J

je    jo    ju    

jab

to elbow; to push or jab with the elbow - PAN *s<um>iku

jacket₁

shirt, jacket - *(loan)

jacket₂

jacket - *(loan)

jackfish

a large marine fish, the jackfish or trevally - PMP *pilu

a large marine fish, the jackfish or trevally - PMP *bilu-bilu

jackfruit

jackfruit sp. - PWMP *badut

jackfruit₁

jackfruit Artocarpus spp. - *(loan)

jackfruit₂

jackfruit - *(loan)

jackfruit sp.

jackfruit sp. - *(near)

jagged

dented, having a jagged edge; hare-lipped - PWMP *sumbiŋ

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough - PMP *garaŋ-gasaŋ

uneven, of edges, jagged, rough - PMP *garaŋ₂

jail

jail - *(loan)

Japanese

the Japanese cypress: Chamaecyparis obtusa - PAN-F *baŋun₁

the Japanese raspberry: Rubus parvifolius (Linn.), Rubus taiwanianus (Matsum.) - PAN *RiNuk

jar

earthen jar - *(loan)

earthen water jar - PPH *baŋaq₂

kind of water jar - PPH *tibud

large earthenware jar - PPH *aŋaŋ

large jar used to store rice wine - PWMP *tapay-an

narrow-necked water jar - PWMP *kalalaŋ

jasmine

jasmine - *(loan)

Jatropha

a tree: Jatropha curcas L. - PWMP *kataŋan

Java

a tree and its fruit, the Java plum: Syzygium cumini - PPH *luŋ(e)búy

javanica

a tree: Bischofia javanica - PMP *tuquR₂

a tree: Bischofia javanica - PAN *CuquR

javelin

dart, javelin - *(loan)

jaw

chin, jaw - PMP *timid

chin, jaw - PAN *timij

chin, jaw - POC *qase

chin, jaw - PMP *qazay

jaw, jawbone - PPH *paŋah

jaw, jawbone (?) - PPH *selaŋ₂

jawbone

jaw, jawbone - PPH *paŋah

jaw, jawbone (?) - PPH *selaŋ₂

jawbone - *(near)

jealous

envious, jealous - PWMP *qiRih

envious, jealous - PCEMP *buRu₂

envious, jealous - PMP *buRehuʔ

jealous - POC *puRu₂

jealous - PMP *buR(e)hu

jealous - POC *kunu₁

jealous, resentful (?) - PWMP *qiRih-an

jealousy

jealousy, envy - *(loan)

jealousy; anger; a quarrel - PWMP *dalu₂

resent, blame; resentment, jealousy - PAN *qijap

sexual jealousy, suspicion - PPh *qímun

jeer

to mock, ridicule, jeer at - PPH *uyaw-en

to mock, ridicule, jeer at - PPH *uyaw

jelly

seaweed jelly - *(loan)

jellyfish

jellyfish - PAN *bubuR₁

jellyfish - *(loan)

jellyfish - *(noise)

tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc. - PMP *gaway₁

tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc. - PMP *kaway₂

tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.; rays of the sun - POC *kawe₁

tentacles of octopus, squid, jellyfish, etc.; rays of the sun - POC *kawe₂

jerk

jerk, startled - PWMP *kezet

pull or jerk at something - PWMP *santak

pull with a jerk - *-gut₂ (root)

pull, jerk at something - PWMP *sintak

snare, noose trap; spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap) - POC *pintik

snare, noose trap; spring up suddenly, jerk up (as a fishing line or noose trap) - PMP *bitik₁

snatch at, pull with a jerk - PWMP *raŋgut

to jerk suddenly, jump when startled - PAN *kezuC

twitch, jerk; keep moving the lips - PWMP *kimut kimut

Jew

a shrub, the Jew’s mallow: Corchorus spp., fam. Malvaceae - PPH *salúyut

jewel

gem, jewel - *(loan)

jewelry

decoration, jewelry - *(loan)

Job

a cereal grass with edible seeds that are also used as beads, Job’s tears: Coix lachryma-jobi L. - PMP *zelay

job

well-equipped, having what one needs to do live or do a job - PPH *saŋkap

jobfish

green jobfish: Aprion virescens - PMP *qutun

jog

to trot, of a horse, to jog, of a person - PPH *yagyág

join

attach, connect, join - PWMP *tampir

attach, connect, join - PWMP *tampil

attach, join - *-pil (root)

catch a ride, join a group, ride on something - PMP *sakay₁

groin, inner thigh where it joins the trunk - PCMP *kelen

join along the length - *-kit₂ (root)

join along the length, raft - POC *rakit

join along the length; raft - PMP *dakit

join forces, cooperate in working - PPh *abag

join together - *(noise)

join together, attach tightly - PMP *rapet

join together; beams used in house construction - PWMP *lipit

join two things to give added length (rope, bamboo, etc.) - PAN-F *Nutud

join, fasten together, probably lengthwise - PWMP *diq(e)pit

join, participate in; accompany - PPh *báli

stick, adhere; join together - PWMP *liŋkit

stitch, join - PWMP *rajup

summon others to join an activity - PWMP *azak

to eat together, join others in eating - PPH *maki-kaen

to follow, join with - PMP *ikut₁

to join with to make three - PWMP *telu-an

to join, unite with in taking sides - PPH *k<um>ampi

joined

canoes joined together lengthwise (?) - POC *kabat₂

divide, separate things that are joined - POC *pokaq

joined along the length - PPh *biŋkit

link in a chain; joined together, as links in a chain, people in sexual intercourse or marriage; hands joined in crossing pattern in circle dance - PWMP *kawiŋ

pair of boats joined by a connecting platform - PWMP *banduŋ

spread wide apart, as the legs or any two things joined at a point - PMP *pikaŋ

sticking to, attached to, joined - PMP *pikit

touching or joined along the length - PWMP *ziŋkit

touching or joined along the length - PWMP *ri(ŋ)kit

touching or joined along the length - PWMP *diŋkit

touching or joined along the length - PMP *de(ŋ)kit

joint

bend; bending part, joint - PAN *lekuq₁

break, snap off at a joint - PWMP *sepak₁

crack apart at the joints - PWMP *sipak

elbow, knee; joint, node - POC *pwatu

have joints - PMP *buku-an

have joints, have protuberances - POC *buku-an

joint - *(loan)

joint, node - POC *patu₁

joints, nodes - PMP *buku buku

mortise and tenon joint - PWMP *asaŋ₁

node (as in bamboo or sugarcane); joint; knuckle; knot in wood; knot in string or rope - PMP *bukuh

node (as in bamboo or sugarcane); joint; knuckle; knot in wood; knot in string or rope; Mons veneris - POC *buku

node (as in bamboo or sugarcane); joint; knuckle; knot in wood; knot in string or rope; Mons veneris - PCEMP *buku

node, joint; knuckle; swelling under the skin - POC *buku-buku

one joint or node (as of bamboo or sugarcane) - PWMP *sa-ŋa-buku

painful sensation, teeth or joints - PMP *ma-ñilu

tongue; tongue of tongue-and-groove joint in carpentry - PMP *dilaq₁

jointed

a jointed creeper which yields fiber used to make cordage and fishnets - POC *kabe₁

join together

join together - *(loan)

jolted

to be jolted or knocked around on a rough ride - PPH *tagtag

jounce

jounce, jouncing movement - PWMP *undak-undak

jounce, jouncing movement - PWMP *qundak

jouncing

jounce, jouncing movement - PWMP *undak-undak

jounce, jouncing movement - PWMP *qundak

journey

journey - *(noise)

knapsack, bag used when on journeys - PWMP *buntil

provisions for a journey - POC *qoso

provisions for a journey - PWMP *bekel

provisions for a journey - PWMP *balun₂

provisions, food for a journey - POC *tamaji

push something to start it moving; accompany someone to help them start a journey - PPH *tulúd

joy

exclamation of joy or sorrow - PCEMP *qaue

joyful

joyful, happy - PPH *lípay

judge

judge, punish - *(loan)

juice

chew the juice from something - PWMP *ma-ñepaq

fermented drink made from coconut juice, palm juice, etc. - PPH *lambanug

juice; broth, soup; gravy - POC *suRuq₁

juice; sap; gravy; soup - PMP *zuRuq

squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing - POC *poRos

squeeze out juice, extract liquid by squeezing - PAN *peRes

squeeze out juice, wring out water - PPH *piRaq₁

squeeze out juice, wring out water - PAN *peReq

squeeze out juice; squirt out - PAN-F *peSiq

squeeze to extract juice - POC *pite

to squeeze out juice, wring out water - PWMP *ma-meRes

to squeeze out juice, wring out water - PWMP *ma-meReq

jujuba

a tree: Zizyphus jujuba - PWMP *bidara

jump

jump over or across - PPH *lik(e)taw

jump over or across - PPH *lak(e)táw

jump repeatedly; knock or fillip repeatedly - POC *pitik-pitik

jump up to reach something - PWMP *lunzag

jump, leap, dance - PWMP *sayaw

to jerk suddenly, jump when startled - PAN *kezuC

to jump, as fish in the water - PWMP *lumpat

to jump, leap across - PPH *luk(e)súh

to start, jump when startled - PMP *kezut₁

jump down

jump down - *(near)

jungle

forest, wilderness, woods, jungle - PMP *halas

jungle leech, Haemadipsa spp. - PWMP *sali-matek

jungle leech, Haemadipsa spp. - PWMP *qali-matek

jungle leech, Haemadipsa spp. - PMP *qala-matek

jungle leech, Haemadipsa spp. - PWMP *kali-matek

jungle leech, Haemadipsa spp. - PAN *qaNi-matek

jungle leech, Haemadipsa spp. - PAN *-matek

primary forest, primeval jungle - PMP *halas + "dark"

primary forest, virgin jungle (lit. 'big forest') - PWMP *halas Raya

wild fowl, jungle fowl - PPH *talun₂

junior

parent’s younger sibling, junior uncle; a young child’s term of address for his father, vocative of *ama - PMP *mama

jurisdiction

jurisdiction, territory - PPH *sakup₂

just

just, merely, only, usual - PPH *sená

only, just - PCEMP *bua₂

only, just, but - PPH *lámaŋ

only, just, merely - PPH *laŋ

jutting

a long slender point, as of land jutting into the sea - PPH *ráwis