![]() | Updated: 6/21/2020 |
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Index to Sets
(click on a *proto-form for its set)
a b c C d e g h i j k l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u w y z
*gabi PPH *gabi, taro: Colocasia esculenta. WMP *gábut PPH *gábut, to pull out or up. WMP *gaCel PAN *gaCel, itch, feel itchy. Formosan; PMP *gatel, itch, feel itchy; sexually stimulated. WMP CMP; PMP *ma-gatel, itch. WMP CMP; PEMP *ma-katel, itch. SHWNG; PWMP *maka-gatel, itch. WMP; PWMP *g<um>atel, to itch, begin to itch. WMP; PWMP *gatel-en, itch. WMP *gaduŋ PWMP *gaduŋ, kind of tuber: Dioscorea spp.. WMP *gae PCMP *gae, to hook, gaff. CMP *gagar PMP *gagar, brave, plucky. WMP CMP *gagu PWMP *gagu, dumb, mute. WMP *gakgak PWMP *gakgak, caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people. WMP *gala PPH *gala, the almasiga tree: Agathis celebica (Koord.). WMP *galamáy PPH *galamáy, finger, toe; tentacles of octopus. WMP *gálaŋ PPH *gálaŋ, respect, reverence. WMP; PPH *i-gálaŋ, to show respect to. WMP; PPH *ma-gálaŋ, respect. WMP; PPH *galaŋ-en, to show respect for someone. WMP *galiŋ PWMP *galiŋ, to grind, crush by grinding. WMP *galiŋgaŋ PWMP *galiŋgaŋ, a tree: Cassia alata. WMP *galu PMP *galu, stir, mix. WMP CMP OC *galugaʔ PWMP *galugaʔ, a plant: Bixa orellana. WMP *galuŋ PWMP *galuŋ, curve. WMP *gama POC *gama, morning star?. OC *gamak PWMP *gamak, feel, hold in the hand. WMP *gamat PWMP *gamat, plant from which a dyestuff is obtained. WMP *gamaʔ PWMP *gamaʔ, catch fish or shrimp with the hands. WMP *gambaŋ PWMP *gambaŋ, valued metal. WMP *gamet PWMP *gamet, edible sea animal or plant. WMP *gámit PPH *gámit, to use. WMP *gamut PPH *gamut, poison. WMP; PPH *gamut-en, to poison. WMP *ganas PMP *ganas, raw energy, animal appetite. WMP CMP *ganti PWMP *ganti, to replace, substitute for; to return in kind something given or done. WMP; PWMP *ganti-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP *gánut PPH *gánut, pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth. WMP; PPH *ganút-en, pull up, pull out, as grass or a tooth. WMP *gaŋa PPH *gaŋa, to open the mouth. WMP *gaŋgaŋ PWMP *gaŋgaŋ, heat or dry something near a fire. WMP *gápas PPH *gápas, sickle; to harvest rice with a sickle. WMP *gapgap PMP *gapgap, stammer. WMP; POC *kakap₂, stammer, stutter. OC *ga(m)puŋ PWMP *ga(m)puŋ, float. WMP *gáqud PPH *gáqud, oar; to row a boat. WMP *garaŋ₁ PAN *garaŋ₁, fierce, intense, as of appetite or temper. Formosan WMP *garaŋ₂ PMP *garaŋ₂, uneven, of edges, jagged, rough. WMP CMP; PMP *garaŋ-gasaŋ, uneven, of edges, jagged, rough. WMP CMP *garáw PPH *garáw, restlessness, wild or unruly movement. WMP; PPH *garaw-en, to move or touch in an agitated or compulsive fashion. WMP *gariŋ PWMP *gariŋ, mill or grind. WMP *garis PMP *garis, to brush past, rub or scrape against; draw a line. WMP CMP; POC *karis₂, to scratch, scrape. OC *garit PWMP *garit, striped, having stripes or streaks of different color. WMP *garu PWMP *garu, stir, mix. WMP *garuC PAN *garuC, comb. Formosan; PMP *garut, rub against, scrape, scratch. WMP; PWMP *ma-garut, to scratch. WMP; PAN *g<um>aruC, to comb. Formosan; PMP *g<um>arut, to rub against, scrape, scratch. WMP *garus PMP *garus, scratch. WMP OC *gaRami PWMP *gaRami, rice straw. WMP *gaRaŋ PAN *gaRaŋ, small edible freshwater crab. Formosan; PMP *kaRaŋ, small edible freshwater crab. WMP *gaRaw PWMP *gaRaw, hoarse, raspy (of the voice). WMP *gaRuk PMP *gaRuk, scratch up, scrape up. WMP SHWNG *gasgas PMP *gasgas, rub, abrade. WMP; POC *kakas-i, to scrape, abrade. OC *gasiŋ PWMP *gasiŋ, spinning top. WMP; PWMP *gasiŋ-an, spinning top. WMP *gatak PWMP *gatak, cleave, split. WMP *gateq PWMP *gateq, sap, resin, sticky secretion. WMP *gatgat PMP *gatgat, to bite something off, to chew something up; to mince. WMP; POC *kakat-i, to chew or bite off. OC *ga(n)tuk PMP *ga(n)tuk, knock against, of body parts. WMP CMP *gatuŋ PPH *gatuŋ, firewood. WMP *gaut PWMP *gaut, to scratch. WMP *gawaŋ PWMP *gawaŋ, gate, opening. WMP *gaway₁ PMP *gaway₁, tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.. WMP; POC *kawe₁, tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.; rays of the sun. OC *gaway₂ PWMP *gaway₂, religious feast, festivity. WMP *gawed PPH *gawed, betel pepper. WMP *gayák PPH *gayák, to plan, prepare to do something. WMP *gayam PMP *gayam, a tree: Inocarpus spp., possibly the Tahitian chestnut: Inocarpus edulis. WMP CMP *gayaŋ PAN *gayaŋ, hunting spear. Formosan WMP *gáyat PPH *gáyat, to slice into thin strips, as meat or vegetables. WMP *gayuŋ-gayuŋ PPH *gayuŋ-gayuŋ, kind of seaweed. WMP *gebáq PPH *gebáq, to destroy, demolish. WMP *geCel PAN *geCel, to pinch. Formosan WMP; PMP *getel, to pinch. WMP *gedek PMP *gedek, sound of sob. WMP CMP *gek PWMP *gek, sound of a thud. WMP *gekgek PMP *gekgek, animal sound. WMP SHWNG; POC *kokok, animal sound. OC *gelaŋ PWMP *gelaŋ, earthworm; intestinal worm. WMP *gelap₁ PMP *gelap₁, lightning that strikes something. WMP CMP *gelap₂ PWMP *gelap₂, storm, darkness. WMP *gelem PWMP *gelem, dark, overcast, cloudy. WMP *geleŋ PWMP *geleŋ, cut off, sever; ring a tree. WMP *gelgél PPH *gelgél, to cut with sawing motion. WMP *gem PMP *gem, hold in the fist. WMP OC *gemel PAN *gemel, take in the hand, clasp, grasp. Formosan WMP; POC *gomol, squeeze, hold tight, clutch. OC *gemes₁ PWMP *gemes₁, angry, irritated. WMP *gemes₂ PWMP *gemes₂, want, desire. WMP *gemgem PAN *gemgem, fist; hold in the fist. Formosan WMP; POC *kokom, fist; hold in the fist. OC; POC *kokom-i, to clasp firmly. OC *gemi PMP *gemi, suckerfish, remora: Echineis naucrates; hold on by biting’. WMP CMP; POC *komi, suckerfish, remora. OC *gempal PWMP *gempal, lump, clod. WMP *geneŋ PWMP *geneŋ, dwell, reside. WMP *genep PWMP *genep, complete; even (of numbers). WMP; PWMP *pa-genep, to complete, make full, round out. WMP; PWMP *ka-genep-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP; PWMP *g<um>enep, become complete. WMP; PWMP *genep-i, to complete something. WMP *geŋ PMP *geŋ, dull resounding sound. WMP CMP *gepik PMP *gepik, smack of light smacking. WMP CMP *gepit PMP *gepit, pinch, squeeze between. WMP CMP *ger PMP *ger, sound of a grunt, etc.. WMP CMP *geraq PWMP *geraq, misfortune, catastrophe. WMP *gereC PAN *gereC, slit an animal's throat. Formosan WMP *geret PMP *geret, notch, groove. WMP; POC *korot, to notch, to carve. OC *gerger₁ PAN *gerger₁, shake, shiver, tremble. Formosan WMP CMP *gerger₂ PWMP *gerger₂, to imprint, leave a temporary mark. WMP *geriC PAN *geriC, gnaw of ripping, gnawing, etc.. Formosan; PMP *gerit, sound of scraping or scratching. WMP CMP OC *geRuŋ PWMP *geRuŋ, rumbling or low murmuring sound. WMP *ges PWMP *ges, dull sound. WMP *gesaq PWMP *gesaq, restless. WMP *ge(s)ges PMP *ge(s)ges, shiver. WMP CMP *getak PWMP *getak, cleave, split. WMP *geteq PWMP *geteq, sap, gummy secretion. WMP *getes PMP *getes, to snap, break off, as a twig. WMP; POC *kotos, to snap, break off, as a twig. OC *getget₁ PWMP *getget₁, nibble, gnaw; moth. WMP *getget₂ PPH *getget₂, line, groove, mark made by cutting. WMP *getik PMP *getik, spotted, striped. WMP; POC *kotik, spotted. OC *getil PAN *getil, to pinch. Formosan WMP *getuk PWMP *getuk, knock, pound on. WMP *getus PWMP *getus, snap, break, as a string. WMP *giak PWMP *giak, to bark, as a hunting dog; shouting. WMP *gian PWMP *gian, addicted to. WMP *giaw PPH *giaw, shouting; to shout. WMP *gidgíd PPH *gidgíd, rub something off. WMP *gidik PMP *gidik, to tickle. WMP; POC *kirik, to tickle. OC *gigil PMP *gigil, shiver, tremble. WMP CMP; PWMP *ma-gigil, to tremble or quiver. WMP *gigir PWMP *gigir, apprehensive, fearful. WMP *gigut PWMP *gigut, to bite. WMP *gikgik PMP *gikgik, titter, giggle. WMP CMP *gila PMP *gila, wild; skittish; insane. WMP CMP; POC *kila, wild; skittish (as animals). OC; PWMP *ma-gila, mentally disturbed. WMP; PMP *gila-gila, wild; insane. WMP; POC *kila-kila, wild, untamed. OC *gilak PMP *gilak, shine, glitter. WMP CMP *gilaŋ PWMP *gilaŋ, radiance. WMP *gilap PMP *gilap, radiance. WMP CMP; PWMP *g<um>ilap, to flash, sparkle. WMP *gilaw PWMP *gilaw, gleam. WMP *gilek PWMP *gilek, ticklish sensation. WMP *gílij PPH *gílij, side, edge. WMP; PPH *ta-gílij, tipped on the side (?). WMP *giliŋ PMP *giliŋ, to grind, as by rolling over. WMP CMP; PWMP *maŋ-giliŋ, to turn, rotate; to grind with a stone roller. WMP; PWMP *paŋ-giliŋ, a person who turns or grinds something; an instrument used for rolling or grinding. WMP; PPH *g<in>iliŋ, grind. WMP; PWMP *g<um>iliŋ, to turn, roll over; grind up. WMP; PWMP *giliŋ-an, grind. WMP; PWMP *giliŋ-en, to grind, be ground up by someone. WMP *gimbal PWMP *gimbal, drum. WMP *gimpis PPH *gimpis, crush between weights; press out. WMP *ginelaw PWMP *ginelaw, dazzling light. WMP *gintil PMP *gintil, pimple. WMP CMP *giŋgiŋ PAN *giŋgiŋ, cold, shivering. Formosan WMP *gipit PMP *gipit, narrow, tight, confined. WMP CMP *giqed PWMP *giqed, zeal, ardor; industrious, keen. WMP *giret PWMP *giret, encircling article of clothing or adornment. WMP *girgir PWMP *girgir, shiver, tremble. WMP *giri PMP *giri, to tickle. WMP; POC *kiri, to tickle. OC *giruk PPH *giruk, tickle; ticklish. WMP *giRiŋ PAN *giRiŋ, ring. Formosan WMP *gisgis₁ PAN *gisgis₁, rub, scrape against. Formosan WMP CMP *gisgis₂ PWMP *gisgis₂, tear off, break off. WMP *gitgit PWMP *gitgit, to nibble, chew at. WMP *gi(n)tik PMP *gi(n)tik, tap or beat lightly on. WMP; POC *kidik, tap or beat lightly on. OC *gitik PWMP *gitik, to tickle. WMP *giwaŋ PPH *giwaŋ, gap, open space, breach. WMP *giwaq PWMP *giwaq, sway, shake, wiggle. WMP *gubát PPH *gubát, to attack, go to war. WMP *guCguC₁ PAN *guCguC₁, pluck, pull out. Formosan; PMP *gutgut₂, pluck, pull out. WMP *guCguC₂ PAN *guCguC₂, to scratch, as an itch. Formosan; PMP *gutgut, to scratch, as an itch. WMP *gu(n)dem PMP *gu(n)dem, dark, darkened. WMP; POC *kurom, dark, darkened, as the sun. OC *gúguq PPH *gúguq, a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo: Ganphyllum falcatum Bl.. WMP *guláman PPH *guláman, gelatin, agar-agar. WMP *gulamay PPH *gulamay, finger, toe; tentacles of octopus. WMP *gulay PWMP *gulay, vegetable. WMP; PPH *gulay-an, (gloss uncertain). WMP; PPH *gulay-en, to cook vegetables. WMP *gúlis PPH *gúlis, line, scratch, furrow. WMP *guluk PWMP *guluk, kind of dagger. WMP *gumi PMP *gumi, moustache, beard. WMP; POC *kumʷi, beard. OC *gumis PWMP *gumis, moustache, beard. WMP *gumul PWMP *gumul, wrestle, grapple with. WMP *gumuN PAN *gumuN, body hair. Formosan *gunay PPH *gunay, movement; to move. WMP *guntur PWMP *guntur, thunder. WMP *guŋguŋ PAN *guŋguŋ, deep resounding sound. Formosan WMP CMP *gu(m)pit PWMP *gu(m)pit, pinch together; narrow. WMP *gurat POC *gurat, a tree with roots that furnish a red dye: Morinda citrifolia. OC *gurgur₁ PAN *gurgur₁, boil of boiling water. Formosan WMP *gurgur₂ PWMP *gurgur₂, to shake. WMP *guris PAN *guris, line; scratch a line. Formosan WMP *gurit PMP *gurit, to scratch; sound of scratching. WMP *guru PMP *guru, noise, tumult. WMP OC *gurumut PWMP *gurumut, swarm around. WMP *guruq PMP *guruq, noise, tumult. WMP; POC *guru, noise, tumult. OC *guRiCa PAN *guRiCa, octopus. Formosan; PMP *kuRita, octopus. WMP CMP SHWNG OC *guRun PMP *guRun, sword grass, Imperata cylindrica. WMP; POC *kuRun, sword grass: Imperata cylindrica. OC *guRuŋ POC *guRuŋ, deep rumbling sound; thunder. OC *gusgus PAN *gusgus, to scrape, scratch, rub. Formosan WMP; POC *kunji, to rub. OC *gusi PAN *gusi, gums. Formosan WMP *gusut PWMP *gusut, tangle. WMP *guSam PAN *guSam, a fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush. Formosan; PMP *guham, a fungal disease of the oral tract: thrush. WMP; PWMP *guam-en, have a thrush or stomatitits infection. WMP *gutgut PAN *gutgut₁, front teeth, incisors. Formosan; PMP *gutgut₁, front teeth, incisors; gnaw, to bite or tear off with the incisors. WMP *guyaq PWMP *guyaq, shake, sway. WMP *guyeŋ PWMP *guyeŋ, shake, sway. WMP *guyud₁ PPH *guyud₁, banana sp.. WMP *guyud₂ PPH *guyud₂, rice variety. WMP *guyud₃ PWMP *guyud₃, pull or drag a heavy object along, as on a sled. WMP; PPH *gúyud-an, drag. WMP; PPH *gúyud-en, pull. WMP |
a b c C d e g h i j k l m n N ñ ŋ o p q r R s S t u w y z
Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition
Robert Blust and Stephen Trussel
www.trussel2.com/ACD
2010: revision 6/21/2020
email: Blust (content)
Trussel (production)
D:\Users\Stephen\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\prjACD\prjACD\bin\Debug\acd-hw_g.htm