   PMP *iŋat, to note, remember; care, attention, caution. WMP CMP;  PWMP *iŋat-an, what is kept in mind. WMP;  PWMP *ma-iŋat, care. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-iŋat, remember, think about. WMP;  PWMP *maR-iŋat, take care, be careful. WMP;  PWMP *pa-iŋat, to warn, admonish. WMP;  PWMP *paR-iŋat, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PWMP *iŋat-iŋat, think about, think over. WMP

*iŋel₁   PWMP *iŋel₁, hear of hearing. WMP

*íŋel₂   PPh *íŋel₂, be angry, growl at. WMP

*iŋ(e)pis   PAN *iŋ(e)pis, thin (of material objects). Formosan WMP;  PWMP *ma-iŋ(e)pis, thin, of material objects. WMP

*iŋet   PWMP *iŋet, remember. WMP

*iŋgit   PPH *iŋgit, envy, envious. WMP

*iŋguk   PPh *iŋguk, deep throaty sound. WMP

*iŋkab   PWMP *iŋkab, to open, uncover. WMP

*iŋkaŋ   PWMP *iŋkaŋ, walk with legs wide apart. WMP

*iŋkem   PWMP *iŋkem, to close, shut. WMP;  PWMP *maŋ-iŋkem, to close, shut. WMP

*iŋkiŋ   PWMP *iŋkiŋ, little finger. WMP

*iŋkul   PWMP *iŋkul, bent into a curve. WMP

*iŋqiiŋ   PPh *iŋqiiŋ, shrill sound. WMP

*iŋsiD   PWMP *iŋsiD, move slightly, budge. WMP

*iŋsuŋ   PAN *iŋsuŋ, wooden rice mortar. Formosan WMP

*iŋus   PMP *iŋus, moan or groan. WMP CMP

*io   POC *io, spear. OC

*ipa-   PPh *ipa-, verb prefix: third-party causative- command. WMP

*ipak₁   PWMP *ipak₁, slap of smacking or slapping. WMP

*ipak₂   PWMP *ipak₂, split. WMP

*i-palu   POC *i-palu, make war on. OC

*ipen   PMP *ipen, tooth. WMP CMP;  POC *ipon, tooth. OC

*i(m)pes   PMP *i(m)pes, deflate, deflated, shrunken. WMP CMP

*ipi₁   POC *ipi₁, to blow. OC

*ipi₂   POC *ipi₂, the ‘ Tahitian chestnut’: Inocarpus fagiferus or I. edulis. OC

*ipil ipil   PPh *ipil ipil, a leguminous shrub: Leucaena glauca. WMP

*ipit   PAN *ipit, near, come near; edge, border. Formosan WMP CMP

*ipu-   POC *ipu-, hair, feather. OC

*ípun   PPh *ípun₃, rice variety. WMP

*ipus   PPh *ipus, tail. WMP

*iput   PMP *iput₁, narrow. WMP CMP

*iqi   PMP *iqi, exclamation of surprise, pain, etc.. WMP CMP OC

*iqit   PPh *iqit, scrape. WMP

*iraŋ₁   PWMP *iraŋ₁, red. WMP;  PWMP *ma-iraŋ, red; embarrassed. WMP

*iraŋ₂   PWMP *iraŋ₂, slope of a mountain. WMP

*irap   PPH *irap, to slice meat or fish. WMP;  PPH *iráp-en, to slice meat or fish. WMP

*irid₁   PMP *irid₁, fan; to fan. WMP CMP SHWNG;  POC *irir, fan. OC

*irid₂   PWMP *irid₂, pull, draw, drag. WMP;  PWMP *ŋ-irid, to pull, draw, drag. WMP

*iriŋ₁   PMP *iriŋ₁, follow; accompany. WMP OC;  PWMP *maŋ-iriŋ, follow; drive animals before one. WMP;  PWMP *paŋ-iriŋ, follow. WMP

*iriŋ₂   PPh *iriŋ₂, similar; imitate. WMP

*íris   PPH *íris, watery diarrhea. WMP

*iro iro   POC *iro iro, reflect, shine. OC

*iruq   PWMP *iruq, feel sad about, deplore. WMP

*iReteŋ   PWMP *iReteŋ, stretch. WMP;  PWMP *iReteŋ-en, to tight tightly. WMP

*iRik   PAN *iRik, thresh with the feet (as rice). Formosan WMP

*iRimo   POC *iRimo, a tree: probably Octomeles spp.. OC

*isa₁   PAN *isa₁, one. Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PWMP *isa-q, one. WMP;  PWMP *ika-isa, first. WMP;  PAN *isa-ŋa, the remaining one. Formosan WMP;  PAN *isa isa, distributive; one-by-one, one at a time. Formosan WMP CMP;  PMP *ma-isa, only, al one. WMP CMP;  PAN *paR-isa-an, to unite, combine in one. Formosan WMP

*isa₂   POC *isa₂, name. OC

*isaŋ   PWMP *isaŋ, gills. WMP OC

*isaw   PWMP *isaw, intestines. WMP

*ised   PMP *ised, budge, shift, move aside. WMP SHWNG

*isek   PWMP *isek, congest, crowd, be compressed or congested. WMP

*isem₁   PWMP *isem₁, smile, to smile. WMP

*isem₂   PWMP *isem₂, sour. WMP

*iseR   PMP *iseR, budge, shift, move aside. WMP SHWNG

*isi₁   PWMP *isi₁, tooth. WMP

*isi₂   PCEMP *isi₂, to peel, strip off. CMP OC

*isi₃   POC *isi₃, hiss. OC

*isi₄   POC *isi₄, to scrape, as coconut meat from a shell; to grate, as coconut meat. OC

*isi₅   PAN *isi₅, flesh (of humans, animals, fruits, tubers); reside; blade of a knife; inhabitants, residents. Formosan WMP CMP;  PWMP *isi-an, what is filled; container. WMP;  PMP *ka-isi, well-filled. WMP CMP;  PMP *ma-isi, filled with. WMP CMP;  PWMP *maŋ-isi, to fill. WMP;  PWMP *maR-isi, to contain. WMP;  PMP *pa-isi, contents. WMP

*ísip   PPh *ísip, thinking, thoughts; opinion. WMP;  PPh *isip-en, think (goal focus). WMP;  PPh *ka-ísip, (gloss uncertain). WMP;  PPh *ka-ísip-an, thought, opinions. WMP;  PPh *ma-ísip, wise, thoughtful. WMP

*isu₁   PMP *isu₁, budge, shift, move aside. WMP CMP SHWNG

*isu₂   PMP *isu₂, interjection used to chase off animal. WMP CMP

*isud   PMP *isud, budge, shift, move. WMP CMP OC

*isul   PPh *isul, retreat, back backwards. WMP

*isuR   PMP *isuR, budge, shift, move aside. WMP CMP SHWNG

*isut₁   PWMP *isut₁, little, small. WMP;  PWMP *ka-isut, little bit. WMP;  PWMP *ma-isut, little. WMP

*isut₂   PMP *isut₂, rub, scour, scrub. WMP SHWNG

*iSeq   PAN *iSeq, urine, urinate. Formosan WMP

*iSiq   PAN *iSiq, urine, urinate. Formosan;  PMP *ihiq, urine; urinate. WMP

*iSu   PAN *iSu, 2sg. personal pronoun: you. Formosan;  PMP *iu₃, 2sg. personal pronoun: you. WMP;  PPH *ka-yú, 2pl. personal pronoun, you all. WMP

*ita₁   PAN *ita₁, we (incl.). Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC;  PAN *n-ita, 1st pers. incl. genitive; our. Formosan WMP CMP;  POC *da₂, 1pl. incl. subject prefix and possessive suffix; we (incl.); our (incl.). OC;  PAN *iten₃, we (incl.). Formosan;  PWMP *aten₃, we (incl.). WMP;  PAN *k-ita, we (incl.). Formosan WMP CMP SHWNG OC

*ita₂   PWMP *ita₂, come">come on! let's go!. WMP

*itaq   PWMP *itaq, come">come on! let's go!. WMP

*itek   PMP *itek, be small, become small. WMP CMP;  PPh *ma-intek, small. WMP

*iten   PAN *iten, 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.). Formosan;  PMP *aten, 1p plural absolute possessive pronoun: ours (incl.). WMP;  PPH *n-aten, ours. WMP

*itik₁   PWMP *itik₁, drop of liquid. WMP

*itik₂   PWMP *itik₂, duck, Anas spp.. WMP

*itik₃   PWMP *itik₃, vine, creeper sp.. WMP

*itil   PWMP *itil, clitoris. WMP

*itíp   PPh *itíp, hard crust of rice that adheres to the bottom of the cooking pot. WMP

*ituk   PMP *ituk, small in amount. WMP CMP

*ituq₁   PWMP *ituq₁, a climbing fern: Lygodium circinatum. WMP

*ituq₂   PPH *ituq₂, puppy. WMP

*iu₁   POC *iu₁, bathe. OC

*iu₂   POC *iu₂, spear. OC

*iuk   PAN *iuk, citrus fruit (both orange and pomelo?). Formosan

*iuŋ   PWMP *iuŋ, shake, sway. WMP

*iut₁   PMP *iut₁, little, small, trifling. WMP CMP

*iut₂   PPH *iut₂, movement in coitus; sexual intercourse. WMP

*iwa   PMP *iwa, put in the lap. WMP CMP

*iwad   PPH *iwad, to move sideways. WMP

*iwaq   PMP *iwaq, put in the lap. WMP CMP

*iwas   PPh *iwas, avoid, evade (as people one does not wish to be with). WMP

*íwik   PPh *íwik, to squeal. WMP

*íwit   PPh *íwit, rear part. WMP

*izap   PWMP *izap, wink, blink. WMP

*izep   PWMP *izep, wink, blink. WMP

*izig   PWMP *izig, step, stride. WMP

*izuk   PWMP *izuk, the sugar palm Arenga saccharifera, Arenga pinnata. WMP